CN103157796B - Method of forming powder metallurgy tool steel - Google Patents
Method of forming powder metallurgy tool steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103157796B CN103157796B CN201310122401.XA CN201310122401A CN103157796B CN 103157796 B CN103157796 B CN 103157796B CN 201310122401 A CN201310122401 A CN 201310122401A CN 103157796 B CN103157796 B CN 103157796B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of forming powder metallurgy tool steel. The method includes a first step of conducting carbon-reduction and anneal on water atomization tool steel powder under the vacuum condition, a second step of evenly coating the surface of the powder with a layer of graphitic lubricant assisting in sintering, and obtaining mixed material after paraffins forming agent is mixed in, a third step of manufacturing material blank or part blank by compression moulding forming of the mixed material and dewaxing, and a fourth step of sintering the material blank or the part blank by a vacuum-pressure furnace. The powder metallurgy tool steel (high-speed steel) produced by the method is even and fine in formation, relative density of the tool steel reaches 99.5% and the density is close to be fully compact. Material performance is excellent, the powder metallurgy tool steel is close to isostatic pressing tool steel (high-speed steel) material in physical and mechanical properties, and the method of forming the powder metallurgy tool steel has the advantage of being low in cost, free from cutting, high in efficiency and capable of massively producing parts the same with powder metallurgy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material manufacturing process, be specifically related to a kind of forming method of powder metallurgy tool steel.
Background technology
Conventional tool steel (high-speed steel) is casting-forge material, due to composition segregation, organizes thickly, and mechanical performance is general, and, make part and need carry out a large amount of machining.The metallurgical tool steel of ordinary powder (high-speed steel) goods of colding pressing, compare casting-forging and expect workpiece, and material structure is evenly tiny, segregation-free, stable performance; Meanwhile, adopt mould molding, be applicable to part in enormous quantities, complex-shaped, dimensional accuracy is high and produce; But due to the existence of hole, the mechanical performance index such as intensity, toughness are not high, use also thereby be restricted.Adopt high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), tool steel (high-speed steel) powder has been made to fully dense steel billet, and keep evenly tiny tissue, strength character can increase substantially; But make part still need with cast-forge material the same, needs follow-up machining; Add that high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) itself drops into huge, production efficiency is low, the steel billet unit price of making just up to hundreds of units/kilogram, thereby use is also subject to suitable restriction.
Summary of the invention
The forming method that the object of this invention is to provide the high and low cost of a kind of efficiency, powder metallurgy tool steel that performance is good and energy-conservation.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention employing is:
The forming method of powder metallurgy tool steel, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the tool steel that makes water fogging (high-speed steel) powder carry out carbon reduction at the temperature of vacuum 3-10Pa, 900-950 ℃, then insulation annealing at the temperature of 780-820 ℃;
Step 2, in the tool steel through reduced anneal (high-speed steel) powder, add graphitic lubricant, carbon in graphitic lubricant accounts for 0.5 of gross weight---3.0%(weight), mix, vacuum drying is sieved, make powder surface evenly coated one deck help the graphitic lubricant of sintering, more evenly sneak into wax moulding agent and obtain compound;
Step 3, the compound of step 2 is made to material blank or part base with traditional powder metallurgical technique compression molding, its pressed compact relative density 70---85%, then under vacuum or protective gas condition, adopt the temperature pre-burning dewaxing of 300-600 ℃;
Step 4, the material blank of step 3 or part are carried out to sintering with vacuum-pressure stove, 5-10 ℃ in the phasor solidus that the highest sintering temperature T is compound, temperature error is less than ± and 3 ℃, air pressure 0---8 MPa.
The carbon content Deviation Control of the tool steel of described step 1 (high-speed steel) powder is in ± 0.1%, and other main component deviation is ± 0.25%.
The vacuum-pressure stove of described step 4, by following procedure operation:
Stage one: 0～1100 ℃ of intensification temperature, vacuum pressure 10～100Pa, 60～120 minutes time;
Stage two: 900～1100 ℃ of holding temperatures, vacuum pressure 5～10Pa, 60～90 minutes time;
Stage three: intensification temperature 900～T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 5～10Pa, 5～90 minutes time;
Stage four: holding temperature T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 5～10Pa, 5～90 minutes time;
Stage five: intensification temperature T-40～T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 1～5Pa, 5～30 minutes time;
Stage six: holding temperature T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 1～5 Pa, 30～120 minutes time;
Stage seven: holding temperature T ℃, air pressure 1Pa～8 MPa, 30～120 minutes time;
Wherein T is 1225～1230 ℃.
Feature of the present invention is to adopt high-quality high pure raw material to be atomized into tool steel (high-speed steel) powder, high temperature reduction annealing, be coated and help sinter additives graphite again, then adopt conventional cold moudling, finally, use accurate controlled vacuum-pressure sintering technology, carry out supersolidus sintering, make tool steel (high-speed steel) material and part.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is by coated sinter additives graphite, the precise vacuum-pressure supersolidus sintering of helping of tool steel (high-speed steel) powder, tool steel (high-speed steel) material and the part produced, even tissue is tiny, and relative density is up to 99.5%, and density approaches complete fine and close;
2, tool steel (high-speed steel) excellent material performance that the present invention produces, physical and mechanical properties approaches and waits static pressure tool steel (high-speed steel) material, far above traditional Sintered material and casting, forges tool steel (high-speed steel) material;
3, the present invention inherited the low cost of powder metallurgy, without cutting, high efficiency, can produce the advantage of part in enormous quantities; Compare, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) has high input, energy consumption is high, production cost is high, stock utilization is low; The features such as that the present invention has is efficient, energy-conservation, low row.
Below by embodiment, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The forming method of powder metallurgy tool steel, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the tool steel that makes water fogging (high-speed steel) Cr12Nb4MO1 powder are carried out carbon reduction at vacuum 5Pa, the temperature of 900 ℃, then insulation annealing at the temperature of 780-820 ℃;
Step 2, in the tool steel through reduced anneal (high-speed steel) powder, add graphitic lubricant, graphitic lubricant is selected the DAG154 of Henkel company, carbon in graphitic lubricant accounts for the 2.3%(weight of gross weight), mix, vacuum drying is sieved, make powder surface evenly coated one deck help the graphitic lubricant of sintering, more evenly sneak into wax moulding agent and obtain compound;
Step 3, the compound of step 2 is made to material blank or part base with traditional powder metallurgical technique compression molding, its pressed compact relative density 85%, then under vacuum condition, adopt the temperature pre-burning dewaxing of 400 ℃;
Step 4, the material blank of step 3 or part are carried out to sintering with vacuum-pressure stove, 1220 ℃ upper 10 ℃ 1230 ℃ of the phasor solidus that the highest sintering temperature T is compound, temperature error is less than ± and 3 ℃, air pressure 6MPa.
The carbon content Deviation Control of the tool steel of described step 1 (high-speed steel) powder is in ± 0.1%, and other main component deviation is ± 0.25%.
The vacuum-pressure stove of described step 4, by following procedure operation:
Stage one: 0～1100 ℃ of intensification temperature, vacuum pressure 80Pa, 120 minutes time;
Stage two: 1100 ℃ of holding temperatures, vacuum pressure 8Pa, 60 minutes time;
Stage three: intensification temperature 1100～T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 8Pa, 20 minutes time;
Stage four: holding temperature T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 8Pa, 60 minutes time;
Stage five: intensification temperature T-40～T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 3Pa, 5 minutes time;
Stage six: holding temperature T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 3Pa, 60 minutes time;
Stage seven: holding temperature T ℃, air pressure 6MPa, 30 minutes time.
Embodiment 2
The forming method of powder metallurgy tool steel, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the tool steel that makes water fogging (high-speed steel) Cr12Ni1MO0.5C2.0 powder are carried out carbon reduction at vacuum 10Pa, the temperature of 900 ℃, then insulation annealing at the temperature of 780 ℃;
Step 2, in the tool steel through reduced anneal (high-speed steel) powder, add graphitic lubricant, graphitic lubricant is selected the DAG154 of Henkel company, carbon in graphitic lubricant accounts for the 0.5%(weight of gross weight), mix, vacuum drying is sieved, make powder surface evenly coated one deck help the graphitic lubricant of sintering, more evenly sneak into wax moulding agent and obtain compound;
Step 3, the compound of step 2 is made to material blank or part base with traditional powder metallurgical technique compression molding, its pressed compact relative density 70%, then under protective gas (decomposed ammonia body or nitrogen) condition, adopt the temperature pre-burning dewaxing of 600 ℃;
Step 4, the material blank of step 3 or part are carried out to sintering with vacuum-pressure stove, 1220 ℃ upper 10 ℃ 1230 ℃ of the phasor solidus that the highest sintering temperature T is compound, temperature error is less than ± and 3 ℃, air pressure 8MPa.
The carbon content Deviation Control of the tool steel of described step 1 (high-speed steel) powder is in ± 0.1%, and other main component deviation is ± 0.25%.
The vacuum-pressure stove of described step 4, by following procedure operation:
Stage one: 0～1000 ℃ of intensification temperature, vacuum pressure 100Pa, 80 minutes time;
Stage two: 1000 ℃ of holding temperatures, vacuum pressure 10Pa, 90 minutes time;
Stage three: intensification temperature 1000～T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 10Pa, 90 minutes time;
Stage four: holding temperature T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 10Pa, 90 minutes time;
Stage five: intensification temperature T-40～T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 5Pa, 30 minutes time;
Stage six: holding temperature T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 5Pa, 120 minutes time;
Stage seven: holding temperature T ℃, air pressure 8MPa, 30 minutes time.
Embodiment 3
The forming method of powder metallurgy tool steel, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the tool steel that makes water fogging (high-speed steel) Cr12Nb6MO1.5 powder are carried out carbon reduction at vacuum 3Pa, the temperature of 950 ℃, then insulation annealing at the temperature of 820 ℃;
Step 2, in the tool steel through reduced anneal (high-speed steel) powder, add graphitic lubricant, graphitic lubricant is selected the DAG154 of Henkel company, carbon in graphitic lubricant accounts for the 3.0%(weight of gross weight), mix, vacuum drying is sieved, make powder surface evenly coated one deck help the graphitic lubricant of sintering, more evenly sneak into wax moulding agent and obtain compound;
Step 3, the compound of step 2 is made to material blank or part base with traditional powder metallurgical technique compression molding, its pressed compact relative density 85%, then under vacuum condition, adopt the temperature pre-burning dewaxing of 300 ℃;
Step 4, the material blank of step 3 or part are carried out to sintering with vacuum-pressure stove, 1220 ℃ upper 5 ℃ 1225 ℃ of the phasor solidus that the highest sintering temperature T is compound, temperature error is less than ± and 3 ℃, air pressure 0MPa.
The carbon content Deviation Control of the tool steel of described step 1 (high-speed steel) powder is in ± 0.1%, and other main component deviation is ± 0.25%.
The vacuum-pressure stove of described step 4, by following procedure operation:
Stage one: 0～1000 ℃ of intensification temperature, vacuum pressure 10Pa, 60 minutes time;
Stage two: 1000 ℃ of holding temperatures, vacuum pressure 5Pa, 60 minutes time;
Stage three: intensification temperature 1000～T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 5Pa, 5 minutes time;
Stage four: holding temperature T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 5Pa, 5 minutes time;
Stage five: intensification temperature T-40～T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 1Pa, 5 minutes time;
Stage six: holding temperature T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 1Pa, 30 minutes time;
Stage seven: holding temperature T ℃, air pressure 1Pa, 120 minutes time.
Described graphitic lubricant and wax moulding agent are conventional commercially available prod.
That the parts that adopt the inventive method to produce have is wear-resisting, density is high, good mechanical property, is applicable to the feature (referring to table 1) of producing in enormous quantities.
Table 1 agglomerated material physical and mechanical properties
The inventive method is for processing engine critical component and the crucial wear parts of engine of military commander car, and component density is greater than 7.6g/cm3 (relative density 99%), carbide size 6-8 micron, and pore-size is less than 0.01; After heat treatment, material bending strength >=2500 MN/mm2.Performance reaches requirement completely, and unconventional powder metallurgy far away cold pressing part and forge piece are close with high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) part, have obtained good effect, can meet specification requirement (referring to table 2) completely.
The requirement of table 2 engine technology
Claims (2)
1. a forming method for powder metallurgy tool steel, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the tool steel powder that makes water fogging carry out carbon reduction at the temperature of vacuum 3-10Pa, 900-950 ℃, then insulation annealing at the temperature of 780-820 ℃;
Step 2, in the tool steel powder through reduced anneal, add graphitic lubricant, carbon in graphitic lubricant accounts for 0.5 of gross weight---3.0%(weight), mix, vacuum drying is sieved, make powder surface evenly coated one deck help the graphitic lubricant of sintering, more evenly sneak into wax moulding agent and obtain compound;
Step 3, the compound of step 2 is made to material blank or part base with traditional powder metallurgical technique compression molding, its pressed compact relative density 70---85%, then under vacuum or protective gas condition, adopt the temperature pre-burning dewaxing of 300-600 ℃;
Step 4, the material blank of step 3 or part are carried out to sintering with vacuum-pressure stove, 5-10 ℃ in the phasor solidus that the highest sintering temperature T is compound, temperature error is less than ± and 3 ℃, air pressure 0---8 MPa;
Described vacuum-pressure stove is pressed following procedure operation:
Stage one: 0～1100 ℃ of intensification temperature, vacuum pressure 10～100Pa, 60～120 minutes time;
Stage two: 900～1100 ℃ of holding temperatures, vacuum pressure 5～10Pa, 60～90 minutes time;
Stage three: intensification temperature 900～T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 5～10Pa, 5～90 minutes time;
Stage four: holding temperature T-40 ℃, vacuum pressure 5～10Pa, 5～90 minutes time;
Stage five: intensification temperature T-40～T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 1～5Pa, 5～30 minutes time;
Stage six: holding temperature T-5 ℃, vacuum pressure 1～5 Pa, 30～120 minutes time;
Stage seven: holding temperature T ℃, air pressure 1Pa～8 MPa, 30～120 minutes time;
Wherein T is 1225～1230 ℃.
2. the forming method of powder metallurgy tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that the carbon content Deviation Control of tool steel powder of described step 1 is in ± 0.1%, and other main component deviation is ± 0.25%.
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| CN105290415A (en) * | 2015-11-14 | 2016-02-03 | 丹阳市蓝锐粉末合金制品有限公司 | Direct production method for high-molybdenum tool steel powder |
| CN105965007B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-05-25 | 中南大学 | A kind of method for preparing Powder High-speed Steels using more atmosphere assisted sinterings |
| CN108746647A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-06 | 北京金物科技发展有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and Powder High-speed Steels of Powder High-speed Steels |
| CN111906314B (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2022-03-18 | 中南大学 | Method for synchronously improving density and elongation of powder metallurgy material |
| CN114653958B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-11-29 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Superfine carbide reinforced high-speed tool steel powder raw material and sintering method |
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| CN1260405A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-07-19 | 易通公司 | Powdered metallurgy valve-seat insert piece |
| CN1382825A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-12-04 | 博哈里尔特种钢有限公司 | Tool steel alloy for preparing powder metallurgy parts |
| CN1410197A (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2003-04-16 | 莱芜钢铁集团粉末冶金有限公司 | Manufacturing method of diffused alloy steel powder |
| CN1693016A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2005-11-09 | 深圳大学 | Quick mfg. method for powder metallurgy formation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103556083B (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2016-12-28 | 伊拉斯蒂尔.克罗斯特公司 | The high-speed steel of powder metallurgically manufacturing |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1260405A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-07-19 | 易通公司 | Powdered metallurgy valve-seat insert piece |
| CN1382825A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-12-04 | 博哈里尔特种钢有限公司 | Tool steel alloy for preparing powder metallurgy parts |
| CN1410197A (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2003-04-16 | 莱芜钢铁集团粉末冶金有限公司 | Manufacturing method of diffused alloy steel powder |
| CN1693016A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2005-11-09 | 深圳大学 | Quick mfg. method for powder metallurgy formation |
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