EP1274826A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtionischen tensidgranulaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtionischen tensidgranulatenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1274826A1 EP1274826A1 EP01931574A EP01931574A EP1274826A1 EP 1274826 A1 EP1274826 A1 EP 1274826A1 EP 01931574 A EP01931574 A EP 01931574A EP 01931574 A EP01931574 A EP 01931574A EP 1274826 A1 EP1274826 A1 EP 1274826A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- alkyl
- alcohol
- fatty
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
- C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
Definitions
- the invention relates to surfactant granules which are obtained by granulating and simultaneously drying aqueous pastes from nonionic surfactants in the presence of organic polymeric carriers, a process for their preparation and their use in surface-active preparations.
- Nonionic surfactants such as alkyl oligoglucosides
- these classes of nonionic surfactants are becoming increasingly important. If they have hitherto generally been used in liquid formulations, such as dishwashing detergents or hair shampoos, there is also a great market need for solid, water-free forms of supply which can also be incorporated, for example, in solid detergents and cosmetics.
- Detergents include not only powder detergents, but above all also lumpy detergents such as Understand detergent tablets. In the case of the latter in particular, it has been shown that, by using solid nonionic surfactant granules, migration and penetration of the nonionic surfactant into other constituents of the detergent tablet, e.g. in the so-called “explosive agent component” can be avoided, whereas in conventional production, in which the nonionic surfactant is sprayed over the entire detergent powder before it is compressed into tablets, it penetrates into the nonionic surfactant "Disintegrant” comes, which then loses its effectiveness, so that the rapid disintegration of the tablet at the beginning of the washing process is then delayed or completely prevented.
- the advantage of using solid nonionic surfactant granules is that these water-free products are inert to fungi, yeasts and bacteria during storage, even without preservatives, and that this microbiological stability is also achieved when the solid anhydrous surfactant has a neutral pH Value. This suits the consumer who has a need for cosmetic products that are free of preservatives.
- Solid, water-free nonionic surfactants can only be used by manufacturers of detergent and cosmetic products if these products are used in the manufacture of detergents. medium and cosmetic products are easy to process. It is therefore essential that the solid, water-free nonionic surfactants have good flow properties, so that they can be traded in silo wagons or "big bags". Furthermore, the solid, water-free nonionic surfactants must also be dust-free, so that there is no risk of a dust explosion when they are processed and there is no danger to the processor of health hazards, for example due to inhalation of surfactant dusts.
- liquid surfactant preparations are generally dried by conventional spray drying, in which the aqueous surfactant paste is sprayed at the top of a spray tower in the form of fine droplets, which are directed towards hot drying gases.
- aqueous surfactant paste is sprayed at the top of a spray tower in the form of fine droplets, which are directed towards hot drying gases.
- German patent application DE 4102745 A1 Heenkel
- a method is known in which a small amount of 1 to 5% by weight of alkyl glucosides is added to fatty alcohol sulfate pastes and is subjected to conventional spray drying.
- the process can only be carried out in the presence of a large amount of inorganic salts.
- German patent application DE 4139551 A1 proposes to spray pastes of alkyl sulfates and alkyl glucosides, which, however, can contain a maximum of 50% by weight of the sugar surfactant, in the presence of mixtures of soda and zeolites. However, only compounds are obtained here that have a low surfactant concentration and an insufficient bulk density.
- international patent application WO 95/14519 reports on subjecting surfactant pastes to drying with superheated steam. However, this process is technically very complex.
- the complex object of the invention was therefore to provide a simple process for the production of nonionic surfactant granules, in which the presence of inorganic compounds such as soda, zeolites and inorganic salts can be dispensed with.
- this process should make it possible to obtain granules which are distinguished by high surfactant contents, high bulk densities and good color quality and at the same time are dust-free, free-flowing and stable in storage.
- these nonionic surfactant granules should already be in water at low temperatures, e.g. at 20 ° C, dissolve quickly.
- the invention relates to surfactant granules which can be obtained by granulating and simultaneously drying aqueous pastes made from nonionic surfactants in the presence of organic polymeric carrier materials (hereinafter also referred to as organic polymer).
- organic polymeric carrier materials hereinafter also referred to as organic polymer.
- the invention further relates to a process for the production of surfactant granules, in which aqueous pastes made from nonionic surfactants are granulated in the presence of organic polymeric carrier materials and dried at the same time.
- nonionic surfactant granules are obtained using organic polymeric carrier materials without the addition of inorganic compounds, such as, for example, zeolites or soda. It is particularly surprising to find that it has proven even more advantageous not to granulate the aqueous nonionic surfactant pastes together with the solid organic polymers in a fluidized bed and to dry them at the same time, but to first dissolve the organic polymers in the aqueous surfactant paste and then to dissolve them to granulate and dry aqueous mixture of surfactant and polymer together in a fluidized bed.
- the organic polymer is not only a carrier material, but also a structural improver.
- the surfactant granules according to the invention are distinguished by an unexpectedly high bulk density in the range from 600 to 1000 g / l. Even in the case of a residual water content of up to 20% by weight, the granules are dry on the outside, so that subsequent drying is not necessary. They are dust-free, free-flowing, stable in storage, show no tendency to clump and are easily soluble even in cold water and practically without residue. They also have excellent color quality.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides, fatty acid N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkyl amides, alcohol ethoxylates, alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters, preferably alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides.
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic surfactants which follow the formula (I)
- R 1 is an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms
- G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms
- p is a number from 1 to 10.
- the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose.
- the preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides.
- the index number p in the general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and stands for a number between 1 and 10.
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. From an application point of view, preference is given to those alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.6.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, capronalcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, such as are obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the course of the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
- the technical oxo alcohols from Shell which are marketed under the names Dobanol® or Neodol®, are particularly preferred.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 can also be derived from primary alcohols having 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, which can be obtained as described above. Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hardened C12 / 14 coconut or palm kernel alcohol or Ci6 / ⁇ s fatty alcohol from coconut, palm kernel or palm oil with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.
- Fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides are nonionic surfactants which follow the formula (I) R 2 CO-N- [Z] (I)
- the fatty acid N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkylamides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- H. Kelkenberg An overview of this topic by H. Kelkenberg can be found in Tens.Surf.Deterg. 25, 8 (1988).
- the fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides are preferably derived from reducing sugars having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose.
- the preferred fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides are therefore fatty acid N-alkylglucamides as represented by the formula (II):
- the preferred fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides used are glucamides of the formula (II) in which R 3 represents an alkyl group and R 2 CO represents the acyl radical of caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, Oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid or erucic acid or their technical mixtures.
- Fatty acid N-alkylglucamides of the formula (II) which are obtained by reductive amination of glucose with methylamine and subsequent acylation with lauric acid or C12 / 14-coconut fatty acid or a corresponding derivative are particularly preferred.
- the polyhydroxyalkylamides can also be derived from maltose and palatinose.
- fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides are also the subject of a large number of publications. Their use as a thickener is known, for example, from European patent application EP 0285768 A1 (Hüls). French published patent application FR 1580491 A (Henkel) describes aqueous detergent mixtures based on sulfates and / or sulfonates, nonionic surfactants and, if appropriate, soaps, which contain fatty acid N-alkylglucamides as foam regulators. Mixtures of short- and longer-chain glucamides are described in German patent DE 4400632 C1 (Henkel).
- German patent applications DE 4326959 A1 and DE 4309567 A1 also reports on the use of glucamides with longer alkyl residues than pseudoceramides in skin care products and on combinations of glucamides with protein hydrolysates and cationic surfactants in hair care products.
- alcohol ethoxylates are referred to as fatty alcohol or oxo alcohol ethoxylates and preferably follow the formula (III),
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 50.
- Typical examples are the adducts of on average 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 40 and in particular 10 to 25 mol of capron alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, Oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, for example in the high-pressure hydrogenation of technical methyl esters based on fats and oils or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis and as a monomer fraction in the monomer
- Alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters are known from the prior art.
- such alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters are accessible by esterification of alkoxylated carboxylic acids with alcohols.
- the compounds are preferably prepared by reacting carboxylic acid esters with alkylene oxides using catalysts, in particular using caicinated hydrotalcite in accordance with German Offenlegungsschrift DE 3914131 A, which provide compounds with a restricted homolog distribution.
- Both carboxylic acid esters of monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols can be alkoxylated by this process. According to the present invention, preference is given to alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of monohydric alcohols which follow the general formula (IV)
- R 5 CO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical derived from a carboxylic acid
- AlkO for alkylene oxide
- R 6 for an aliphatic alkyl radical derived from a monohydric aliphatic alcohol.
- Particularly suitable are alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (IV) in which R 5 CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 22 and in particular 10 to 18 carbon atoms, AlkO for a CH2CH2O-, CHCH3CH2O- and / or CH2-CHCH 3 0 radical, n is on average a number from 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 20 and especially 10 to 15 and R 6 represents an aliphatic alkyl group having from 1 to 4 and preferably 1 and / or 2 carbon atoms.
- Preferred acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms of natural or synthetic origin, in particular from linear, saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids, including technical mixtures thereof, as are obtainable by fat cleavage from animal and / or vegetable fats and oils, for example from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, turnip oil, cottonseed oil, fish oil, beef tallow and lard.
- carboxylic acids examples include caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and / or erucic acid.
- Preferred alkyl radicals are derived from primary, aliphatic monofunctional alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which can be saturated and / or unsaturated.
- suitable monoalcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, in particular methanol.
- AlkO stands for the alkylene oxides which are reacted with the carboxylic acid esters and include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide alone.
- examples of such compounds are methyl lauric acid, methyl coconut fatty acid and methyl tallow fatty acid alkoxylated on average with 5, 7, 9 or 11 mol ethylene oxide.
- the nonionic surfactants can be used in amounts of 20 to 95, preferably 50 to 80 and in particular 60 to 70, based on the final concentration.
- organic polymeric carrier materials Cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and / or nonionic organic polymers come into consideration as organic polymeric carrier materials.
- organic polymers which can be used are poly (meth) acrylates, polypeptides, polysaccharides, celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycondensates, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, polyethylene glycol, polyesters, polyurethanes and / or their derivatives.
- Suitable organic cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as e.g. a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose available under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers such as e.g. Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products from BASF.
- cationic cellulose derivatives such as e.g. a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose available under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers such as e.g. Luviquat® (BASF)
- BASF Luviquat®
- Polyglycols and amines such as, for example, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as e.g. Amodimethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides, e.g.
- cationic chitin derivatives such as, for example, quaternized chitosan, optionally microcrystalline, condensation products from dihaloalkylene, such as e.g. Dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, e.g. Bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as e.g. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.
- dihaloalkylene such as e.g. Dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, e.g. Bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane
- cationic guar gum e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese
- quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as
- organic anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymeric carriers are vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers / their acrylamide acrylamide and acrylamide copolymers Octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate / 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinyl caprolactam terpolymers and optionally derivatized cellulose ethers.
- the organic polymeric carriers used are poly (meth) arylates, polypeptides, polysaccharides, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polycondensates, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids and / or their derivatives.
- Suitable poly (meth) acrylates are polymeric compounds which can be formed from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and from their derivatives known from the prior art.
- Polyacrylate / methacrylate e.g. Sokalan® CP 5; BASF
- polyacrylates such as Carbopole® and Pemulen types from Goodrich; Synthalene® from Sigma; Keltrol types from Kelco; Seppic Sepigel types; Salcare types from Allied Colloids
- Polypeptides based on animal protein e.g. collagen
- vegetable protein with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 300,000, preferably 5,000 to 200,000 and in particular 10,000 to 150,000 are suitable as proteins in the context of the invention.
- water soluble proteins are used, e.g. based on wheat protein. In this case, a molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 is particularly preferred. Corresponding proteins based on whey, soy, rice and silk can also be used.
- Protein hydrolyzates with an average molecular weight of 500 to 30,000 are particularly preferably used.
- anionically or cationically modified protein hydrolyzates e.g. Gluadin WQ; Cognis GmbH
- Gluadin WQ anionically or cationically modified protein hydrolyzates
- Polypeptides can also be prepared in a known manner from amino acids and their derivatives, i.e. from carboxylic acids with one or more amino groups in the molecule.
- the proteins or polypeptides can be produced by linking the individual amino acids and any combination thereof, for example amino acids glycine, alanine, serine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, valine, proline, Leucine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine, histidine, L-aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine and their derivatives (for example polyethylene glutamate), which contain at least one COOH and at least one amino group after derivatization.
- Polyasparaginate for example with MG 20,000 (Donlar company) or with MG 2,000-3,000 (Bayer company) are preferred.
- polysaccharides and / or their derivatives are all types of sugar known from the prior art, starch, degraded starch (for example liquid syrup), glycogen, cellulose and their derivatives.
- Chitin is understood to mean amino sugar-containing polysaccharides of the general formula (CsHi3N05) xZ, which usually have molecular weights on the order of 30,000 to 5,000,000 Daltons on average. Chitins consist of chains of ⁇ -1,4-glycosidically linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. The use of chitin with a molecular weight of 50,000 to 2,000,000 daltons is particularly preferred.
- Chitosans are among others biopolymers and belong to the group of hydrocolloids. Chemically speaking, these are partially deacetylated chitins, i.e. amino sugar-containing polysaccharides of different molecular weights, which contain the following - idealized - monomer unit:
- chitosans are cationic biopolymers under these conditions.
- the positively charged chitosans can interact with oppositely charged surfaces and are therefore used in cosmetic hair and body care products and pharmaceuticals Preparations used (see. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Ed., Vol. A6, Weinheim, Verlag Chemie, 1986, pp. 231-232).
- Overviews on this topic are also available, for example, from B. Gesslein et al. in HAPPI 27, 57 (1990), O. Skaugrud in Drug Cosm. Ind. 148: 24 (1991) and E. Onsoyen et al.
- chitosans is based on chitin, preferably the shell remains of crustaceans, which are available in large quantities as cheap raw materials.
- the chitin is used in a process that was first developed by Hackmann et al. has been described, usually first deproteinized by adding bases, demineralized by adding mineral acids and finally deacety- by adding strong bases. liert, whereby the molecular weights can be distributed over a wide range.
- Appropriate methods are, for example, made from Makromol. Chem. 177, 3589 (1976) or French patent application FR 2701266 A.
- Such types are preferably used as are disclosed in German patent applications DE 4442987 A1 and DE 19537001 A1 (Henkel) and which have an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 5,000,000 Daltons, in particular 10,000 to 500,000 or 800,000 to 1,200,000 Daltons, and / or have a Brookfield viscosity (1% by weight in glycolic acid) below 5,000 mPas, a degree of deacetylation in the range from 80 to 88% and an ash content of less than 0.3% by weight.
- chitosans with an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 5,000,000 daltons are used, in a preferred embodiment chitosans with an average molecular weight of 30,000 to 100,000 daltons are used, furthermore chitosans with a molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 daltons are particularly preferred are chitosans with a molecular weight of 800,000 to 1,000,000 daltons.
- anionically or nonionically derivatized chitosans such as e.g. Carboxylation, succinylation or alkoxylation products in question, as are described, for example, in German patent DE 3713099 C2 (L'Oreal) and German patent application DE 19604180 A1 (Henkel).
- polymers have the general structure -CH2CHOH-CH2-CH2OH-, which can also contain small amounts (approx. 2%) of structural units of the type -CH2CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH-.
- polyvinyl alcohols which are offered as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range from preferably 500 to 2500 (molar masses from approximately 20,000 to 100,000 g / mol) and have degrees of hydrolysis from 98 to 99 or 87 up to 89 mol%, thus still contain a residual content of acetyl groups.
- Suitable products preferably have a molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 and in particular 10,000 to 30,000.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidones [poly (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinones) are produced by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone by the process of bulk, solution or suspension polymerization using radical formers (peroxides, azo compounds) as initiators and usually in the presence of ali - phatic amines, which prevent the decomposition of the monomer in acidic medium.
- radical formers peroxides, azo compounds
- the ionic polymerization of the monomer only provides products with low molecular weights.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidones with molecular weights in the range from 2,500 to 75,000, particularly preferably 5,000 to 60,000 and in particular in the range from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol are preferred.
- polypeptides As polypeptides, copolymers of polypeptides with dicarboxylic acids (for example poly- ⁇ -alanine / glutaric acid copolymer), vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetates, polyols and poly (meth) acrylates are suitable.
- Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and (meth) acrylic acids can also be used as polyhydroxycarboxylic acids.
- a particular embodiment is polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, which are produced by polycondensation of polyhydroxy acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the organic polymeric carrier materials can be used in amounts of 0.1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30 and in particular 5 to 20, based on the final concentration.
- Fluidized bed or SKET granulation is understood to mean granulation with simultaneous drying, which is preferably carried out batchwise or continuously in the fluidized bed.
- the nonionic surfactants can be introduced into the fluidized bed, preferably in the form of aqueous pastes, simultaneously or in succession via one or more nozzles.
- Fluidized bed systems which are preferably used have base plates with dimensions of 0.4 to 5 m.
- the SKET granulation is preferably carried out at fluidizing air speeds in the range from 1 to 8 m / s.
- the granules are preferably discharged from the fluidized bed via a size classification of the granules.
- the classification can take place, for example, by means of a sieving device or by means of an opposed air flow (classifying air) which is regulated in such a way that only particles of a certain particle size are removed from the fluidized bed and smaller particles are retained in the fluidized bed.
- the inflowing air is usually composed of the heated or unheated classifier air and the heated bottom air.
- the soil air temperature is between 60 and 400, preferably 60 and 350 ° C.
- the water evaporates from the surfactant paste, which is next to it the surfactant also contains the polymer, whereby dried to dried germs are formed, which are coated with further amounts of surfactant / polymer mixture, granulated and again dried at the same time.
- the result is a surfactant / polymer particle with a surfactant gradient across the grain, which is particularly water-soluble.
- the granulation with simultaneous drying can be carried out without the addition of inorganic salts such as zeolite and soda.
- these surfactant granules have a particle size distribution between 0.02 and 2.0 and in particular between 0.2 and 1.6 mm. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least 70, particularly preferably 75 and in particular 85% by weight of the granules consist of round grains.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in two embodiments - both in the mixer and in the fluidized bed.
- the granulation is preferably carried out in the fluidized bed or in a fluidized bed spray tower.
- the organic polymeric carrier it is possible to present the organic polymeric carrier as a seed and to spray in a highly concentrated paste, for example 30 to 65% by weight, of a nonionic surfactant.
- an organic polymer or mixtures of different polymers - if they are water-soluble - can also be dissolved in the nonionic aqueous surfactant pastes or - if they are water-insoluble - mixed into a kind of "slurry" and then sprayed together or preferably granulated and simultaneously dried by countercurrent hot air.
- nonionic surfactant granules Although the object of the invention is directed to the production of nonionic surfactant granules, other anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic and cationic surfactants can also be used together with these surfactants.
- anionic surfactants are sulfonates, soaps alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin, Alky lethersu If on ate, glycerol ether, ⁇ -methyl ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, Glycerol ether, Fettklareethersulfate, Hydroxymischethersulfate, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide ( ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and Dialkylsulfosuccinannate, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids such as, for example, Acyllac-
- the contain anionic surfactants polyglycol ether chains these can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow homolog distribution.
- Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, or glucoronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkylglucamides, protein hydrolysate based, in particular vegetable polyol fatty acid ester, in particular vegetable sorbitol based on vegetable polyol fatty acid and amine oxides.
- nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution.
- cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as, for example, dimethyldistearylammonium chloride or alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, and esterquats, in particular quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts.
- amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines (such as cocoamidopropyl betaine), aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.
- the surfactants mentioned are exclusively known compounds. With regard to the structure and manufacture of these substances, reference is made to relevant reviews, for example, J.Falbe (ed.), “Surfactants in Consumer Products”, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pp. 54-124 or J.Falbe (ed.), “Catalysts, Tenside und Mineralöladditive ", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pp. 123-217.
- Typical examples of particularly suitable mild, ie particularly skin-compatible, surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, ethercarboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides, alkylamidobetaines, amphoacetals and / or protein fatty acid condensates, preferably based on wheat proteins.
- the mixing ratio between the nonionic surfactants and the other surfactants is largely uncritical and can vary in the range from 10:90 to 90:10.
- the above-described granulation of the aqueous nonionic surfactant / polymer paste is carried out in the presence of a further surfactant paste composed of fatty alcohol sulfates, betaines, coconut monoglyceride sulfates, acylglutamates, esterquats or their mixtures, with simultaneous drying.
- a further surfactant paste composed of fatty alcohol sulfates, betaines, coconut monoglyceride sulfates, acylglutamates, esterquats or their mixtures, with simultaneous drying.
- the aqueous nonionic surfactant / polymer paste is first granulated with simultaneous drying to give the surfactant granules; these surfactant granules are then returned to the fluidized bed as seed material and in the presence of a further surfactant paste made from fatty alcohol sulfate, betaine, coconut Granulated noglyceride sulfate, acyl glutamate and / or mixtures thereof a second time and simultaneously dried.
- the agents according to the invention can be used in surface-active preparations, such as cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations, among others.
- Hair shampoos, hair lotions, foam baths, shower baths, mouth and dental care products, creams, gels, lotions, alcoholic and aqueous / alcoholic solutions, emulsions, wax / fat masses, stick preparations, powders or ointments, cleaning agents, preferably washing, rinsing, cleaning agents - And finishing agents and preparations for treating textiles, preferably ironing aids and the like are used.
- the surfactant granules according to the invention are free-flowing, do not clump and dissolve easily in cold water. They are therefore suitable, for example, for the production of powder detergents and in particular for the production of chunky detergents such as detergent tablets, the granules preferably being added to the tower powders and, e.g. in the case of detergent tablets, this powder mixture is then compressed into the tablets.
- One object of the invention therefore relates to the use of the surfactant granules according to the invention in surface-active preparations, preferably cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations and detergents and cleaning agents, and in particular solid powdery or lumpy detergents and cleaning agents, preferably in tablet form.
- the surface-active preparations can furthermore contain, as further additives, mild surfactants, oil components, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, pearlescent waxes, consistency agents, thickeners, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, stabilizers, biogenic agents, deodorant agents, anti-dandruff agents, film formers, swelling agents, and others Contain UV protection factors, antioxidants, hydrotropes, preservatives, insect repellents, self-tanners, solubilizers, perfume oils, dyes, germ-inhibiting agents and the like.
- mild surfactants oil components, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, pearlescent waxes, consistency agents, thickeners, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, stabilizers, biogenic agents, deodorant agents, anti-dandruff agents, film formers, swelling agents, and others Contain UV protection factors, antioxidants, hydrotropes, preservatives, insect repellents, self-tanners
- Suitable mild, ie particularly skin-compatible surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, ethercarboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides, cocoamidopropyl betaine, alkyl amido betaines, and betaines Cocoamidosulfe- / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.
- Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of branched C6-C13-carboxylic acids with linear C6-C 2 -fatty alcohols, esters of linear C6-C22 fatty acids are particularly suitable as oil components of the required polarity branched alcohols, especially 2-ethylhexanol, esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C6-C22 fatty alcohols, especially dioctyl malates, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, liquid mono- / di- / triglyceride mixtures based on C6-Ci8 fatty acids, esters of C6-C22 fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, especially benzoic acid, esters of
- Substances such as, for example, lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers.
- Pearlescent waxes are: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol distearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15 carbon atoms
- Suitable consistency agents are primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxyfatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and also partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxyfatty acids. A combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates is preferred.
- Suitable thickeners are, for example, Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, ( e.g.
- surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides as well as electrolytes such as table salt and ammonium chloride.
- Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine-, glycoside- and / or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, which can be both liquid and resinous at room temperature.
- Simethicones which are mixtures of dimethicones with an average chain length of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates, are also suitable.
- a detailed overview of suitable volatile silicones can also be found by Todd et al. in Cosm.Toil. 91, 27 (1976).
- Typical examples of fats are glycerides, waxes include Beeswax, camauba wax, candelilla wax, montan wax, paraffin wax, hydrogenated castor oils, fatty acid esters or micro waxes solid at room temperature, optionally in combination with hydrophilic waxes, e.g. Cetylstearyl alcohol or partial glycerides in question.
- waxes include Beeswax, camauba wax, candelilla wax, montan wax, paraffin wax, hydrogenated castor oils, fatty acid esters or micro waxes solid at room temperature, optionally in combination with hydrophilic waxes, e.g. Cetylstearyl alcohol or partial glycerides in question.
- Metal salts of fatty acids such as e.g. Magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate or ricinoleate are used.
- Biogenic active substances are, for example, tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant complex extracts and vitamins.
- Antiperspirants such as aluminum chlorohydates are suitable as deodorant active ingredients. These are colorless, hygroscopic crystals that easily dissolve in the air and arise when aqueous aluminum chloride solutions are evaporated.
- Aluminum chlorohydrate is used to manufacture antiperspirant and deodorant preparations and is likely to act by partially occluding the sweat glands through protein and / or polysaccharide precipitation [cf. J.Soc. Cosm.Chem. 24, 281 (1973)].
- an aluminum chlorohydrate that corresponds to the formula [Al2 (OH) 5CI] * 2.5 H2O and whose use is particularly preferred is commercially available under the brand Locron® from Hoechst AG, Frankfurt / FRG [cf.
- esterase inhibitors can be added as further deodorant active ingredients. These are preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG). Inhibit the substances enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. The cleavage of the citric acid ester probably releases the free acid, which lowers the pH value on the skin to such an extent that the enzymes are inhibited.
- trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG). Inhibit the substances enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. The cleavage of the citric acid ester probably releases the free acid, which lowers the pH value on
- esterase inhibitors include sterolsulfates or phosphates, such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterin, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as, for example, glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipic acid , Monoethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, malonic acid and diethyl malonate, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their esters such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester.
- sterolsulfates or phosphates such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterin, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate
- dicarboxylic acids and their esters such as, for example, glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethy
- Antibacterial agents that influence the bacterial flora and kill sweat-killing bacteria or inhibit their growth can also be contained in the stick preparations.
- Examples include chitosan, phenoxyethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate.
- 5-Chloro-2- (2,4-dichlorophen-oxy) phenol which is sold under the Irgasan® brand by Ciba-Geigy, Basel / CH, has also proven to be particularly effective.
- Climbazole, octopirox and zinc pyrethione can be used as antidandruff agents.
- Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or its salts and similar compounds.
- Montmorillonites, clay minerals, pemules and alkyl-modified carbopol types can serve as swelling agents for aqueous phases. Further suitable polymers or swelling agents can be found in the overview by R. Lochhead in Cosm.Toil. 108, 95 (1993).
- UV light protection factors are understood to mean, for example, organic substances (light protection filters) which are liquid or crystalline at room temperature and which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and absorb the energy absorbed in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. To give off heat again.
- UV-B filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. As oil-soluble substances e.g. to call:
- 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate;
- esters of salicylic acid preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomethyl salicylic acid;
- benzophenone preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
- esters of benzalmalonic acid preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate
- Triazine derivatives such as 2,4,6-trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine and octyl triazone, as described in EP 0818450 A1;
- Propane-1,3-diones such as 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione;
- Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor e.g. 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) benzene-suifonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.
- secondary light stabilizers of the antioxidant type can also be used, which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin.
- Typical examples are amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-camosine, D-camosine, L-camosine and their derivatives (e.g.
- Carotenoids eg ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, lycopene
- chlorogenic acid and their derivatives eg dihydroliponic acid
- aurothioglucose propylthiouracil and other thiols (eg thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, Cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, ⁇ -
- Linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and their derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) as well as sulfoximine compounds (e.g. buthioninsulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, pentoxinsine sulfoximine, Bu -, Hexa-, Heptathioninsulfoximin) in very low tolerable doses (e.g.
- chelators e.g. ⁇ -hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), ⁇ -hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid ), Humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. ⁇ -linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and their derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives, vitamin C and Derivatives (e.g.
- Hydrotropes such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or polyols can also be used to improve the flow behavior.
- Polyols that come into consideration here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups.
- the polyols can also contain further functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are
- Alkylene glycols such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;
- Methyl compounds such as in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;
- Lower alkyl glucosides in particular those with 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as methyl and butyl glucoside;
- Sugar alcohols with 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as sorbitol or mannitol,
- Aminosugars such as glucamine
- Dialcohol amines such as diethanolamine or 2-amino-1, 3-propanediol.
- Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid and the other classes of substances listed in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Cosmetics Regulation.
- N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1, 2-pentanediol or 3535 insect repellants are suitable as insect repellents, and dihydroxyacetone is suitable as a self-tanning agent.
- Perfume oils include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, Oranges), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus), wood (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), Needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and balms (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax).
- Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, Benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether
- the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal
- the ketones include, for example, the jonones, oc-isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol
- the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams.
- fragrance oils of lower volatility which are mostly used as aroma components, are also suitable as perfume oils, for example sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavandin oil.
- bergamot oil dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, ⁇ -hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, Sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allyl amyl glycolate, Cyclovertal, lavandin oil, muscatel Sage oil, ß-damascone, geranium oil bourbon,
- Cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilllate, irotyl and floramate are used alone or in mixtures.
- the dyes which can be used are those substances which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, as compiled, for example, in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes” by the Dye Commission of the German Research Foundation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole.
- germ-inhibiting agents are preservatives with a specific action against gram-positive bacteria, such as, for example, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chlorhexidine (1,6-di- (4-chlorophenyl-biguanido) -hexane) or TCC (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide).
- gram-positive bacteria such as, for example, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chlorhexidine (1,6-di- (4-chlorophenyl-biguanido) -hexane) or TCC (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide).
- Numerous fragrances and essential oils also have antimicrobial properties.
- Typical examples are the active ingredients eugenol, menthol and thymol in clove, mint and thyme oil.
- terpene alcohol farnesol (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol), which is present in the linden blossom oil and has a lily of the valley smell.
- Glycerol monolaurate has also proven itself as a bacteriostatic.
- the proportion of the additional germ-inhibiting agents is usually about 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the solids content of the preparations.
- the detergents and cleaning agents can also contain other typical ingredients, such as, for example, builders, bleaches, bleach activators, detergent boosters, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, graying inhibitors, optical brighteners, soil repellants, foam inhibitors, inorganic salts and fragrances and colorants.
- finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite such as zeolite NaA in detergent quality is used as the solid builder.
- zeolite NaX and mixtures of NaA and NaX are also suitable.
- the zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or as an undried stabilized suspension that is still moist from its manufacture.
- the zeolite can contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated Ci2-Ci8 fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22, in particular 20 to 22% by weight of bound water.
- Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for zeolites are crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula NaMSi x ⁇ 2x + ryH2 ⁇ , where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and is preferred Values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP 0164514 A.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates are those in which M in the general formula stands for sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate a2Si2 ⁇ 5-H2 ⁇ are preferred, with ⁇ -sodium disilicate being able to be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO 91/08171.
- the powder detergents according to the invention preferably contain 10 to 60% by weight of zeolite and / or crystalline layered silicates as solid builders, mixtures of zeolite and crystalline layered silicates in any ratio being particularly advantageous.
- the agents contain 20 to 50% by weight of zeolite and / or crystalline layered silicates.
- agents contain up to 40% by weight of zeolite and in particular up to 35% by weight of zeolite, in each case based on anhydrous active substance.
- Other suitable ingredients of the agents are water-soluble amorphous silicates; they are preferably used in combination with zeolite and / or crystalline layered silicates.
- Particularly preferred are agents which contain, above all, sodium silicate with a molar ratio (module) Na ⁇ O: SiO ⁇ of 1: 1 to 1: 4.5, preferably of 1: 2 to 1: 3.5.
- the content of amorphous sodium silicates in the agents is preferably up to 15% by weight and preferably between 2 and 8% by weight.
- Phosphates such as tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates and orthophosphates can also be present in small amounts in the compositions.
- the content of the phosphates in the compositions is preferably up to 15% by weight, but in particular 0 to 10% by weight.
- the agents can also contain layered silicates of natural and synthetic origin. Layered silicates of this type are known, for example, from patent applications DE 2334899 B, EP 0026529 A and DE 3526405 A. Their usability is not based on a special combination limited or structural formula. However, smectites, especially bentonites, are preferred here. Suitable sheet silicates, which belong to the group of water-swellable smectites, are, for example, those of the general formulas
- the layered silicates can contain hydrogen, alkali, alkaline earth ions, in particular Na + and Ca 2+ .
- the amount of water of hydration is usually in the range of 8 to 20% by weight and depends on the swelling condition or the type of processing.
- Useful sheet silicates are known, for example, from US 3,966,629, US 4,062,647, EP 0026529 A and EP 0028432 A.
- Layer silicates are preferably used which are largely free of calcium ions and strongly coloring iron ions due to an alkali treatment.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons. and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (based on acid).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid, have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally 5,000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000 and in particular 50,000 to 100,000. The use of polymeric polycarboxylates is not absolutely necessary.
- agents are preferred which are biodegradable polymers, for example terpolymers, the monomers acrylic acid and maleic acid or salts thereof, and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or the monomers acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid or containing their salts and sugar derivatives.
- terpolymers which are obtained according to the teaching of German patent applications DE 4221381 A and DE 4300772 A are particularly preferred.
- Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example as described in European patent application EP 0280223 A.
- Preferred polyacetals are derived from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaral Dehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- bleaching agents are, for example, peroxy carbonate, citrate perhydrates and salts of peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxyphthalates or diperoxydodecanedioic acid. They are usually used in amounts of 8 to 25% by weight.
- the use of sodium perborate monohydrate in amounts of 10 to 20% by weight and in particular 10 to 15% by weight is preferred. Due to its ability to bind free water with the formation of the tetrahydrate, it contributes to increasing the stability of the agent.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the preparations.
- these are N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with hydrogen peroxide, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, furthermore carboxylic acid anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate.
- the bleach activator content of the bleach-containing agents is in the usual range, preferably between 1 and 10% by weight and in particular between 3 and 8% by weight.
- Particularly preferred bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine and 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine.
- Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymatic active ingredients obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used. Their proportion can be about 0.2 to about 2% by weight. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition. In addition to the mono- and polyfunctional alcohols and the phosphonates, the agents can contain further enzyme stabilizers.
- sodium formate 0.5 to 1% by weight sodium formate can be used. It is also possible to use proteases which are stabilized with soluble calcium salts and a calcium content of preferably about 1.2% by weight, based on the enzyme.
- proteases which are stabilized with soluble calcium salts and a calcium content of preferably about 1.2% by weight, based on the enzyme.
- boron compounds for example boric acid, boron oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates such as the salts of orthoboric acid (H3BO3), metaboric acid (HBO2) and pyrobic acid (tetraboric acid H2B4O7), is particularly advantageous.
- Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fibers suspended in the liquor and thus preventing graying.
- Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, Gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose. Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be used.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers, such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl carboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, and also polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the composition.
- the agents can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are, for example, salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure which instead of the morpholino- Group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyrene type may also be present, for example the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl , or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.
- Uniformly white granules are obtained if, in addition to the usual brighteners, the agents are present in customary amounts, for example between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 0.3% by weight, and also in small amounts, for example Contain 10- 6 to 10- 3 wt .-%, preferably by 10- 5 wt .-%, of a blue dye.
- a particularly preferred dye is Tinolux® (commercial product from Ciba-Geigy).
- Dirt-repellent polymers (“should repellants”) are substances which preferably contain ethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalate groups, the molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate to polyethylene glycol terephthalate being in the range from 50:50 to 90:10.
- the molecular weight of the linking polyethylene glycol units in particular in the range from 750 to 5,000, ie the degree of ethoxylation of the polymers containing polyethylene glycol groups can be approximately 15 to 100.
- the polymers are distinguished by an average molecular weight of approximately 5,000 to 200,000 and can have a block, but preferably a random structure
- Preferred polymers are those with molar ratios of ethylene terephthalate / polyethylene glycol terephthalate from about 65:35 to about 90:10, preferably from about 70:30 to 80:20.
- Examples of commercially available polymers are the products Milease® T (ICI) or Repelotex® SRP 3 (Rhône-Poulenc).
- foam inhibitors When used in machine washing processes, it can be advantageous to add conventional foam inhibitors to the agents.
- soaps from natural or synthetic future which have a high proportion of Ci8-C24 fatty acids.
- Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally signed silica, and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with signed silica or bistearylethylenediamide.
- Mixtures of various foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicones, paraffins or waxes.
- the foam inhibitors, in particular silicone or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. Mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamides are particularly preferred.
- the total proportion of auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 40,% by weight, based on the composition.
- the agents can be produced by customary cold or hot processes; the phase inversion temperature method is preferably used.
- Table 1 Cosmetic preparations (water, preservative ad 100 wt .-%)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10018812 | 2000-04-15 | ||
| DE10018812A DE10018812A1 (de) | 2000-04-15 | 2000-04-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von nichtionischen Tensidgranulaten |
| PCT/EP2001/003957 WO2001079414A1 (de) | 2000-04-15 | 2001-04-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtionischen tensidgranulaten |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1274826A1 true EP1274826A1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
| EP1274826B1 EP1274826B1 (de) | 2006-06-21 |
Family
ID=7638927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01931574A Expired - Lifetime EP1274826B1 (de) | 2000-04-15 | 2001-04-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtionischen tensidgranulaten |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6846796B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1274826B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE331021T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10018812A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2266196T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001079414A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10163281A1 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Wasch- und reinigungsaktive Zubereitungen, enthaltend feste granuläre nichtion ische Tenside |
| DE10257390A1 (de) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-24 | Ecolab Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Saure Solids |
| US20040265346A1 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-12-30 | Aurore Verloo | Water-in-oil emulsions for use in cosmetics |
| GB0313139D0 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2003-07-09 | Unilever Plc | Detergent component and process for preparation |
| US20050009707A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-13 | Pompeo Michael P. | APG granulates containing agrochemical active ingredients |
| GB2408267A (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-25 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | Treatment block composition for toilets |
| US20060013792A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-19 | Jacqueline Fontaine | Solid water-in-oil cosmetic emulsion |
| US7485613B2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2009-02-03 | Venus Laboratories, Inc. | Low foaming carpet-cleaning detergent concentrate comprised of ethylene oxide adduct and without phosphates |
| US7459420B2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2008-12-02 | Vlahakis E Van | Automatic dishwashing detergent comprised of ethylene oxide adduct and without phosphates |
| DE102005018925A1 (de) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
| DE102006029007A1 (de) * | 2006-06-24 | 2008-01-03 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Feste Tenside in granularer Form |
| ES2292352B1 (es) * | 2006-07-21 | 2009-02-16 | Comercial Frucosol, S.L. | Desengrasante en polvo y metodo de obtencion. |
| GB0714613D0 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2007-09-05 | Unilever Plc | Improvements relating to perfumes |
| US8470756B2 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2013-06-25 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Eco-friendly laundry pretreatment compositions |
| US8216989B2 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2012-07-10 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Cleaning composition for removing/preventing redeposition of protein soils |
| US9055745B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2015-06-16 | Natureza, Inc. | Compositions for internal and external insecticides, ovicides, repellents and wound healing |
| WO2013081863A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-06-06 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Peroxy salt compositions and uses thereof |
| TWI460010B (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-11-11 | Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen | 用以吸附及分解有機污染物之緩釋型複合基質 |
| EP3439676B1 (de) | 2016-04-04 | 2021-06-09 | Omeza LLC | Topische fischölzusammensetzung |
| CA3089629A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid amine oxide, betaine, and/or sultaine surfactants with a carrier |
| WO2019148071A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid anionic surfactants |
| EP3743494B1 (de) | 2018-01-26 | 2025-08-06 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Verfestigendes flüssiges aminoxid-tensid mit einem harnstoff-bindemittel und einem optionalen träger |
| EP4707372A2 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2026-03-11 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Verbesserte persauerstoffstabilität unter verwendung von fettsäure in einem persauerstofffeststoff enthaltenden bleichaktivator |
| EP3969555A1 (de) | 2019-06-21 | 2022-03-23 | Ecolab USA, Inc. | Feste nichtionische tensidzusammensetzungen |
| CN114920565B (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-05-02 | 南通三责精密陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粘结剂喷射打印碳化硅陶瓷复合材料的制造方法 |
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-
2000
- 2000-04-15 DE DE10018812A patent/DE10018812A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-04-06 AT AT01931574T patent/ATE331021T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-06 EP EP01931574A patent/EP1274826B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 ES ES01931574T patent/ES2266196T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 WO PCT/EP2001/003957 patent/WO2001079414A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-06 US US10/257,700 patent/US6846796B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-06 DE DE50110261T patent/DE50110261D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0179414A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001079414A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
| US20030130155A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| ES2266196T3 (es) | 2007-03-01 |
| US6846796B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 |
| ATE331021T1 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
| DE10018812A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
| DE50110261D1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
| EP1274826B1 (de) | 2006-06-21 |
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