EP1306122B1 - Homogenisierungsvorrichtung für ein Pulvermaterial und Verfahren zur Homogenisierung eines Pulvermaterials - Google Patents

Homogenisierungsvorrichtung für ein Pulvermaterial und Verfahren zur Homogenisierung eines Pulvermaterials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1306122B1
EP1306122B1 EP02023626A EP02023626A EP1306122B1 EP 1306122 B1 EP1306122 B1 EP 1306122B1 EP 02023626 A EP02023626 A EP 02023626A EP 02023626 A EP02023626 A EP 02023626A EP 1306122 B1 EP1306122 B1 EP 1306122B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
homogenizing
accordance
powder material
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02023626A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1306122A1 (de
Inventor
Till Kaz
Axel Dr. Helmbold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/84—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with two or more stirrers rotating at different speeds or in opposite directions about the same axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/85—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with two or more stirrers on separate shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/91—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/60—Mixing solids with solids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a homogenizing device for a powder material.
  • the invention relates to a method for homogenizing a powder material.
  • powder material In many applications in which a powder material is used, for example in the production of electrochemical functional layers or in the surface coating, it is important that the powder material is largely homogenized and in particular no too large powder particle cogglomerates are present. In particular, powder material, which is a mixture of different components, must then be homogeneously mixed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a homogenizer and a method for homogenizing a powder material, by means of which or by means of which a high degree of homogenization can be achieved even with fine-grained powder materials.
  • a homogenizing device for a powder material having a fillable with the powder material homogenization chamber in which a first rotor is rotatably mounted and spaced therefrom, a second rotor is rotatably disposed, wherein the two rotors rotate in opposite directions to produce opposing currents , over which the powder material is friable, and a drive for a rotor is designed so that rotor speeds of at least 8,000 revolutions per minute can be achieved.
  • the two rotors generate opposing flows and in particular air flows, so that the powder material between the two rotors is held in suspension.
  • the air flows in turn cause powder particle flows in the powdered fluid.
  • powder particle co-conglomerates in the powder material rub off due to internal friction, so that homogenization is achieved.
  • Powder mixtures for electrochemical functional layers often contain as binders organic substances such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
  • binders organic substances such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Such a binder forms threads, by which on the one hand the binding effect between powder particles and in particular powder particle cogglomerates is ensured and on the other hand the layer produced has hydrophobic properties. Destruction of these filaments by mechanical action accordingly worsens the electrochemical properties of a corresponding functional layer.
  • the homogenization is achieved according to the invention without such harmful mechanical action.
  • first rotor and the second rotor are rotatable in opposite directions at essentially the same rotational speed so as to keep the powder material in suspension between the two rotors and to avoid the other force gradient in the total flow which has a non-radial preferred direction.
  • a synchronization device for synchronizing a drive for the first rotor and a drive for the second rotor is provided to ensure the setting of the same rotational speeds of the two rotors.
  • the synchronization device may be an electronic circuit which, for example, synchronizes two electric motors with each other. It may also be a mechanical device, which, for example, the two rotors synchronized with each other via a transmission, if only a single drive is provided.
  • an axis of rotation for the first rotor and an axis of rotation for the second rotor advantageously coincide substantially.
  • flow conditions with a high degree of symmetry can be formed in the homogenization chamber with respect to this common axis of rotation.
  • a distance of a rotor to a boundary wall of the homogenization chamber is smaller than one fifth of the distance between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the distance of a rotor to a boundary wall, through which a shaft for driving the rotor passes smaller than one fifth of said distance between the first rotor and the second rotor, so as to avoid dead spaces in the homogenization chamber.
  • a rotor advantageously extends into the vicinity of lateral boundary walls of the homogenization chamber.
  • opposing air flows in the homogenization chamber can be generated by the two rotors.
  • These counterflowing airflows hold the powder material in suspension between the two rotors, with the counterflowing airflows in turn driving countercurrent particle flows in the powdered fluid.
  • These powder fluid flows cause contact between powder particles, in which case powder particle co-glomerates are rubbed by internal friction and thus a homogenizing effect occurs. This homogenization effect occurs in particular in fine-grained powder materials.
  • a drive for a rotor is designed so that rotor speeds of at least 8,000 revolutions per minute can be achieved.
  • a rotor has one or more rotor blades, which are provided with a non-stick coating for powder material. This prevents sticking of powder material to a rotor.
  • first rotor and the second rotor are mounted on opposite boundary walls of the homogenization chamber. As a result, the powder between the two rotors in the balance, while the proportion of dead spaces in the homogenization chamber is minimized.
  • a first homogenizing device with a first chamber and the first rotor and a substantially identically formed second homogenizing device with a second chamber and the second rotor are provided, wherein the first homogenizing device and the second homogenizing device can be positioned relative to one another in that the homogenization chamber is formed by the first chamber and the second chamber.
  • the homogenizing device according to the invention can then be formed by the two identically formed homogenizing devices by positioning them correspondingly. The design and manufacturing effort to produce the homogenizer with the two counter-rotating rotors is kept low.
  • the first homogenizing device can be positioned on the second homogenizing device; in which case the chambers are arranged on the respective homogenizing device so that they pass through a recess are formed on a corresponding side of the respective homogenizing device, ie have an open side towards the outside.
  • the homogenization chamber is formed. If the homogenizing devices are designed substantially the same, then the two rotors are automatically in opposite directions when superimposed.
  • first homogenizing device and the second homogenizing device are then fixable relative to each other so as to form the homogenization chamber.
  • the homogenization chamber is filled prior to fixation.
  • the constructive effort for the production of a homogenizing device according to the invention is thereby minimized, since in particular no filling locks for powder material must be provided in the homogenization chamber.
  • the aforementioned object is further achieved according to the invention in a method for homogenizing a powder material, wherein by a first rotor, an air flow and a second rotor, a counter-current air flow is generated, wherein the powder is crushed in opposite directions.
  • the opposing flows are in particular powder fluid flows, which in turn are driven by the air currents.
  • the powder material is held in suspension over the two air flows.
  • intensive contact between the powder particles in the particle flows can be achieved, whereby the homogenization due to internal friction in the powder material is achieved.
  • the powder material is at most homogenized so long that no decomposition processes such as chemical processes take place in it.
  • Homogeneized powders can be produced as coating materials for an electrochemical functional layer by means of the device according to the invention or by means of the method according to the invention. These powders are in particular mixtures of different components. This makes it possible to produce electrochemical functional layers with high reproducibility, since the statistical size fluctuations in the homogenized powder material are minimized due to the high reproducible degree of homogenization of the powder material. In particular, it is also possible to homogenize fine-grained powder mixtures which can be advantageously used as starting materials for electrochemical functional layers.
  • the powder material comprises a mixture of a catalyst material such as platinum or platinum-ruthenium and a binder such as PTFE.
  • the binder provides a bond between powder material particles and in particular powder material clogglomerates. It can also provide for example the hydrophobic properties of an electrochemical functional layer, in particular to prevent the wetting of an electrode layer.
  • the catalyst material is supported, for example on carbon black or carbon particles, so as to minimize the material costs in particular.
  • the mixture comprises an electron-conducting material to ensure electron conduction, for example, to electrode layers for a fuel cell.
  • the support material for the catalyst is an electron conductor.
  • the mixture comprises a proton conductive material to ensure proton conduction to a proton conducting membrane. This effectively increases the surface area of a corresponding electrode.
  • the mixture comprises a pore-forming agent, in order to increase in this way the effective reaction surface of a manufactured layer.
  • An embodiment of a homogenizing device according to the invention which is designated as a whole by 10 in FIG. 2, comprises a first homogenizing device 12 and a second homogenizing device 14; these two homogenizers essentially are formed the same ( Figure 1), so that in the following only the second homogenizer 14 will be described.
  • This comprises a housing 16 in which a chamber 18 is formed, which is open to an end face of the housing 16.
  • This chamber 18 can be filled with a powder material 20 to be homogenized.
  • this chamber 18 is rotationally symmetrical about a housing axis.
  • a rotor 22 is arranged, which can rotate about a shaft 24 in the second chamber 18, wherein a drive 26, which in the Housing 16 is arranged, the rotation of the shaft 24 causes.
  • the drive 26 is in particular an electric motor.
  • the second chamber 18 has lateral boundary walls 28 and a lower boundary wall 30.
  • the shaft 24 passes through the lower boundary wall 30 and is in particular rotatably mounted with respect to this.
  • a seal 32 is arranged around the shaft 24 at the passage region through the lower boundary wall 30, which may be in particular a double lip seal.
  • the rotor 22, which is assigned to the second homogenizing device 14 (second rotor 22), is designed, for example, in a double-lobed fashion.
  • the second rotor 22 is arranged in the second chamber 18, that the proportion of dead spaces in a corresponding homogenization chamber 33 ( Figure 2) is as low as possible.
  • the rotor 22 extends into the vicinity of the lateral boundary walls 28 and also the distance of the rotor 22 to the lower boundary wall 30 is minimized, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the first homogenizing device 12 is formed with a first chamber 34, a first drive 36 and a first rotor 38.
  • the first homogenizing device 12 in this case has a housing 40.
  • the housing 16 and, correspondingly, the housing 40 has an upper end surface 42 which is substantially planar, so that a support surface is formed to position the first homogenizer 12 on the second homogenizer 14 and the homogenization chamber 33 from the second chamber 18 and the first chamber 34 to form.
  • the end face 42 is in particular an annular surface. This position of the two homogenizing devices 12 and 14 is fixable so as to form the homogenizing device 10, wherein a seal between the two homogenizing devices 12, 14 may be provided, for example in the form of an O-ring.
  • the two homogenizers 12 and 14 are then positioned so that an axis of rotation 44 for the first rotor 38 and an axis of rotation 46 for the second rotor 22 substantially coincide.
  • a corresponding rotationally symmetrical design of the chambers 18 and 34 and the homogenization chamber 33 is then formed rotationally symmetrical.
  • a distance A between the two rotors 22 and 38 in the homogenization chamber 33 is in particular at least five times greater than a distance B between the respective rotor and its associated lower boundary wall (second rotor 22 and boundary wall 30) in the positioning of the first homogenizer 12 on the second Homogenizing device 14, the corresponding boundary wall is an upper boundary wall). In turn, the proportion of dead spaces in the homogenization chamber 33 is minimized.
  • drives 26 and 36 can be achieved speeds for the respective associated rotors 22 and 38, which are at least greater than 8000 revolutions per minute. Good homogenization results for powder materials for the production of electrochemical functional layers have been achieved at rotational speeds between 10,000 and 20,000 revolutions per minute.
  • a first air flow is generated via the first rotor 38 and a second air flow is generated via the second rotor 22, wherein the two air flows are in opposite directions, since the two rotors 22 and 38 rotate in the homogenization chamber 33 in opposite directions.
  • the rotational speeds are essentially the same amount.
  • a synchronization device 48 is provided, which synchronizes the drive of the two rotors 38 and 22 with each other.
  • it may be an electronic synchronization device that synchronizes electric motors.
  • a single drive for the two rotors 22 and 38 is provided and causes the synchronization device that the two rotors rotate in opposite directions in the homogenization chamber 33, for example by a corresponding gear is provided to effect the different rotational direction but at substantially the same rotational speed.
  • the homogenizing device according to the invention functions as follows:
  • One of the homogenizing devices is filled with the powder material 20 to be homogenized, for example the second homogenizing device 14 with its second chamber 18. Subsequently, the first homogenizing device 12 is positioned on the second homogenizing device 14 and these two devices are fixed together so as to form the homogenizing chamber 33 ,
  • the rotors 22 and 38 are then put into operation, wherein the rotational speed is for example between 10,000 revolutions per minute and 20,000 revolutions per minute.
  • the two rotors 22 and 38 are synchronized with each other so that they have in opposite directions substantially the same rotational speed.
  • the homogenization of the powder material 20 by the homogenizer 10 is thus essentially not by a direct mechanical influence of the rotors 22 and 38 on the powder material 20 (grinding), but by internal friction in the powder fluid, the rotors 22, 38 on the respective caused counter-rotating Air currents are the driving force for the powder fluid flows. Since the powder material between the rotors 22 and 38 is held in suspension, the proportion of dead spaces in the homogenization chamber 33 is minimized; In such dead spaces, powder coagglomerates could accumulate which are not further grated and thus negatively influence the homogenization result.
  • the homogenizing device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be advantageously used for the production of powder material for electrochemical functional layers and in particular catalytic layers; as used for example in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEFC) with hydrogen or methanol as Reaction gas. It is also possible to produce electrochemical layers for battery systems with such homogenized powders or electrochemical layers for reactors and reformers. In addition, powder coatings can also be produced with correspondingly homogenized powder materials. It is also possible to produce surfaces of heat exchangers or absorbers with correspondingly homogenized powders.
  • PEFC polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
  • Useful powder materials include a catalyst such as platinum or platinum-ruthenium, which catalyst is particularly supported, i. H. sitting on soot particles or carbon particles.
  • a binder is provided, which may be an organic material such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), which binds on the one hand, the carrier particles with the catalyst and on the other has hydrophobic properties, so that can prevent moisture penetration of the functional layer produced.
  • pore formers may be added as well as proton conductive materials to effect effective surface enlargement and to increase the electrochemical reaction areas and ensure proton conduction to a membrane.
  • the aim is to produce powder mixtures which are as fine as possible.
  • Homogenized powder mixtures can be produced by the homogenizing device according to the invention with particles which, for example, are smaller than 50 nm and having cogglomerates smaller than 500 nm.
  • Such powder materials have excellent electrochemical functionality. Dry layers can be sprayed on, which, inter alia, also have a high reproducibility due to the high degree of homogenization of the powder material, which in turn has a high degree of reproducibility in the electrochemical properties of the layer produced.
  • a powder homogenized according to the invention can be applied to a support, for example a membrane, by means of a powder delivery device.
  • a powder delivery device and a corresponding method for powder application to a carrier is described in the German patent application no. 101 34 498.8 issued on July 2, 2001 to the same assignee, to which reference is hereby expressly made.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are scanning electron micrographs of powder material homogenized according to the invention, which is a carbon-supported platinum catalyst with PTFE as binder.
  • Figure 3 shows a photograph with twenty thousand magnification and
  • Figure 4 shows a recording of the same material with fifty thousand magnifications.
  • the individual powder particles which have a size of about 30 nm; furthermore visible are powder particle cogglomerates which have a size of about 500 nm.
  • thread-like structures which are PTFE threads.
  • PTFE threads In order for PTFE on the one hand to act as a binder for the powder particles and on the other hand for the hydrophobic effect to be ensured, such threads must be present. Destruction of the filaments during homogenization of the powder material would severely affect the electrochemical properties of functional layers made from such material.
  • a corresponding powder material is homogenized in the homogenizer 10 only so long that it is ensured that no decomposition processes occur in the powder material, such as chemical reactions that could change the powder material so that the electrochemical properties of correspondingly produced functional layers are deteriorated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
EP02023626A 2001-10-26 2002-10-18 Homogenisierungsvorrichtung für ein Pulvermaterial und Verfahren zur Homogenisierung eines Pulvermaterials Expired - Lifetime EP1306122B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10154123A DE10154123A1 (de) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Homogenisierungsvorrichtung für ein Pulvermaterial und Verfahren zur Homogenisierung eines Pulvermaterials
DE10154123 2001-10-26

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EP1306122A1 EP1306122A1 (de) 2003-05-02
EP1306122B1 true EP1306122B1 (de) 2007-03-21

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EP (1) EP1306122B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE357285T1 (da)
DE (2) DE10154123A1 (da)
DK (1) DK1306122T3 (da)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109225034A (zh) * 2018-08-16 2019-01-18 辛艺 一种小体型的气动搅拌机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004017161A1 (de) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Pulverpartikel-Aufbringverfahren und Aufbringvorrichtung für Pulverpartikel
DE102004038413B4 (de) * 2004-07-30 2006-09-28 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung mit räumlich variierenden Eigenschaften
GB2560988A (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-03 Kenwood Ltd Kitchen appliance and apparatus therefor

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DE412197C (de) * 1925-04-11 Hartstoff Metall Akt Ges Hamet Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Stoffen in Wirbelmuehlen
DE704372C (de) * 1937-07-10 1941-03-28 J S Petzholdt Fa Rundreiber zum Verfeinern von Kakao- oder Schokolademassen
DE1454743B2 (de) * 1962-06-07 1970-05-14 Beck, Erich, 6520 Worms Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verdichten und Agglomerieren von pulverförmigen bis körnigen thermoplastischen Stoffen
GB1080443A (en) * 1963-03-05 1967-08-23 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for mixing finely divided materials
GB1053572A (da) * 1963-05-14
US3937446A (en) * 1974-09-30 1976-02-10 Elba-Werk Maschinen-Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Apparatus for mixing of building materials
GB2046109B (en) * 1979-03-06 1983-05-25 Imi Refiners Ltd Fume agglomeration
SE8802879L (sv) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-13 Novlab Innovation Ab Omroerare
JPH04110051A (ja) * 1990-08-30 1992-04-10 Morikazu Usami 製粉方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109225034A (zh) * 2018-08-16 2019-01-18 辛艺 一种小体型的气动搅拌机

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Publication number Publication date
ATE357285T1 (de) 2007-04-15
DE50209756D1 (de) 2007-05-03
DK1306122T3 (da) 2007-05-29
DE10154123A1 (de) 2003-05-15
EP1306122A1 (de) 2003-05-02

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