CN104368816A - Method for manufacturing iron-based powder metallurgy components - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing iron-based powder metallurgy components Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104368816A
CN104368816A CN201310353629.XA CN201310353629A CN104368816A CN 104368816 A CN104368816 A CN 104368816A CN 201310353629 A CN201310353629 A CN 201310353629A CN 104368816 A CN104368816 A CN 104368816A
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sintering
powder
presintering
manufacture method
copper
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CN104368816B (en
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包崇玺
王劲松
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NBTM New Materials Group Co Ltd
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NBTM New Materials Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing iron-based powder metallurgy components. The method is characterized by comprising steps of 1), designing compositions of materials; 2), mixing the materials; 3), shaping the materials, to be more specific, pressing mixed powder and obtaining blanks; 4), performing pre-sintering on the blanks in non-oxidizing atmosphere at the sintering temperatures of 800-1090 DEG C for the pre-sintering time of 1-120 minutes; 5), re-pressing, machining and squeezing the blanks and rolling the surfaces of the blanks; 6), secondarily sintering the blanks in non-oxidizing atmosphere at the sintering temperatures higher than 1090 DEG C. Carbon elements are copper-coated graphite powder. Compared with the traditional re-pressing and re-sintering or secondary pressure sintering processes, the method has the advantages that the copper-coated graphite powder is used as a carbon source, accordingly, the hardness of the blanks obtained by means of pre-sintering can be greatly reduced; the blanks can be sufficiently sintered as compared with pre-sintering at the temperatures of 780-850 DEG C, products can be machined after being subjected to pre-sintering, and the surfaces of the products are processed by means of rolling and the like under high stress.

Description

A kind of manufacture method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of powder metallurgy, especially a kind of manufacture method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts.
Background technology
Powder metallurgy is production high strength and the effective technique of complex-shaped gear.At present, by using high performance powder, shaping, sintering and special aft-loaded airfoil, powder metallurgical technique can produce density more than 7.4g/cm 3part.Repressing and re-sintering technology can the density of significantly improving product.Adopt common atomized iron powder through being shaped and sintering, the density of iron-based powder metallurgy parts can only reach 7.1g/cm 3left and right.Want the density improving powdered metal parts further, the repressing and re-sintering technique of shaping-presintering-multiple pressure-double sintering can be adopted.Pre-burning has two effects.One, anneals to the powder of work hardening when being shaped, and reduces the yield strength of ferrous powder granules, improves density when being beneficial to secondary compacting.Its two, deviate from the organic lubricant in product.Organic lubricant is lower due to density, occupies larger space in the product, and during shaping, these lubricants are difficult to compression, and the raising of density is restricted.And the lubricant of more than 95% can both be deviate from during pre-burning, the position that during pressure, lubricant occupies again just can be compressed, and is beneficial to raising density.
Carbon is the important alloying element of iron-base powder metallurgy material.General part all inevitably contains the carbon of more than 0.3%.In ferrous based powder metallurgical, carbon back this add when batch mixing with the form of graphite.The constitutional detail be made up of the mixed powder of iron powder and graphite powder, the intensity of its material increases along with phosphorus content equally and increases.The pressed compact be shaped by the mixed powder of iron powder and graphite powder, when sintering, carbon in graphite is diffused in iron, after formation austenite (solid solution of carbon in high temperature form iron) pressed compact sintering during cool to room temperature, austenite undergoes phase transition, when copmbined-carbon content is 0.80%, form pearlite (eutectic mixture of ferrite and cementite); When copmbined-carbon content is lower than 0.80% (i.e. sub-eutectoid steel), form ferrite and pearlitic mixture; When copmbined-carbon content is higher than 0.80% (i.e. hypereutectoid steel), form the mixture of pearlite and cementite.
In order to avoid or slow down Carbon diffusion, retain more ferrite, general pre-sintering temperature is generally about 780 ~ 850 DEG C, along with the lifting of pre-sintering temperature, Carbon diffusion increase, pearlite etc. organize ratio significantly to increase.Along with content of pearlite in alloy increases, the pressure of multiple pressure increases, and mould loss simultaneously also increases.
But because pre-sintering temperature is too low, the intensity of sintered blank is not high, and carrying out multiple pressure in closed die cavity does not generally have large problem, but the requirement of product is more and more higher now, such as, require that the density of product is greater than 7.4g/cm 3, gear (sprocket wheel) flank of tooth surface densification.Such as, be difficult to carry out during the surface densification of high carbon products, adopt the mode of presintering, because intensity is not enough, when roll extrusion, whole teeth portion comes off completely, is difficult to realize densified.
Therefore, in order to obtain the lower material had compared with high-elongation of hardness, a small amount of graphite is generally only added as alloying element (carbon is lower than 0.3%), product carries out carburetting mainly through carburizing heat treatment, because product density improves, carburizing time is oversize, and intensity is difficult to reach requirement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind ofly has higher sintering strength after presintering, has the manufacture method of the iron-based powder metallurgy parts compared with soft simultaneously.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of manufacture method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) designing material composition: design as required, than iron, also at least include copper and carbon two kinds of alloying elements, carbon content 0.1 ~ 1.2wt%, copper content 0.1 ~ 5.0wt%;
2) batch mixing: wherein carbon adopts copper coated graphite powder;
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in non-oxidizing atmosphere, sintering temperature 800 DEG C ~ 1090 DEG C, 1 ~ 120 minute presintering time;
5) process;
6) sinter: in non-oxidizing atmosphere, carry out double sintering, sintering temperature is greater than 1090 DEG C, sintering time 5 ~ 90 minutes.
As preferably, the chemical composition of described copper coated graphite powder is: carbon: copper=20 ~ 60%:40 ~ 80%, wherein has the inevitable impurity being no more than 2%, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
As preferably, the apparent density of described copper coated graphite powder is 2.0 ~ 6.0g/cm 3, the granularity of described copper coated graphite powder is that-100 orders are to-5000 orders.
Preferably, the sintering temperature of described step 4) presintering is 950 ~ 1080 DEG C, and 20 ~ 120 minutes time, sintering furnace is meshbeltfurnace, push rod furnace, clock hood type furnace or vacuum drying oven.
Preferably, the non-oxidizing atmosphere of described step 4) and step 6) is nitrogen-based atmosphere or vacuum.
Preferably, described non-oxidizing atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%.
Finally, described processing also comprise machining before multiple pressure and extruding after machining, surface rolling.
Described material composition also includes molybdenum or 0.1 ~ 5wt% chromium of 0.2 ~ 1.3wt%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: adopt copper coated graphite powder as carbon source, compared with pressing firing technique with traditional repressing and re-sintering or secondary, it is advantageous that: one, the hardness of presintering base can significantly reduce; Its two, what sinter compared with 780 ~ 850 DEG C of pre-burnings is abundant; Product can carry out machining in addition, and surface rolling etc. process by the processing of larger stress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the photo of copper coated graphite powder;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 1 presintering;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 1 sinters;
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 2 presintering;
Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 2 sinters;
Fig. 6 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 3 presintering;
Fig. 7 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 3 sinters;
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 4 presintering;
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 4 sinters;
Figure 10 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 5 presintering;
Figure 11 is the metallographic structure after embodiment 5 sinters;
Figure 12 is the hole illustrated handbook figure of piece surface;
Figure 13 is the hole illustrated handbook figure of piece surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
1) designing material composition: material is MFIF FC0200, and carbon is 0.3%, and copper is other compositions inevitable of 1.6%, less than 2%, Yu Weitie, percent mass hundred.
2) batch mixing, wherein graphite adopts graphitiferous to be 50% bronze medal is the copper coated graphite powder of 50%, and ratio is 0.6%, and atomization straight iron powder is 97.7%, electrolytic copper powder: 1.3%, lubricant 0.4%; Percent mass hundred.
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, sintering temperature 1050 DEG C, presintering time 30 clock;
5) sinter: sintering temperature 1120 DEG C, sintering time 45 minutes, atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
After presintering, hardness is HRB25 ~ 32, and content of pearlite in alloy is 0%, sees Fig. 2.After sintering, content of pearlite in alloy is 20%, and hardness is HRB38 ~ 42, and Fig. 3 is shown in metallographic structure.
Embodiment 2
1) designing material composition: material is MFIF FC0205, and carbon is 0.6%, and copper is other compositions inevitable of 1.6%, less than 2%, Yu Weitie, percent mass hundred.
2) batch mixing, wherein graphite adopts graphitiferous to be 50% bronze medal is the copper coated graphite powder of 50%, and ratio is 1.2%, and atomized iron powder is 97.4%, electrolytic copper powder: 1.0%, lubricant 0.4%; Percent mass hundred.
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, sintering temperature 1040 DEG C, presintering time 30 clock;
5) sinter: sintering temperature is greater than 1120 DEG C, sintering time 60 minutes, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
After presintering, hardness is HRB43 ~ 50, and content of pearlite in alloy is 35%, and Fig. 4 is shown in metallographic structure.After sintering, content of pearlite in alloy is 75%, and hardness is HRB55 ~ 61, and Fig. 5 is shown in metallographic structure.
Embodiment 3
1) designing material composition: carbon is 0.6%, and copper is 1.6%, and molybdenum is other compositions inevitable of 0.35%, less than 2%, Yu Weitie, percent mass hundred.
2) batch mixing, wherein graphite adopts graphitiferous to be 50% bronze medal is the copper coated graphite powder of 50%, and ratio is 1.2%, and the ferromolybdenum powder containing molybdenum 0.85% is 40%, and atomized iron powder is 57.4%, electrolytic copper powder: 1.0%, lubricant 0.4%; Percent mass hundred.
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, sintering temperature 1060 DEG C, presintering time 30 clock;
5) sinter: sintering temperature is greater than 1120 DEG C, sintering time 25 minutes, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
After presintering, hardness is HRB41 ~ 50, upper bainite 25%, and ferrite 75%, Fig. 6 is shown in metallographic structure.After sintering, hardness is HRB65 ~ 68, and upper bainite 50%, pearlite 25%, ferrite 25%, Fig. 7 is shown in metallographic structure.
Embodiment 4
1) designing material composition: carbon is 0.25%, and copper is 0.2%, and chromium is other compositions inevitable of 1.5%, less than 2%, Yu Weitie, percent mass hundred.
2) batch mixing, wherein graphite adopts graphitiferous to be 50% bronze medal is the copper coated graphite powder of 50%, and ratio is 0.5%, is 99.1% containing chromium 1.5% iron chromium alloy powder, lubricant 0.4%; Percent mass hundred.
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, sintering temperature 1060 DEG C, presintering time 30 clock;
5) sinter: sintering temperature is greater than 1120 DEG C, sintering time 60 minutes, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
After presintering, hardness is HRB18 ~ 20, and Fig. 8 is shown in metallographic structure.After sintering, hardness is HRB53, and Fig. 9 is shown in metallographic structure.
Embodiment 5
1) designing material composition: carbon is 0.65%, and copper is 0.65%, and chromium is other compositions inevitable of 1.5%, less than 2%, Yu Weitie, percent mass hundred.
2) batch mixing, wherein graphite adopts graphitiferous to be 50% bronze medal is the copper coated graphite powder of 50%, and ratio is 1.3%, is 98.3% containing chromium 1.5% iron chromium alloy powder, lubricant 0.4%; Percent mass hundred.
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, sintering temperature 1060 DEG C, presintering time 30 clock;
5) surface rolling: part is placed on surface rolling machine and carries out roll extrusion.
6) sinter: sintering temperature is greater than 1120 DEG C, sintering time 45 minutes, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
7) metallographic detects: after presintering, hardness is HRB70, and Figure 10 is shown in metallographic structure; After sintering, hardness is HRB82, and Figure 11 is shown in metallographic structure.
Hole illustrated handbook Figure 12 of piece surface;
Embodiment 6
1) designing material composition: carbon is 0.65%, and copper is 0.65%, and chromium is other compositions inevitable of 1.5%, less than 2%, Yu Weitie, percent mass hundred.
2) batch mixing, wherein graphite adopts graphite powder, and ratio is 0.65%, and copper is electrolytic copper powder, and ratio is 0.65%, is 98.3% containing chromium 1.5% iron chromium alloy powder, lubricant 0.4%; Percent mass hundred.
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, sintering temperature 1060 DEG C, presintering time 30 clock;
5) surface rolling: part is placed on surface rolling machine and carries out roll extrusion.
6) sinter: sintering temperature is greater than 1120 DEG C, sintering time 45 minutes, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
7) metallographic detects: hole illustrated handbook Figure 13 of piece surface.
Contrasted as can be seen from Figure 12 and Figure 13, adopt copper-coated graphite powder, after roll extrusion, effectively can reduce the quantity of hole, the thickness of surface compact layer is darker simultaneously.

Claims (8)

1. a manufacture method for iron-based powder metallurgy parts, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) designing material composition: design as required, than iron, also at least include copper and carbon two kinds of alloying elements, carbon content 0.1 ~ 1.2wt%, copper content 0.1 ~ 5.0wt%;
2) batch mixing: wherein carbon adopts copper coated graphite powder;
3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
4) presintering: shaping green compact are carried out presintering in non-oxidizing atmosphere, sintering temperature 800 DEG C ~ 1090 DEG C, 1 ~ 120 minute presintering time;
5) process;
6) sinter: in non-oxidizing atmosphere, carry out double sintering, sintering temperature is greater than 1090 DEG C, sintering time 5 ~ 90 minutes.
2. manufacture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the chemical composition of described copper coated graphite powder is: carbon: copper=20 ~ 60%:40 ~ 80%, wherein has the inevitable impurity being no more than 2%, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
3. manufacture method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the apparent density of described copper coated graphite powder is 2.0 ~ 6.0g/cm 3, the granularity of described copper coated graphite powder is that-100 orders are to-5000 orders.
4. manufacture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sintering temperature of described step 4) presintering is 950 ~ 1080 DEG C, and 20 ~ 120 minutes time, sintering furnace is meshbeltfurnace, push rod furnace, clock hood type furnace or vacuum drying oven.
5. manufacture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the non-oxidizing atmosphere of described step 4) and step 6) is nitrogen-based atmosphere or vacuum.
6. manufacture method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described non-oxidizing atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%.
7. manufacture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described processing comprises machining, extrusion molding, shaping, and multiple pressure, surface rolling is densified.
8. manufacture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described material composition also includes molybdenum or 0.1 ~ 5wt% chromium of 0.2 ~ 1.3wt%.
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CN106670464A (en) * 2017-01-13 2017-05-17 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method for titanium-magnesium double-metal composite of double-communication netted structure
CN108500277A (en) * 2018-03-28 2018-09-07 上海汽车粉末冶金有限公司 A kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy surface densified parts
CN109702207A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-03 江苏智造新材有限公司 Engine blade formula becomes displacement oil pump rotor and its method for preparing powder metallurgy
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CN111531166A (en) * 2020-05-26 2020-08-14 南京东睦粉末冶金有限公司 Method for improving sintering density of iron-based powder metallurgy part
CN112974794A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-18 仪征亚新科双环活塞环有限公司 Powder metallurgy valve guide pipe and preparation method thereof
CN113523285A (en) * 2021-07-13 2021-10-22 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 Preparation method of powder metallurgy high-density multi-row-tooth chain wheel
CN113560566A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 东风商用车有限公司 Manufacturing method of high-density powder metallurgy synchronizing ring

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CN105648333A (en) * 2016-03-31 2016-06-08 泰安皆瑞金属科技有限公司 Copper-containing iron-based powder metallurgy material and preparation process thereof
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CN108500277A (en) * 2018-03-28 2018-09-07 上海汽车粉末冶金有限公司 A kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy surface densified parts
CN109702207A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-03 江苏智造新材有限公司 Engine blade formula becomes displacement oil pump rotor and its method for preparing powder metallurgy
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CN111531166A (en) * 2020-05-26 2020-08-14 南京东睦粉末冶金有限公司 Method for improving sintering density of iron-based powder metallurgy part
CN112974794A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-18 仪征亚新科双环活塞环有限公司 Powder metallurgy valve guide pipe and preparation method thereof
CN112974794B (en) * 2021-02-03 2023-11-03 仪征亚新科双环活塞环有限公司 Powder metallurgy valve guide
CN113523285A (en) * 2021-07-13 2021-10-22 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 Preparation method of powder metallurgy high-density multi-row-tooth chain wheel
CN113560566A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 东风商用车有限公司 Manufacturing method of high-density powder metallurgy synchronizing ring

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