EP1269148A1 - Bestimmung des festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten metallkörpers mit thixotropen eigenschaften - Google Patents
Bestimmung des festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten metallkörpers mit thixotropen eigenschaftenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1269148A1 EP1269148A1 EP01925410A EP01925410A EP1269148A1 EP 1269148 A1 EP1269148 A1 EP 1269148A1 EP 01925410 A EP01925410 A EP 01925410A EP 01925410 A EP01925410 A EP 01925410A EP 1269148 A1 EP1269148 A1 EP 1269148A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- cutting wire
- metal body
- measuring device
- wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
- G01N2203/0623—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means using piezoelectric gauges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a measuring device for determining the state of strength and / or the metal flux portion of a preheated metal body with thixotropic properties, and a method therefor.
- the thixoform process fulfills high requirements with regard to the quality and reproducibility of the thixoform parts.
- the automotive industry is placing ever increasing demands on shape and dimension tolerances and on the mechanical properties of the molded parts. Ensuring adequate process stability and optimizing or adhering to the process parameters in the production of thixiform parts therefore require appropriate measures.
- the deformed state of the metal bolt is characterized in particular by the metal flux portion and its distribution, which is determined or influenced by the preheating in the preheating chamber and the subsequent transport into the casting chamber.
- the preheating process is essentially characterized by the preheating temperature, the preheating time and the preheating process
- the metal flux fraction in the thixotropic metal for example, must not leave a certain narrow percentage range.
- the essential parameters must be recorded that determine the deformed state of the thixotropic metal bolt before or when it is imported into the casting chamber, i.e. after preheating in the preheating chamber, write directly or indirectly
- the strength of a thixotropic metal bolt in the deformed state is determined in particular by the degree of softening and the proportion of metal flux in the metal bolt. For example, it is known to cut preheated, thixotropic metal bolts by means of a knife-like device and to determine the proportion of metal flux in the bolt cross section. The method mentioned, however, does not provide satisfactory results, since the use of a knife causes false results, for example due to friction.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a measuring device and an associated reproducible measuring method which makes it possible to determine the strength state and / or the temperature distribution in a thixotropic metal body and therefrom its metal flux content with a high degree of reliability with the least possible expenditure on measurement technology.
- the object is achieved in that the measuring device contains one or more cutting wires arranged at a distance from one another for cutting through the thixotropic metal body and a drive for moving the cutting wire and for cutting the metal body with the cutting wire and means for determining the from the drive to the Cutting wire exerted cutting force and for determining the speed of the cutting wire are provided.
- the cutting wire is preferably clamped between two fork legs, wherein the fork legs can be part of a fork-shaped frame with a connecting part connecting the fork legs.
- the fork-shaped frame is or the fork legs are appropriately attached to a propulsion element driven by the drive.
- the cutting wire is preferably arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction or pressing direction of the metal body.
- the components or sub-devices of the measuring device e.g. fork-shaped frames or fork legs or drive are preferably carried by a support structure, which can also include, for example, guide rails or rods, in particular vertical guide rails, for moving partial devices, such as fork-shaped frames or fork legs.
- the metal body can be in any geometrical shape.
- the metal bodies are in the form of zy-shaped metal bolts.
- the metal boizen can for example have a diameter of 50 to 200 mm, in particular 90 to 110 mm.
- the length of the metal bolt can be 250 to 500 mm, in particular 270 mm.
- the invention preferably relates to metal bodies made of aluminum, an aluminum or magnesium alloy with thixotropic properties
- the cutting wire is expediently a metal wire with a high tensile strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures.
- the cutting wire is made of, for example, hot-work steel.
- the cutting wire is preferably made of a nickel-chromium alloy GE ⁇ called alloy may further elements, such as manganese, iron, silicon, copper, titanium, or carbon, particularly contain suitable nickel-chromium alloys for cutting wires are also among the alloy name "NIMONIC" known
- the cutting wire expediently has a thickness of 0.1 to 1.2 mm, preferably 0.4 to 1.0 mm, in particular 0.8 mm.
- the cutting wire is expediently clamped between two fork legs or in a frame with fork legs.
- the said frame is preferably U-shaped, in particular fork-shaped, and has two fork legs arranged at a distance from one another and connected to one another by a connecting part, wherein fork legs and connecting part consist, for example, of one Part is manufactured or jointed
- the cutting wire is appropriately clamped and fixed on the fork legs, in particular on the free ends of the fork legs.
- the cutting wire is expediently fastened under tension between the two fork legs.
- the cutting wire is fastened, for example, to the frame or the fork legs via a detachable screw connection, so that a defective cutting wire can be easily exchanged.
- the wire has a thickening, preferably a soldered-on metal bead, at one end.
- the other free end of the cutting wire is passed through a screw that is inserted into a threaded opening on the first fork leg until said metal thread is in contact with the opening on the screw head of the screw that has been drilled through.
- the second free end is on the opposite, second fork leg, e.g. by means of a screw connection, clamped
- the wire can be tensioned or loosened by turning the screw through the first fork leg.
- the frame is expediently coupled to a drive, for example to a switching motor, via a propulsion element, which is preferably fixed centrally on the connecting part.
- a drive for example to a switching motor
- a propulsion element which is preferably fixed centrally on the connecting part.
- the frame can be moved, in particular moved linearly, and the cutting wire can be guided through the metal body.
- the drive element can be a jacking rod, for example.
- the cutting wire or the fork legs that clamp the cutting wire can also be coupled to a drive in some other way.
- a load cell e.g. a pressure sensor.
- the load cell is preferably a pressure sensor operating according to the piezoelectric principle.
- the load cell is used to determine the force exerted on the frame or on the cutting wire via the front secondary element for cutting through the thixotropic metal body, also called cutting force or driving force.
- the load cell can also be arranged at another suitable location between the drive and the cutting wire.
- more than one, preferably three such, advantageously at equal intervals transverse to the longitudinal direction of the metal body parallel cutting wires or cutting wire guiding frames are used.
- the connecting parts of the individual frames are advantageously fastened in the center of a common front secondary element, to which the cutting force generated by the drive is transmitted. This arrangement achieves a uniform cutting speed over all cutting wires.
- load cells in particular of the aforementioned type, are in turn arranged to record the cutting force exerted on the individual cutting wire.
- the cutting wire or wires are preferably arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the thixotropic metal body, in particular at an angle of 90 ° (degrees of angle) transversely to the aforementioned longitudinal axis.
- the cutting wire or the cutting wires can also be arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the metal body or at any angle to the longitudinal axis mentioned.
- the frame containing the cutting wire, or the fork legs receiving the cutting wire can be fastened to a support, for example to a horizontally mounted support, the support being expediently linearly movable, in particular movable in the vertical direction, in guide rails of a support structure, so that the carrier with the frame or the cutting wire can be moved linearly, in particular in the vertical direction, in a uniform movement.
- the fork legs can also be attached directly to the carrier, so that the carrier also forms the connecting part and is part of the frame.
- the carrier is expediently driven directly or indirectly via a front secondary element by means of a drive unit, in particular by means of a switching motor.
- a carrier can run several cutting wires in the manner described. Furthermore, several carriers can also be provided, each carrier guiding a cutting wire in the manner described above.
- the measured cutting force provides information about the state of strength and thus about the quality of the thixotropic metal bolt. Furthermore, a relationship can be derived between the metal flux content in the thixotropic metal bolt and the determined cutting force. For this purpose, the temperature distribution in the metal body is measured, from which the metal flux portion in the thixotropic metal bolt can be determined. If, in addition to the temperature, the cutting force is also determined, the cutting force can be related to the metal flux portion.
- one or more temperature meters for determining the temperature along the cutting line can be attached to the cutting wire, preferably at uniform distances from one another.
- the temperature meter is preferably a thermocouple, in particular a sheathed thermocouple with two thermal wires which contain a, for example soldered, welded or crimped, thermally effective connection point.
- the thermocouples and in particular the sheathed thermometer are, for example, in "Taschenbuch der Messtechnik, Jörg Hoffmann, subuchverlag Leipzig published by Carl Hanser Verlag , 1998, pp. 132-135 ".
- the thermocouple is expediently connected to the cutting wire at its thermally effective connection point, for example by welding or soldering.
- the sheathed tube is preferably soldered or welded to the cutting wire, the thermally effective connection point preferably being welded to the sheathed tube.
- the thermally active connection point of the sheathed thermocouple can also be exposed and welded or soldered to the cutting wire.
- the thermal wires can have a thickness of e.g. Have 0.4 to 0.6 mm and are expediently led away from the cutting wire against the cutting direction.
- the thermal wires are also connected to an electronic evaluation circuit via a so-called comparison point.
- the measurements by means of a cutting wire through the cross section of a thixotropic metal body result in a two-dimensional image of the cutting force applied and, from this, the strength and, if temperature meters are provided, the temperature distribution through the cross section mentioned.
- a three-dimensional image of the strength and / or the temperature of the thixotropic metal body can thus be determined by means of interpolation from a plurality of such measurement cross sections along the metal body, which are determined simultaneously If, for example, as described above, the temperature distribution in the thixotropic metal bolt is measured in addition to the cutting force, the distribution of the metal flux fraction in the metal body can be derived from the determined temperature values, so that the distribution of the metal flux fraction can be directly related to the cutting forces also determined , In subsequent measurements, the determination of the cutting forces is usually sufficient to determine the metal flux fraction.
- the metal body which is preferably a cylinder-shaped metal bolt, expediently lies in a trough-shaped bolt holder.
- the bolt holder has one or more continuous stomata in the wall transversely to its longitudinal direction, for the purpose of passing the cutting wire through the metal bolt.
- the stud holder can be heat-insulated and / or heated to reduce the heat loss from the stud, for example to a temperature of up to 600 ° C.
- the inner wall of the stud holder expediently consists of a high-melting metal or a ceramic material or a combination of both materials.
- the wall of the bolt holder preferably consists of a composite material, the composite material having an outer wall made of a high-melting metal and this outer wall receiving an inner wall made of a warm-insulating ceramic material
- the high-melting metal can be copper or a copper alloy. Further high-melting metals can be iron- or carbon-containing metals, preferably steel, in particular tool, hot work or stainless steel
- the ceramic material can contain or consist of an Al 2 0 3 , Al 3 0 4 , BN, SiC, Si 3 N 4 , MgO, TiO or Zr0 2 .
- the bolt holder is expediently movably arranged in the measuring device, so that it can be moved, in particular horizontally, to insert and remove the bolt from the measuring device.
- the bolt holder is linearly movable, in particular horizontally movable, mounted on rails, the rails being able to be integrated, for example, in the support structure of the measuring device.
- a contact switch can be provided in such a way that the cutting wire or a device part, for example a fork leg, touches the contact switch after cutting through the metal bolt and a control pulse is generated to end the measuring process and to stop the cutting wire
- a further device for cleaning the cutting wire ie for removing metal and oxide deposits on the wire before the subsequent measurement, is preferably provided on the measuring device.
- the cutting wire can also be exchanged after each measurement run, ie replaced by a new, clean wire become.
- the measuring device also contains a data acquisition, control and evaluation unit in which the measurement signals of the measuring devices, such as load cells, position detectors, thermocouples, transmitted via data lines are recorded, registered and processed, and via which instructions, e.g. the control of the measurement process can be carried out.
- a data acquisition, control and evaluation unit in which the measurement signals of the measuring devices, such as load cells, position detectors, thermocouples, transmitted via data lines are recorded, registered and processed, and via which instructions, e.g. the control of the measurement process can be carried out.
- input devices for input of e.g. measurement parameters, instructions and control commands, as well as output devices such as a screen or printer for output of, for example, parameters can be connected to the data acquisition, control and evaluation unit
- the invention also relates to a method for determining the strength and the metal flux content of a preheated metal body with thixotropic properties by means of a aforementioned measuring device, which is characterized in that one or more cutting wires arranged parallel to one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the metal body through one or more cross sections on Thixotropic metal bodies are driven through and the cutting force to be used for the individual cutting wire and the speed of the cutting wire are continuously recorded over the entire cross-section depending on the position of the cutting wire in the metal body and with reference to the measured cutting force, speed and position of the cutting wire and the geometrical nature the cutting wire and the thixotropic metal body as well as the length of the active cutting wire the strength within the thixotropic metal body s the characteristic size, which reflects the average cross-section, is calculated
- the active cutting wire is the section of wire that is in direct contact with the cutting surface in the metal body.
- the active length therefore changes continuously, for example in a cylindrical metal bolt, with progressive cutting depending on the depth of penetration.
- Measurement parameters are, for example, the measurement frequency (measurement frequency), the basic speed of the cutting wire, the active length of the cutting wire depending on the position of the cutting wire or the depth of penetration, or the geometry of the cutting wire and the metal bolt.
- the metal body is preferably preheated in an induction furnace and transferred from the recipient to the bolt holder of the measuring device with as little time delay as possible, whereby it must be ensured that the soft metal bolt does not undergo any distortion of the measurements during the displacement, but is transferred to the bolt holder as smoothly as possible and is driven into the measuring device, for example, on a rail-guided carriage.
- the measuring device or the support frame receiving the measuring device, can itself be movable, in particular horizontally movable, mounted, in particular horizontally movable on rails, and can be used for measurement via fixed, bolt holder and, if necessary, fixed in the measuring position.
- the frame i.e. the cutting wire is preferably driven through the metal body at a constant basic speed.
- the basic speed of the cutting wire stands for an average, fluctuation-adjusted wire speed, which is determined, for example, by smoothing the wire speed curve.
- the wire speed is the fluctuating, effective speed of the cutting wire.
- a constant basic speed of the cutting wire is aimed for by making the smallest changes in the wire speed, e.g. caused by changing cutting forces are recorded and control commands for changing the drive power are output to the stepper motor via the control unit. Since the cutting force to be applied can increase or decrease abruptly in limit zones of different strength of the metal body, speed fluctuations or fluctuations occur which can only be compensated for with a delay by additional or reduced driving force, so that even with a highly sensitive measuring system effective wire speed always fluctuates. The speed measurement is therefore used in particular to record these speed fluctuations.
- the basic speed of the cutting wire can be, for example, 10 to 30 mm / s, in particular 15 to 20 mm / s.
- the speed fluctuations can have, for example, speed deviations of up to 10 to 20% of the basic speed of the cutting wire.
- the basic cutting force can be kept constant with a variable cutting speed.
- the determined, changing cutting speed can thus be used to make conclusions about the strength or the metal flux content in the metal bolt.
- the basic cutting force here also stands for a fluctuation-adjusted average size.
- the measurement of the cutting force also serves here to record the fluctuations mentioned.
- Cutting through the metal bolt with the cutting wire takes e.g. around 1 to 8 s (seconds), in particular 3 to 4 s and with a device with three to four cutting wires, e.g. around 10 to 20 s.
- the cutting wire or the measuring process are stopped after the metal bolt has been completely cut through, preferably by touching a contact switch. Furthermore, it can be provided that the measurement value acquisition is started when a certain cutting force is exceeded, which corresponds to the impact of the cutting wire on the surface of the metal bolt and the cutting wire is stopped when a maximum cutting force is exceeded, so that damage to the cutting wire due to excessive stress is prevented
- the time-dependent wire speed v (t) can be determined either directly or indirectly by measuring the time-dependent position of the wire s (t) or a device part moved in synchronism.
- the time-dependent position of a device part moved is determined, for example, by means of a position switch by the position button the distance covered by the wire is continuously recorded as a function of time.
- Calculation of the speed of the cutting wire based on the position measurement s (t) is expediently calculated at discrete, for example, aquidistant, times.
- the discrete speed values determined in this way are preferably filtered by numerical methods.
- a continuous speed curve v (t) is preferably calculated using numerical interpoation methods
- the continuously registered measurement signals for speed or wire position, for cutting force and possibly for temperatures are transferred via data lines to a data acquisition, control and evaluation unit, which converts the measurement signals into measurement values and determines meaningful calculation values.
- the computing unit also supplies the control signals for regulating the drive to the stepping motor for speed compensation on the basis of the determined speed changes in real time via data line
- the strength through the cross section of a metal body is expediently represented by the calculation size of the "equivalent shear stress” r.
- the "equivalent Shear stress "T can be calculated from the” equivalent cutting force "Fv, the wire diameter d w , and the" active length of the wire ", the calculation function
- the "equivalent cutting force" F o can be derived from the approximation function:
- the "equivalent shear stress" ⁇ therefore also takes into account the influence of the speed fluctuations, which are also recorded as described above, and is a preferred variable for assessing the strength of the metal body.
- the “relative dynamic viscosity” can also be used to assess the strength.
- the “relative dynamic viscosity” can also be used to assess the strength.
- the detection of the strength and possibly the temperature state of the thixotropic metal body allows the determination of the metal flux content in the metal body, which should preferably be distributed as homogeneously as possible and should be within a certain range.
- the optimal, averaged metal flux content in the thixotropic metal body is 40-55% by weight. If the metal flux content is too high, the thixoforming of thixotropic metal takes place under almost the same conditions as the die-casting of liquid metal alloys, so that, for example, the advantage of low shrinkage of thixotropic material when cooling in the mold cavity is lost, or the thixotropic metal body is sheared off surrounding oxide skin is difficult or impossible
- the heating parameters for different thixotropic materials can be determined or optimized.
- the optimization of the heating curves, ie the temperature as a function of the heating time, should therefore also aim to be as short as possible.
- zen heating time a predetermined ideal strength state, that is.
- Metal flux portion with a homogeneous distribution in the whole thixotropic metal body.
- the homogeneity of the thixotropic state, i.e. the distribution of the metal flux portion over the length of the metal body and its cross section is generally better the slower the preheating process is carried out; on the other hand, the shortest possible heating-up time is desired for economic reasons.
- the measuring method according to the invention can thus be used on the one hand to optimize the thixoforming process and on the other hand to monitor a thixoforming process, in particular to monitor the preheating process. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for monitoring the preheating furnace D h.
- the regularity of the heating power or the heating process of a preheating furnace can be checked by periodically measuring the strength and determining the metal flux content of preheated thixotropic metal bodies
- the metal flux fraction and its distribution in the preheated thixotropic metal body can be determined and monitored by periodic measurement or determination of the strength (e.g. in the form of the equivalent shear stress or dynamic viscosity) of thixobolts
- the above-mentioned measurement is carried out.
- Cutting through the thixotropic metal coper can cause it to be completely separated into individual slices.
- the cut or severed metal body is usually not pressed into a thixiform part. Therefore, the measuring method according to the invention is preferably used for random sampling or periodic detection of the strength state of thixotropic metal bodies.
- FIG. 1 Schematic representation of a measuring device according to the invention
- Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the cutting force to be applied by a preheated metal bolt with a homogeneous distribution of the metal flux portion
- FIG. 5 Graphical representation of the course of speed v, cutting force F, and equivalent shear force S through the cross section of the preheated thixotropic metal bolt according to FIG. 4.
- the measuring device 1 is carried by a support frame 16 with vertical supports 17 (FIG. 1).
- a bolt holder 3 is attached to a carriage 10 and receives the preheated thixotropic metal bolt 2 to be measured.
- the bolt holder 3 is insulated from the support surface of the metal bolt 2 (not shown), so that the metal bolt 2 experiences as little heat loss as possible on its support surface.
- the carriage 10 is horizontally displaceably mounted in guide rails 11.
- Two fork legs 20 receiving a cutting wire 5 are attached to a cross member 14, the fork legs 20 and the cross member 14 forming the connecting part forming a frame 4.
- the cross member 14 is guided by vertical guide rods 15, which are fastened between the front and rear supports 17 on the support frame 16.
- the frame 4 can be moved by a stepping motor 6 in the vertical direction via a propulsion rod 18, the cross member 14 being guided in the guide rods 15.
- a pressure sensor 8 a so-called piezometer, is attached between the propulsion rod 18 and the cross member 14, with which the cutting force A applied to the cutting wire 5 can be determined continuously.
- the pressure sensor 8 delivers the measurement data to a data acquisition, control and evaluation unit 12 via a data line 13c.
- the position of the cutting wire 5 as a function of time can be detected continuously by means of the position switch 7 indirectly by measuring the displacement of a device part carried along.
- the measurement data of the position sensor 7 are forwarded to the data acquisition, control and evaluation unit 12 by means of data line 13a, in which the wire speed is determined from the incoming measurement data.
- the data acquisition, control and evaluation unit 12 also supplies control signals for regulating the wire speed to the stepping motor 6 via a data line 13d.
- Sheathed thermocouples 9 with their thermally effective connection points are soldered to the cutting wire 5 at different locations, at an equal distance from one another.
- the thermal wires 9a are brought together in the electronic evaluation circuit 9b.
- the possibly processed measurement data of the thermocouples 9 are transmitted to the data acquisition, control and evaluation unit 12 via a data line 13b.
- the device described with reference to the drawings can, in a modified version, also do without the aforementioned temperature measuring devices.
- Input 21 and output device 22, such as a printer or monitor, are also connected to the data acquisition, control and evaluation unit 12.
- measurement parameters such as wire diameter d 1, active length ... of the cutting wire 5 depending on its position or depth of penetration, geometry of the metal bolt, basic speed, measurement frequency and control commands can be recorded.
- the heated metal bolt 2 is transferred from its heating container into the bolt holder 3.
- the metal bolt 2 on the bolt holder 3 is then moved into the measuring position by the carriage 10.
- the cutting wire 5 is driven vertically into the metal bolt 2 at a uniform basic speed.
- a continuous gap opening (not shown) is provided in the bolt holder 3 for passing the cutting wire 5 through.
- the data acquisition, control and evaluation unit 12 calculates various characteristic quantities and their courses or distributions, such as the course of the cutting force and the speed as well as the distribution of the temperature, from the incoming measurement signals. Furthermore, strength values such as the "equivalent cutting force” become from the measurement data "Fvo, the" relative dynamic viscosity "r ⁇ rei and in particular the” equivalent shear force "tvo determined. To determine the “equivalent shear force” Tv ", the active length ... of the cutting wire 5 is determined, inter alia, on the basis of the position values detected by means of the position switch 7, depending on the depth of penetration.
- results obtained can be output on a screen or printer, for example in the form of tables, curves, graphical representations.
- parameter changes for the preheating furnace are calculated and carried out directly from the calculated parameters for the purpose of optimizing the stud state, or that the distribution of the metal flux fraction in the thixotropic metal bolt is determined and output from the calculated parameters.
- three frames 4 'with cutting wires 5' can be arranged one behind the other transversely to the longitudinal direction of the metal bolt 2 'parallel to one another (FIG. 3).
- the frames 4 ' are connected via a connecting element 19' to a propulsion rod 18 'which is driven by a shift motor (not shown).
- Pressure sensors are arranged between the individual frames 4 'and the connecting element 19'. With this measuring arrangement, three measurement cross sections are recorded simultaneously through the metal bolt, from which a three-dimensional image of the strength distribution within the metal bolt can be determined by means of data acquisition, control and evaluation unit, if necessary by means of interpolation. In some cases, the temperature distribution can be determined with a previously described measuring device after appropriate equipping with jacket thermocouples, as described above, and displayed three-dimensionally by means of interpolation.
- a preheated thixotropic metal bolt with a homogeneous distribution of the metal flux portion is cut with a cutting wire at a constant basic speed transverse to its longitudinal direction.
- the cutting force (F) required for cutting through the metal bolt is measured and recorded as a function of time (t) (FIG. 2).
- the curve 45 of the cutting force shows an arcuate course, the cutting force (F) being maximum in the center of the metal bolt.
- the curve shape obtained is due to the fact that the measured cutting force (F) depends not only on the strength of the metal bolt on the cutting line, but also on the active wire length, i.e. on the length of the cutting line, in which case the cutting force depends on the flow of the active one Wire length is dominated, which reaches a maximum in the middle of the metal bolt.
- FIG. 4 shows the temperature distribution of a thixotropic metal bolt 41 made of aluminum (AIMgS ⁇ 7) with a diameter of around 102 mm, which is preheated under predetermined heating parameters and simulated by means of a computing model.
- the metal bolt 41 rests in a bolt receptacle 42 made of steel.
- the bolt section with the brightest surface fill at the upper edge of the metal bolt indicates the zone of greatest heating with a temperature of around 595 ° C.
- the temperature in the zones with darkening surface filling decreases increasingly and reaches a minimum in the "cold core" 43 of the metal bolt with a temperature value of around 580 ° C., which is represented by a black surface filling.
- the long-awaited Tene cooling of the metal bolt on its contact surface to the recipient 42 are removed.
- a thixotropic metal bolt heated according to the heating parameters specified for FIG. 4 is examined according to the inventive method in a cross section transverse to its longitudinal direction with regard to strength (FIG. 5).
- the course of the "equivalent shear stress” 33 calculated from these data and further fixed parameters shows a marked decrease (a) in the shear stress at the beginning of the recording, which is attributable to the so-called “skin effect", that is to say the cutting wire pierces with an increased Force the surface of the metal bolt.
- the curve section (d) with high shear stresses reflects the firmer, cooler core 43 of the metal bolt 41 (see FIG. 4).
- the measuring range (d) of high shear stresses is shifted towards the end of the measurement and therefore does not occur when crossing the center of the metal bolt.
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01925410A EP1269148B1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-09 | Bestimmung des festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten metallkörpers mit thixotropen eigenschaften |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00810247 | 2000-03-22 | ||
| EP00810247A EP1136809A1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Bestimmung des Festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten Metallköpers mit thixotropen Eigenschaften |
| EP01925410A EP1269148B1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-09 | Bestimmung des festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten metallkörpers mit thixotropen eigenschaften |
| PCT/EP2001/002666 WO2001071313A1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-09 | Bestimmung des festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten metallkörpers mit thixotropen eigenschaften |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1269148A1 true EP1269148A1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
| EP1269148B1 EP1269148B1 (de) | 2003-10-29 |
Family
ID=8174613
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00810247A Withdrawn EP1136809A1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Bestimmung des Festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten Metallköpers mit thixotropen Eigenschaften |
| EP01925410A Expired - Lifetime EP1269148B1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-09 | Bestimmung des festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten metallkörpers mit thixotropen eigenschaften |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00810247A Withdrawn EP1136809A1 (de) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Bestimmung des Festigkeitszustandes eines vorgewärmten Metallköpers mit thixotropen Eigenschaften |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1136809A1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE253217T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001252177A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50100878D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2208589T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001071313A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108214953A (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 孟静 | 高强度脆性材料加工方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2370345C1 (ru) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-10-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Волгоградский государственный технический университет (ВолгГТУ) | Способ определения допустимой скорости резания в условиях многоинструментальной настройки |
| CN102049579B (zh) * | 2009-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 上海日进机床有限公司 | 具有立柱式机架的金刚线截断机 |
| JP5271393B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-08-21 | 三星ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 | レーザスクライブ装置 |
| FR3043773B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-17 | 2019-03-29 | Institut National Des Sciences Appliquees De Lyon | Systeme de controle du serrage d’un assemblage boulonne (101), l’assemblage boulonne, dispositif de bridage et procede de controle associes. |
| CN109596333B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-28 | 湘潭大学 | 一种数控热缩刀杆装刀疲劳试验装置 |
| CN113029751B (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-12-16 | 天津大学 | 一种用于铅铋环境下的原位力学试验装置 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4164140A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-08-14 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method and apparatus for measuring material properties related to strength |
| JP3566449B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-27 | 2004-09-15 | 信越半導体株式会社 | ワイヤソーによるワーク切断方法 |
| GB2337822B (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2002-04-24 | Univ Sheffield | Material characterisation |
-
2000
- 2000-03-22 EP EP00810247A patent/EP1136809A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-03-09 AT AT01925410T patent/ATE253217T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-09 ES ES01925410T patent/ES2208589T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-09 DE DE50100878T patent/DE50100878D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-09 AU AU2001252177A patent/AU2001252177A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-09 WO PCT/EP2001/002666 patent/WO2001071313A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-09 EP EP01925410A patent/EP1269148B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0171313A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108214953A (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 孟静 | 高强度脆性材料加工方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001252177A1 (en) | 2001-10-03 |
| WO2001071313A1 (de) | 2001-09-27 |
| ATE253217T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
| ES2208589T3 (es) | 2004-06-16 |
| EP1269148B1 (de) | 2003-10-29 |
| EP1136809A1 (de) | 2001-09-26 |
| DE50100878D1 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
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