EP1287302B1 - Multistoreyed bath condenser - Google Patents

Multistoreyed bath condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1287302B1
EP1287302B1 EP01936414A EP01936414A EP1287302B1 EP 1287302 B1 EP1287302 B1 EP 1287302B1 EP 01936414 A EP01936414 A EP 01936414A EP 01936414 A EP01936414 A EP 01936414A EP 1287302 B1 EP1287302 B1 EP 1287302B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
condenser
bath
passages
condenser according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01936414A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1287302A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Heinrich Schweigert
Alfred Dr Wanner
Thomas Hecht
Manfred Sotzek
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication of EP1287302A1 publication Critical patent/EP1287302A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/10—Boiler-condenser with superposed stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bath condenser with a cuboid Kandensatorblock having evaporation passages for a liquid and liquefaction passages for a heating medium and at least two superposed circulation sections, wherein the evaporation passages at the lower end of a circulation section at least one inlet opening for the liquid and at the upper end of each Circulation section have at least one outlet opening and means are provided for guiding fluid from an outlet opening of a circulation section to an inlet opening of the underlying circulation section.
  • Such a bath condenser is known, for example, from FR-A-2 064 065.
  • liquid oxygen from the low-pressure column is vaporized against gaseous nitrogen from the pressure column in indirect heat exchange in a heat exchanger, the nitrogen condensing.
  • the heat exchanger is realized essentially in two different basic forms.
  • the liquid to be evaporated is introduced at the top into the evaporation passages via a distribution system, which simultaneously forms a gas seal.
  • the liquid runs as a liquid film over the heating surface down, whereby it partially evaporates.
  • the resulting gas and the non-evaporated residual liquid exit below from the falling film evaporator.
  • the liquid collects in the collecting space arranged under the condenser, while the gas portion is passed on.
  • the condenser block is in the liquid bath from which the liquid is to be evaporated.
  • the liquid enters the evaporation passages of the condenser block from below and is partially vaporized against the heating medium flowing through the liquefaction passages.
  • the density of the evaporating in the evaporation passages medium is less than the density of the surrounding liquid bath, whereby a siphon effect arises, so that liquid flows from the liquid bath in the evaporation passages.
  • the greater the immersion depth of the condenser block in the liquid bath the more higher is the average hydrostatic pressure in the evaporation passages and the worse the liquid evaporates, since the boiling temperature of the liquid increases in accordance with the vapor pressure curve.
  • the efficiency of a bath condenser can therefore be increased by dividing the condenser block into a plurality of superimposed sections, referred to below as circulation sections.
  • circulation sections The advantage of such an arrangement is that the immersion depth is smaller in each case with several circulating sections than with a single high condenser block.
  • the hydrostatic pressure in the evaporation passages is lower and the liquid can evaporate more easily.
  • liquid flows from below into the evaporation passages and exits again as a liquid-gas mixture at the upper end of the circulation section on the side of the condenser block opposite the entry side.
  • the leaking liquid is led around via lines around the condenser block and flows back into the liquid reservoir.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to develop a compact multi-storey bath condenser.
  • the bath condenser consists of at least two circulating sections arranged one above the other, each of which is supplied with liquid from its own liquid reservoir. Due to the vertical subdivision of the bath condenser, the liquid level in the liquid reservoirs of the respective circulation sections can be significantly reduced compared to the liquid level in the case of a single, continuous condenser block.
  • the liquid content in the liquid-gas mixture emerging from the passages flows back to the inlet openings of this circulation section, on the other hand, depending on the liquid level in the liquid reservoir of the circulation section, to the inlet openings of the underlying circulation section, in turn there to be overturned over the evaporation passages ,
  • outlet and inlet openings, between which liquid flows, are all arranged on the same side of the condenser block in the bath condenser according to the invention. It is therefore no costly piping necessary to repeatedly overturn the liquid within a circulation section or to forward it to an adjacent circulation section.
  • the condenser block Preferably, at most two sides of the condenser block are provided with inlet and / or outlet openings.
  • the inlet and outlet openings which are located on different sides of the condenser block, liquid side not connected to each other outside the condenser block, ie, liquid, which exits an outlet opening on one side of the condenser block, can not flow into an inlet opening on the other side of the capacitor block is located.
  • an exchange of liquid between the evaporation passages is possible to a small extent, since the corrugated sheets, which separate the individual evaporation passages from each other, are often perforated.
  • the condenser block has two parallel groups of evaporation passages, between which no liquid is exchanged.
  • the liquid emerging from the outlet openings of one side is conducted exclusively into evaporation passages whose inlet openings are likewise located on this side.
  • inlet and outlet openings to the evaporation passages are located on two opposite sides of the condenser block. It is particularly favorable in this case if the capacitor block is constructed mirror-symmetrically to the median plane between these two sides.
  • the flow connection between the inlet and outlet openings and the evaporation passages is made by horizontally or obliquely running channels.
  • the condenser block is constructed of several stacked, corrugated fins, which are each limited by flat dividers against each other. The lamellae and separating plates thereby form the liquefaction and evaporation passages.
  • the corrugated fins are arranged obliquely, so that the fluid flowing in the vertically extending evaporation passages is deflected to the inlet or outlet openings located in a side wall of the condenser block.
  • the side of a circulation section in which inlet and / or outlet openings are provided with a collector the one Has liquid supply and a gas discharge.
  • a circulation section usually has rectangular side walls.
  • the collector covers at least the inlet and outlet openings of the side wall of the circulation section, but preferably the entire side wall of the circulation section.
  • the bath condenser is bounded in this variant laterally through the side walls of the condenser block or on the sides on which inlet and / or outlet openings, through the outer walls of the collector.
  • the collector is divided at the border of two circulating sections in each case in floors, wherein two adjacent floors are connected to each other via a liquid and a gas line on the flow side.
  • the over the height of several circulation sections preferably over the entire height of the condenser block extending collector is divided according to the circulation sections in floors.
  • the delimitation of the floors against each other is preferably through flat sheets or cranked floors.
  • the transport of liquid from one floor to the floor below is advantageously ensured by means of an overflow pipe.
  • the bottom of a collector's floor is penetrated by an overflow pipe, the opening of which lies above the floor.
  • the flowing from the circulation section in this floor liquid collects at the bottom of the floor and only then flows into the underlying floor from when the liquid level has reached the height of the opening of the overflow pipe. At lower liquid levels, the liquid is thrown over only in the upper of the two floors.
  • a floor Due to the division of the collector into several floors a floor is essentially only flows through the gas which has been evaporated in the associated circulation section.
  • the gas velocities in a floor are therefore relatively low, in particular significantly lower than a bath condenser, in which no separation of Collection areas for the gas is present. In this way, the risk that so much liquid is entrained with the vaporized gas that the liquid level below the opening for flow communication to the adjacent floor, for example, below the inlet edge of an overflow pipe, decreases avoided.
  • the risk of entrainment of liquid can advantageously be further reduced by the fact that the inlet is located in the gas line of a floor above the outlet opening of the evaporation passages of the floor.
  • the gas vaporized in the circulation section must rise a certain distance before it enters the gas line, through which it is discharged from the floor.
  • the volume between the outlet opening from the circulation section and the inlet into the gas line serves as an additional separation space in which liquid entrained with the gas separates from the gas flow.
  • the construction work for the collector can be kept low, that the collector in a plane perpendicular to the liquefaction and evaporation passages has a semi-circular or semi-elliptical cross-section, i.
  • a semicircular curved sheet metal is realized, which is connected to the two edges of the condenser block side, which is provided with the inlet and outlet openings.
  • the liquid or gas lines which connect two floors or divert gas from a floor, preferably run inside the collector. Particularly preferably, both the liquid and the gas line are housed within the collector.
  • the bath condenser remains extremely compact and is limited to the outside only by the outer walls of the condenser block and the collector. Laterally outside these boundaries run over a large part of the body of the bath condenser no lines. Only at least one inlet and one outlet for the fluid to be evaporated and the fluid to be condensed are of course necessary. These occur preferably at the upper and lower end side of the bath condenser.
  • a gas line is provided which extends through all floors and has a gas inlet in each floor.
  • the bath condenser according to the invention can be used advantageously in particular as the main condenser of a cryogenic air separation plant.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two sections through a bath condenser according to the invention, which is used as the main condenser of a double column of an air separation plant.
  • the main Koridensator can be arranged either in the low pressure column of the double column or, preferably, stand outside the double column.
  • 1 shows a section along the line B - B in Figure 2
  • Figure 2 is a section along the line A - A of Figure 1.
  • the bath condenser consists of a condenser block 1, which includes a plurality of parallel heat exchange passages 2, 8, in which gaseous nitrogen is condensed in the heat exchange with liquid oxygen, whereby the oxygen evaporates.
  • the nitrogen passages 2 extend over the entire height of the condenser block 1. Gaseous nitrogen is supplied via a feed line 4 to the nitrogen passages 2 and withdrawn as liquid at the lower end of the block 1 via line 5. The distribution of gaseous nitrogen on the nitrogen passages 2 via a connected to the condenser block 1 collector / manifold 6. The emerging from the heat exchange passages of the condenser block 1 liquid nitrogen is brought together in an analogous manner in the discharge line 5.
  • Each circulating section 7a-e is constructed mirror-symmetrically to the perpendicular center plane of the condenser block 1.
  • Each of these two symmetrical halves consists of heat exchange passages 8 to which passages 9, 10 extending horizontally at the upper and lower ends of a circulating section 7, which are connected to the inlet and outlet serve of liquid and gas in the oxygen passages 8.
  • the inlet and outlet passages 9, 10 of Both symmetrical halves of a circulation section 7 each end on the same side of the capacitor block. 1
  • the circulation sections 7a to 7e are all constructed identically.
  • the condenser block 1 thus has two sides each closed by a closing plate 11 and two opposite sides 12, in which there is an inlet opening 9 for liquid oxygen and an outlet opening 10 for partially circulated oxygen for each circulating section 7a-e.
  • the half-cylinder shells 13 close with the vertical edges of the cuboid capacitor block 1.
  • the two located on opposite sides of the condenser block 1, bounded by the side walls 12 and the half-cylindrical shells 13 spaces 14 are not connected to each other over the course of the height of the capacitor block 1.
  • the only connection between the two spaces 14 is above the condenser block 1, since the semi-cylindrical shells 13 are higher than the condenser block 1 and are interconnected in the area above the condenser block 1.
  • the bath condenser thus consists of a condenser block 1, to which two semi-cylindrical shells 13 adjoin on the two sides 12, as well as a head part 21a spanning the condenser block 1 and the two half-cylinder shells 13.
  • the limited by the half-cylindrical shells 13 spaces 14 are divided by sheets 16 into several floors 15 a to 15 e
  • the sheets 16 extend from the boundary between two circulation sections 7 to the arranged on this side of the condenser block 1 half-cylinder shell 13.
  • In the sheets 16 are drain holes 17, through the liquid oxygen from a floor, eg 15b, into the underlying floor, e.g. 15c, can drain.
  • Further 16 gas wells 18 are connected to the sheets, ranging from a metal sheet 16 to just below the overlying sheet 16.
  • the gas wells 18 are arranged in a line and thus practically form a common gas manifold, but between the upper end of each Gas shaft 18 and the overlying sheet 16 a gap 19 remains, which allows the entry of gas from the respective floor 15 in the gas manifold.
  • the sheets 16 extend at least partially rising upward, so that the annular gap 19 is above the outlet openings 10 of the respective floor 15.
  • the sheets 16 are folded twice at right angles, so that between two sheets 16, a floor 15 is formed, which consists of two interconnected spaces 20, 21
  • the space 20c is located at the level of the associated circulation section 7c and serves as a liquid reservoir.
  • the second space 21c is almost at the same height as the next higher circulation section 7b and forms a kind of liquid reservoir 20c a laterally and upwardly offset additional pocket.
  • liquid oxygen is introduced into the two uppermost levels 15a via line 22.
  • the oxygen initially accumulates in the reservoir 20a, enters the oxygen passages 8 via the inlet passages 9, is partially vaporized with nitrogen in the indirect heat exchange, and leaves the condenser block 1 as a liquid-gas mixture via the outlet passages 10 to collect again in the reservoir 20 a.
  • liquid oxygen can flow via the connecting gap into the second space 21a serving as a separation space.
  • the separation chamber 21a has in its bottom drainage openings 17, can flow through the excess liquid oxygen from the floor 15a in the underlying floor 15b.
  • the drain openings 17 of two adjacent floors 15 are offset from each other, so that, for example, from the floor 15b dripping oxygen does not flow directly into the floor 15 d, but initially remains in the floor 15c.
  • the drain openings 17 are preferably arranged at least as high as the outlet openings 10 of the associated floor 15 are located. It has proven to be advantageous to dive the individual circulation sections 7 of the bath condenser at least as far in the liquid bath that the liquid level in the reservoir 20 at least just below the lower edge of the outlet openings 10 lies. As a result, a total evaporation is excluded in the evaporation passages 8 and prevents a transfer of the passages 8 by high-boiling components
  • the oxygen gas is deflected several times before it is discharged from a floor 15. In these deflections, the flow rate of the gaseous oxygen is lowered so much that this entrains little or no liquid oxygen. In the separation chamber 21, therefore, a very good liquid-gas separation is achieved.
  • the rising through the gas wells 18 oxygen gas is discharged at the upper end of the bath condenser via a not visible in the drawings oxygen discharge line.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a variant of the bath condenser according to the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the capacitor explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2 substantially in that the two half-cylinder shells 13 have no flow connection with each other.
  • the half cylinder shells 13 close with the two open sides 12 of the condenser block 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the bath condenser according to the invention, in which the oxygen passages 8 have inlet and outlet openings 9, 10 on only one side of the condenser block 1.
  • the nitrogen passages not shown correspond to the passages 2 in Figure 2 and also extend over the entire height of the capacitor block.
  • the serving as a heat carrier to be condensed nitrogen gas is distributed via a collector / distributor 6 in the nitrogen passages and merged at the bottom of the condenser block 1 in a collector 5 as a liquid and withdrawn.
  • the condenser block 1 is divided into five circulation sections 7a-e, each having an inlet and an outlet region 9, 10 with horizontally extending fins and the actual heat exchange region 8 with vertical channels. All inlet openings 9 and the outlet openings 10 lie on the same side of the condenser block. 1
  • liquid reservoir 20 and separation chambers 21 are provided on the open side 12 of the condenser block 1 .
  • the liquid flow between the floors 15 via overflow pipes 30.
  • the upper edge of the overflow pipes 30 is at a level with the upper edge of the associated circulation section 7. This has the consequence that the oxygen passages 8 and the corresponding inlet and outlet passages 9, 10 are always complete in the liquid bath.
  • the evaporation passages 8 are always filled with liquid, whereby a passage of the passages 8 is prevented by high-boiling components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Moving Of Head For Track Selection And Changing (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Fluid guidance (17) connects only outlet openings (10) and inlet openings (9) on the same side of the condenser block (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Badkondensator mit einem quaderförmigen Kandensatorblock, der Verdampfungspassagen für eine Flüssigkeit und Verflüssigungspassagen für ein Heizmedium besitzt und mindestens zwei übereinander angeordnete Umlaufabschnitte aufweist, wobei die Verdampfungspassagen jeweils am unteren Ende eines Umlaufabschnittes mindestens eine Eintrittsöffnung für die Flüssigkeit und jeweils am oberen Ende eines Umlaufabschnittes mindestens eine Austrittsöffnung besitzen und Mittel zum Führen von Flüssigkeit von einer Austrittsöffnung eines Umlaufabschnittes zu einer Eintrittsöffnung des darunterliegenden Umlaufabschnittes vorgesehen sind.The invention relates to a bath condenser with a cuboid Kandensatorblock having evaporation passages for a liquid and liquefaction passages for a heating medium and at least two superposed circulation sections, wherein the evaporation passages at the lower end of a circulation section at least one inlet opening for the liquid and at the upper end of each Circulation section have at least one outlet opening and means are provided for guiding fluid from an outlet opening of a circulation section to an inlet opening of the underlying circulation section.

Ein derartiges Badkondensator ist, zum Beispiel, aus der FR-A-2 064 065 bekannt.Such a bath condenser is known, for example, from FR-A-2 064 065.

Bei einer Tieftemperaturluftzerlegungsanlage mit einer Drucksäule und einer Niederdrucksäule wird flüssiger Sauerstoff aus der Niederdrucksäule gegen gasförmigen Stickstoff aus der Drucksäule in indirektem Wärmeaustausch in einem Wärmetauscher verdampft, wobei der Stickstoff kondensiert.In a cryogenic air separation plant with a pressure column and a low-pressure column, liquid oxygen from the low-pressure column is vaporized against gaseous nitrogen from the pressure column in indirect heat exchange in a heat exchanger, the nitrogen condensing.

Der Wärmetauscher wird im wesentlichen in zwei verschiedenen Grundformen realisiert. Bei einem Fallfilmverdampfer wird die zu verdampfende Flüssigkeit über ein Verteilsystem, welches gleichzeitig einen Gasverschluß bildet, oben in die Verdampfungspassagen eingeleitet. Die Flüssigkeit läuft als Flüssigkeitsfilm über die Heizfläche nach unten, wobei sie teilweise verdampft. Das entstehende Gas und die nicht verdampfte Restflüssigkeit treten unten aus dem Fallfilmverdampfer aus. Die Flüssigkeit sammelt sich in dem unter dem Kondensator angeordneten Sammelraum, während der Gasanteil weitergeleitet wird.The heat exchanger is realized essentially in two different basic forms. In a falling-film evaporator, the liquid to be evaporated is introduced at the top into the evaporation passages via a distribution system, which simultaneously forms a gas seal. The liquid runs as a liquid film over the heating surface down, whereby it partially evaporates. The resulting gas and the non-evaporated residual liquid exit below from the falling film evaporator. The liquid collects in the collecting space arranged under the condenser, while the gas portion is passed on.

Bei einem Badkondensator steht dagegen der Kondensatorblock in dem Flüssigkeitsbad, aus dem Flüssigkeit verdampft werden soll. Die Flüssigkeit tritt von unten in die Verdampfungspassagen des Kondensatorblockes ein und wird teilweise gegen das durch die Verflüssigungspassagen strömende Heizmedium verdampft. Die Dichte des in den Verdampfungspassagen verdampfenden Mediums ist geringer als die Dichte des umgebenden Flüssigkeitsbades, wodurch eine Siphonwirkung entsteht, so daß Flüssigkeit aus dem Flüssigkeitsbad in die Verdampfungspassagen nachströmt. Je größer die Eintauchtiefe des Kondensatorblockes in dem Flüssigkeitsbad ist, desto höher wird der mittlere hydrostatische Druck in den Verdampfungspassagen und desto schlechter verdampft die Flüssigkeit, da die Siedetemperatur der Flüssigkeit entsprechend der Dampfdruckkurve ansteigt.In the case of a bath condenser, on the other hand, the condenser block is in the liquid bath from which the liquid is to be evaporated. The liquid enters the evaporation passages of the condenser block from below and is partially vaporized against the heating medium flowing through the liquefaction passages. The density of the evaporating in the evaporation passages medium is less than the density of the surrounding liquid bath, whereby a siphon effect arises, so that liquid flows from the liquid bath in the evaporation passages. The greater the immersion depth of the condenser block in the liquid bath, the more higher is the average hydrostatic pressure in the evaporation passages and the worse the liquid evaporates, since the boiling temperature of the liquid increases in accordance with the vapor pressure curve.

Der Wirkungsgrad eines Badkondensators kann daher durch Unterteilung des Kondensatorblocks in mehrere übereinander angeordnete Abschnitte, im folgenden Umlaufabschnitte genannt, erhöht werden. Der Vorteil einer derartigen Anordnung liegt darin, daß die Eintauchtiefe bei mehreren Umlaufabschnitten jeweils kleiner ist als bei einem einzigen hohen Kondensatorblock. Damit wird der hydrostatische Druck in den Verdampfungspassagen geringer und die Flüssigkeit kann leichter verdampfen.The efficiency of a bath condenser can therefore be increased by dividing the condenser block into a plurality of superimposed sections, referred to below as circulation sections. The advantage of such an arrangement is that the immersion depth is smaller in each case with several circulating sections than with a single high condenser block. Thus, the hydrostatic pressure in the evaporation passages is lower and the liquid can evaporate more easily.

Aus der deutschen Patentanmeldung 199 39 294 ist ein mehrstöckiger Badkondensator bekannt, bei dem zwei Kondensatorblöcke parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und bei dem sich zwischen den Blöcken für jedes Stockwerk Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter für die zu verdampfende Flüssigkeit befinden. Die Verdampfungspassagen sind in vertikaler Richtung in mehrere Stockwerke unterteilt, die jeweils einen eigenen Umlaufabschnitt bilden. Die Eintauchtiefe wird so relativ klein gehalten.From the German patent application 199 39 294 a multi-storey bath condenser is known, in which two capacitor blocks are arranged parallel to each other and in which are located between the blocks for each floor liquid reservoir for the liquid to be evaporated. The evaporation passages are divided in a vertical direction into several floors, each forming its own circulation section. The immersion depth is kept relatively small.

In den einzelnen Umlaufabschnitten strömt Flüssigkeit von unten in die Verdampfungspassagen ein und tritt als Flüssigkeit-Gas-Gemisch am oberen Ende des Umlaufabschnittes auf der der Eintrittsseite gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kondensatorblocks wieder aus. Die austretende Flüssigkeit wird über Leitungen um den Kondensatorblock herumgeführt und fließt wieder in den Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter zurück. Nachteilig bei dieser Anordnung sind die aufwendige Verrohrung und der hohe Platzbedarf, der sich aufgrund der zwei parallelen Kondensatorblöcke und der notwendigen Verrohrung ergibt.In the individual circulation sections, liquid flows from below into the evaporation passages and exits again as a liquid-gas mixture at the upper end of the circulation section on the side of the condenser block opposite the entry side. The leaking liquid is led around via lines around the condenser block and flows back into the liquid reservoir. A disadvantage of this arrangement, the complex piping and the high space requirement, resulting from the two parallel capacitor blocks and the necessary piping.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, einen kompakten mehrstöckigen Badkondensator zu entwickeln.Object of the present invention is therefore to develop a compact multi-storey bath condenser.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Badkondensator der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, bei dem die Mittel zum Führen von Flüssigkeit nur Austrittsöffnungen und Eintrittsöffnungen verbinden, die sich auf derselben Seite des Kondensatorblocks befinden.This object is achieved by a bath condenser of the type mentioned, in which connect the means for guiding fluid only outlet openings and inlet openings, which are located on the same side of the condenser block.

Erfindungsgemäß besteht der Badkondensator aus mindestens zwei übereinander angeordneten Umlaufabschnitten, die jeweils aus einem eigenen Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter mit Flüssigkeit gespeist werden. Durch die vertikale Unterteilung des Badkondensators kann der Flüssigkeitsstand in den Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehältern der jeweiligen Umlaufabschnitte gegenüber dem Flüssigkeitsstand bei einem einzigen, durchgehenden Kondensatorblock deutlich reduziert werden.According to the invention, the bath condenser consists of at least two circulating sections arranged one above the other, each of which is supplied with liquid from its own liquid reservoir. Due to the vertical subdivision of the bath condenser, the liquid level in the liquid reservoirs of the respective circulation sections can be significantly reduced compared to the liquid level in the case of a single, continuous condenser block.

Die Flüssigkeit tritt über am unteren Ende eines Umlaufabschnittes befindliche Eintrittsöffnungen in die Verdampfungspassagen ein, strömt nach oben, verdampft teilweise und verläßt die Passagen am oberen Ende des Umlaufabschnittes über geeignete Austrittsöffnungen. Der Flüssiganteil in dem aus den Passagen austretenden Flüssigkeit-Gas-Gemisch strömt zum einen zurück zu den Eintrittsöffnungen dieses Umlaufabschnittes, zum anderen, abhängig vom Flüssigkeitsstand im Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter des Umlaufabschnittes, zu den Eintrittsöffnungen des darunterliegenden Umlaufabschnittes, um dort wiederum über die Verdampfungspassagen umgeworfen zu werden.The liquid enters the evaporation passages via inlet openings located at the lower end of a circulation section, flows upwards, partially evaporates and leaves the passages at the upper end of the circulation section via suitable outlet openings. The liquid content in the liquid-gas mixture emerging from the passages flows back to the inlet openings of this circulation section, on the other hand, depending on the liquid level in the liquid reservoir of the circulation section, to the inlet openings of the underlying circulation section, in turn there to be overturned over the evaporation passages ,

Die Austritts- und Eintrittsöffnungen, zwischen denen Flüssigkeit fließt, sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Badkondensator alle auf derselben Seite des Kondensatorblocks angeordnet. Es ist daher keine aufwendige Verrohrung notwendig, um die Flüssigkeit innerhalb eines Umlaufabschnittes mehrfach umzuwerfen oder um sie einem benachbarten Umlaufabschnitt zuzuleiten.The outlet and inlet openings, between which liquid flows, are all arranged on the same side of the condenser block in the bath condenser according to the invention. It is therefore no costly piping necessary to repeatedly overturn the liquid within a circulation section or to forward it to an adjacent circulation section.

Vorzugsweise sind höchstens zwei Seiten des Kondensatorblocks mit Eintritts- und / oder Austrittsöffnungen versehen. Erfindungsgemäß sind jedoch die Eintritts- und Austrittsöffnungen, die sich auf unterschiedlichen Seiten des Kondensatorblocks befinden, außerhalb des Kondensatorblocks flüssigkeitsseitig nicht miteinander verbunden, d.h. Flüssigkeit, die aus einer Austrittsöffnung auf der einen Seite des Kondensatorblocks austritt, kann nicht in eine Eintrittsöffnung fließen, die auf der anderen Seite des Kondensatorblocks liegt. Innerhalb des Kondensatorblocks ist jedoch prinzipiell ein Austausch von Flüssigkeit zwischen den Verdampfungspassagen in geringem Maße möglich, da die gewellten Bleche, die die einzelnen Verdampfungspassagen voneinander trennen, häufig perforiert sind. Sind auf zwei Seiten des Kondensatorblocks Ein- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen vorhanden, so besitzt der Kondensatorblock zwei parallele Gruppen von Verdampfungspassagen, zwischen denen keine Flüssigkeit ausgetauscht wird. Die aus den Austrittsöffnungen einer Seite austretende Flüssigkeit wird ausschließlich in Verdampfungspassagen geleitet, deren Eintrittsöffnungen sich ebenfalls auf dieser Seite befinden.Preferably, at most two sides of the condenser block are provided with inlet and / or outlet openings. According to the invention, however, the inlet and outlet openings, which are located on different sides of the condenser block, liquid side not connected to each other outside the condenser block, ie, liquid, which exits an outlet opening on one side of the condenser block, can not flow into an inlet opening on the other side of the capacitor block is located. Within the condenser block, however, in principle, an exchange of liquid between the evaporation passages is possible to a small extent, since the corrugated sheets, which separate the individual evaporation passages from each other, are often perforated. Are on two Side of the condenser block Inlet or outlet openings are present, the condenser block has two parallel groups of evaporation passages, between which no liquid is exchanged. The liquid emerging from the outlet openings of one side is conducted exclusively into evaporation passages whose inlet openings are likewise located on this side.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform befinden sich auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kondensatorblocks jeweils Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen zu den Verdampfungspassagen. Besonders günstig ist es in diesem Fall, wenn der Kondensatorblock spiegelsymmetrisch zur Mittelebene zwischen diesen beiden Seiten aufgebaut ist.In a particularly preferred embodiment, inlet and outlet openings to the evaporation passages are located on two opposite sides of the condenser block. It is particularly favorable in this case if the capacitor block is constructed mirror-symmetrically to the median plane between these two sides.

Eine noch kompaktere Ausführung des Badkondensators läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß sich alle Eintritts- und Austrittsöffnungen auf derselben Seite des Wärmetauschers befinden. Leitungen zur Verbindung der Ein- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen miteinander sind nur auf einer Außenseite des Kondensatorblocks notwendig. Die anderen drei seitlichen Begrenzungen des Badkondensators werden durch die Außenwände des Kondensatorblocks gebildet. Sofern sich aus dem Zusammenhang nichts anderes ergibt, beziehen sich die Angaben "oben", "unten" und "seitlich" jeweils auf die beim Betrieb des Badkondensators vorliegende Ausrichtung des Kondensators, bei der die einzelnen Umlaufabschnitte im wesentlichen vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind.An even more compact design of the bath condenser can be achieved in that all inlet and outlet openings are located on the same side of the heat exchanger. Lines for connecting the inlet and outlet openings with each other are necessary only on an outer side of the condenser block. The other three lateral boundaries of the bath condenser are formed by the outer walls of the condenser block. Unless otherwise clear from the context, the statements "top", "bottom" and "side" respectively refer to the orientation of the condenser present during operation of the bath condenser, in which the individual circulating sections are arranged substantially vertically one above the other.

Vorzugsweise wird die Strömungsverbindung zwischen den Eintritts- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen und den Verdampfungspassagen durch horizontal oder schräg verlaufende Kanäle hergestellt. Der Kondensatorblock wird aus mehreren übereinander gestapelten, gewellten Lamellen aufgebaut, die jeweils durch ebene Trennbleche gegeneinander begrenzt sind. Die Lamellen und Trennbleche bilden dabei die Verflüssigungs- und Verdampfungspassagen. Im Bereich der Ein- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen zu den Verdampfungspassagen werden die gewellten Lamellen schräg angeordnet, so daß das in den senkrecht verlaufenden Verdampfungspassagen strömende Fluid zu den in einer Seitenwand des Kondensatorblocks befindlichen Ein- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen umgelenkt wird.Preferably, the flow connection between the inlet and outlet openings and the evaporation passages is made by horizontally or obliquely running channels. The condenser block is constructed of several stacked, corrugated fins, which are each limited by flat dividers against each other. The lamellae and separating plates thereby form the liquefaction and evaporation passages. In the region of the inlet and outlet openings to the evaporation passages, the corrugated fins are arranged obliquely, so that the fluid flowing in the vertically extending evaporation passages is deflected to the inlet or outlet openings located in a side wall of the condenser block.

Von Vorteil ist die Seite eines Umlaufabschnittes, in der sich Ein- und / oder Austrittsöffnungen befinden, mit einem Sammler versehen, der eine Flüssigkeitszuleitung und einer Gasableitung besitzt. Ein Umlaufabschnitt besitzt in der Regel rechteckförmige Seitenwände. Der Sammler deckt zumindest die Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen der Seitenwand des Umlaufabschnittes ab, bevorzugt jedoch die gesamte Seitenwand des Umlaufabschnittes. Durch die Wände des Sammlers und die Seitenwand des Umlaufabschnittes wird so ein gegen die Umgebung abgeschirmtes, bis auf die hierfür vorgesehenen Zu- und Ableitungen gas- und flüssigkeitsdichtes Volumen gebildet.Advantageously, the side of a circulation section in which inlet and / or outlet openings are provided with a collector, the one Has liquid supply and a gas discharge. A circulation section usually has rectangular side walls. The collector covers at least the inlet and outlet openings of the side wall of the circulation section, but preferably the entire side wall of the circulation section. As a result of the walls of the collector and the side wall of the circulation section, a gas-tight and liquid-tight volume is formed which is shielded from the environment and provided with the supply and discharge lines provided for this purpose.

Der Badkondensator wird bei dieser Variante seitlich durch die Seitenwände des Kondensatorblockes bzw. auf den Seiten, auf denen sich Ein- und / oder Austrittsöffnungen befinden, durch die Außenwände der Sammler begrenzt. Es ist keine separater Behälter um den Badkondensator notwendig, wodurch der Kondensator äußerst kompakt wird. Hierdurch wird das Material für die Behälterwand eingespart und die Gesamtlänge der zur Herstellung nötigen Schweißnähte deutlich verringert, wodurch die Produktion vereinfacht wird. Zudem können für die Sammler geringere Wandstärken gewählt werden als für die ansonsten notwendige Behälterwand, da die Durchmesser der Sammler nicht so groß ausgeführt werden müssen wie die eines Behälters um den Kondensatorblock. Dies bringt eine deutliche Kostenerspamis.The bath condenser is bounded in this variant laterally through the side walls of the condenser block or on the sides on which inlet and / or outlet openings, through the outer walls of the collector. There is no need for separate containers around the bath condenser, making the condenser extremely compact. As a result, the material is saved for the container wall and the total length of the necessary for the production of welds significantly reduced, whereby the production is simplified. In addition, smaller wall thicknesses can be selected for the collector than for the otherwise necessary container wall, since the diameter of the collector does not have to be made as large as that of a container around the condenser block. This brings a significant Kostenerspamis.

Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, die Seiten von mehreren Umlaufabschnitten, insbesondere die gesamte Seite des Kondensatorblocks, in der sich Ein- und / oder Austrittsöffnungen befinden, mit einem Sammler abzudecken, der mit einer Flüssigkeitszuleitung und einer Gasableitung versehen ist In diesem Sammler ist für jeden Umlaufabschnitt ein geeigneter Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter vorgesehen. Ferner sind in dem Sammler oder an dem Sammler Leitungen oder Öffnungen zur Zu- und Abführung von Flüssigkeit und/oder Gas in und aus dem Umlaufabschnitt vorhanden.It has been found to be particularly advantageous to cover the sides of several circulating sections, in particular the entire side of the condenser block, in which inlet and / or outlet openings, with a collector, which is provided with a liquid supply and a gas discharge in this collector a suitable liquid reservoir is provided for each circulation section. Further, in the collector or at the collector lines or openings for supply and discharge of liquid and / or gas in and out of the circulation section available.

Vorzugsweise ist der Sammler an der Grenze zweier Umlaufabschnitte jeweils in Etagen unterteilt ist, wobei zwei benachbarte Etagen über eine Flüssigkeits- und eine Gasleitung strömungsseitig miteinander verbunden sind. Der sich über die Höhe von mehreren Umlaufabschnitten, bevorzugt über die gesamte Höhe des Kondensatorblocks erstreckende Sammler ist entsprechend den Umlaufabschnitten in Etagen unterteilt. Die Abgrenzung der Etagen gegeneinander erfolgt vorzugsweise durch ebene Bleche oder gekröpfte Böden. Insbesondere ist es günstig, wenn die Abgrenzung der einzelnen Etagen gegeneinander bis auf speziell hierfür vorgesehene Strömungsverbindungen gas- und flüssigkeitsdicht erfolgt, so daß das Volumen einer Etage als Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter für den angrenzenden Umlaufabschnitt dienen kann.Preferably, the collector is divided at the border of two circulating sections in each case in floors, wherein two adjacent floors are connected to each other via a liquid and a gas line on the flow side. The over the height of several circulation sections, preferably over the entire height of the condenser block extending collector is divided according to the circulation sections in floors. The delimitation of the floors against each other is preferably through flat sheets or cranked floors. In particular, it is advantageous if the delimitation of the individual floors against each other gas-tight and liquid-tight except for specially provided flow connections, so that the volume of a floor can serve as a liquid reservoir for the adjacent circulation section.

Der Flüssigkeitstransport von einer Etage zu der darunter liegenden Etage wird von Vorteil über ein Überlaufrohr sichergestellt. Der Boden einer Etage des Sammlers wird von einem Überlaufrohr durchsetzt, dessen Öffnung oberhalb des Bodens liegt. Die aus dem Umlaufabschnitt in diese Etage einströmende Flüssigkeit sammelt sich am Boden der Etage und fließt erst dann in die darunter befindliche Etage ab, wenn der Flüssigkeitsstand die Höhe der Öffnung des Überlaufrohres erreicht hat. Bei niedrigerem Flüssigkeitsstand wird die Flüssigkeit nur in der oberen der beiden Etagen umgeworfen.The transport of liquid from one floor to the floor below is advantageously ensured by means of an overflow pipe. The bottom of a collector's floor is penetrated by an overflow pipe, the opening of which lies above the floor. The flowing from the circulation section in this floor liquid collects at the bottom of the floor and only then flows into the underlying floor from when the liquid level has reached the height of the opening of the overflow pipe. At lower liquid levels, the liquid is thrown over only in the upper of the two floors.

Durch die Aufteilung des Sammlers in mehrere Etagen wird eine Etage im wesentlichen nur von dem Gas durchströmt, welches in dem zugeordneten Umlaufabschnitt verdampft worden ist Die Gasgeschwindigkeiten in einer Etage sind daher relativ gering, insbesondere deutlich geringer als bei einem Badkondensator, bei dem keine Trennung der Sammelbereiche für das Gas vorhanden ist. Auf diese Weise wird die Gefahr, daß mit dem verdampften Gas so viel Flüssigkeit mitgerissen wird, daß der Flüssigkeitsstand unter die Öffnung zur Strömungsverbindung zur benachbarten Etage, beispielsweise unter die Einlaufkante eines Überlaufrohres, absinkt, vermieden.Due to the division of the collector into several floors a floor is essentially only flows through the gas which has been evaporated in the associated circulation section. The gas velocities in a floor are therefore relatively low, in particular significantly lower than a bath condenser, in which no separation of Collection areas for the gas is present. In this way, the risk that so much liquid is entrained with the vaporized gas that the liquid level below the opening for flow communication to the adjacent floor, for example, below the inlet edge of an overflow pipe, decreases avoided.

Die Gefahr des Mitreißens von Flüssigkeit kann vorteilhaft dadurch weiter reduziert werden, daß sich der Einlaß in die Gasleitung einer Etage oberhalb der Austrittsöffnung der Verdampfungspassagen der Etage befindet. Das in dem Umlaufabschnitt verdampfte Gas muß, bevor es in die Gasleitung eintritt, durch die es aus der Etage abgeführt wird, eine bestimmte Strecke aufsteigen. Das Volumen zwischen der Austrittsöffnung aus dem Umlaufabschnitt und dem Einlaß in die Gasleitung dient als zusätzlicher Abscheideraum, in dem sich mit dem Gas mitgerissene Flüssigkeit aus dem Gasstrom abscheidet.The risk of entrainment of liquid can advantageously be further reduced by the fact that the inlet is located in the gas line of a floor above the outlet opening of the evaporation passages of the floor. The gas vaporized in the circulation section must rise a certain distance before it enters the gas line, through which it is discharged from the floor. The volume between the outlet opening from the circulation section and the inlet into the gas line serves as an additional separation space in which liquid entrained with the gas separates from the gas flow.

Es hat sich auch als günstig erwiesen, den Gaseinlaß der Gasleitung auf der der Austrittsöffnung der Verdampfungspassagen abgewandten Seite vorzusehen. Das aus der Austrittsöffnung austretende Gas wird dann in der Etage umgelenkt, bevor es in die Gasleitung eintritt, wodurch die Flüssigkeit ebenfalls leichter vom Gasstrom getrennt wird.It has also proven to be favorable to provide the gas inlet of the gas line on the side facing away from the outlet opening of the evaporation passages. The gas exiting the exit orifice is then diverted in the floor before entering the gas line, thereby also making the liquid more easily separated from the gas stream.

Der bauliche Aufwand für den Sammler kann dadurch niedrig gehalten werden, daß der Sammler in einer Ebene senkrecht zu den Verflüssigungs- und Verdampfungspassagen einen halbkreisförmigen oder halbelliptischen Querschnitt besitzt, d.h. beispielsweise durch ein halbkreisförmig gebogenes Blech realisiert wird, welches mit den beiden Kanten der Kondensatorblockseite verbunden wird, die mit den Ein- bzw. Austrittsöffnungen versehen ist.The construction work for the collector can be kept low, that the collector in a plane perpendicular to the liquefaction and evaporation passages has a semi-circular or semi-elliptical cross-section, i. For example, by a semicircular curved sheet metal is realized, which is connected to the two edges of the condenser block side, which is provided with the inlet and outlet openings.

Die Flüssigkeits- oder die Gasleitungen, die zwei Etagen miteinander verbinden oder Gas aus einer Etage ableiten, verlaufen vorzugsweise innerhalb des Sammlers. Besonders bevorzugt sind sowohl die Flüssigkeits- als auch die Gasleitung innerhalb des Sammlers untergebracht. Der Badkondensator bleibt so äußerst kompakt und wird nach außen nur durch die Außenwände des Kondensatorblocks und der Sammler begrenzt. Seitlich außerhalb dieser Begrenzungen verlaufen über einen Großteil des Körpers des Badkondensators keine Leitungen. Lediglich mindestens je eine Zu- und eine Ableitung für das zu verdampfende Fluid und das zu kondensierende Fluid sind selbstverständlich notwendig. Diese treten vorzugsweise an der oberen und unteren Stirnseite des Badkondensators aus.The liquid or gas lines, which connect two floors or divert gas from a floor, preferably run inside the collector. Particularly preferably, both the liquid and the gas line are housed within the collector. The bath condenser remains extremely compact and is limited to the outside only by the outer walls of the condenser block and the collector. Laterally outside these boundaries run over a large part of the body of the bath condenser no lines. Only at least one inlet and one outlet for the fluid to be evaporated and the fluid to be condensed are of course necessary. These occur preferably at the upper and lower end side of the bath condenser.

Bevorzugt ist eine Gasleitung vorgesehen, die sich durch alle Etagen erstreckt und in jeder Etage einen Gaseinlaß besitzt.Preferably, a gas line is provided which extends through all floors and has a gas inlet in each floor.

Der erfindungsgemäße Badkondensator kann insbesondere als Hauptkondensator einer Tieftemperaturluftzerlegungsanlage vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden.The bath condenser according to the invention can be used advantageously in particular as the main condenser of a cryogenic air separation plant.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Badkondensator entlang der Linie B - B in Figur 2,
Figur 2
einen Schnitt durch denselben Badkondensator entlang der Linie A - A in Figur 1,
Figur 3
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer alternativen Ausführungsform und
Figur 4
einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
The invention and further details of the invention are explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Hereby show:
FIG. 1
a section through a bath condenser according to the invention along the line B - B in Figure 2,
FIG. 2
a section through the same bath condenser along the line A - A in Figure 1,
FIG. 3
a perspective view of an alternative embodiment and
FIG. 4
a section through a further embodiment of the invention.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen zwei Schnitte durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Badkondensator, der als Hauptkondensator einer Doppetsäule einer Luftzerlegungsanlage eingesetzt wird. Der Hauptkoridensator kann entweder in der Niederdrucksäule der Doppelsäule angeordnet werden oder, bevorzugt, außerhalb der Doppelsäule stehen. Figur 1 stellt einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B - B in Figur 2 und Figur 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A - A der Figur 1 dar. Der Badkondensator besteht aus einem Kondensatorblock 1, der eine Vielzahl von parallel verlaufenden Wärmeaustauschpassagen 2, 8 beinhaltet, in denen gasförmiger Stickstoff im Wärmeaustausch mit flüssigem Sauerstoff kondensiert wird, wobei der Sauerstoff verdampft.Figures 1 and 2 show two sections through a bath condenser according to the invention, which is used as the main condenser of a double column of an air separation plant. The main Koridensator can be arranged either in the low pressure column of the double column or, preferably, stand outside the double column. 1 shows a section along the line B - B in Figure 2 and Figure 2 is a section along the line A - A of Figure 1. The bath condenser consists of a condenser block 1, which includes a plurality of parallel heat exchange passages 2, 8, in which gaseous nitrogen is condensed in the heat exchange with liquid oxygen, whereby the oxygen evaporates.

Die Stickstoffpassagen 2 erstrecken sich über die gesamte Höhe des Kondensatorblocks 1. Gasförmiger Stickstoff wird über eine Zuleitung 4 den Stickstoffpassagen 2 zugeführt und als Flüssigkeit am unteren Ende des Blocks 1 über Leitung 5 abgezogen. Die Verteilung des gasförmigen Stickstoffs auf die Stickstoffpassagen 2 erfolgt über einen mit dem Kondensatorblock 1 verbundenen Sammler/Verteiler 6. Der aus den Wärmeaustauschpassagen des Kondensatorblocks 1 austretende flüssige Stickstoff wird in analoger Weise in die Abzugsleitung 5 zusammengeführt.The nitrogen passages 2 extend over the entire height of the condenser block 1. Gaseous nitrogen is supplied via a feed line 4 to the nitrogen passages 2 and withdrawn as liquid at the lower end of the block 1 via line 5. The distribution of gaseous nitrogen on the nitrogen passages 2 via a connected to the condenser block 1 collector / manifold 6. The emerging from the heat exchange passages of the condenser block 1 liquid nitrogen is brought together in an analogous manner in the discharge line 5.

Die Sauerstoffpassagen 8 erstrecken sich im Gegensatz zu den Stickstoffpassagen 2 nicht über die gesamte Länge des Kondensatorblocks 1, sondern sind in 5 Umlaufabschnitte 7a bis 7e unterteilt. Jeder Umlaufabschnitt 7a - e ist zur senkrecht verlaufenden Mittelebene des Kondensatorblocks 1 spiegelsymmetrisch aufgebaut Jede dieser beiden symmetrischen Hälften besteht aus Wärmeaustauschpassagen 8, an die sich am oberen und unteren Ende eines Umlaufabschnittes 7 horizontal verlaufende Passagen 9, 10 anschließen, die zur Zu- und Abführung von Flüssigkeit und Gas in die Sauerstoffpassagen 8 dienen. Die Ein- und Austrittspassagen 9, 10 der beiden symmetrischen Hälften eines Umlaufabschnittes 7 enden jeweils auf derselben Seite des Kondensatorblocks 1.The oxygen passages 8, in contrast to the nitrogen passages 2, do not extend over the entire length of the condenser block 1, but are divided into 5 circulating sections 7a to 7e. Each circulating section 7a-e is constructed mirror-symmetrically to the perpendicular center plane of the condenser block 1. Each of these two symmetrical halves consists of heat exchange passages 8 to which passages 9, 10 extending horizontally at the upper and lower ends of a circulating section 7, which are connected to the inlet and outlet serve of liquid and gas in the oxygen passages 8. The inlet and outlet passages 9, 10 of Both symmetrical halves of a circulation section 7 each end on the same side of the capacitor block. 1

Die Umlaufabschnitte 7a bis 7e sind alle identisch aufgebaut. Der Kondensatorblock 1 besitzt somit zwei jeweils durch ein Abschlußblech 11 geschlossene Seiten sowie zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten 12, in denen sich für jeden Umlaufabschnitt 7a - e je eine Eintrittsöffnung 9 für flüssigen Sauerstoff und eine Austrittsöffnung 10 für teilverdampften Sauerstoff befindet.The circulation sections 7a to 7e are all constructed identically. The condenser block 1 thus has two sides each closed by a closing plate 11 and two opposite sides 12, in which there is an inlet opening 9 for liquid oxygen and an outlet opening 10 for partially circulated oxygen for each circulating section 7a-e.

Mit den beiden mit Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen 9, 10 versehenen Seiten 12 des Kondensatorblocks 1 sind Halbzylinderschalen 13 verbunden, die die gesamten Seitenflächen 12 abdecken. Die Halbzylinderschalen 13 schließen mit den senkrechten Kanten des quaderförmigen Kondensatorblocks 1 ab. Die beiden sich auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kondensatorblocks 1 befindlichen, durch die Seitenwände 12 und die Halbzylinderschalen 13 begrenzten Räume 14 sind über den Verlauf der Höhe des Kondensatorblocks 1 nicht miteinander verbunden. Die einzige Verbindung zwischen den beiden Räumen 14 besteht oberhalb des Kondensatorblocks 1, da die Halbzylinderschalen 13 höher als der Kondensatorblock 1 sind und in dem Bereich oberhalb des Kondensatorblocks 1 miteinander verbunden sind. Der Badkondensator besteht also aus einem Kondensatorblock 1, an den sich an den beiden Seiten 12 zwei Halbzylinderschalen 13 anschließen sowie aus einem den Kondensatorblock 1 und die beiden Halbzylinderschalen 13 überspannenden Kopfteil 21a.Semi-cylindrical shells 13, which cover the entire side surfaces 12, are connected to the two sides 12 of the condenser block 1 provided with inlet and outlet openings 9, 10. The half-cylinder shells 13 close with the vertical edges of the cuboid capacitor block 1. The two located on opposite sides of the condenser block 1, bounded by the side walls 12 and the half-cylindrical shells 13 spaces 14 are not connected to each other over the course of the height of the capacitor block 1. The only connection between the two spaces 14 is above the condenser block 1, since the semi-cylindrical shells 13 are higher than the condenser block 1 and are interconnected in the area above the condenser block 1. The bath condenser thus consists of a condenser block 1, to which two semi-cylindrical shells 13 adjoin on the two sides 12, as well as a head part 21a spanning the condenser block 1 and the two half-cylinder shells 13.

Die durch die Halbzylinderschalen 13 begrenzten Räume 14 sind durch Bleche 16 in mehrere Etagen 15 a bis 15 e unterteilt Die Bleche 16 erstrecken sich von der Grenze zwischen zwei Umlaufabschnitten 7 bis zu der auf dieser Seite des Kondensatorblocks 1 angeordneten Halbzylinderschale 13. In den Blechen 16 befinden sich Ablauföffnungen 17, durch die flüssiger Sauerstoff von einer Etage, z.B. 15b, in die darunterliegende Etage, z.B. 15c, abfließen kann. Ferner sind mit den Blechen 16 Gasschächte 18 verbunden, die von einem Blech 16 bis knapp unterhalb des darüberliegenden Bleches 16 reichen.The limited by the half-cylindrical shells 13 spaces 14 are divided by sheets 16 into several floors 15 a to 15 e The sheets 16 extend from the boundary between two circulation sections 7 to the arranged on this side of the condenser block 1 half-cylinder shell 13. In the sheets 16 are drain holes 17, through the liquid oxygen from a floor, eg 15b, into the underlying floor, e.g. 15c, can drain. Further 16 gas wells 18 are connected to the sheets, ranging from a metal sheet 16 to just below the overlying sheet 16.

Die Gasschächte 18 sind in einer Linie angeordnet und bilden so praktisch eine gemeinsame Gassammelleitung, wobei jedoch zwischen dem oberen Ende jedes Gasschachts 18 und dem darüberliegenden Blech 16 ein Spalt 19 verbleibt, der den Eintritt von Gas aus der jeweiligen Etage 15 in die Gassammelleitung ermöglicht. Die Bleche 16 verlaufen zumindest teilweise nach oben ansteigend, so daß der Ringspalt 19 oberhalb der Austrittsöffnungen 10 der jeweiligen Etage 15 liegt.The gas wells 18 are arranged in a line and thus practically form a common gas manifold, but between the upper end of each Gas shaft 18 and the overlying sheet 16 a gap 19 remains, which allows the entry of gas from the respective floor 15 in the gas manifold. The sheets 16 extend at least partially rising upward, so that the annular gap 19 is above the outlet openings 10 of the respective floor 15.

In dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Beispiel sind die Bleche 16 zweimal rechtwinklig gefaltet, so daß sich zwischen zwei Blechen 16 eine Etage 15 bildet, die aus zwei miteinander verbundenen Räumen 20, 21 besteht Der Raum 20c befindet sich auf Höhe des zugehörigen Umlaufabschnittes 7c und dient als Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter. Der zweite Raum 21c liegt dagegen fast auf der gleichen Höhe wie der nächsthöhere Umlaufabschnitt 7b und bildet eine Art zum Flüssigvorratsbehälter 20c eine seitlich und nach oben abgesetzte Zusatztasche.In the example shown in Figure 1, the sheets 16 are folded twice at right angles, so that between two sheets 16, a floor 15 is formed, which consists of two interconnected spaces 20, 21 The space 20c is located at the level of the associated circulation section 7c and serves as a liquid reservoir. The second space 21c, however, is almost at the same height as the next higher circulation section 7b and forms a kind of liquid reservoir 20c a laterally and upwardly offset additional pocket.

Im Betrieb des Badkondensators wird über Leitung 22 flüssiger Sauerstoff in die beiden obersten Etagen 15a eingeleitet Der Sauerstoff sammelt sich zunächst in dem Vorratsbehälter 20a, tritt über die Erintrittspassagen 9 in die Sauerstoffpassagen 8 ein, wird im indirekten Wärmetausch mit Stickstoff teilweise verdampft und verläßt den Kondensatorblock 1 als Flüssigkeits-Gas-Gemisch über die Austrittspassagen 10, um sich wieder im Vorratsbehälter 20a zu sammeln. Wenn der Flüssigkeitspegel in dem Vorratsbehälter bis zur Höhe der Austrittskanäle 10 ansteigt, kann flüssiger Sauerstoff über den Verbindungsspalt in den zweiten Raum 21a, der als Abscheideraum dient, fließen.During operation of the bath condenser, liquid oxygen is introduced into the two uppermost levels 15a via line 22. The oxygen initially accumulates in the reservoir 20a, enters the oxygen passages 8 via the inlet passages 9, is partially vaporized with nitrogen in the indirect heat exchange, and leaves the condenser block 1 as a liquid-gas mixture via the outlet passages 10 to collect again in the reservoir 20 a. When the liquid level in the reservoir rises to the level of the outlet channels 10, liquid oxygen can flow via the connecting gap into the second space 21a serving as a separation space.

Der Abscheideraum 21a besitzt in seinem Boden Ablauföffnungen 17, durch die überschüssiger flüssiger Sauerstoff von der Etage 15a in die darunterliegende Etage 15b fließen kann. Die Ablauföffnungen 17 zweier benachbarter Etagen 15 sind dabei versetzt zueinander angeordnet, so daß beispielsweise aus der Etage 15b abtropfender Sauerstoff nicht unmittelbar in die Etage 15 d weiterfließt, sondern zunächst in der Etage 15c verbleibt.The separation chamber 21a has in its bottom drainage openings 17, can flow through the excess liquid oxygen from the floor 15a in the underlying floor 15b. The drain openings 17 of two adjacent floors 15 are offset from each other, so that, for example, from the floor 15b dripping oxygen does not flow directly into the floor 15 d, but initially remains in the floor 15c.

Die Ablauföffnungen 17 sind vorzugsweise mindestens so hoch angeordnet wie die Austrittsöffnungen 10 der zugehörigen Etage 15 liegen. Es hat sich nämlich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die einzelnen Umlaufabschnitte 7 des Badkondensators mindestens soweit im Flüssigkeitsbad abzutauchen, daß der Flüssigkeitsspiegel im Vorratsbehälter 20 mindestens knapp unterhalb der Unterkante der Austrittsöffnungen 10 liegt. Dadurch wird eine Totalverdampfung in den Verdampfungspassagen 8 ausgeschlossen und eine Verlegung der Passagen 8 durch schwersiedende Komponenten verhindertThe drain openings 17 are preferably arranged at least as high as the outlet openings 10 of the associated floor 15 are located. It has proven to be advantageous to dive the individual circulation sections 7 of the bath condenser at least as far in the liquid bath that the liquid level in the reservoir 20 at least just below the lower edge of the outlet openings 10 lies. As a result, a total evaporation is excluded in the evaporation passages 8 and prevents a transfer of the passages 8 by high-boiling components

Der in die Etage 15b abfließende Sauerstoff sammelt sich wieder im Vorratsbehälter 20b, wird im Umlaufabschnitt 7b umgeworfen und teilweise verdampft. Überschüssige Flüssigkeit im Vorrratsbehälter 20b läuft über die Ablauföffnung 17 dann in die Etage 15c. Das bei der Verdampfung im Umlaufabschnitt 7 entstehende Sauerstoffgas strömt mit dem flüssigen Sauerstoff aus den Austrittsöffnungen 10 aus und wird über den Gasschacht 18 abgeleitet. Diese Vorgänge wiederholen sich in jeder Etage 15.The effluent into the floor 15b oxygen collects again in the reservoir 20b, is overturned in the circulation section 7b and partially evaporated. Excess liquid in the reservoir 20b passes through the drain opening 17 then into the floor 15c. The oxygen gas produced during the evaporation in the circulation section 7 flows out of the outlet openings 10 with the liquid oxygen and is discharged via the gas shaft 18. These processes are repeated in each floor 15.

Durch die seitlich und nach oben versetzte Anordnung des Abscheideraumes 21 und den ringspaltförmigen Gaseinlaß 19 in den Gasschacht 18 wird das Sauerstoffgas mehrfach umgelenkt, bevor es aus einer Etage 15 abgeführt wird. Bei diesen Umlenkungen wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des gasförmigen Sauerstoffs so stark abgesenkt, daß dieser keinen oder kaum noch flüssigen Sauerstoff mitreißt. In dem Abscheideraum 21 wird also eine sehr gute Flüssigkeit-Gas-Trennung erzielt Das durch die Gasschächte 18 aufsteigende Sauerstoffgas wird am oberen Ende des Badkondensators über eine in den Zeichnungen nicht zu sehende Sauerstoffabzugsleitung abgeführt.By the laterally and upwardly offset arrangement of the separation chamber 21 and the annular gap-shaped gas inlet 19 into the gas shaft 18, the oxygen gas is deflected several times before it is discharged from a floor 15. In these deflections, the flow rate of the gaseous oxygen is lowered so much that this entrains little or no liquid oxygen. In the separation chamber 21, therefore, a very good liquid-gas separation is achieved The rising through the gas wells 18 oxygen gas is discharged at the upper end of the bath condenser via a not visible in the drawings oxygen discharge line.

In Figur 3 ist perspektivisch eine Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Badkondensators dargestellt. Diese Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von dem anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 erläuterten Kondensator im wesentlichen darin, daß die beiden Halbzylinderschalen 13 keinerlei Strömungsverbindung miteinander besitzen. Die Halbzylinderschalen 13 schließen mit den beiden offenen Seiten 12 des Kondensatorblocks 1 ab. Durch den Verzicht auf das den Kondensatorblock 1 und die beiden Halbzylinderschalen 13 überspannende Kopfteil 21a ist der Kondensator kompakter als der Badkondensator gemäß der Figuren 1 und 2, benötigt jedoch doppelt soviele Anschlußstutzen bzw. Rohre für die Zu- und Ableitung des flüssigen und gasförmigen Sauerstoffs.FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a variant of the bath condenser according to the invention. This embodiment differs from the capacitor explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2 substantially in that the two half-cylinder shells 13 have no flow connection with each other. The half cylinder shells 13 close with the two open sides 12 of the condenser block 1. By dispensing with the condenser block 1 and the two half-cylinder shells 13 spanning head portion 21a of the capacitor is more compact than the bath condenser according to Figures 1 and 2, but requires twice as many connection pieces or pipes for the supply and discharge of liquid and gaseous oxygen.

Figur 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Badkondensators, bei dem die Sauerstoffpassagen 8 nur auf einer Seite des Kondensatorblocks 1 Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen 9, 10 haben. Die nicht dargestellten Stickstoffpassagen entsprechen den Passagen 2 in Figur 2 und erstrecken sich ebenfalls über die gesamte Höhe des Kondensatorblocks. Das als Wärmeträger dienende, zu kondensierende Stickstoffgas wird über einen Sammler/Verteiler 6 in die Stickstoffpassagen verteilt und am unteren Ende des Kondensatorblocks 1 in einen Sammler 5 als Flüssigkeit zusammengeführt und abgezogen.FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the bath condenser according to the invention, in which the oxygen passages 8 have inlet and outlet openings 9, 10 on only one side of the condenser block 1. The nitrogen passages, not shown correspond to the passages 2 in Figure 2 and also extend over the entire height of the capacitor block. The serving as a heat carrier to be condensed nitrogen gas is distributed via a collector / distributor 6 in the nitrogen passages and merged at the bottom of the condenser block 1 in a collector 5 as a liquid and withdrawn.

Sauerstoffseitig ist der Kondensatorblock 1 in fünf Umlaufabschnitte 7a-e unterteilt, die jeweils einen Ein- und einen Austrittsbereich 9, 10 mit horizontal verlaufenden Lamellen sowie den eigentlichen Wärmeaustauschbereich 8 mit vertikalen Kanälen besitzen. Alle Eintrittsöffnungen 9 und die Austrittsöffnungen 10 liegen auf derselben Seite des Kondensatorblocks 1.Oxygen side, the condenser block 1 is divided into five circulation sections 7a-e, each having an inlet and an outlet region 9, 10 with horizontally extending fins and the actual heat exchange region 8 with vertical channels. All inlet openings 9 and the outlet openings 10 lie on the same side of the condenser block. 1

An der offenen Seite 12 des Kondensatorblocks 1 sind ebenfalls Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter 20 und Abscheideräume 21 vorgesehen. Der Flüssigkeitsablauf zwischen den Etagen 15 erfolgt über Überlaufrohre 30. Die Oberkante der Überfaufrohre 30 liegt auf einer Höhe mit der Oberkante des dazugehörigen Umlaufabschnittes 7. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die Sauerstoffpassagen 8 und die entsprechenden Ein- und Austrittspassagen 9, 10 sich stets vollständig im Flüssigkeitsbad befinden. Die Verdampfungspassagen 8 sind immer mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt, wodurch eine Verlegung der Passagen 8 durch schwersiedende Komponenten verhindert wird.On the open side 12 of the condenser block 1 also liquid reservoir 20 and separation chambers 21 are provided. The liquid flow between the floors 15 via overflow pipes 30. The upper edge of the overflow pipes 30 is at a level with the upper edge of the associated circulation section 7. This has the consequence that the oxygen passages 8 and the corresponding inlet and outlet passages 9, 10 are always complete in the liquid bath. The evaporation passages 8 are always filled with liquid, whereby a passage of the passages 8 is prevented by high-boiling components.

Claims (16)

  1. Bath condenser having a cuboidal condenser block (1) which has evaporation passages (8) for a liquid and liquefaction passages (2) for a heating medium and at least two circulation sections (7a-7e) arranged above one another, the evaporation passages each having, at the bottom end of a circulation section, at least one inlet opening for the liquid and, at the upper end of a circulation section, at least one outlet opening, and means for guiding liquid (17, 30) from an outlet opening of a circulation section to an inlet opening of the circulation section below being provided, characterized in that the means (17, 30) for guiding liquid only connect outlet openings (10) and inlet openings (9) which are situated on the same side (12) of the condenser block (1).
  2. Bath condenser according to Claim 1, characterized in that at most two sides (12) of the condenser block (1) are provided with inlet openings (9) and/or outlet openings (10).
  3. Bath condenser according to Claim 1, characterized in that all the inlet openings (9) and outlet openings (10) are situated on the same side (12) of the condenser block (1).
  4. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flow connection between the inlet openings (9) and/or outlet openings (10) and the evaporation passages (8) is produced by horizontally running channels.
  5. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, on that side of a circulation section (7) in which there are inlet openings (9) and/or outlet openings (10), there is arranged a manifold (13) with a liquid feed line (22) and a gas discharge line (18), which covers the inlet openings (9) and/or outlet openings (10) of the circulation section (7), preferably the entire side of the circulation section (7).
  6. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, on that side (12) of the condenser block (1) in which there are inlet openings (9) and/or outlet openings (10), there is arranged a manifold (13) with a liquid feed line (22) and a gas discharge line (18), which covers the sides of a plurality of circulation sections (7), preferably the entire side (12) of the condenser block (1).
  7. Bath condenser according to Claim 6, characterized in that the manifold (13) is divided into levels (15) in each case along the boundary between two circulation sections (7), two adjacent levels (15) being connected to one another in terms of flow via a liquid line (17, 30) and a gas line (18).
  8. Bath condenser according to Claim 7, characterized in that two adjacent levels (15) are connected to one another in terms of flow via an overflow pipe (30).
  9. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the manifold (13) is divided into levels (15) by planar metal sheets (16) or bent plates.
  10. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the entry into the gas line (18) of a level (15) is situated above the outlet opening (10) of the evaporation passages (8).
  11. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the manifold (13), in a plane which runs perpendicular to the liquefaction passages (2) and evaporation passages (8), is semi-circular or semi-elliptical in cross section.
  12. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the liquid line (17, 30) and/or gas line (18) connecting two levels (15) run(s) within the manifold (13).
  13. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the gas entry of the gas line (18) is situated on the side which is remote from the outlet opening (10) of the evaporation passages (8).
  14. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the gas line (18) extends through all the levels (15).
  15. Bath condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the liquefaction passages (2) extend over the entire height of the condenser block (1).
  16. Use of a bath condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 15 as the principal condenser of a low-temperature air fractionation plant.
EP01936414A 2000-05-31 2001-05-31 Multistoreyed bath condenser Expired - Lifetime EP1287302B1 (en)

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DE10027139 2000-05-31
DE10027139A DE10027139A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2000-05-31 Multi-storey bathroom condenser
EP00115782A EP1160526A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2000-07-21 Mutli-stage bath condensor
EP00115782 2000-07-21
EP01936414A EP1287302B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2001-05-31 Multistoreyed bath condenser
PCT/EP2001/006207 WO2001092799A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2001-05-31 Multistoreyed bath condenser

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EP2503270A1 (en) 2011-03-22 2012-09-26 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for creating an oxygen product by cryogenic decomposition of air
DE102013017590A1 (en) 2013-10-22 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for recovering methane-poor fluids in liquid air separation system to manufacture air product, involves vaporizing oxygen, krypton and xenon containing sump liquid in low pressure column by using multi-storey bath vaporizer
DE102013018664A1 (en) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for the cryogenic separation of air and cryogenic air separation plant
EP3040665A1 (en) 2014-12-30 2016-07-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation system and plant for the production of oxygen by crygenic separation of air
EP3059536A1 (en) 2015-02-19 2016-08-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for obtaining a pressurised nitrogen product
EP3067650A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-09-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Installation and method for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic air decomposition
EP3067649A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-09-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation column system and method for the production of oxygen by cryogenic decomposition of air
EP3067648A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-09-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation column system and method for the production of oxygen by cryogenic decomposition of air
DE102016002115A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation column system and method for producing oxygen by cryogenic separation of air
WO2016146246A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-09-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Plant for producing oxygen by cryogenic air separation
WO2016146238A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-09-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation column system, equipment and method for generating oxygen by means of low-temperature separation of air
EP3133361A1 (en) 2015-08-20 2017-02-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation column system and system for the production of oxygen by cryogenic decomposition of air
EP3163237A1 (en) 2015-10-29 2017-05-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Distillation column system and method for the production of oxygen by cryogenic decomposition of air
DE102016003383A1 (en) 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air
EP3614084A1 (en) 2018-08-22 2020-02-26 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and installation for cryogenic decomposition of air
WO2021190784A1 (en) 2020-03-23 2021-09-30 Linde Gmbh Process and plant for low-temperature separation of air
WO2022028732A1 (en) 2020-08-03 2022-02-10 Linde Gmbh Method and plant for conducting an industrial process
DE102020006393A1 (en) 2020-10-17 2022-04-21 Linde Gmbh Process and plant for the low-temperature separation of air
WO2023110142A1 (en) 2021-12-13 2023-06-22 Linde Gmbh Method for the cryogenic separation of air, and air separation plant
EP4230936A1 (en) 2022-02-17 2023-08-23 Linde GmbH Cryogenic air rectification system, control unit, air separation unit and method of cryogenically separating air
WO2023156061A1 (en) 2022-02-17 2023-08-24 Linde Gmbh Cryogenic air rectification system, control unit, air separation unit and method of cryogenically separating air
DE102023000844A1 (en) 2022-04-28 2023-11-02 Linde Gmbh Process and a system for the cryogenic separation of nitrogen from a feed gas
WO2024104613A2 (en) 2022-11-17 2024-05-23 Linde Gmbh Method for cryogenic separation of air, and air separation plant

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US6748763B2 (en) 2004-06-15
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KR100806980B1 (en) 2008-02-25
WO2001092799A1 (en) 2001-12-06
EP1160526A1 (en) 2001-12-05
KR20030007790A (en) 2003-01-23
DE50107505D1 (en) 2005-10-27
JP2003535301A (en) 2003-11-25
CN1432121A (en) 2003-07-23
DE10027139A1 (en) 2001-12-06
ATE305122T1 (en) 2005-10-15
AU2001262327A1 (en) 2001-12-11
CN1208591C (en) 2005-06-29
ES2249439T3 (en) 2006-04-01
US20030159810A1 (en) 2003-08-28
TW497981B (en) 2002-08-11

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