EP1252417A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben einer turbine und turbinenanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben einer turbine und turbinenanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252417A1 EP1252417A1 EP00985204A EP00985204A EP1252417A1 EP 1252417 A1 EP1252417 A1 EP 1252417A1 EP 00985204 A EP00985204 A EP 00985204A EP 00985204 A EP00985204 A EP 00985204A EP 1252417 A1 EP1252417 A1 EP 1252417A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- temperature
- limit value
- medium
- dynamic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/165—Controlling means specially adapted therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
- F01D17/08—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure
- F01D17/085—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure to temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/12—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/11—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life
- F05D2270/112—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life by limiting temperatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/303—Temperature
- F05D2270/3032—Temperature excessive temperatures, e.g. caused by overheating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a turbine and a turbine system.
- a gaseous medium is fed to drive a turbine.
- the turbine is usually connected to a generator for generating electrical energy or drives a compressor or a pump, for example.
- the gaseous medium is live steam. This live steam is heated in a boiler upstream of the turbine before it is fed to the turbine.
- the entire turbine system and in particular the turbine are for a certain temperature, for. B. designed for 520 ° C. If a certain temperature range is exceeded, for example between 450 ° C and 550 ° C, there may be impairments, operation and damage to the turbine. Fluctuations in the temperature of live steam can be attributed to a variety of causes, for example to a fluctuating quality of the fuel, with the help of which
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a turbine and a turbine system in which damage or impairment of the turbine due to temperature influences is avoided.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for operating a turbine, in particular a steam turbine, to which a gaseous medium is fed, the change in the temperature of the medium over time being monitored.
- the monitoring of the change in temperature i.e. the observation of the course of the temperature gradient, is based on the consideration that a temperature change that is too rapid - even if it lies within the permitted temperature range between the absolute limit values - can damage the turbine. If the temperature changes too quickly or if temperature jumps occur, there may be material problems that have a negative effect, in particular on the efficiency of the turbine, and which may lead to cracks and material breakage. Compared to conventional methods, which only monitor whether the temperature exceeds a specified absolute limit value, a significantly improved protective function is achieved.
- the supply of the medium to the turbine is interrupted by performing a quick close.
- the method accordingly allows a specific value for the temperature change. If this value is exceeded, especially for a longer period of time, the supply of live steam is prevented to protect the turbine from excessive thermal stress.
- the maximum permissible temperature gradient is determined as a function of the load state of the turbine, in particular in such a way that with the maximum permissible temperature gradient becomes smaller. This is based on the consideration that, in the case of low load conditions, the heat transfer from the live steam to the material of the turbine is low, in particular because of the lower density and the low speed of the live steam. Therefore, higher temperature gradients are allowed in the low load range without the risk of damaging the turbine.
- the supply of the medium to the turbine is expediently interrupted when an absolute limit value for the temperature is exceeded.
- a permissible absolute temperature range is therefore specified, within which the fresh steam temperature may move.
- the actual value of the current temperature of the live steam is queried cyclically.
- the temperature change and the temperature gradient are determined from the comparison of successive actual values.
- a dynamic limit value is set as a function of the actual value, which changes with the temperature profile, but at most within the framework of the maximum temperature gradient.
- a temperature range is defined within which temperature fluctuations are permitted. Permitted temperature changes, for example a steady increase when starting, are taken into account by the dynamization. This avoids the risk of the protective function being triggered incorrectly.
- a lower and an upper dynamic limit value is preferably established.
- the limit values are advantageously set such that they are around a defined one Temperature value are spaced from the actual value.
- the defined temperature value thus specifies a fixed temperature range between the actual value and the upper dynamic or the lower dynamic limit value, provided that no extraordinary temperature changes occur. If temperature gradients occur that exceed the maximum permissible temperature gradients, the distance from the actual value to one of the dynamic limit values decreases noticeably until it finally exceeds the limit value.
- the actual value curve thus intersects the curve of the dynamic limit when the maximum temperature gradient is exceeded.
- exceeding the dynamic limit value is used as an indication of an impermissible temperature change, and the supply of the medium to the turbine is interrupted.
- the supply of the medium to the turbine is only stopped after the dynamic or the absolute limit value has been exceeded if the dynamic or the absolute limit value has been set after at least one further one Control query cycle is still exceeded.
- a certain time buffer is thus inserted by waiting for at least one further control query cycle.
- the query cycle is preferably shortened after the dynamic or the absolute limit value has been exceeded, that is to say the temperature measurement is repeated at shorter time intervals.
- This advantageously adjusts the frequency of the temperature to the demand, ie the temperature is comparatively rare in the case of a normal curve and the temperature is queried more frequently in the case of a critical curve.
- at start of the turbine and / or after an error in the surveil ⁇ monitoring of the temperature profile to refer to the first neuge messengeren actual value of the steam temperature for the determination of dynamic threshold.
- Closing a generator switch in a generator turbine and exceeding the lowest drive speed is used in a drive turbine.
- a warning message is advantageously given when the actual value approaches the dynamic and / or the absolute limit value.
- This warning message is issued in particular when the actual value has approached one of the limit values within a predetermined distance.
- the warning message is given, for example, acoustically and / or optically.
- the temperature profile of the medium is monitored before the medium enters the turbine, in particular in the area of a boiler upstream of the turbine or already directly behind a so-called steam collector.
- the quick-closing occurs before the steam, which is too cold or too hot, reaches the turbine.
- the protective mechanism ie the possibility of preventing the supply of the medium to the turbine, can preferably only be activated when the turbine is operated under a predetermined load. This means that the protective function is not activated, especially when the turbine is started up. This does not affect safety, since the risk of damage due to temperature changes is relatively low, both in low-load operation.
- a turbine system with a turbine which can be operated with a gaseous medium, with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the medium, and with a protective device for determining the temperature profile and for interrupting the supply of the medium to the turbine when a temperature gradient is exceeded ,
- FIG. 1 shows a turbine system in a roughly simplified schematic representation
- FIGS. 2 to 5 different temperature profiles of the fresh steam temperature with the curves of the associated dynamic limit values
- FIG. 6 shows the dependence of a maximum permissible temperature gradient on the load state of the turbine.
- the turbine system 2 comprises a turbine 4, in particular a steam turbine, which is connected via a shaft 6 to a generator 8 for generating electrical energy.
- the turbine is driven by a gaseous medium, in particular live steam.
- the live steam is CJ o to tv> f— ' 1 cn o C i OC io Cn
- the sum (I + X) of the actual value I and the temperature value X is compared with the sum (OG + Y) of the previous upper limit value OG and the change value Y.
- the lower total value is defined as the new upper limit OG.
- the change value Y is measured according to the maximum permissible temperature gradient dT / dt (max) of the temperature T of the live steam. That is, the change dY / dt of the change value Y corresponds to the maximum temperature gradient dT / dt. For example, a value of 3K / min is used as the maximum temperature gradient dT / dt (max). With a polling cycle of preferably ⁇ sec, this corresponds to 0.3K / polling cycle. In this case, the change value Y is therefore 0.3K.
- the limit value curves 30, 32 determined in accordance with this regulation form an allowed temperature band 34 within which the temperature curve 28 can vary without a quick-closing being triggered.
- This temperature band 34 is dynamic and follows the course of the temperature curve 28.
- the temperature curve 28 only runs out of the permitted temperature band 34 in the case of very rapid and permanent temperature changes. This leads to case B, in which the actual value I is above the upper limit value OG or below the lower limit value UG. It is preferably carried out after a control phase automatic activation of the quick closing of the valve 14. This is explained in more detail in relation to FIG.
- the temperature curve 28 has two points of discontinuity with an otherwise horizontal course.
- the temperature T jumps suddenly and drops suddenly.
- the temperature curve 28 initially runs close to the upper dynamic limit curve 30, which gradually shifts to higher temperature values according to the algorithm described above, until it is finally at a distance from the temperature curve 28 again by the temperature value X.
- the increase in the upper limit value curve 30 is determined by the time course of the change value dY / dt.
- the lower limit curve 32 immediately follows the jump of the temperature curve 28, i.e. the lower limit curve 32 also has a jump. This results from the fact that the actual value I minus the temperature value X is decisive for the calculation of the new lower limit value UG.
- the limit value curves 30, 32 In the case of a jump with the opposite sign, i.e. in the event of a sudden drop in the temperature curve 28, the same applies to the limit value curves 30, 32, with the proviso that the lower limit value curve 32 is now gradually shifted to lower temperature values and the upper limit value curve 30 is suddenly pulled downward.
- the temperature curve 28 is divided into four partial areas. Within this section, the temperature gradient dT / dt becomes increasingly larger and in the fourth section exceeds the maximum temperature gradient dT / dt of 3K / min. It can be seen that the limit value curves 30, 32 initially follow the temperature curve 28 while maintaining the distance around the temperature value X until the temperature gradient dT / dt becomes too large in the fourth partial area. The temperature curve 28 then runs out of the temperature band 34 and cuts the lower limit value curve 32 a time tl. As soon as this takes place, the query cycles are advantageously shortened, for example from ⁇ sec to 2sec.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 further typical temperature profiles 28 are shown with the corresponding profiles of the limit value curves 30 and 32.
- an abrupt alternating change in the temperature curve 28 has the result that the temperature band 34 is increasingly narrowed. Only when the temperature curve 28 takes a continuous course again does the temperature band 34 widen, so that the limit value curves 30, 32 are spaced apart from the temperature curve 28 by the temperature value X.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00985204A EP1252417B1 (de) | 2000-02-02 | 2000-12-19 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00102052 | 2000-02-02 | ||
EP00102052 | 2000-02-02 | ||
PCT/EP2000/012965 WO2001057366A1 (de) | 2000-02-02 | 2000-12-19 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer turbine und turbinenanlage |
EP00985204A EP1252417B1 (de) | 2000-02-02 | 2000-12-19 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer turbine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252417A1 true EP1252417A1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
EP1252417B1 EP1252417B1 (de) | 2008-11-26 |
Family
ID=8167754
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00985204A Expired - Lifetime EP1252417B1 (de) | 2000-02-02 | 2000-12-19 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer turbine |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6647728B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1252417B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4694080B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1283904C (de) |
DE (1) | DE50015468D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001057366A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7470103B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2008-12-30 | General Electric Company | Method for determining limit exceedance |
US8863492B2 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2014-10-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Combined cycle power plant with split compressor |
US8857184B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2014-10-14 | General Electric Company | Method for starting a turbomachine |
US20120151918A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a turbomachine during a loading process |
US8662820B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2014-03-04 | General Electric Company | Method for shutting down a turbomachine |
US9080466B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2015-07-14 | General Electric Company | Method and system for controlling a valve of a turbomachine |
DE102011010120A1 (de) | 2011-02-02 | 2012-08-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Kühlanlage, insbesondere zur Kryokonservierung biologischer Proben, mit Einrichtungen für den Fall einer Havarie |
EP2831398B1 (de) * | 2012-03-30 | 2018-10-24 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Verfahren und zugehörige vorrichtung zum sicheren betrieb einer gasturbinenanlage |
CN103195504A (zh) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-07-10 | 宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司 | 一种避免汽轮发电机组温度测点误判的方法 |
US20140317372A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-23 | Broadcom Corporation | Data frame security |
JP2015031453A (ja) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-16 | バブコック日立株式会社 | 火力発電用ボイラプラントの変圧運転方法 |
KR101586830B1 (ko) | 2014-11-24 | 2016-01-20 | 포스코에너지 주식회사 | 비상운전수단이 구비되는 터빈발전시스템과 그 비상운전방법 |
CN112412551B (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-05-26 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司西北电力试验研究院 | 一种防止汽轮机进汽温度突降保护跳闸的方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
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US4071897A (en) * | 1976-08-10 | 1978-01-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Power plant speed channel selection system |
GB2002543B (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1982-02-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Rotor-stress preestimating turbine control system |
US4240077A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1980-12-16 | United Brands Company | Thermostat |
JPS5593913A (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1980-07-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Turbine control system |
JPS59231604A (ja) * | 1983-06-14 | 1984-12-26 | Hitachi Ltd | 火力発電プラントの運転制御方法 |
US4578944A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-04-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Heat recovery steam generator outlet temperature control system for a combined cycle power plant |
US4589255A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Adaptive temperature control system for the supply of steam to a steam turbine |
US4665041A (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1987-05-12 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dielectric ceramic composition for high frequencies |
US4655041A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-04-07 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Rate of change of pressure temperature protection system for a turbine |
JPS63248903A (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-17 | Hitachi Ltd | 蒸気タ−ビンの保護方法 |
US5157619A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1992-10-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Abnormal thermal loading effects monitoring system |
JPH0579603A (ja) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-30 | Hitachi Ltd | ボイラ制御装置及び制御方法 |
JPH05312007A (ja) * | 1992-05-11 | 1993-11-22 | Toshiba Corp | 系列負荷制御装置 |
JP3697731B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-21 | 2005-09-21 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | 排気再燃型コンバインドサイクルプラントにおける主蒸気温度制御装置 |
JPH10292902A (ja) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-11-04 | Toshiba Corp | 主蒸気温度制御装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-12-19 US US10/182,800 patent/US6647728B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-19 JP JP2001555985A patent/JP4694080B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-19 EP EP00985204A patent/EP1252417B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-19 DE DE50015468T patent/DE50015468D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-19 WO PCT/EP2000/012965 patent/WO2001057366A1/de active Application Filing
- 2000-12-19 CN CNB00818528XA patent/CN1283904C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0157366A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50015468D1 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
US20030012639A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
JP4694080B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
JP2003521623A (ja) | 2003-07-15 |
CN1425103A (zh) | 2003-06-18 |
EP1252417B1 (de) | 2008-11-26 |
US6647728B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 |
CN1283904C (zh) | 2006-11-08 |
WO2001057366A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
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