EP1294712A1 - Process for the crystallization of losartan potassium - Google Patents
Process for the crystallization of losartan potassiumInfo
- Publication number
- EP1294712A1 EP1294712A1 EP01274254A EP01274254A EP1294712A1 EP 1294712 A1 EP1294712 A1 EP 1294712A1 EP 01274254 A EP01274254 A EP 01274254A EP 01274254 A EP01274254 A EP 01274254A EP 1294712 A1 EP1294712 A1 EP 1294712A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- losartan
- potassium
- losartan potassium
- acetone
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002083 C09CA01 - Losartan Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229960000519 losartan potassium Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 title description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 triphenylmethyl (trityl) protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960004773 losartan Drugs 0.000 description 19
- KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N losartan Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2[N]N=NN=2)C=C1 KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQPGGBNMTNDKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(2-trityltetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=NN(N=N2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 QQPGGBNMTNDKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBWFVUDBNNXTFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;potassium Chemical compound [K].C1=CNC=N1 RBWFVUDBNNXTFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005862 Angiotensin II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800000733 Angiotensin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015427 Angiotensins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010064733 Angiotensins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N Ile(5)-angiotensin II Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C([O-])=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])NC(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CC([O-])=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950006323 angiotensin ii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003276 anti-hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MPCQNSCUKOECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;ethanol Chemical compound CCO.CCCCO MPCQNSCUKOECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001882 diuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003883 furosemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- This invention relates to a c-rystallization process to obtain losartan Potassium
- Losartan Potassium is also known as 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1- [ [2'- (2H-tetrazole-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yi] methyl] imidazole potassium salt and is useful in the treatment of hypertension.
- Losartan is known to inhibit the action of octapeptide hormone angiotensin II and Is useful therefore in alleviating angiotensin induced hypertension. Further, it has been reported that losartan when administered with a diuretic such as furosemide or hydrochlorot ⁇ iazide exhibits an enhanced anti-hypertensive effect. Administration of losartan with a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug can prevent renal failure.
- Losartan is known to exhibit polymorphphism (Ref: US Patent 5,608,075).
- Two polymorphic forms of Losartan Potassium, Form I and Form II have been reported in US Patent 5,608,075 alongwith their methods of preparation. Characterization of these two polymorphic forms has been described through applications of X-ray powder diffraction pattern, DSC thermograms, FTIR spectra, Raman spectra and solid state 13 C NMR.
- Polymo ⁇ h Form I has been prepared in US Patent 5,608,075 by adding an aqueous solution of Losartan Potassium to a refluxing mixture of isopropanol/cyclohexene and removing water by distilling cyclohexe ⁇ e isopropanol/water ternary azeotrope at 64° C. Losartan Potassium Form I crystallizes out at 69° C.
- Losartan Potassium has been achieved from a mixture of isopiopanol and cyclohexene and this crystalline material has been characterized as polymo ⁇ h Form I.
- Crystallization process described in WO 98/18787 requires adequate precision to consistently obtain po'ymo ⁇ h Form I and mixture of solvents, cyclohexene and isopropanol is difficult to separate.
- the inventors have su ⁇ risingly discovered that Losartan Potassium polymo ⁇ h Form I can be prepared in one pot by reacting triphenylmethyl protected Losartan with Potassium hydroxide in methanoi/acetone without isolating the free Losartan acid and requires no seeding.
- This invention relates to the process to manufacture Losartan Potassium Form I without use of isopropanol/cyclohexene solvent mixture.
- Losartan free acid is suspended in a solvent and potassium hydroxide is added to obtain a clear solution, which is then concentrated under reduced pressure to remove most of the solvent.
- An anti-solvent is added to crystallize Losartan Potassium.
- the solvents to prepare Losartan Potassium include methanol, ethanol, butanol but preferably the salt formation is carried out in methanol.
- Anti-solvent is selected from common solvents such ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, toluene and acetone but the preferred anti-solvent is acetone.
- Losartan free acid or triphenylmethyl protected Losartan may be prepared using the reactions and techniques described in US Patent 5,138,069 and WO 93/10106.
- Trityl Losartan 2-n-buty -chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1- [ [2'- [ (2-triphenylmethyl) tetrazole-5-yl] biphenyl-4-yl] methyl] imidazole (herein referred as Trityl Losartan), a key intermediate
- Losartan Potassium hydroxide in an alcohol, preferably methanol, to perform deprotection and generate in situ Losartan Potassium which is then isolated in dessred polymo ⁇ h Form I by distilling methanol and adding an anti-solvent such as acetonitrile, toluene, ethyl acetate and preferably acetone. Both the reaction and the crystallization may be effected in the same reaction vessel, and no expensive separation techniques, such as extraction or isolation of Losartan free acid are necessary. Such a process of obtaining Losartan Potassium polymo ⁇ h Form I directly from Trityl losartan is not reported hitherto in literature and hence constitutes an object of the present invention.
- the described preparation is done essentially under anhydrous condition and thus avoids elaborate azeotropic distillation for water removal.
- the desired polymo ⁇ h Form I Losartan Potassium is obtained directly, that is, without having to isolate the free Losartan acid, which results in increased efficiency and contributes to the lower production cost.
- trityl losartan is dissolved in 6-8 times by volume in methanol and equimolar quantity of potassium hydroxide is added. The resulting mixture is refluxed for a few hours till disappearance of trityl losartan is observed.
- Tritanol is recovered by filtration and methanol is distilled under reduced pressure. Acetone is added to the residue and distillation is continued to remove last traces of methanol.
- Losartan Potassium is obtained as a free flowing slurry in acetone that is ffiilltteerreedd aanndd ddrriieedd..
- TThhee ddiiffffeerreennttiiaall ssccaannnniinngg ccaalloorudimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction pattern confirm this to be polymo ⁇ hic modification I
- Residue was diluted with 25 ml. acetone and contents cooled to 20-25° C for 10 min and product filtered under nitrogen atmosphere and washed with 5 ml. acetone. Product was dried 55-60° C under reduced pressure to yield 4.88 g. (89.5% of theory) Losartan Potassium Form I (DSC, XRPD).
- Losartan Potassium Form I was prepared from Losartan acid in methanol as described in Example 2 and ethyl acetate was used in place of acetone. Yield: 4.95 g. (91% of theory).
- Losartan Potassium Form I was prepared from Losartan acid following the procedure described in Example 2 and acetonitrile was added as anti-solvent to isolate the product. Yield: 4.8 g. (88% of theory).
- Example 6
- Losartan Potassium was prepared by reacting Losartan acid in n-butanol with potassium hydroxide as described in Example 6 and the product was isolated as polymo ⁇ h Form I by addition of ethyl acetate as anti-solvent in place of acetone. Yield: 4.85 g. (89% of theory).
- Losartan Potassium was prepared in n-butanol as given in Example 6 and Form I of Losartan Potassium was isolated with toluene. Yield: 4.9 g. (90% of theory).
- Losartan Potassium was prepared in n-butanol as described in Example 6 and Form I was obtained by adding acetonitrile. Yield: 4.8 g. (88% of theory).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN403CH2001 | 2001-05-18 | ||
| INMA00001403 | 2001-05-18 | ||
| PCT/IN2001/000205 WO2002094816A1 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2001-11-20 | Process for the crystallization of losartan potassium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1294712A1 true EP1294712A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
Family
ID=11097003
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01274254A Withdrawn EP1294712A1 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2001-11-20 | Process for the crystallization of losartan potassium |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1294712A1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2004520446A (OSRAM) |
| BG (1) | BG107478A (OSRAM) |
| SI (1) | SI21236A (OSRAM) |
| SK (1) | SK722003A3 (OSRAM) |
| WO (1) | WO2002094816A1 (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030135041A1 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-17 | Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Limited, India | Synthesis of ceftiofur intermediate |
| AU2003278422A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-25 | Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited | Amorphous form of losartan potassium |
| ITMI20030328A1 (it) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-08-26 | Dinamite Dipharma S P A In Forma A Bbreviata Diph | Polimorfi di losartan potassio e procedimento per la loro preparazione. |
| WO2004076442A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-09-10 | Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited | Polymorphs of losartan |
| WO2004087691A1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-14 | Ipca Laboratories Limited | A process for the synthesis of losartan potassium |
| US7345071B2 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2008-03-18 | Ipca Laboratories Limited | Process for the synthesis of Losartan potassium |
| DE602004029373D1 (de) * | 2003-08-27 | 2010-11-11 | Zentiva Ks | Verfahren zur entfernung der triphenylmethanschutzgruppe |
| ITMI20032472A1 (it) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-17 | Dinamite Dipharma S P A In Forma A Bbreviata Diph | Procedimento per la preparazione di losartan potassio cristallino |
| WO2005066158A2 (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2005-07-21 | Ipca Laboratories Limited | An improved process for the synthesis of losartan potassium |
| EP1713795A2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2006-10-25 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Candesartan cilexetil polymorphs |
| EP1729766A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2006-12-13 | LEK Pharmaceuticals D.D. | Pharmaceutical formulation |
| EP1742938A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2007-01-17 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Preparation of candesartan cilexetil in high purity |
| WO2010046804A2 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-29 | Alembic Limited | A process for preparation of losartan potassium form i |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5138069A (en) * | 1986-07-11 | 1992-08-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Angiotensin II receptor blocking imidazoles |
| KR100212257B1 (ko) * | 1991-11-18 | 1999-08-02 | 미리암 디. 메코나헤이 | Aii 수용체 길항물질을 합성하기 위한 테트라졸릴페닐보론산 중간체의 제조 방법 |
| PT937068E (pt) * | 1996-10-29 | 2002-07-31 | Merck & Co Inc | Processo para a cristalizacao de losartan |
| HU222773B1 (hu) * | 2000-04-21 | 2003-10-28 | Richter Gedeon Vegyészeti Gyár Rt. | Eljárás egy ismert tetrazolszármazék előállítására |
-
2001
- 2001-11-20 SI SI200120042A patent/SI21236A/sl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-20 JP JP2002591489A patent/JP2004520446A/ja active Pending
- 2001-11-20 SK SK72-2003A patent/SK722003A3/sk unknown
- 2001-11-20 EP EP01274254A patent/EP1294712A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-20 WO PCT/IN2001/000205 patent/WO2002094816A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-01-17 BG BG107478A patent/BG107478A/bg unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02094816A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BG107478A (bg) | 2004-01-30 |
| SK722003A3 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
| WO2002094816A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
| JP2004520446A (ja) | 2004-07-08 |
| SI21236A (sl) | 2003-12-31 |
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