EP1261830A1 - Verfahren zum entdecken von fehlern in einer kühlanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum entdecken von fehlern in einer kühlanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP1261830A1 EP1261830A1 EP01911457A EP01911457A EP1261830A1 EP 1261830 A1 EP1261830 A1 EP 1261830A1 EP 01911457 A EP01911457 A EP 01911457A EP 01911457 A EP01911457 A EP 01911457A EP 1261830 A1 EP1261830 A1 EP 1261830A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- cooling point
- load
- point
- warning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting faults in a cooling system with several cooling points, in which the most heavily loaded cooling point is continuously determined according to a predetermined scheme.
- cooling system in a supermarket, in which the cooling points are formed by individual sales counters. In these sales counters, chilled or frozen goods are kept ready so that a customer can look at them and remove them from the cupboards.
- the invention is not limited to supermarkets or the like, but can basically be used wherever a cooling system has several cooling points that can be operated with different loads.
- the term "cooling system" is intended to include all systems that serve to generate refrigeration, including those that would otherwise be called freezing systems.
- a temperature warning This is referred to below as a "temperature warning”.
- a warning is often only given long after the actual error has already occurred. The error must then be remedied relatively quickly so that the chilled goods do not spoil or suffer a loss in quality. The urgency of troubleshooting is one of the reasons why such repairs are costly. This is especially true if they have to be carried out at night or at the weekend.
- the invention has for its object to indicate a possible error as early as possible.
- This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by creating a load pattern for the cooling points and generating a warning if the load pattern deviates from at least one predetermined parameter.
- the "continuous" determination of the most heavily loaded cooling point does not necessarily mean that this determination is carried out continuously over time. Rather, it is sufficient to carry out the determination in smaller time intervals, the time intervals should be adapted to the thermal time constant of the cooling system.
- a fault is not caused by elements of the cooling system itself, but by human error.
- the door is left open on a refrigerated display case or in a cold room.
- Another example that cannot be detected directly with the aid of a temperature warning system is the incorrect stacking of goods, in which goods are stacked too high in a refrigerated display case, so that the cold layer in the display case cannot be maintained.
- the showcase works inefficiently because surrounding warm air flows into the refrigerated showcase and has to be cooled.
- the refrigerated display case must therefore provide more cooling capacity in order to maintain the desired temperature.
- the load is preferably continuously determined locally at each cooling point. In this case, you can determine the most heavily used cooling point at any time, because the load data is available locally at every cooling point. With a microprocessor, for example, when the most heavily used cooling point is to be determined, all the cooling points can be queried in order and the most heavily used cooling point can be found by comparing the load data.
- continuous does not necessarily mean continuous, but the exposure data can also be determined discretely in time.
- a temperature-dependent variable at the cooling point is preferably used as the load criterion.
- a temperature-dependent variable can be determined with relatively simple measures, namely with a temperature sensor that is almost always present. There is therefore no need to intervene in the refrigerant circuit.
- T v is the temperature at the cooling point
- T Cut0ut for example, in the refrigerated showcase
- ⁇ c u t i n th e temperature at the cooling position is switched on.
- ⁇ REL expresses the deviation from the temperature T Cut o ut to the current cooling point, weighted in relation to the distance between the temperatures T CutIn and T Cut o u t - in particular in connection with a "two-point control" in which If the temperature T Cut ⁇ n is used for switching on and the temperature T Cut o ut for switching off the cooling point, this load variable is relatively easy to obtain. Filtering can take place, for example, by newly determining a load L from
- L ALT is the previously determined and, if necessary, filtered load.
- This filter eliminates sudden changes in the load expression.
- this is preferably regarded as the most heavily loaded cooling point until its state changes or a predetermined time is exceeded, and only then is the most heavily loaded cooling point again determined.
- This procedure has the advantage that the effort for determining the most heavily loaded cooling point can be kept to a minimum. If a cold store is identified as the most heavily loaded, this first assumes that this cooling point cools. When the cooling point has reached the necessary or desired low temperature, it switches off. This change in state can be used as a signal to search again for the most heavily used cooling point. Another criterion would be, for example, that a defrosting process begins at this cooling point, which is either started from time to time or depending on other criteria, such as a frost load.
- the cooling point does not change its state over a predetermined period of time.
- a security barrier is used, so to speak, and after this predetermined period of time has elapsed, it is checked whether the cold store is still the most heavily used.
- the times are preferably summed up in which the cooling point in question is regarded as the most heavily used cooling point. This simplifies the evaluation and creation of a load pattern. The only thing that is checked is how long a cold store is to be regarded as the most heavily used cold store. Only these times are then used for the evaluation.
- An immediate warning is preferably generated if a cooling point is the most stressed cooling point for more than a predetermined continuous period of time. This can indicate an error that should be checked as soon as possible.
- the predetermined coherent period of time may, for example, be of the order of an hour. Such an error occurs, for example, when the door of a cold room or a refrigerated display case is open has been left or goods have been stacked too high in the refrigerated display case. Such an error is not immediately noticeable. However, it has the consequence that the corresponding cooling point must be regarded as the most heavily used cooling point over a relatively long period of time. In this case, a warning is issued immediately so that the operator of the cooling system can intervene.
- a long-term warning can be generated if a cooling point is the most stressed cooling point for more than a predetermined portion of a predetermined period.
- a predetermined period for example during the opening hours of a supermarket of 12 hours, that each cold store has a certain share of the times when it is the most heavily used cold store. Due to different locations or different loads, the proportions of the individual cooling points can of course shift somewhat. In most cases, this statistical division can be determined beforehand by calculation or by trial and error. If this division changes somewhat without external influences, such as regrouping of the showcases or the like, being apparent, then this indicates a developing error which must be investigated and, if necessary, eliminated.
- a warning can be generated if the load pattern of a period differs by more than a tolerance range from a load pattern of a predetermined earlier period.
- a tolerance range On a statistical average, it can be assumed that the load pattern remains unchanged over time. smaller Fluctuations are of course possible at any time without having to indicate an error. However, if there are major deviations, these indicate an error that must be warned of.
- Fig. 3 is a flow chart for explaining the control of an evaporator
- Fig. 4 is a flow chart for explaining the determination of a load pattern.
- cooling system 1 shows a cooling system 1 with a cooling circuit, which in the present case has three cooling points 2, 3, 4 connected in parallel.
- Each cooling point has an expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6 and an evaporator control unit 7.
- elements of the cooling points 2, 3, 4 of the same type need not be the same elements, these elements are additionally identified with a, b, c for the cooling points 2, 3, 4.
- the evaporators are connected to a compressor system 8, which in turn is connected to a condenser 9 which has a plurality of fans 10 in order to dissipate heat.
- the capacitor 9 is connected to a collector 11.
- the compressor system 8 and the condenser are controlled by a control unit 13 which regulates the condenser pressure, for example with the aid of a pressure sensor 12.
- the entire cooling system is controlled and / or monitored by a central control unit 14.
- Collector 11 passes the coolant through the expansion valves 5a, 5b, 5c into the evaporators 6a, 6b, 6c, where it evaporates while absorbing heat from the environment, in order to reach the compressors as gaseous coolant.
- Each cooling point 2, 3, 4 is now controlled by the evaporator control unit 7a, 7b, 7c assigned to it.
- These local evaporator control devices 7a, 7b, 7c are connected to the central control unit 14.
- each Control unit 7 controls the expansion valve as a function of the temperature, which is determined with a temperature sensor 15, in the following manner, which is to be explained with reference to FIG. 2.
- the temperature sensor 15 determines a temperature T v , for example the temperature in a refrigerated display case.
- Two temperatures T Cu i n unc * T Cu _ tout are specified as long as T v is less than T Cut i n / no cooling takes place (t ⁇ t 2 in FIG. 2), ie no coolant into the evaporator 6 is directed. If T v exceeds the temperature T Cut ⁇ n , the cooling of the cooling point begins (t 2 ⁇ t ⁇ t 3 ) and coolant is passed into the evaporator 6. Cooling lasts until the moment when T v T again Cut0ut un ⁇ terschreitet. At this moment (t 3 ) the expansion valve 5 will close and only open when T v again exceeds the temperature T Cut ⁇ n .
- the evaporator is in the Tcu state when it cools and in the T Cutout state when there is no cooling.
- the respective evaporator 6 can be defrosted.
- Defrosting can be carried out in different ways, for example by electrical heating of the air surrounding the evaporator 6, or by hot refrigerant, which is not shown in detail, but is known per se.
- the frost that has built up on and around the evaporator will melt. This state of the evaporator during defrosting is called the defrosting state.
- the cooling point can be in a closed state, for example when it is switched off, or it can be loaded with sensor errors, which the evaporator control unit 7 can determine in each case.
- the compressor control unit 13 regulates the capacity of the compressor system based on the suction pressure, which is determined by the sensor 12.
- the compressor capacity of the system is increased or decreased, depending on the capacity required to maintain the desired suction pressure.
- the compressor control unit 13 also controls the fans 10, ie the ventilation system, so that the desired pressure in the condenser is maintained. This pressure can be caused by a
- Increase or decrease in the air flow through the condenser can be achieved to achieve sufficient heat dissipation to the environment.
- the central control unit 14 identifies the most heavily loaded cooling point based on the load determined by the respective evaporator control unit 7, which is explained further below, and warns an operator according to principles also specified below.
- a cooling system can also work with more or fewer states, for example with suction pressure control or modulating thermostat control, in which the degree of filling of the evaporator 6 is regulated to a predetermined temperature. on systems in which the evaporator, the compressor systems and the condenser ventilation are controlled by a central control unit, or on other types of cooling systems, for example brine systems or forced circulation systems.
- the basis of the warning generation is the load on each individual cooling point.
- the determination of the load takes place in the control unit 7 of each individual cooling point 2, 3, 4 and the difference between the desired temperature and the current temperature at the cooling point, ie T v , is used as the starting point.
- T v the difference between the desired temperature and the current temperature at the cooling point
- the design of the cooling system often decides how the load must be determined. For the present invention, however, it is not critical how the current load is actually determined.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically how the load is determined at each individual cooling point 2-4.
- the cooling point is currently defrosting, i.e. whether it is in the defrosting state. If the cooling point is currently in the defrosting state, go back to the beginning of the diagram. If the cooling point is not in the defrosting process, check whether it is in the c u i n state, i.e. is currently cooling. If this is not the case, the load is set to zero. This also applies if, for another reason, it cannot be positively determined that the cooling point is in the T Cu i n state.
- the load is determined according to the following scheme.
- ⁇ REL expresses the deviation from the temperature T Cu - t o ut to ° - he current cooling passage from, said deviation is weighted taken to the bandwidth between ⁇ C u tm un d ⁇ cut ⁇ ut- Basically could already this expression as a value use for the load. However, in order to avoid sudden changes in the load expression, the calculation of the load expression is provided with a simple filter that avoids such sudden changes.
- Fig. 3 The scheme shown in Fig. 3 is run through at predetermined small intervals. It is not necessary for one run to follow the other seamlessly. This scheme is handled locally in each evaporator control unit 7. At the start of this flow diagram, the temperature and the control status are registered. This step can also be done elsewhere in this flow chart. This means that information about the load on each cooling point is continuously available.
- the central control unit 14 again searches for the loaded most cooling point. Here, it simply compares the load information provided by the evaporator control units 7.
- a loading time t MLC is calculated from the previously stored time and the now determined time. This loading time t MLC is then checked to determine whether it exceeds a predetermined maximum value t L i M i ⁇ . Such a maximum value t LIMIT is typically one hour. If this value has been exceeded, a warning is issued. Such a warning can indicate, for example, that the door to a cold room or a refrigerated display case has been left open or that goods in a refrigerated display case are stacked too high.
- the stored data is processed statistically, i.e. the duration of their exposure time is saved for the individual cooling point. However, this always only applies to the most heavily used refrigeration point.
- This warning informs the operator of the cooling system that there may be a problem. In most cases, he can solve this problem by maintenance or by changing the cooling point itself, for example by closing a door or the Modify a stack of goods, help. Other typical faults, such as a damaged fan, a defrosting heating element, a loss of coolant filling, can also be detected. Such errors are characterized by the fact that one cooling point or a group of cooling points can only maintain the desired temperature with problems and is therefore identified more frequently than the other as the most heavily used cooling point. If a cooling point has problems maintaining the desired temperature, this will not initially trigger a temperature warning, because such an error is not yet so serious that the cooling point cannot keep the temperature below the warning limit. With the procedure shown, however, it is possible to detect an error long before such an error triggers a temperature warning and urgently requires maintenance work.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10011110 | 2000-03-09 | ||
| DE10011110A DE10011110B4 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2000-03-09 | Verfahren zum Entdecken von Fehlern in einer Kühlanlage |
| PCT/DK2001/000143 WO2001067014A1 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-03-03 | Verfahren zum entdecken von fehlern in einer kühlanlage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1261830A1 true EP1261830A1 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
| EP1261830B1 EP1261830B1 (de) | 2004-11-10 |
Family
ID=7633850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01911457A Expired - Lifetime EP1261830B1 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-03-03 | Verfahren zum entdecken von fehlern in einer kühlanlage |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1261830B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001240472A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10011110B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001067014A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115900215A (zh) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-04-04 | 合肥美的电冰箱有限公司 | 冰箱的故障检测方法和装置 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7207184B2 (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2007-04-24 | Danfoss A/S | Method for regulating a most loaded circuit in a multi-circuit refrigeration system |
| RU2735041C1 (ru) | 2017-05-01 | 2020-10-27 | Данфосс А/С | Способ управления давлением всасывания, основанный на охлаждающем объекте под самой большой нагрузкой |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4084388A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-04-18 | Honeywell Inc. | Refrigeration control system for optimum demand operation |
| JPS5843668B2 (ja) * | 1978-07-14 | 1983-09-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 冷凍機の運転方法 |
| DE3926191A1 (de) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-02-14 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum betreiben einer kaelteanlage |
| GB9008788D0 (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1990-06-13 | Whitbread & Co Plc | Diagnostic equipment |
| GB9211531D0 (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1992-07-15 | Northampton Refrigeration Comp | Control of refrigeration |
| JPH06221740A (ja) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍冷蔵設備の管理システム |
| US6047557A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-04-11 | Copeland Corporation | Adaptive control for a refrigeration system using pulse width modulated duty cycle scroll compressor |
| JP3604855B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-24 | 2004-12-22 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 機器の運転状態管理装置 |
| JP3604860B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-24 | 2004-12-22 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 機器の運転状態管理装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-03-09 DE DE10011110A patent/DE10011110B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-03 EP EP01911457A patent/EP1261830B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-03 AU AU2001240472A patent/AU2001240472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-03 DE DE50104480T patent/DE50104480D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-03 WO PCT/DK2001/000143 patent/WO2001067014A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0167014A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115900215A (zh) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-04-04 | 合肥美的电冰箱有限公司 | 冰箱的故障检测方法和装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10011110A1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
| EP1261830B1 (de) | 2004-11-10 |
| AU2001240472A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 |
| DE10011110B4 (de) | 2004-08-26 |
| WO2001067014A1 (de) | 2001-09-13 |
| DE50104480D1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
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