EP1312708B1 - Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1312708B1
EP1312708B1 EP20020405890 EP02405890A EP1312708B1 EP 1312708 B1 EP1312708 B1 EP 1312708B1 EP 20020405890 EP20020405890 EP 20020405890 EP 02405890 A EP02405890 A EP 02405890A EP 1312708 B1 EP1312708 B1 EP 1312708B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accordance
probe element
weaving machine
measuring
measuring apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20020405890
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1312708A1 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Markward
Erich Gasser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Itema Switzerland Ltd
Original Assignee
Sultex AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sultex AG filed Critical Sultex AG
Priority to EP20020405890 priority Critical patent/EP1312708B1/fr
Publication of EP1312708A1 publication Critical patent/EP1312708A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1312708B1 publication Critical patent/EP1312708B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D49/00—Details or constructional features not specially adapted for looms of a particular type
    • D03D49/04—Control of the tension in warp or cloth
    • D03D49/18—Devices for indicating warp tension

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring device for measuring the tissue tension in a loom according to the preamble of claim 1 and a loom with at least one such measuring device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a loom with two warp beams, which is equipped per warp beam with at least one measuring device for measuring the fabric tension.
  • the warp let-off In weaving machines, the warp let-off must be controlled in such a way that the warp tension is kept constant regardless of the diameter of the warp beam. In the past, the warp tension was measured directly. However, the warp tension can also be determined from measurements of the fabric tension.
  • the documents DE 39 05 881 C2 and EP 0 385 061 B2 describe "warp tension measuring devices", wherein the fabric tension is measured by means of a measuring device inserted into the breast tree.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication JP 2-293444 discloses a measuring device for measuring tissue tension in or on the chest beam for accurately determining the warp tension. In a first embodiment, a load cell is embedded in the breast tree.
  • the breast tree is rotatably mounted and the contact pressure on the breast tree is transmitted to one or more load cells, which are in communication with the breast tree.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication JP 2-307938 describes a measuring device which is attached to the chest tree and measures the fabric tension between the edge of the fabric and the breast tree.
  • the document EP 0 562 214 A1 discloses a weaving machine with two partial warp beams and a seesaw-like device to monitor the difference of the warp tension associated with the warp beams.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple and accurate measuring device for measuring the tissue tension in a loom available, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, and which is particularly suitable for the measurement of tissue tension in doppelbäumigen looms.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a weaving machine with at least one such measuring device available.
  • a feeler element for example an elongated feeler tube or a touch bar
  • a guide part For example, a lever or a leaf spring, with which the probe element is connected to guide the probe element in the direction of the force vector.
  • the inventive measuring device comprises a holder to which the guide member is attached, and a sensor element, which is in operative connection with the probe element, so that the force acting on the probe element force vector causes a corresponding change in the sensor element, such as a change in resistance or output current ,
  • the guide part is fastened on one side to the holder and the probe element is arranged at a distance from the attachment of the guide part and the measuring device is designed as a module or independent structural unit. That is, in the inventive measuring device, the probe element, the guide member, the holder and the sensor element are designed and / or used exclusively for the concerns of the measuring device.
  • the holder of the inventive measuring device is slidably mounted on a support or support profile.
  • the probe element of the measuring device according to the invention is guided substantially perpendicular to a tissue surface to be scanned.
  • the guide part of the inventive measuring device is rotatably and / or flexibly attached to the holder and / or the guide part or parts thereof are themselves flexible, for example, by the guide member comprises a leaf spring.
  • the probe element is adjustable in height.
  • the probe element and the attachment of the guide member with respect to the running direction of the fabric are offset from each other.
  • the invention comprises a weaving machine with at least one measuring device according to the invention.
  • the at least one measuring device according to the invention is arranged to be displaceable transversely to the running direction of the fabric.
  • the weaving machine has two warp beams, wherein the weaving machine is equipped per warp beam with at least one measuring device according to the invention, and wherein the two measuring devices are arranged individually displaceable transversely to the running direction of the fabric.
  • the measuring device has the advantage that the measuring position can be selected largely freely, since the measuring device is designed as a module.
  • the inventive measuring device can be arranged, for example, displaceable on a support profile, which in a simple manner a displacement transverse to the direction of the fabric can be achieved.
  • the measuring devices for measuring the tissue tension can be moved in width when changing the width of the fabric.
  • numerous measuring devices for measuring tissue tension are known from the prior art, which are either integrated into drive or tissue guiding parts of the weaving machine or use such parts as an integral part. In these solutions, the measuring position is determined by the weaving machine parts used and can only be changed with great effort.
  • a further advantageous feature of the solution according to the invention is that the probe element and the guide part can be produced with comparatively low mass, since they are independent of the drive and tissue guiding parts of the weaving machine.
  • the inventive measuring device is therefore suitable for high dynamics, and the mass of probe element and guide member can be chosen so that the influence of oscillations of the weaving machine remains low.
  • Another advantage of the inventive measuring device is the one-sided lateral attachment of the guide member to the holder. This allows a play-free and long-term stable leadership of the probe element can be achieved. If the sensing element and the attachment of the guide member with respect to the direction of the tissue are sufficiently offset from each other, the frictional forces of the tissue occurring on the probe element are virtually without influence on the measurement result. For the reasons mentioned above, the measuring device according to the invention permits an accurate and long-term stable measurement of the tissue tension.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a measuring device for measuring the tissue tension according to the present invention.
  • the side view of Fig. 1 shows the measuring device 1 in the installed state.
  • the fabric 21 formed on the stop line 23, ie at the edge of the fabric is guided via a fabric support 12 and further via a feeler element 2 of the measuring device 1 to a deflection roller 13 and subsequently to a goods drive 14.
  • a fixed breast beam profile can be provided at the same position.
  • the probe element 2 of the measuring device 1 is arranged so that the tissue 21 is pressed slightly upward by the feeler element 2 in order to absorb a contact pressure generated by the tissue tension and a force vector resulting therefrom.
  • the probe element 2 of the measuring device 1 is height-adjustable mounted on a guide member 3 which is rotatably mounted on at least one pivot bearing 6 to a holder 4.
  • Fig. 2a shows, for example, a variant with two lateral pivot bearings 6, wherein in the oblique view, the second pivot bearing is covered by the probe element 2.
  • Fig. 2b for example, only one pivot bearing 6 may be provided in the middle instead of two lateral pivot bearings.
  • a hold-down spring 8 prevents unfolding of the measuring device 1 in the unused state.
  • the pivot axis 6 is arranged transversely to the running direction of the fabric in the embodiment, and the probe element 2 is offset relative to the pivot bearing 6 in the running direction of the fabric.
  • a sensor element 5 for example, a calibrated load cell with sensor pin, arranged so that the sensor element 5, i. in the example of the sensor pin touches the guide member 3 and the force acting on the probe element 2 force vector is transmitted via the guide member 3 to the sensor element 5, where the force vector causes a corresponding change, such as a change in resistance or output current.
  • the measuring path of the load cell used in the example is a maximum of 0.01 mm and is therefore negligible.
  • the measuring range of the measuring device 1 described in the above embodiment can be easily adjusted by adjusting the deflection angle of the tissue, ie the height of the probe element 2, or by using various load cells with measuring ranges of, for example, 100, 300 or 600 N.
  • the height of the probe element 2 of the order of magnitude of 1 to 10 mm above the zero position of the tissue, ie above the position occupied by the tensioned tissue without measuring device 1, can be adjusted in a simple manner with a correspondingly calibrated gauge.
  • the measuring device of the embodiment is equipped with a device for height adjustment, which is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the probe element 2 is two provided spaced pins provided which are adjustably arranged in bores of the guide member 3.
  • Two compression springs 9 press the probe element 2 backlash to the teaching.
  • the set height is fixed by means of two locking screws 7.
  • the height of the probe element 2 can be adjusted in the exemplary embodiment to ⁇ 0.05 mm, which results in a height of the probe element 2 of 5 mm above the zero position of the fabric a measurement error of ⁇ 1% in the measured tissue tension. If this error bothers, the measurement result can be corrected by software.
  • the probe element 2 is taken exactly on a circular path around the pivot axis. Since the measuring path of at most 0.01 mm is small compared with the length of the lever arm formed by the guide member 3, the measurement errors caused by the one-sided attachment are negligible.
  • the height of the probe element 2 is selected to be much smaller than the pivot axis 6 significantly smaller than the length of the lever arm formed by the guide member 3. In this case, the frictional forces of the tissue occurring on the feeler element have no appreciable influence on the measurement result.
  • the measuring device 1 described in the above embodiment is a module which can be positioned at any free point of the fabric web for measuring the fabric tension.
  • the measuring device has to be attached only at the desired location on the weave and the probe element of the measuring device to be brought into contact with the fabric web.
  • the measuring device 1 is slidably mounted on a support or support section 11.
  • the support section 11 is advantageously arranged transversely to the direction of the fabric and is firmly connected to the frame of the loom.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for doppelbäumige looms, in which the warp tensions of both warp beams must be the same size.
  • the position of the measuring devices 1 according to the exemplary embodiment can be adjusted, for example, such that each is measured approximately in the middle of the right and left fabric halves.
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a measuring device for measuring the tissue tension according to the present invention.
  • the side view of Fig. 3 shows the measuring device 1 in the installed state.
  • the probe element 2 of the measuring device which may be embodied for example as an elongated sensor tube or as a touch bar, on a flexible guide member 3, for example, an elongated leaf spring attached.
  • the flexible guide member 3 is anchored in the second embodiment to a holder 4a and the probe element 2 offset in the direction of tissue from the anchoring point of the guide member 3.
  • a play-free and long-term stable guidance of the probe element 2 in the direction of the force vector perpendicular to the scanned tissue surface can be achieved with good stability both in the transverse direction and in terms of tensile or shear force of the tissue.
  • a possible torsion of the probe element 2 is desirable, since the tissue tension is averaged over the extent of the probe element 2.
  • a sensor element 5, for example a calibrated load cell with sensor pin, is fastened to the holder 4a by means of a height-adjustable sensor holder 4b. The sensor element 5, i.
  • the sensor pin in the example of the sensor pin, is arranged so that it touches the guide member 3 and the force acting on the probe element 2 force vector is transmitted via the guide member 3 to the sensor element 5, where the force vector a corresponding change, such as a change in resistance or output current, causes.
  • the height of the probe element 2 and thus the force exerted by the fabric tension contact pressure can be adjusted in the second embodiment in a simple manner with a correspondingly calibrated teaching.
  • the probe element 2 and the guide part 3 of the embodiment can be manufactured with comparatively low mass, since they are independent of the loom parts, which guide and transport the tissue.
  • the measuring device 1 described in the second embodiment also forms a module with the advantages described in the context of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a weaving machine with two warp beams 16 'and 16 ", wherein the weaving machine is equipped with at least one measuring device per warp beam, for example with at least one measuring device according to one of the two embodiments described above, and wherein the respective measuring devices 1 ', 1 "are arranged individually transversely to the direction of the tissue slidably.
  • the measuring devices 1 'and 1 are slidably mounted on a support or support profile, which support profile is advantageously arranged transversely to the direction of travel of the fabric and firmly connected to the frame of the weaving machine
  • the measuring devices 1' and 1" are arranged in that the distance to the tissue center is the same on the right and on the left and is measured on each side approximately in the middle of the tissue halves.
  • the measuring devices 1 'and 1 are arranged between the stop line, i.e. the edge of the article, and the breast tree.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de mesure (1) pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser, comportant un élément palpeur (2) pour détecter la pression exercée sur une bande ainsi qu'un vecteur force en résultant, une pièce de guidage (3) à laquelle est relié l'élément palpeur (2) afin de guider ce-dernier dans le sens du vecteur force, un support (4) sur lequel est fixée la pièce de guidage (3) ainsi qu'un élément capteur (5) relié à l'élément palpeur (2) pour coopérer avec lui, de sorte que le vecteur force agissant sur l'élément palpeur (2) occasionne une variation correspondante dans l'élément capteur (5),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pièce de guidage (3) est fixée d'un côté au support (4), en ce que l'élément palpeur (2) est monté à distance de la fixation de la pièce de guidage (3) et en ce que le dispositif de mesure (1) est réalisé sous forme de module.
  2. Dispositif de mesure selon la revendication 1, le support (4) étant monté de manière mobile sur une barre ou un profilé support.
  3. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, l'élément palpeur (2) étant guidé de manière sensiblement verticale sur la surface de la bande à palper.
  4. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, la pièce de guidage (3) étant fixée de façon rotative au support (4).
  5. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, la pièce de guidage (3) ou certaines de ses parties étant elles-même flexibles et/ou la pièce de guidage (3) étant fixée de manière flexible au support (4).
  6. Dispositif de mesure selon la revendication 5, la pièce de guidage (3) entourant un ressort à lame.
  7. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, l'élément palpeur (2) étant réglable en hauteur.
  8. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, l'élément palpeur (2) et la fixation de la pièce de guidage (3) étant décalés entre eux dans le sens longitudinal de la bande.
  9. Métier à tisser avec au moins un dispositif de mesure (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
  10. Métier à tisser selon la revendication 9, le dispositif de mesure (1) étant disposé de manière mobile transversalement au sens de défilement de la bande.
  11. Métier à tisser avec deux ensouples, ledit métier à tisser étant équipé d'au moins un dispositif de mesure (1', 1") par ensouple, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
  12. Métier à tisser selon la revendication 11, les deux dispositifs de mesure (1', 1") étant disposés chacun de manière mobile transversalement par rapport au défilement de la bande.
  13. Métier à tisser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 ou 12, chacun des deux dispositifs de mesure (1', 1") pour la mesure de la tension de la bande étant disposés de manière mobile sur une barre ou un profilé support.
  14. Métier à tisser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, chacun des deux dispositifs de mesure (1', 1") pour la mesure de la tension de la bande étant disposés entre la lisière de la laize et la poitrinière.
EP20020405890 2001-11-16 2002-10-17 Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure Expired - Lifetime EP1312708B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20020405890 EP1312708B1 (fr) 2001-11-16 2002-10-17 Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01811105 2001-11-16
EP01811105 2001-11-16
EP20020405890 EP1312708B1 (fr) 2001-11-16 2002-10-17 Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1312708A1 EP1312708A1 (fr) 2003-05-21
EP1312708B1 true EP1312708B1 (fr) 2006-02-01

Family

ID=26077440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20020405890 Expired - Lifetime EP1312708B1 (fr) 2001-11-16 2002-10-17 Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1312708B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113896019A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-07 青岛铠硕机械科技有限公司 一种喷水织布机内部支撑压紧布料装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3905881C2 (de) * 1989-02-25 1999-08-19 Dornier Gmbh Lindauer Vorrichtung zum Messen der Kettspannung in einer Webmaschine
JPH02307938A (ja) * 1989-05-22 1990-12-21 Katsuzawa Denshi Gijutsu Kk 織機の経糸張力検出法とその制御装置
EP0562214A1 (fr) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-29 Sulzer RàœTi Ag Métier à tisser avec des ensouples sectionnelles
IT1273785B (it) * 1994-02-18 1997-07-10 Nuovo Pignone Spa Dispositivo perfezionato per misurare la tensione di ordito in un telaio tessile
DE59511108D1 (de) * 1994-12-13 2010-07-29 Itema Switzerland Ltd Vorrichtung zur Messung der Kettspannung an einer Webmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1312708A1 (fr) 2003-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0385061B1 (fr) Dispositif de machine à tisser, pour la mesure de la tension de châine
EP0467117A1 (fr) Dispositif pour mesurer l'épaisseur et/ou l'irrégularité d'une couche de fibres ou d'ouates dans les machines de préparation des métiers à filer
DE10331064B4 (de) Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Materialbahn
DE4427129C2 (de) Spanneinheit für die Webkette einer Webmaschine
DE3408565A1 (de) Einrichtung zur regulierung der spannung und zur ueberwachung der kettfaeden an einer webmaschine, insbesondere rundwebmaschine
EP1312708B1 (fr) Dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la tension d'une bande dans un métier à tisser et un métier à tisser equipé d'un tel dispositif de mesure
DE3601279A1 (de) Streichbaumanordnung an einer webmaschine
EP0707103B1 (fr) Dispositif de tension de la chaíne pour metier à tisser
EP1848847B1 (fr) Support de cylindres superieurs pour bancs d'etirage dans des metiers a filer
DE19505082C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Messung der Kettgarnspannung in einer Webmaschine
EP0789097B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer la tension de la chaíne dans un métier à tisser
EP0485870B1 (fr) Système de détection des efforts de traction
WO2002083539A1 (fr) Detecteur de fil
DE19538121C1 (de) Ungesteuerte Spanneinheit für die Webkette einer Webmaschine
EP1646573B1 (fr) Systeme de traitement de fil et tensiometre pour fil
WO2000078492A1 (fr) Procede pour le guidage d'une lame de scie a ruban sans fin
CH671784A5 (fr)
DE102018218294B3 (de) Vorrichtung zur Messung der Kettspannung in einer Webmaschine sowie Webmaschine
EP1127181B2 (fr) Pince a fil pour une lance d'une machine a tisser a lances
EP0717135B1 (fr) Dispositif de mesure de la tension de chaîne sur un métier à tisser
EP1061166B1 (fr) Frein de fil de trame pour métiers à tisser
EP0937797B1 (fr) Dispositif d'appel du tissu pour métier à tisser et métier à tisser avec un tel dispositif
DE602004012004T2 (de) Anordnung des Streichbaums in einer Webmaschine
EP3529404B1 (fr) Dispositif de mesure de la tension de chaîne dans une machine à tisser et machine à tisser équipée d'un tel dispositif
US20030094210A1 (en) Measuring apparatus for measuring the cloth tension in a weaving machine and a weaving machine with a measuring apparatus of this kind

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20031023

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): BE DE IT

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20040223

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE IT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20060201

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 50205747

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20060413

Kind code of ref document: P

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20061103

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20091026

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20090825

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20091013

Year of fee payment: 8

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *SULTEX A.G.

Effective date: 20101031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20101031

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 50205747

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20101017

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110502