EP1249512A1 - Cold work steel for powder metallurgical production of parts - Google Patents

Cold work steel for powder metallurgical production of parts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1249512A1
EP1249512A1 EP02450076A EP02450076A EP1249512A1 EP 1249512 A1 EP1249512 A1 EP 1249512A1 EP 02450076 A EP02450076 A EP 02450076A EP 02450076 A EP02450076 A EP 02450076A EP 1249512 A1 EP1249512 A1 EP 1249512A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cold work
steel alloy
powder
work steel
weight
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EP02450076A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1249512B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dipl.Ing Liebfart
Roland Dipl.Ing Rabitsch
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Voestalpine Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
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Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
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Priority to AT02450076T priority Critical patent/ATE340877T1/en
Priority to SI200230445T priority patent/SI1249512T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
    • C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
    • C21D2241/02—Hot isostatic pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold work steel alloy for powder metallurgical Manufacture of parts, especially tools, with high toughness and hardness as well as resistance to wear and material fatigue.
  • Tools and tool parts are usually multi-layered what requires such a property profile.
  • a creation of a it is particularly suitable for a type of stress on the material naturally with a deterioration in its resistance to others Loads connected so that for a high quality of use of a tool in many cases there should be several high-level characteristics with in other words, the performance characteristics of a tool represent one Compromise regarding the respective individual material values
  • High performance tool steel components consistently have one Hard phase part made of carbides and a matrix phase part that receives them, Which phases in particular with regard to their proportions in the material of the depend on the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • the concentrations of the carbide-forming elements and the Carbon content with a view to an increased carbide content and thus a to be able to increase the wear resistance of the material, on the other hand, however, sufficient processability, homogeneity and toughness Ensuring the parts or tools made from it is one to provide powder metallurgical production of the same.
  • a powder metallurgical (PM) production of materials includes in essentially a gas or nitrogen atomization or cutting a molten steel into fine droplets that form metal powder with high solidification speed are solidified, introducing and compacting the metal powder into or a capsule, closing the capsule and heating as well hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of the powder into a dense capsule homogeneous material.
  • a PM material created in this way can be used as as-HIPed, used to manufacture parts or tools or previously one Hot forming, e.g. by forging and / or rolling.
  • Highly stressed tools or parts e.g. Knives, stamps as well Matrices and the like also require durability at the same time against abrasive wear, high toughness and fatigue resistance of the Material.
  • the Fatigue resistance is essentially a failure to crack very high swelling or changing mechanical stress on the Material, in turn, is characterized by a high matrix hardness and low crack initiation Carbide grains and non-metallic inclusions promoted
  • the quality of use of parts or tools represents one Compromise between wear resistance, toughness and Fatigue resistance of the material in the thermally tempered state
  • the general aim of increasing the quality of cold work steels has been has long been trying to increase the steel property profile overall increase.
  • the present invention now aims to take account of the requirements bearing, the mechanical parameters in the thermally tempered state, namely the bending strength, the impact bending work and the wear resistance of the Tool steel material to increase quality assured at the same time.
  • the Carbides are essentially monocarbides with regard to wear resistance, homogeneously distributed in the matrix and with a diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 4 microns.
  • Vanadium and niobium are the strongest carbide formers and, for reasons of alloy technology, are to be provided together in a concentration range of 7.05 to 9.0% by weight of V and 0.25 to 2.45% by weight of Nb.
  • VNb advantageous mixed carbides
  • these content ranges based on V and Nb, there is such a carbon affinity in the material that the other carbide-forming elements chromium, tungsten and molybdenum in the inventive Concentrations with the residual carbon are available for solid solution strengthening and increase the matrix hardness.
  • Vanadium and / or niobium contents higher than 9.0 or 2.45% by weight have a reducing effect on the matrix strength and in particular reduce the fatigue resistance of the material, whereas contents lower than 7.05% by weight V and / or 0.25 %
  • Nb By weight of Nb leads to the increased formation of softer carbide phases such as M 7 C 3 carbides, as a result of which the wear resistance of the steel is reduced.
  • the degree of oxide purity of the invention is of particular importance Material because not only its mechanical inclusions due to non-metallic inclusions Properties can deteriorate, but it can also be caused by this Non-metals disadvantageous germination effects during solidification and Heat treatment of the material arise. It is therefore essential to the invention that a high purity nitrogen alloy with a purity of atomized at least 99.999% nitrogen and physisorption of oxygen the powder grain surface is avoided until it is enclosed in a capsule, whereby the hipped material has an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm and a Content and configuration of non-metallic inclusions accordingly has a K0 value of at most 3 according to the test according to DIN 50 602.
  • Tab. 2 Measured values, determined during the mechanical testing of the steel alloys Fig. 1 measuring arrangement for determining the bending strength Fig. Sample form for the determination of the impact bending work 3 device for measuring the wear resistance (schematic) Fig. 4 Comparison of the bending strength of the steel alloys Fig. 5 comparison of the impact bending work Fig. 6 comparison of the respective wear resistance of the steel alloys
  • Table 1 shows the chemical composition of an invention Cold work steel alloy (Leg. A) and those of the comparative alloys (B to J) seen.
  • test results for bending strength are: Impact bending work and the wear resistance of the alloy according to the invention A and the comparative alloys B to J.
  • the preload F r was 200 N
  • the speed up to the preload was 2 mm / min
  • the test speed was 5 mm / min.
  • the tests of the impact bending work of the respective steel alloys were carried out on samples with the shape according to FIG. 2.
  • FIG 3 shows the device for determining the wear resistance in schematic representation can be removed.
  • alloy A according to the invention is now that of Comparative alloys (B to J) (Tab. 2), shown in a bar graph in Fig. 4, compared, the alloys E, F, H and I each have the same dimensions high values, with alloy I having the highest flexural strength.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Steel alloy contains carbon (in wt.%) (2.05-2.65), silicon (up to 2), manganese (up to 2), chromium (6.1-9.8), tungsten (0.5-2.4), molybdenum (2.15-4.7), vanadium (7.05-9), niobium (0.25-2.45), cobalt (up to 10), sulfur (up to 0.3), nitrogen (0.04-0.22), nickel (up to 1.5), oxygen (less than 100 ppm) and iron (balance) and non-metallic inclusions with maximum k0 value of 3 according to DIN 50602. <??>The cold work steel alloy contains carbon (in wt.%) (2.05-2.65), silicon (up to 2), manganese (up to 2), chromium (6.1-9.8), tungsten (0.5-2.4), molybdenum (2.15-4.7), vanadium (7.05-9), niobium (0.25-2.45), cobalt (up to 10), sulfur (up to 0.3), nitrogen (0.04-0.22), nickel (up to 1.5), other elements (up to 2.6), oxygen (less than 100 ppm), iron and impurities (remainder) and non-metallic inclusions having k0 value of maximum of 3 according to DIN 50602. The steel alloy is used for forming component with high degree of toughness, hardness and resistance to wear and material fatigue. <??>An Independent claim is included for manufacture of tool or component, by powder metallurgy.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen, insbesondere Werkzeuge, mit hoher Zähigkeit und Härte sowie Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiß und Materialermüdung.The invention relates to a cold work steel alloy for powder metallurgical Manufacture of parts, especially tools, with high toughness and hardness as well as resistance to wear and material fatigue.

Werkzeuge und Werkgzeugteile werden in der Regel vielschichtig beansprucht, was ein dergleichen Eigenschaftsprofil derselben erfordert. Eine Erstellung einer besonders guten Eignung für eine Beanspruchungsart des Werkstoffes ist jedoch naturgemäß mit einer Verschlechterung der Beständigkeit desselben gegen andere Belastungen verbunden, so daß für eine hohe Gebrauchsgüte eines Werkzeuges vielfach mehrere Eigenschaftsmerkmale auf hohem Niveau vorliegen sollten, mit anderen Worten, die Gebrauchseigenschaften eines Werkzeuges stellen einen Kompromiß hinsichtlich der jeweilig einzelnen Materialwerte dar. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen besteht jedoch allgemein der Wunsch, Werkzeuge oder Teile mit in der Gesamtheit verbesserten Materialeigenschaften verfügbar zu haben.Tools and tool parts are usually multi-layered what requires such a property profile. A creation of a However, it is particularly suitable for a type of stress on the material naturally with a deterioration in its resistance to others Loads connected so that for a high quality of use of a tool in many cases there should be several high-level characteristics with in other words, the performance characteristics of a tool represent one Compromise regarding the respective individual material values However, for economic reasons there is a general desire to use tools or To have parts available with improved material properties as a whole.

Hochleistungswerkzeugstahlkomponenten besitzen durchwegs einen Hartphasenanteil aus Karbiden und einen diese aufnehmenden Matrixphasenteil, Welche Phasen insbesondere hinsichtlich deren Anteile im Werkstoff von der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Legierung abhängen.High performance tool steel components consistently have one Hard phase part made of carbides and a matrix phase part that receives them, Which phases in particular with regard to their proportions in the material of the depend on the chemical composition of the alloy.

Bei einer konventionellen Herstellung mit einer Erstarrung der Legierung in Gießformen ist deren jeweiliger Gehalt an Kohlenstoff und karbidbildenden Elementen auf Grund der Erstarrungskinetik begrenzt, weil bei hohen Gehalten die primär aus der Schmelze ausgeschiedenen Karbide eine grobe inhomogene Materialstruktur bewirken, dadurch schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften begründen und eine Verarbeitbarkeit des Werkstoffes nachteilig beeinflussen oder letztlich ausschließen.In a conventional production with a solidification of the alloy in Casting molds are their respective carbon and carbide-forming content Elements limited due to the solidification kinetics, because at high contents the carbides that have been excreted primarily from the melt are roughly inhomogeneous The material structure causes poor mechanical properties justify and adversely affect the processability of the material or ultimately rule out.

Um einerseits die Konzentrationen der karbidbildenden Elemente und den Kohlenstoffanteil im Hinblick auf einen erhöhten Karbidanteil und somit eine verbesserte Verschleißbeständigkeit des Werkstoffes steigern zu können, andererseits jedoch eine ausreichende Verarbeitbarkeit, Homogenität und Zähigkeit der daraus gefertigten Teile oder Werkzeuge sicherzustellen, ist eine pulvermetallurgische Herstellung derselben vorzusehen.On the one hand, the concentrations of the carbide-forming elements and the Carbon content with a view to an increased carbide content and thus a to be able to increase the wear resistance of the material, on the other hand, however, sufficient processability, homogeneity and toughness Ensuring the parts or tools made from it is one to provide powder metallurgical production of the same.

Eine pulvermetallurgische (PM) Herstellung von Werkstoffen beinhaltet im wesentlichen ein Gas- bzw. Stickstoff-Verdüsen oder Zerteilen einer Stahlschmelze in feine Tröpfchen, die mit hoher Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit zu Metallpulver verfestigt werden, ein Einbringen und Verdichten des Metallpulvers in eine bzw. einer Kapsel, ein Verschließen der Kapsel und ein Erwärmen sowie heißisostatisches Pressen (HIP) des Pulvers in der Kapsel zu einem dichten homogenen Material. Ein derartig erstelltes PM-Material kann direkt, als as-HIPed, zur Fertigung von Teilen oder Werkzeugen eingesetzt oder vorher einer Warmumformung, z.B. durch Schmieden und/oder Walzen, unterworfen werden.A powder metallurgical (PM) production of materials includes in essentially a gas or nitrogen atomization or cutting a molten steel into fine droplets that form metal powder with high solidification speed are solidified, introducing and compacting the metal powder into or a capsule, closing the capsule and heating as well hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of the powder into a dense capsule homogeneous material. A PM material created in this way can be used as as-HIPed, used to manufacture parts or tools or previously one Hot forming, e.g. by forging and / or rolling.

Hochbeanspruchte Werkzeuge oder Teile, z.B. Messer, Stanzstempel sowie Matrizen und dergleichen erfordern belastungsgemäß gleichzeitig Beständigkeit gegen abrasiven Verschleiß, hohe Zähigkeit und Ermüdungsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffes. Zur Verschleißerniedrigung ist ein hoher Anteil an harten, gegebenenfalls groben, Karbiden, vorzugsweise Monokarbide, anzustreben, wobei jedoch die Materialzähigkeit mit steigendem Karbidanteil erniedrigt wird. Die Ermüdungsbeständigkeit, das ist im wesentlichen ein Ausbleiben der Rißbildung bei sehr hoher schwellender oder wechselnder mechanischer Beanspruchung des Materials, wird wiederum durch eine hohe Matrixhärte und geringe Rißinitiation von Karbidkörnern und nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen gefördertHighly stressed tools or parts, e.g. Knives, stamps as well Matrices and the like also require durability at the same time against abrasive wear, high toughness and fatigue resistance of the Material. A high proportion of hard, optionally coarse, carbides, preferably monocarbides, where however, the material toughness is reduced with increasing carbide content. The Fatigue resistance is essentially a failure to crack very high swelling or changing mechanical stress on the Material, in turn, is characterized by a high matrix hardness and low crack initiation Carbide grains and non-metallic inclusions promoted

Wie eben erwähnt, stellt die Gebrauchsgüte von Teilen oder Werkzeugen einen Kompromiß zwischen Verschleißbeständigkeit, Zähigkeit und Ermüdungsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffes im thermisch vergüteten Zustand dar. Im Sinne einer allgemeinen Anhebung der Qualität von Kaltarbeitsstählen wurde seit langem in der Fachwelt versucht, das Stahl- Eigenschaftsprofil insgesamt zu steigern.As just mentioned, the quality of use of parts or tools represents one Compromise between wear resistance, toughness and Fatigue resistance of the material in the thermally tempered state The general aim of increasing the quality of cold work steels has been has long been trying to increase the steel property profile overall increase.

Die vorliegende Erfindung setzt sich nun zum Ziel, den Erfordernissen Rechnung tragend, die mechanischen Kennwerte im thermisch vergüteten Zustand und zwar die Biegebruchfestigkeit, die Schlagbiegearbeit und den Verschleißwiderstand des Werkzeugstahlwerkstoffes gütegesichert gleichzeitig zu erhöhen.The present invention now aims to take account of the requirements bearing, the mechanical parameters in the thermally tempered state, namely the bending strength, the impact bending work and the wear resistance of the Tool steel material to increase quality assured at the same time.

Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung enthaltend in Gew.-% Kohlenstoff (C) 2,05 bis 2,65 Silizium (Si) bis 2,0 Mangan (Mn) bis 2,0 Chrom (Cr) 6,10 bis 9,80 Wolfram (W) 0,50 bis 2,40 Molybdän (Mo) 2,15 bis 4,70 Vanadin (V) 7,05 bis 9,0 Niob (Nb) 0,25 bis 2,45 Kobalt (Co) bis 10,0 Schwefel (S) bis 0,3 Stickstoff (N) 0,04 bis 0,22 Nickel (Ni) bis 1,50 sowie Begleitelemente bis 2,6 und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen mit Eisen (Fe) als Rest zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen mit hoher Zähigkeit und Härte sowie Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiß und Materialermüdung, insbesondere Werkzeuge, welche Teile einen Gehalt an Sauerstoff (O) von kleiner als 100 ppm und einen Gehalt und eine Konfiguration von nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen entsprechend einem K0-Wert von höchstens 3 gemäß Prüfung nach DIN 50 602 aufweisen, erreicht.This goal is achieved according to the invention in a cold work steel alloy containing in% by weight Carbon (C) 2.05 to 2.65 Silicon (Si) to 2.0 Manganese (Mn) to 2.0 Chrome (Cr) 6.10 to 9.80 Tungsten (W) 0.50 to 2.40 Molybdenum (Mo) 2.15 to 4.70 Vanadium (V) 7.05 to 9.0 Niobium (Nb) 0.25 to 2.45 Cobalt (Co) to 10.0 Sulfur (S) up to 0.3 Nitrogen (N) 0.04 to 0.22 Nickel (Ni) to 1.50 as well as accompanying elements up to 2.6 and production-related impurities with iron (Fe) as the remainder for the powder metallurgical production of parts with high toughness and hardness as well as resistance to wear and material fatigue, especially tools, which parts have an oxygen (O) content of less than 100 ppm and have a content and configuration of non-metallic inclusions corresponding to a K0 value of at most 3 according to the test according to DIN 50 602.

Die erheblichen Güteverbesserungen des Werkstoffes nach der Erfindung werden synergetisch durch legierungstechnische und verfahrenstechnologische Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf die Optimierung der Gefügestruktur sowie Einzel- und Summeneigenschaften der Gefügephasen erreicht.The significant quality improvements of the material according to the invention will be synergetic through alloying and process technology Measures with regard to the optimization of the microstructure as well as individual and Total properties of the structural phases reached.

Es wurde erkannt, daß nicht alleine die Karbidmenge sondern bei gleicher Menge die Karbidmorphologie für die Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes von Bedeutung ist, weil diese von der freien Weglänge zwischen den Karbiden in der Matrix, also der Defektgröße, abhängt. Im fertigen zum Einsatz bestimmten Werkzeug sollen die Karbide im Hinblick auf die Verschleißfestigkeit im wesentlichen Monokarbide sein, homogen in der Matrix verteilt und mit einem Durchmesser von kleiner als 10 µm, vorzugsweise kleiner 4 µm, vorliegen.It was recognized that not only the amount of carbide but the same amount the carbide morphology is important for the toughness of the material because this from the free path between the carbides in the matrix, i.e. the Defect size, depends. In the finished tool intended for use, the Carbides are essentially monocarbides with regard to wear resistance, homogeneously distributed in the matrix and with a diameter of less than 10 µm, preferably less than 4 microns.

Vanadin und Niob sind die stärksten Karbidbildner und sind aus legierungstechnischen Gründen gemeinsam in einem Konzentrationsbereich von jeweils 7,05 bis 9,0 Gew.-% V und 0,25 bis 2,45 Gew.-% Nb vorzusehen. Dadurch wird einerseits eine Bildung von Monokarbiden und zwar von vorteilhaften ( VNb)-Mischkarbiden erreicht, andererseits liegt in diesen Gehaltsbereichen, von V und Nb begründet, eine derartige Kohlenstoffaffinität im Werkstoff vor, daß die weiteren karbidbildenden Elemente Chrom, Wolfram und Molybdän in den erfindungsgemäßen Konzentrationen mit dem Restkohlenstoff zur Mischkristallverfestigung zur Verfügung stehen und die Matrixhärte erhöhen. Höhere Vanadin und/oder Niobgehalte als 9,0 bzw. 2,45 Gew.-% wirken erniedrigend auf die Matrixfestigkeit und vermindern insbesondere die Ermüdungsbeständigkeit des Materials, wohingegen geringere Gehalte als 7,05 Gew.-% V und/oder 0,25 Gew.-% Nb zur vermehrten Ausbildung von weicheren Karbidphasen wie M7C3- Karbiden führen, wodurch die Verschleißfestigkeit des Stahles erniedrigt wird.Vanadium and niobium are the strongest carbide formers and, for reasons of alloy technology, are to be provided together in a concentration range of 7.05 to 9.0% by weight of V and 0.25 to 2.45% by weight of Nb. On the one hand, this results in the formation of monocarbides, namely advantageous (VNb) mixed carbides, on the other hand, in these content ranges, based on V and Nb, there is such a carbon affinity in the material that the other carbide-forming elements chromium, tungsten and molybdenum in the inventive Concentrations with the residual carbon are available for solid solution strengthening and increase the matrix hardness. Vanadium and / or niobium contents higher than 9.0 or 2.45% by weight have a reducing effect on the matrix strength and in particular reduce the fatigue resistance of the material, whereas contents lower than 7.05% by weight V and / or 0.25 % By weight of Nb leads to the increased formation of softer carbide phases such as M 7 C 3 carbides, as a result of which the wear resistance of the steel is reduced.

Bei einem Kohlenstoffgehalt in dem engen Bereich von 2,05 bis 2,65 Gew.-% und den erfindungsgemäßen Konzentrationen der Monokarbidbildner können insbesondere durch 0,5 bis 2,4 Gew.-% Wolfram und 2,15 bis 4,70 Gew.-% Molybdän das Sekundärhärtepotential der Legierung beim thermischen Vergüten ausgeschöpft und die Anlaßbeständigkeit derselben verbessert werden. Für eine Mischkristallverfestigung ist Chrom mit Gehalten von 6,10 bis 9,80 Gew.-% vorgesehen, wobei zur Erhöhung der Sekundärhärte und der Matrixhärte des Werkzeugstahles Stickstoff mit einem Anteil von 0,04 bis 0,22 Gew.-% erfindungswesentlich ist.With a carbon content in the narrow range of 2.05 to 2.65% by weight and the concentrations of the monocarbide formers according to the invention in particular by 0.5 to 2.4% by weight of tungsten and 2.15 to 4.70% by weight Molybdenum the secondary hardness potential of the alloy during thermal quenching exhausted and the tempering resistance of the same can be improved. For one Mixed crystal strengthening is chromium with contents of 6.10 to 9.80% by weight provided, to increase the secondary hardness and the matrix hardness of the Tool steel nitrogen with a share of 0.04 to 0.22% by weight is essential to the invention.

Höhere, aber auch niedrigere Gehalte als die jeweils in den erfindungsgemäßen Grenzen für die Elemente Wolfram, Molybdän und Chrom angegeben sind, stören die Synergie und vermindern zumindest eine Eigenschaft des Werkzeugstahles, können also zum Teil dessen Verwendbarkeit nachteilig beeinflussen.Higher, but also lower contents than that in each case in the invention Limits for the elements tungsten, molybdenum and chromium are indicated the synergy and reduce at least one property of the tool steel, can partially adversely affect its usability.

Wie eingangs erwähnt, sind für einen Erhalt hoher Gebrauchsgüte eines Teiles oder des Werkzeuges neben den legierungstechnischen Voraussetzungen auch die herstellungstechnologischen Maßnahmen wesentlich.Weil nun im Sinne hoher Materialzähigkeit eine örtliche Häufung von gegebenenfalls gröberen Karbiden, eine sogenannte Karbid- Clusterbildung, im heißisostatisch gepreßten Material einer Defektgrößenminimierung wegen zu vermeiden ist, soll bei der pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung bzw. bei der Pulvererzeugung die Pulverkorngrößenverteilung verfahrenstechnisch derart eingestellt werden, daß mindestens 60 % der Pulverkörner eine Partikelgröße von weniger als 100 Mikron (µm) aufweisen. Eine mit kleinen Metallpulverteilchen verbundene hohe Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit der Schmelzentröpfchen bewirkt, wie gefunden wurde, eine gleichmäßige Verteilung feiner Monokarbide und eine, den Kohlenstoffgehalt betreffend, übersättigte Grundmasse im Pulverkorn.As mentioned at the beginning, for the preservation of high quality of use of a part or of the tool in addition to the alloying requirements Manufacturing technology measures essential. Now in the sense of higher Material toughness a local cluster of possibly coarser carbides, one so-called carbide cluster formation, one in the hot isostatically pressed material Defect size minimization should be avoided at powder metallurgical production or in powder production In terms of process technology, powder grain size distribution can be adjusted such that at least 60% of the powder granules have a particle size of less than 100 microns have (µm). A high one associated with small metal powder particles The rate of solidification of the melt droplets has been found to an even distribution of fine monocarbides and one, the carbon content regarding, supersaturated basic mass in the powder grain.

Während des heißisostatischen Pressens und während einer gegebenenfalls vorgesehenen Warmverformung des Preßlings verringert sich, begründet durch die Diffusion bei hoher Temperatur, der Übersättigungsgrad der Grundmasse, die feinen runden Monokarbide wachsen gewünscht bis zu einer Größe von weniger als 10 um, wobei die weiteren Legierungselemente sich gezielt weitgehend in den Mischkristall einlagern und letztlich die Matrix verfestigen. Durch diese Herstelltechnologie wird die Karbidmorphologie im Hinblick auf geringste Defektgröße und die Matrixzusammensetzung in Richtung auf eine Maximierung des Sekundärhärtepotentials unter Voraussetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes gesteuert. Dabei soll der Wichtigkeit wegen nochmals die vorgesehene Niobkonzentration des geregelten Kornwachstums wegen erwähnt werden.During hot isostatic pressing and during one if necessary The intended hot deformation of the compact is reduced due to the Diffusion at high temperature, the degree of supersaturation of the base mass, the fine round monocarbides grow to a size of less than 10 µm, the further alloying elements being largely focused in the mixed crystal store and ultimately solidify the matrix. Through this manufacturing technology the carbide morphology with regard to the smallest defect size and the Matrix composition towards maximizing the Secondary hardness potential provided that the invention Controlled composition of the material. It is said to be important again the intended niobium concentration of the regulated grain growth because of being mentioned.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der oxidische Reinheitsgrad des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffes, weil durch nichtmetallische Einschlüsse nicht nur dessen mechanische Eigenschaften verschlechtert werden können, sondern es können auch durch diese Nichtmetalle nachteilige Ankeimungseffekte bei der Erstarrung und Wärmebehandlung des Materials entstehen. Es ist also erfindungswesentlich, daß eine hochreine Legierung mittels Stickstoffes mit einem Reinheitsgrad von mindestens 99,999% Stickstoff verdüst und eine Physisorption von Sauerstoff an der Pulverkornoberfläche bis zum Einschließen in eine Kapsel vermieden wird, wodurch der gehipte Werstoff einen Sauerstoffgehalt von kleiner 100 ppm und einen Gehalt und eine Konfiguration von nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen entsprechend einem K0-Wert von höchstens 3 gemäß Prüfung nach DIN 50 602 aufweist.The degree of oxide purity of the invention is of particular importance Material because not only its mechanical inclusions due to non-metallic inclusions Properties can deteriorate, but it can also be caused by this Non-metals disadvantageous germination effects during solidification and Heat treatment of the material arise. It is therefore essential to the invention that a high purity nitrogen alloy with a purity of atomized at least 99.999% nitrogen and physisorption of oxygen the powder grain surface is avoided until it is enclosed in a capsule, whereby the hipped material has an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm and a Content and configuration of non-metallic inclusions accordingly has a K0 value of at most 3 according to the test according to DIN 50 602.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Anhand von Ergebnissen aus vergleichenden Untersuchungen soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.Preferred embodiments are characterized in the subclaims. The invention is intended to be used on the basis of results from comparative studies are explained in more detail.

Es zeigenShow it

Tab. 1 Die chemische Zusammensetzung der erfindungsgemäßen und Vergleichs-Stahllegierungen.Tab. 1 The chemical composition of the inventive and comparative steel alloys.

Tab.2 Meßwerte, ermittelt bei der mechanischen Prüfung der Stahllegierungen
Fig. 1 Meßanordnung zur Ermittlung der Biegebruchfestigkeit
Fig. Probenform für die Feststellung der Schlagbiegearbeit
Fig. 3 Vorrichtung zur Messung des Verschleißwiderstandes ( schematisch)
Fig. 4 Gegenüberstellung der Biegebruchfestigkeit der Stahllegierungen
Fig. 5 Gegenüberstellung der Schlagbiegearbeit
Fig. 6 Gegenüberstellung des jeweiligen Verschleißwiderstandes der StahllegierungenTab. 2 Measured values, determined during the mechanical testing of the steel alloys
Fig. 1 measuring arrangement for determining the bending strength
Fig. Sample form for the determination of the impact bending work
3 device for measuring the wear resistance (schematic)
Fig. 4 Comparison of the bending strength of the steel alloys
Fig. 5 comparison of the impact bending work
Fig. 6 comparison of the respective wear resistance of the steel alloys

Aus der Tabelle 1 ist die chemische Zusammensetzung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung ( Leg. A) und jene der Vergleichslegierungen ( B bis J ) ersichtlich.Table 1 shows the chemical composition of an invention Cold work steel alloy (Leg. A) and those of the comparative alloys (B to J) seen.

In Tabelle 2 sind die Erprobungsergebnisse für Biegebruchfestigkeit, die Schlagbiegearbeit und den Verschleißwiderstand der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung A und der Vergleichslegierungen B bis J angegeben.In Table 2, the test results for bending strength are: Impact bending work and the wear resistance of the alloy according to the invention A and the comparative alloys B to J.

Die Biegebruchfestigkeit der Stahllegierungen wurde an auf 61 HRC vergüteten Rundproben (Rd = 5,0 mm) in einer Einrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 ermittelt. Die Vorkraft Fr betrug 200 N, die Geschwindigkeit bis zur Vorkraft war 2 mm/min und die Prüfgeschwindigkeit betrug 5 mm/min.
An Proben mit der Form gemäß Fig. 2 erfolgten die Untersuchungen der Schlagbiegearbeit der jeweiligen Stahllegierungen.The bending strength of the steel alloys was determined on round specimens tempered to 61 HRC (R d = 5.0 mm) in a device according to FIG. 1. The preload F r was 200 N, the speed up to the preload was 2 mm / min and the test speed was 5 mm / min.
The tests of the impact bending work of the respective steel alloys were carried out on samples with the shape according to FIG. 2.

Aus Fig. 3 ist die Einrichtung zur Ermittlung des Verschleißwiderstandes in schematischer Darstellung entnehmbar.3 shows the device for determining the wear resistance in schematic representation can be removed.

Wird nun die Biegebruchfestigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung A jener der Vergleichslegierungen ( B bis J) ( Tab. 2), in einer Balkendarstellung gezeigt in Fig. 4, gegenübergestellt, so weisen die Legierungen E, F, H und I jeweils gleichmaßen hohe Werte auf, wobei die Legierung I die höchste Biegebruchfestigkeit besitzt.If the bending strength of alloy A according to the invention is now that of Comparative alloys (B to J) (Tab. 2), shown in a bar graph in Fig. 4, compared, the alloys E, F, H and I each have the same dimensions high values, with alloy I having the highest flexural strength.

Bei einem Vergleich der jeweiligen Schlagbiegearbeit ( Fig. 5) der Kaltarbeitsstahllegierungen besitzt wiederum die Legierung I den höchsten Wert. Die Meßdaten der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung A und der Legierung F weisen geringfügig niedrigere Werte für diese mechanische Eigenschaft auf.When comparing the respective impact bending work (Fig. 5) Cold-work steel alloys, in turn, have the highest value for alloy I. The Measurement data of alloy A according to the invention and alloy F indicate slightly lower values for this mechanical property.

Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen des Verschleißwiderstandes der Legierungen sind in graphischer Darstellung in Fig. 6 gegenübergestellt,, wobei für die Legierung H und die erfindungsgemäße Legierung A die höchsten Werte ermittelt wurden.The results of the investigations of the wear resistance of the alloys are compared in graphical representation in FIG. 6, whereby for the alloy H and the alloy A according to the invention the highest values were determined.

Aus den Ergebnissen der Untersuchungen ist entnehmbar, daß die wichtigen Eigenschaftsmerkmale, Biegebruchfestigkeit, Schlagbiegearbeit und Verschleißwiderstand einer erfindungsgemäßen Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung sich gleichermaßen auf hohem Niveau befinden und diese neue Legierung auszeichnen.

Figure 00080001
Figure 00090001
It can be seen from the results of the tests that the important properties, bending strength, impact bending work and wear resistance of a cold work steel alloy according to the invention are equally at a high level and distinguish this new alloy.
Figure 00080001
Figure 00090001

Claims (4)

Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung enthaltend in Gew.-% Kohlenstoff (C) 2,05 bis 2,65 Silizium (Si) bis 2,0 Mangan (Mn) bis 2,0 Chrom (Cr) 6,10 bis 9,80 Wolfram (W) 0,50 bis 2,40 Molybdän (Mo) 2,15 bis 4,70 Vanadin (V) 7,05 bis 9,0 Niob (Nb) 0,25 bis 2,45 Kobalt (Co) bis 10,0 Schwefel (S) bis 0,3 Stickstoff (N) 0,04 bis 0,22 Nickel (Ni) bis 1,50
sowie Begleitelemente bis 2,6 und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen mit Eisen (Fe) als Rest zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen mit hoher Zähigkeit und Härte sowie Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiß und Materialermüdung, insbesondere Werkzeuge, welche Teile einen Gehalt an Sauerstoff (O) von kleiner als 100 ppm und einen Gehalt und eine Konfiguration von nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen entsprechend einem K0-Wert von höchstens 3 gemäß Prüfung nach DIN 50 602 aufweisen.Cold work steel alloy containing in% by weight Carbon (C) 2.05 to 2.65 Silicon (Si) to 2.0 Manganese (Mn) to 2.0 Chrome (Cr) 6.10 to 9.80 Tungsten (W) 0.50 to 2.40 Molybdenum (Mo) 2.15 to 4.70 Vanadium (V) 7.05 to 9.0 Niobium (Nb) 0.25 to 2.45 Cobalt (Co) to 10.0 Sulfur (S) up to 0.3 Nitrogen (N) 0.04 to 0.22 Nickel (Ni) to 1.50
as well as accompanying elements up to 2.6 and production-related impurities with iron (Fe) as the remainder for the powder metallurgical production of parts with high toughness and hardness as well as resistance to wear and material fatigue, especially tools, which parts have an oxygen (O) content of less than 100 ppm and have a content and configuration of non-metallic inclusions corresponding to a K0 value of at most 3 according to the test according to DIN 50 602. Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung nach Anspruch 1, welche ein oder mehrere Element(e) mit folgendem(en) Konzentrationswert(en) in Gew.-% besitzt(en) C 2,30 bis 2,59 Si 0,80 bis 1,50 Mn 0,30 bis 1,40 Cr 6,12 bis 7,50 Ni bis 1,0 W 0,60 bis 1,45 Mo 2,40 bis 4,40 V 7,40 bis 8,70 Nb 0,50 bis 1,95 N 0,06 bis 0,25
und der Wert ( Mn-S) mindestens 0,19 beträgt.Cold work steel alloy according to claim 1, which has one or more element (s) with the following concentration value (s) in% by weight C 2.30 to 2.59 Si 0.80 to 1.50 Mn 0.30 to 1.40 Cr 6.12 to 7.50 Ni to 1.0 W 0.60 to 1.45 Mo 2.40 to 4.40 V 7.40 to 8.70 Nb 0.50 to 1.95 N 0.06 to 0.25
and the value (Mn-S) is at least 0.19. Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, welche ein oder mehrere Element(e) mit folgendem(n) Konzentrationswert(en) in Gew.-% besitzt(en) Si 0,85 bis 1,30 Mn 0,40 bis 0,80 Cr 6,15 bis 6,95 Ni bis 0,90 Mo 3,55 bis 4,40 V 7,80 bis 8,59 Nb 0,75 bis 1,45 N 0,06 bis 0,15
Cold work steel alloy according to claim 1 or 2, which has one or more element (s) with the following concentration value (s) in% by weight Si 0.85 to 1.30 Mn 0.40 to 0.80 Cr 6.15 to 6.95 Ni to 0.90 Mo 3.55 to 4.40 V 7.80 to 8.59 Nb 0.75 to 1.45 N 0.06 to 0.15
Verfahren einer pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung eines Teiles oder Werkzeuges aus einer Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung enthaltend in Gew.-% C 2,05 bis 2,65 Si bis 2,0 Mn bis 2,0 Cr 6,10 bis 9,80 W 0,50 bis 2,40 Mo 2,15 bis 4,70 V 7,05 bis 9,0 Nb 0,25 bis 2,45 Co bis 10,0 S bis 0,3 N 0,04 bis 0,32 Ni bis 1,50
sowie Begleitelemente bis 2,6 und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen mit Eisen ( Fe) als Rest, wobei die flüssige Legierung konditioniert und mit Stickstoff mit einem Reinheitsgrad von 99,999 % zu Metallpulver mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von mindestens 60 % mit einer Partikelgröße von gleich/kleiner 100 Mikron (µm) verdüst wird, wonach unter Aufrechterhaltung der Stickstoffatmosphäre und Ausschalten einer Physisorption von Sauerstoff an den Kornoberflächen ein Einfüllen des Pulvers in eine Kapsel und ein Verschließen derselben erfolgen und das Pulver in einem heißisostatischen Preßvorgang zu einem vollkommen dichten Werkstoff gegebenenfalls mit anschließender Warmumformung verarbeitet wird, wobei temperaturbedingt ein Wachstum der gleichmäßig verteilten Monokarbide zu einer Größe von unter 10 µm erfolgt.Method of powder metallurgical production of a part or tool from a cold work steel alloy containing in% by weight C 2.05 to 2.65 Si to 2.0 Mn to 2.0 Cr 6.10 to 9.80 W 0.50 to 2.40 Mo 2.15 to 4.70 V 7.05 to 9.0 Nb 0.25 to 2.45 Co to 10.0 S up to 0.3 N 0.04 to 0.32 Ni to 1.50
as well as accompanying elements up to 2.6 and manufacturing-related impurities with iron (Fe) as the remainder, the liquid alloy being conditioned and with nitrogen with a degree of purity of 99.999% to metal powder with a particle size distribution of at least 60% with a particle size equal to / less than 100 microns ( µm) is sprayed, after which, while maintaining the nitrogen atmosphere and switching off a physical absorption of oxygen on the grain surfaces, the powder is filled into a capsule and sealed, and the powder is processed in a hot isostatic pressing process to a completely dense material, optionally with subsequent hot forming, with temperature-dependent growth of the uniformly distributed monocarbides to a size of less than 10 μm.
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US9410230B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2016-08-09 Koppern Entwicklungs Gmbh & Co. Kg Powder-metallurgically produced, wear-resistant material
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CN105384008A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-09 常熟市复林造纸机械有限公司 High-hardness roller for reeling machine

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US6773482B2 (en) 2004-08-10
ATA5872001A (en) 2002-09-15
HK1051879A1 (en) 2003-08-22
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DE50208230D1 (en) 2006-11-09
KR100476505B1 (en) 2005-03-17
DK1249512T3 (en) 2007-02-05
UA76704C2 (en) 2006-09-15
BR0202148A (en) 2003-06-10
CA2381508C (en) 2006-11-28
RU2221069C1 (en) 2004-01-10
CN1164787C (en) 2004-09-01
ES2272662T3 (en) 2007-05-01
KR20020080263A (en) 2002-10-23
CN1382825A (en) 2002-12-04
AR034306A1 (en) 2004-02-18
CA2381508A1 (en) 2002-10-11
AT410448B (en) 2003-04-25
TW589388B (en) 2004-06-01
BR0202148B1 (en) 2010-11-16

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