EP1283794A1 - Kraftfahrzeug-aussenhaut - Google Patents
Kraftfahrzeug-aussenhautInfo
- Publication number
- EP1283794A1 EP1283794A1 EP01938230A EP01938230A EP1283794A1 EP 1283794 A1 EP1283794 A1 EP 1283794A1 EP 01938230 A EP01938230 A EP 01938230A EP 01938230 A EP01938230 A EP 01938230A EP 1283794 A1 EP1283794 A1 EP 1283794A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outer skin
- motor vehicle
- actuator
- vehicle outer
- skin according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004997 Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001843 polymethylhydrosiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 4- (3-butenoxy) benzoic acid (4-methoxy) phenyl ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100029397 Chloride channel CLIC-like protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710168340 Chloride channel CLIC-like protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
Definitions
- the invention relates to an outer skin for motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the outer skin is moved by pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical assemblies.
- pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical assemblies are expensive and also prone to wear.
- these assemblies are heavy and take up a lot of space.
- the possible changes in shape of the outer skin are also extremely limited and cannot be miniaturized as desired.
- the invention has for its object to provide a movable motor vehicle outer skin, which has an expanded functionality and which can be manufactured inexpensively.
- At least one actuator for moving the motor vehicle outer skin which comprises a material that is movable by physical or chemical effects, polymeric and / or acts as an ion exchanger and / or has different information.
- the Movement of the outer skin which preferably surrounds a two- or four-wheel motor vehicle, can consist of a displacement as well as a change in shape.
- the actuator preferably contains either a polymeric ion exchange material or a material having different conformations.
- the material having different conformations e.g. a liquid crystal elastomer, has two or more different states that can differ in the orientation or arrangement of the atoms or molecules. Chemical or physical effects are used to switch between different conformations and to move the material with different conformations.
- the pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical assemblies of the prior art are replaced by polymer and / or ion-exchanging and / or materials having different conformations.
- Such materials are inexpensive to manufacture, can be miniaturized as desired and allow the generation of sufficiently high forces for a large number of very different applications.
- reversible movements of the outer skin can be realized, which were not previously possible due to the restrictions of pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical assemblies.
- This enables new degrees of freedom to be achieved with regard to the functionality of the outer skin.
- the materials according to the invention allow the outer skin to be adapted to the operating parameters of the vehicle (e.g. speed or engine temperature) or to environmental conditions (e.g. road condition, air temperature or weather conditions).
- the actuator can be designed as an insert in the outer skin or as an attachment on the outer skin.
- the outer skin can also have a rigid or elastic area which is coupled to the actuator in such a way that this area is displaced or deformed by the movement of the actuator.
- the actuator is preferably under the outer skin arranged.
- the actuator itself can also form part of the outer skin.
- materials according to the invention have the advantage that they react automatically to a change in the ambient conditions (outside temperature drops below a predetermined value (e.g. 0 ° C), it starts to rain, etc.) by changing the structure.
- materials according to the invention are known which change their shape when swollen when wet. This effect can be used, for example, to seal joints or close openings in the outer skin. It can also be considered to couple an actuator to a sensor.
- the sensor can record current parameters relating to vehicle operation or environmental conditions, which are then e.g. be converted into electrical signals for controlling the poly er and / or ion-exchanging material.
- the actuators can be used to move the most varied areas of a motor vehicle outer skin.
- a motor vehicle outer skin For example, an outside mirror, a bonnet, a spoiler, a bumper, an opening in the outer skin or small structures arranged on the outer skin surface can be made movable at least in certain areas. It is also possible to use the actuator covers, e.g. for headlights or
- Movable outer skin areas can also be used as design elements or for communication with the environment.
- the actuator can be moved continuously or discretely.
- a continuous movement of the actuator can be considered, for example, if a certain size is to be regulated. So it can be considered to passively regulate the downforce of the rear axle via the movement of the outer skin, for example in the area of a spoiler.
- a discrete movement of the actuator can be combined with an active, controlled deformation of the outer skin. It would be conceivable, by means of actuators, to cover headlights between a first, closed one and to control a second, open position depending on the actuation of the light switch.
- the material of the actuator that can be moved by physical or chemical effects can have the form of a strip, a hollow cylinder, part of an ellipsoid surface, etc. It is also possible to use several actuators with e.g. to arrange strip-shaped polymeric and / or ion-exchanging materials in such a way that the entirety of these materials has a hollow cylindrical, hemispherical, etc. shape.
- the actuator can also contain several layers of these materials, which e.g. are arranged one above the other or concentrically one inside the other. The provision of several layers increases the stability of the actuator. Furthermore, significantly higher forces can be realized during the movement. Depending on the task, the movement of the moving material can be induced, for example, by changing the pH value, the humidity or the temperature of this material or by electrical processes.
- the movable material of the actuator is made of an elastic cover e.g. Surrounded by latex.
- the cover protects the material from environmental influences. Since some materials that can be used according to the invention must be operated in a moist environment, the casing can simultaneously prevent them from drying out.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B an actuator in the idle state and in the actuated state, each in cross section;
- FIGS. 2A to 2C three further embodiments of
- FIGS. 3A to 3D two exemplary embodiments of an exterior mirror according to the invention.
- Figures 4A to 4D a first embodiment of an outer skin according to the invention with a movable air inlet area;
- Figures 5A to 5D a second embodiment of an outer skin according to the invention with a movable air inlet area;
- FIGS. 6A to 6C a first exemplary embodiment of an engine hood according to the invention which can be moved in regions;
- FIGS. 7A to 7C a second exemplary embodiment of an engine hood according to the invention which can be moved in regions;
- Figures 8A and 8B an embodiment of a spoiler according to the invention.
- liquid crystal elastomers examples include liquid crystal elastomers.
- certain nematic liquid crystal elastomers, in the network of which an electrically conductive phase is embedded can be contracted, expanded or bent by electrical effects within fractions of a second.
- the elastomer will mechanically loaded to introduce a uniaxial network anisotropy before the crosslinking reaction is complete.
- An electrically conductive phase such as silver particles or graphite fibers is then introduced into the network by, for example, dispersing.
- Composite materials produced in this way can perform a contraction movement due to a nematic-isotropic phase transformation by Joule heating.
- a nematic-isotropic cooling process leads to a completely reversible expansion to the original length.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- Orion is a tough, gel-like to plastic-like substance that has to be subjected to a pretreatment before it can be used in an actuator. To do this, Orion is first heated at 220 ° C for 5 hours and then boiled in a NaOH solution.
- Orion fibers pretreated in this way contract very quickly when the pH value is reduced (rinsing with an acidic medium) to half to a tenth of their original length. With a subsequent increase in pH (rinsing with a basic medium), the fibers are extended to their original length. It has been shown that Orion fibers can withstand a tensile load of up to 4 kg / cm 2 .
- the polymeric material In order to use Orion-based actuators for moving an outer skin of a motor vehicle, the polymeric material must be surrounded with a liquid-tight cover after the pretreatment.
- bundles of Orion fibers can be placed in latex tubes.
- the Orion fibers arranged in the latex tubes are rinsed with media of different pH values.
- Actuators with electrically activatable materials acting as ion exchangers based on, for example, resins, gels, powders, fibers, etc. can also be used to move the outer skin.
- Suitable raw materials and Possible production processes for such actuators are described, for example, in WO 97/26039 (PCT / US96 / 17870), the disclosure content of which in relation to the starting materials for the production of actuators and possible production processes for actuators are hereby expressly included.
- Ion exchangers based on polymeric membranes are preferably used. Suitable is e.g. the membrane sold by DuPont under the trade name Nafion TM 117.
- Figures 1A and 1B show an embodiment of a fully processed actuator.
- 1A shows an sectional view of an actuator 10 based on a composite material made of a perfluorinated, polymeric ion exchange membrane 12 and platinum electrodes 14, 16 chemically deposited on both surfaces of the membrane 12.
- a contact electrode 18, 20 is arranged on each of the two platinum electrodes 14, 16.
- the two contact electrodes 18, 20 are in turn electrically contacted by wires 22, 24.
- an elastic sheath 26 made of e.g. Surrounded by latex.
- the sleeve 26 also prevents the escape of a liquid ion transport medium, which is necessary for the actuator 10 to function.
- the wires 22, 24 extend through this sheath 26.
- FIG. 1A If no voltage is applied to the wires 22, 24, the initial state shown in FIG. 1A is established. In the initial state, the actuator 10 has an essentially planar shape. If a voltage of typically 1 V to 3 V is now applied to the wires 22, 24, the composite material made of ion exchange membrane 12 and platinum electrodes 14, 16 bends in the direction of the anode. This situation is shown in Figure 1B. The maximum deflection of the composite material can be several centimeters.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C schematically show some designs of actuators based on chemically or electrically activatable, polymeric and / or ion-exchanging and / or materials having different conformations. The actuators shown are able to perform bending movements. To convert contraction movements into bending movements, the contracting materials are, if necessary, attached to a flexible substrate, which itself is not contractible.
- the actuator 30 shown in FIG. 2A has a mounting unit 32 and a movable section 34.
- the mounting unit 32 is fastened in the area of the motor vehicle outer skin and does not move with it.
- the assembly unit 32 has supply connections, not shown, e.g. in the form of electrical connections or hose connections for supplying or returning a fluid medium with a defined pH value.
- the movable section 34 of the actuator 30 has a strip shape and comprises a flexible shell within which the polymeric material and / or the material which functions as an ion exchanger and / or the material having different conformations is arranged.
- the actuator 30 according to FIG. 2A is shown in the activated state. In the non-activated state, the actuator 30 has a flat shape.
- FIG. 2B shows a second design of an actuator 40 with an assembly unit 42 and a movable section 44.
- Actuator 40 essentially coincides with actuator 30 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the movable gate 44 is significantly longer than in the actuator 30 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the actuator 40 is shown in FIG. 2B in the non-activated initial state. This means that the movable section 44 is already bent in the initial state and the curvature of this section 44 can be increased by physical or chemical activation.
- FIG. 2C shows a third design of an actuator 50.
- This actuator 50 has a structure similar to that Actuator 30 according to FIG. 2A.
- the actuator 50 has a second movable section 56 in addition to a first movable section 54.
- the two movable sections 54, 56 protrude from a mounting unit 52 in the shape of a wing and are already bent in the non-activated state.
- the curvature of the movable sections 54, 56 can be further increased, for example, by electrical or chemical activation.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C can be used in a variety of ways for moving an outer skin of a motor vehicle.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show a first exemplary embodiment of a movable outer skin in the form of a deformable outer mirror 60.
- the outside mirror 60 has an elastically deformable mirror housing 62.
- two mirrors 64, 66 which are movable relative to one another are connected to the mirror housing 62.
- An assembly unit 68 of an actuator 65 is arranged in the apex of a parabola within the mirror housing 62, which has a parabolic cross section.
- the actuator 65 corresponds essentially to the actuator shown in FIG. 2C, but the shape of the movable sections 67, 69 is adapted to the ellipsoidal shape of the mirror housing 62.
- the polymeric and / or ion-exchanging materials of the movable sections 67, 69 therefore also have the shape of an ellipsoid surface.
- FIG. 3A shows the shape of the outside mirror 60 when the motor vehicle is at a standstill.
- the actuator 65 is not activated and the mirror housing 62 has an optically appealing, flat shape.
- the actuator 65 is activated so that the mirror housing 62, as shown in FIG. 3B, is deformed in the direction of the arrow such that the exterior mirror 60 assumes a more aerodynamically favorable shape. Due to the deformation of the mirror housing 62, the mirrors 64, 66 are displaced relative to one another in such a way that they overlap one another and the total mirror surface becomes smaller.
- the deformation of the mirror housing 62 shown in FIG. 3B can occur abruptly when a predetermined speed is reached or else continuously and as a function of the speed.
- FIGS. 3C and 3D show a second exemplary embodiment of a movable outer skin in the form of a deformable outer mirror 60 '.
- the outside mirror 60 ' in turn has an elastically deformable mirror housing 62, but only a single mirror 64 ".
- two actuators 65 ', 65" are arranged in the region of the mirror element 64'.
- the actuators 65 ', 65 " essentially correspond to the actuator shown in FIG. 2A, but the shape of the movable sections 67 • , 69' is adapted to the ellipsoidal shape of the mirror housing 62 *.
- the movable sections 67 ', 69' already in the initial state (FIG. 3C).
- FIGS. 4A to 4D show a first exemplary embodiment of a movable outer skin in the form of a bumper 72 with a deformable air inlet area.
- the bumper 72 is shown in a front view in FIG. 4A and in a sectional view in FIG. 4B.
- An actuator 74 with an annular assembly unit 80 and a movable section 82 connected to the assembly unit 80 is arranged in the region of a bumper opening 70.
- Section 82 has an approximately hollow cylindrical shape in the initial state.
- the actuator 74 forms, together with an elastic hollow cylinder 76 actuated by the actuator 74 and arranged radially on the outside thereof, an air inlet duct 78.
- the rigid, ring-shaped assembly unit 80 is arranged at an inlet-side end of the air inlet duct 78 and defines the size of the Opening 70. The actuator therefore simultaneously forms part of the outer skin.
- the outlet-side diameter of the air inlet channel 78 is smaller than the diameter of the inlet-side opening 70.
- the air volume passing through the opening 70 is therefore throttled.
- activation of the actuator 74 causes the hollow-cylindrical, movable section 82 to deform radially outward at an end facing away from the mounting unit 80.
- the elastic hollow cylinder 76 is also detected by this deformation.
- the outlet-side diameter of the air inlet duct 78 becomes larger and the volume of air passing through the air inlet duct 78 increases.
- the actuator 74 shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D with the movable section 82 in the form of a hollow cylinder can be replaced by a plurality of the actuators 30 shown in FIG. 2A.
- these actuators 30 must be arranged such that the movable sections 34 form a hollow cylinder.
- Actuator 74 could also be replaced by actuator 40 shown in FIG. 2B. In this case, the assembly unit 42 would have to be arranged axially to the air inlet duct 78.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D show a second exemplary embodiment of a movable outer skin in the form of a bumper 72 'with a movable air inlet area.
- the second exemplary embodiment largely coincides with the first exemplary embodiment, however, in contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the ring-shaped assembly unit 80 'is arranged at an outlet-side end of the air inlet duct 78'.
- the air inlet duct 78' In the initial position of the actuator 74 'shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the air inlet duct 78' in turn has an essentially hollow cylindrical shape. Activation of the actuator 74 'now causes the movable section 82' to move radially at an end facing away from the assembly unit 80 ' deformed outwards ( Figures 5C and 5D). The deformation also affects the elastic hollow cylinder 76 'and an elastic region 84 * of the bumper outer skin, which adjoins the elastic hollow cylinder 76' at the front in the direction of travel. This deformation causes the diameter of the inlet-side opening 70 'to increase. The inlet duct 78 'consequently takes the form of a funnel and the volume of air passing through the air inlet duct 78' increases.
- the control of the air volume passing through the openings 70, 70 'shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D and 5A to 5D in the bumper outer skin 72, 72' can be dependent both on the driving situation (for example speed-dependent) and also on environmental parameters (for example the outside temperature).
- FIGS. 6A to 6C show a first exemplary embodiment of a bonnet 86 which can be moved in certain areas.
- the engine hood 86 has a central section 88 that extends axially to the direction of travel and lateral sections 90, 92 arranged to the left and right of this central section 88. While the central section 88 is designed to be immovable, the elastic lateral sections 90, 92 can each by an actuator 94 shown in FIG. 6C can be moved.
- the actuator 94 has a design comparable to that of the actuator 30 shown in FIG. 2A, although the length of the mounting unit 96 and the length-to-width ratio of the movable section 98 of the actuator 94 have been adapted to the dimensions of the bonnet 86 ,
- the movable bonnet 86 shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C facilitates parking of the motor vehicle.
- the hood Before the parking process, the hood has the shape shown in FIG. 6A. This shape is indicated in FIG. 6C by the dashed line 100.
- an area of each of the two lateral sections 90, 92 arranged at the front in the direction of travel is deformed in the direction of the roadway. This deformation is indicated by the arrows 102, 104 in FIG. 6B and by the arrow 104 in FIG. 6C.
- the Deformation of the side sections 90, 92 in areas in the direction of the road surface improves the view to the front and below, and thus makes parking easier.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C show a second exemplary embodiment of a bonnet 86 'which can be moved in certain areas.
- the bonnet 86 ' has an elastic central section 88' which extends axially to the direction of travel and immovable, lateral sections 90 ', 92' arranged to the left and right of this central section 88 '.
- two actuators 94 ', 94 are located below the elastic central section 88' of the bonnet 86 '.
- the mounting units 96', 96" of these actuators 94 ', 94 "extend approximately axially to the direction of travel the entire length of the central section 88 'and are arranged on opposite longitudinal sides of the central section 88'.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show an exemplary embodiment of a movable outer skin in the form of a spoiler 110 which can be moved in regions.
- the spoiler 110 is arranged on the underside of a motor vehicle 112 and has an aerodynamically favorable shape.
- the direction of travel is indicated by arrow 114.
- the spoiler 110 is shown in a sectional view in FIG. 8B.
- the spoiler 110 is connected to the underside of the motor vehicle 112 shown in FIG. 8A via two brackets 116, 118.
- a flat surface 120 of the spoiler 110 facing the underside of the motor vehicle is made of a rigid material.
- the surface 122 can be deformed by an actuator 124.
- the actuator 124 has two assembly units 126,
- the movable section 130 moves relative to the roadway in order to press the motor vehicle more strongly onto the roadway in the event of high air humidity (rain).
- the movable section 130 consists of e.g. an ion-exchanging polymer material, which automatically deforms when the air humidity increases due to swelling.
- the spoiler 110 is made at least in the area of the surface 122 from a material that is permeable to moisture.
- the movable section 130 of the actuator 124 is made of a material that deforms automatically due to changed environmental conditions, the mounting units 126, 128 do not have to have any supply connections for activating the actuator 124. Rather, the assembly units 126, 128 primarily have a fastening or stabilizing function for the movable section 130.
- a large number of closely adjacent, electrically actuatable actuators in the form of small cylinders are embedded in the outer skin in such a way that the surfaces of the actuators are flush with the outer skin in the initial state. This allows the aesthetic impression of a smooth surface to be achieved when the vehicle is stationary.
- the cylindrical actuators can be deformed perpendicular to the outer skin in such a way that a nub structure is created.
- the air resistance can be reduced and undesirable wind noise at high speeds can be reduced. It is also possible to form ice or snow from the outside with the help of pimples. to loosen skin.
- Cylindrical actuators with variable lengths can be manufactured, for example, on the basis of the above-described polymers encapsulated in latex, the lengths of which can be influenced by chemical processes.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10026264A DE10026264A1 (de) | 2000-05-26 | 2000-05-26 | Kraftfahrzeug-Außenhaut |
DE10026264 | 2000-05-26 | ||
PCT/EP2001/005760 WO2001092088A1 (de) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-19 | Kraftfahrzeug-aussenhaut |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1283794A1 true EP1283794A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 |
Family
ID=7643748
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01938230A Ceased EP1283794A1 (de) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-19 | Kraftfahrzeug-aussenhaut |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6938945B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1283794A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10026264A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001092088A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10026264A1 (de) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-11-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Kraftfahrzeug-Außenhaut |
WO2002051688A2 (de) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-07-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Flächiger abschnitt einer aussenhaut einer fahrzeugkarosserie |
DE10158364A1 (de) | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Elastisches Material für eine sichtbare Außenhaut |
ITTO20020134A1 (it) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-18 | Ferrari Spa | Pannello a deformazione comandata. |
TW200515027A (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-05-01 | Reveo Inc | Applications of light movable liquid crystal |
DE10352338A1 (de) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-06-16 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Fahrzeugteil mit Aktuator |
US7872396B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2011-01-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical actuator |
WO2005124918A2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-29 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical actuating methods, devices and structures |
US7994686B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2011-08-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical methods, devices, and structures |
US7999435B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2011-08-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical actuator |
US8247946B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2012-08-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical actuator |
FR2879158B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-13 | 2008-07-04 | Plastic Omnium Cie | Capot avant a conducteurs electriques pour vehicule automobile |
WO2008036122A2 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2008-03-27 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical methods, devices, and structures |
US20080245624A1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Shaw Schuyler S | Latching device for electro-mechanical actuators |
KR20100053536A (ko) | 2007-06-29 | 2010-05-20 | 아트피셜 머슬, 인코퍼레이션 | 감각적 피드백을 부여하는 전기활성 고분자 변환기 |
EP2178584A2 (de) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-04-28 | Entra Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Infusionspumpe mit einem elektrochemischen aktuator mit veränderlichem volumen |
EP2239793A1 (de) | 2009-04-11 | 2010-10-13 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Elektrisch schaltbarer Polymerfilmaufbau und dessen Verwendung |
DE102009034516A1 (de) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Luftleitvorrichtung für den Front- und/oder Heckbereich eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
US8337457B2 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2012-12-25 | Springleaf Therapeutics, Inc. | Systems and methods for delivering a therapeutic agent |
WO2012083174A2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical actuators |
CA2828809A1 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-07 | Francois EGRON | Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films |
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-
2000
- 2000-05-26 DE DE10026264A patent/DE10026264A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-05-19 EP EP01938230A patent/EP1283794A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-05-19 WO PCT/EP2001/005760 patent/WO2001092088A1/de active Application Filing
- 2001-05-19 US US10/296,494 patent/US6938945B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0192088A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10026264A1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
US20040046420A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
WO2001092088A1 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
US6938945B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
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