CN104878304B - Wear resistant and corrosion resistant tool steel for spray forming - Google Patents
Wear resistant and corrosion resistant tool steel for spray forming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to wear resistant and corrosion resistant tool steel for spray forming. The wear resistant and corrosion resistant tool steel comprises the following chemical components by weight percent: 2.0-2.5% of C, 0.1-1.0% of W, not larger than 1.8% of Mo, 18.3-22.0% of Cr, 3.5-5.8% of V, 0.2-1.9% of Nb, 0.15-0.5% of Co, not larger than 1.0% of Si, 0.2-1.0% of Mn, 0.05-0.5% of N and the balance of ferrum and impurities; the carbide of the wear resistant and corrosion resistant tool steel for spray forming is composed of an MC carbide and an M7C3 carbide, wherein the type of the MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N). The produced tool steel carbide is small in size, uniform in distribution, excellent in comprehensive performance and is particularly excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Compared with the powder metallurgy process, the tool steel provided by the invention is prepared by the spray forming process, which is conducive to reduce the overall cost of an alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tool steel, more particularly to a kind of reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel.
Background technology
Under the conditions of some special operation conditions, instrument or parts are subject not only to grinding hard in moving component or working media
Granule directly contact causes abrasion, is also subject to the corrosiveness of humidity, acid or other caustic, and the typical operating mode of such a is such as
The parts such as screw rod, screw rod head or the screw sleeve of injection molded are squeezed for plastics machinery, on the one hand due to adding big in plastics
Amount hard particles, such as glass fibre, carbon fiber cause these parts wears aggravations, in another aspect plastics corrosivity into
Divide and chemical attack is produced to parts.In order that the parts for being applied to these special operation conditions possess long service life, made
Must have high anti-wear performance and corrosion resisting property with tool steel, in addition to bearing working stress loading and impacting, tool steel
Need to possess certain hardness and toughness.The anti-wear performance of tool steel depends on hard second phase present in matrix hardness and steel
Content, form and particle size distribution.Hard second phase in steel includes M6C、M2C、M23C6、M7C3And MC etc., MC carbides
Microhardness be higher than other carbides, in operation process can preferably protect the substrate, so as to reduce the generation of abrasion, improve
The service life of tool and mould.The raising of tool steel corrosion resisting property depends on chromium solid solution in the base, it is believed that at least
It is necessary that 11% chromium is solid-solution in matrix.The toughness of tool steel depends on the distribution of matrix strength and the second phase, in steel
The presence of thick carbide causes stress concentration, reduces instrument steel toughness, causes to be ruptured under relatively low external force loading,
In order to improve instrument steel toughness, it is important means to reduce carbide content or refined carbides granularity.Tool steel uses process
In in order to avoid plastic deformation generation, tool steel usually requires that hardness reaches more than HRC60.
At present tool steel is mainly prepared using traditional cast forging process, and tool steel is prepared by technique mistake using cast forging process
The restriction of journey molten steel Slow cooling Solidification Characteristics, alloying component is susceptible to segregation in process of setting, forms thick carbonization
Thing is organized, and even across the process of follow-up forging rolling, this harmful structure still can bring harmful effect to alloy property, cause casting forging
Include that intensity, toughness, anti-wear performance, grindability energy etc. are in low level on instrument Steel Properties, it is difficult to meet high-end processing
Requirement of the manufacture to materials'use performance and lifetime stability.Tool steel is prepared using powder metallurgical technique and solves alloying element
The problem of segregation, prepares alloy structure fine uniform, and comparing casting wrought alloy performance has and significantly lifted, but asking of existing
Topic is powder metallurgical technique complexity, long flow path, brings the raising of cost, limits widely using for powder metallurgy tool steel.
Under this kind of background, in recent years tool steel is prepared using spray deposition processing and be developed, the technological principle of reaction-injection moulding is lazy
Property gas such as nitrogen, argon protective atmosphere under, motlten metal is broken into into tiny metal drop using gases at high pressure, be atomized
Molten drop is cooled to half curdled appearance in flight course, subsequently clashes into deposition receptor surface, deposits, and progressively long great achievement is big
Nugget category deposit preform, forging rolling processing subsequently can be carried out to deposit preform and obtains required form material.Prepared using spray deposition processing
Tool steel it has been reported that but due to the proportioning of its material composition it is not reasonable, the tool steel of generation its carbide tissue not enough reason
Think, its performance is not excellent enough.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of reaction-injection moulding with excellent properties is wear-resisting
Anti-corrosion tool steel.
For achieving the above object, its chemical constituent of reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of the invention is by mass percentage
Including：C：2.0%-2.5%, W：0.1%-1.0%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr：18.3%-22.0%, V：3.5%-5.8%, Nb：0.2%-
1.9%, Co：0.15%-0.5%, Si：≤ 1.0%, Mn：0.2%-1.0%, N：0.05%-0.5%, balance of ferrum and impurity；The spray
The carbide for penetrating shaping wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel consists of MC carbides and M7C3Carbide, the type of wherein MC carbides is（V、
Nb）（C、N）.
The present invention by the design of alloying component, promote tool steel under spray deposition processing the forming core of carbide with it is thin
Change, so as to improve the anti-wear performance and toughness of tool steel.
C element part is solid-solution in matrix, improves matrix strength, meanwhile, C element is one of component of carbide, is contained
Amount can not be less than 2.0%, and to ensure that alloying element can fully participate in Carbide Precipitation, the maximum level of C is less than 2.5%, keeps away
Exempt from excessive C and be solid-solution in matrix to cause toughness to decline, in the range of C content 2.0%-2.5%, be obtained in that maximum abrasive resistance can be with
And the cooperation of obdurability.
W, Mo are solid-solution in matrix, improve matrix quenching degree, and W content scope of the present invention is 0.1%-1.0%, the content model of Mo
It is Mo≤1.8% to enclose.
On the one hand Cr is solid-solution in matrix, improves corrosion resisting property and quenching degree, and another aspect Cr is with M7C3Carbide form is analysed
Go out, it is contemplated that Cr is solid-solution in matrix and the balance to exist between carbide form precipitation, the Cr contents of the present invention are
18.3%-22.0%。
V is primarily used to form MC type carbides, improves the anti-wear performance of tool steel.V content span of control is 3.5%-
5.8%。
The effect of Nb is similar with V, and participation forms MC carbides, and inventive article steel Nb is solid-solution in MC carbides, improves MC
Number of nuclei during Carbide Precipitation, promotes MC Carbide Precipitations and refinement, improves anti-wear performance；Nb additions upper content limit exists
In the MC Carbide Precipitations for avoiding rich Nb；It is 0.2%-1.9% that the present invention controls the content range of Nb.
Co is mainly solid-solution in matrix, promotes the Carbide Precipitation, refined carbides granularity, the scope of Co contents of the present invention to be
0.15%-0.5%。
Si is not involved in carbide and is formed, and usually uses as a kind of deoxidizer and matrix strengthening unit, and Si can excessively make matrix
Toughness decline, therefore Si content ranges are defined to Si≤1.0%.
Mn is added as deoxidizer, can be consolidated sulfur and be reduced red brittleness, and in addition manganese increases quenching degree, Mn content ranges of the present invention
For 0.2%-1.0%.
N participates in forming MC carbides, and under condition of fast cooling, N promotes MC carbides forming core to separate out, while being not result in MC
Carbide is too grown up, and is conducive to improving anti-wear performance, and N promotes the corrosion resisting property of steel to improve simultaneously, limit N content scope as
0.05%-0.5%。
The alloying elements such as inventive article steel V, Nb, C, N form MC carbides（V、Nb）（C、N）, molten steel is in spray
Under the conditions of penetrating the quick cooled and solidified of forming technology, the Nb and N of addition participate in MC carbides and are formed, improve carbide nucleation rate and
Refinement MC carbide particles, improve instrument steel toughness.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the impurity includes O, O≤0.01%.
O is too high to cause instrument steel toughness to decline, present invention control O content≤0.01%, to guarantee the premium properties of steel.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, its chemical constituent includes by mass percentage：C：2.0%-2.4%, W：0.1%-
0.8%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr：18.3%-21.0%, V：3.8%-5.8%, Nb：0.5%-1.8%, Co：0.18%-0.4%, Si：≤
0.8%, Mn：0.2%-0.8%, N：0.05%-0.4%, O≤0.008%, balance of ferrum and impurity.
In order to reach more preferable combination property, each chemical constituent in reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of the present invention should be controlled
System is within claimed range.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the impurity includes S, S≤0.1%.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the impurity includes P, P≤0.03%.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the volume fraction of the MC carbides is 3%-8%.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the MC carbides at least 80Vol% MC carbide sizes are 1-6 μm, maximum
MC carbide sizes are less than 10 μm.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3Carbide is richness Cr carbides.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3The volume fraction of carbide is 18%-25%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3Carbide at least 80Vol% M7C3Carbide size is 3-25 μm,
Maximum M7C3Carbide size is less than 45 μm.
The reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of the present invention, can adopt and prepare with the following method, comprise the following steps：
A, prepare tool steel molten steel by above-mentioned chemical composition requirement and be transferred to ladle；
The covering slag that b, electrified regulation molten steel ladle upper surface are covered, maintains the degree of superheat of molten steel；It is logical in ladle bottom
Enter noble gases to be stirred molten steel；
C, molten steel is flowed into into pre-warmed tundish by the mozzle of ladle bottom with regime flow, in treating that molten steel is entered
Between embedding covering slag is applied to molten steel upper surface when not having a mozzle lower surface；
D, continued compensation heating is carried out to tundish, maintain the degree of superheat of molten steel；
E, molten steel from tundish into jet deposition room after carry out spray deposition using noble gases, in stabilization of export pressure
Under complete jet deposition and obtain jet deposition ingot；Models of Spray Deposition maintenance molten steel temperature is stable, molten steel flow is stable, and injection is heavy
Product take-up reel slowly declines horizontal rotation simultaneously, and jet deposition take-up reel decrease speed keeps one with the jet deposition ingot speed of growth
Cause jet deposition ingot upper surface constant height；Control gas inlet, go out throughput, the noble gases for keeping jet deposition room are protected
Shield property atmosphere；
F, jet deposition ingot is transferred to protective atmosphere stove is annealed or be directly transferred to hot forging process procedure.
Protected using whole process in spray deposition processing process, to control oxygen content and carbide morphology, optimization tool steel
Performance.The covering slag of ladle possesses isolation air and conductive heater function；Ladle bottom is passed through noble gases by air-vent,
Make diverse location molten steel temperature in ladle balanced, while accelerating harmful floating being mingled with to remove；The side of mozzle one of ladle bottom
Guide functions are played in the face of molten steel, molten steel circulation process turbulent flow are reduced and is produced, it is to avoid slag or reduction are mingled with and enter into next link,
On the other hand contact of the molten steel directly with air is avoided, prevents molten steel oxygen content from rising；During the covering slag of tundish prevents from flowing through
Between the molten steel that wraps directly and air contact, reduce the rising of molten steel oxygen content；Molten steel is preheated into before tundish to tundish,
Molten steel is prevented into local coagulation during tundish or causes second mutually to separate out in advance；In Models of Spray Deposition control gas inlet and
Go out throughput, keep the protective atmosphere of jet deposition room noble gases, jet deposition ingot is played a protective role.
In sum, using technical scheme, the reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel MC carbon compounds of acquisition
Type is（V、Nb）（C、N）, the Nb and N of addition participate in MC carbides and are formed, improve carbide nucleation rate and refine MC carbides
Grain, improves instrument steel toughness.Due to the specific alloy components containing composition and the preparation technology of reaction-injection moulding of inventive article steel,
Make the carbide content to be formed high and granule is tiny, be evenly distributed, beneficial to obtaining high toughness and grindability energy.Work of the present invention
Tool steel possesses excellent combination property, especially possesses high anti-wear performance and corrosion resisting property, HRC60 is obtained in that after heat treatment with
Upper hardness, is adapted to used with abrasion and corrosive conditions occasion.Inventive article steel is prepared using spray deposition processing, alloy
It is low that preparation cost compares powder metallurgical technique, advantageously reduces alloy holistic cost.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is related to one group of reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel, and its chemical constituent is as shown in table 1.1：
The chemical constituent table of the reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of 1.1 embodiment of table one
Using following preparation process：
A, inventive article steel molten steel is fitted in reaction-injection moulding melting ladle, molten steel Weight Loaded is 3.5 tons；
B, the covering slag electrified regulation covered to molten steel ladle upper surface using graphite electrode, ladle bottom air-vent is led to
Enter molten steel in argon stirring ladle, superheat of liquid steel opens molten steel mozzle when reaching 100 DEG C -180 DEG C；
C, the tundish that molten steel is preheated to 800 DEG C -1200 DEG C by the mozzle inflow of ladle bottom, control water conservancy diversion
Tube inlet size, makes molten steel flow be 100 kg/min -200 kg/min, and molten steel buries molten steel mozzle into after tundish
Apply covering slag during lower surface；
D, Models of Spray Deposition make superheat of liquid steel maintain 100 DEG C -180 DEG C the continuous compensation heating of middle holding；
E, molten steel leak eye and enter jet deposition room by tundish bottom opening, gas injection valve are opened, using nitrogen
Spray deposition is carried out as gas medium, nitrogen gas purity >=99.999%, oxygen content≤2ppm, gas nozzle outlet pressure is
1.0MPa-1.5MPa；Molten steel stream is fractured into half solidification molten drop under noble gases jet-action, is formed with gas mixing therewith
Atomizer (atomizing) cone, molten drop flies to the captured formation of deposits of jet deposition take-up reel and deposits ingot；Models of Spray Deposition maintains molten steel temperature
Stable, molten steel flow is stable, and jet deposition take-up reel slowly declines and horizontally rotates simultaneously, jet deposition take-up reel decrease speed with
The jet deposition ingot speed of growth is consistent makes jet deposition ingot upper surface constant height；Before and after jet deposition starts, injection is heavy
Product chamber interior keeps protectiveness nitrogen atmosphere, deposition process to control gas inlet and go out throughput, keeps jet deposition room inertia
Gas atmosphere；
3 tons of single ＞ is obtained after the completion of f, jet deposition, size is Φ 550mm ingots, and jet deposition ingot is transferred to into nitrogen
Furnace cooling after gas atmosphere protection anneal.
The reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of the embodiment 1.1 ~ 1.4 for obtaining is made into again the bar of Φ 50mm.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is related to the carbide content and granularity, heat treatment of the reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of embodiment one
Hardness, anti-wear performance, the checking of corrosion resisting property, wherein carbide content and granularity obtain organization chart picture and carry out based on scanning electron microscope
Analysis, heat treatment hardness, anti-wear performance are tested respectively with reference to GB/T 230.1, GB/T 12444-2006, corrosion resisting property
Using 5%HNO3+ 1%HCl corrosive solutions soaking at room temperature is tested.
The reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of embodiment 1.1,1.2 is forged into tool steel with the casting of purchase（Alloy A）And powder
Last metallurgical tool steel（Alloy B）It is analyzed, its result is as follows：
The embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.1 and alloy A, B are into being grouped into contrast
N.A is represented and not analyzed in upper table.
The embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.2 is contrasted with the carbide content and granularity of alloy A, B
Carbide size is the size of at least 80Vol% carbides in upper table.
The carbide of inventive article steel is analyzed, carbide consists of MC carbides and M7C3Carbide, wherein MC
Carbide is（V、Nb）（C、N）, main component consists of the alloying element such as V, Nb, C, N and a small amount of Fe, Cr, M7C3Carbonization
Thing is richness Cr type carbides.By table 2.2 as can be seen that inventive article steel major part MC carbide sizes are 1-6 μm, maximum MC
Carbide size is less than 10 μm, and because MC carbides have high hardness, MC carbide particles are tiny for inventive article
It can be necessary that steel possesses good grindability, while being conducive to toughness to improve.The volume fraction of MC carbides is 3%-8%,
Inventive article steel is set to possess excellent wear-resisting property.M in inventive article steel7C3Carbide volume fraction reaches 18%-25%, greatly
Part M7C3Carbide size is 3-25 μm, maximum M7C3Carbide size is less than 45 μm.M in inventive article steel7C3Carbonization
It is bigger than normal that thing compares MC carbides, M in comparative alloy A7C3Carbide size, inventive article steel carbide is still in relatively narrower
Scope.Alloy B is prepared using powder metallurgical technique, and Carbide size is very tiny, and most of MC carbides are 0.5-1.5 μm,
MC carbide volume fractions are 3%-6%.
Heat treatment hardness, anti-wear performance contrast of the embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.3 with alloy A, B
By table 2.3 as can be seen that through suitable heat treatment, inventive article steel hardness reaches more than HRC60, Neng Gouman
The application demand of sufficient inventive article steel, anti-wear performance comparing result shows that inventive article steel has best wearability
Energy.
Using 5%HNO3+ 1%HCl solution carries out at ambient temperature immersion corrosion to inventive article steel, high from having
The alloy A of Cr alloys composition is contrasted as corrosion resisting property, and both corrosion resisting property comparing results are as shown in table 2.4.
The embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.4 is contrasted with the corrosion resisting property of alloy A
Inventive article steel can be seen that by the correction data of table 2.4 and show more excellent corrosion resisting property.Need explanation
, according to different application scenarios to anti-wear performance and the demand of corrosion resisting property, suitable heat treating regime, i.e. phase should be selected
Under with quenching condition, during using relatively low tempering system, more Cr element solid solutions are obtained in that compared with high corrosion resistance in matrix,
During using higher tempering system, more Cr alloying elements will reduce wearability simultaneously with carbide form precipitation, corrosion resisting property
To can raise, in general, in the range of a wide heat treatment, inventive article steel can be provided simultaneously with it is excellent wear-resisting and
Corrosion resisting property, so as to meet the application with abrasion and corrosive conditions occasion.
In sum, reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel of the present invention possesses excellent combination property, especially possesses height
Anti-wear performance be provided simultaneously with high corrosion resisting property, based on such a performance characteristics, inventive article steel be adapted to mill
Undermine corrosive conditions occasion to use.Due to the specified chemical composition of inventive article steel and using spray deposition processing system
Standby, in the case where carbide content is higher, carbide particle is maintained to tiny and is evenly distributed, and is conducive to obtaining high
Toughness and grindability energy, more than HRC60 hardness is obtained in that after heat treatment, disclosure satisfy that different types of application demand,
Of many uses, such as screw rod, screw sleeve, screw rod head, retaining ring squeeze plastics machinery parts, food processing, medical operating device
Tool, industrial shear-blade, wear-and corrosion-resistant parts etc..Inventive article steel is prepared using spray deposition processing, and alloy is prepared into
Originally compare powder metallurgical technique low, advantageously reduce alloy holistic cost.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel, it is characterised in that its chemical constituent includes by mass percentage：C：
2.0%-2.5%, W：0.1%-1.0%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr：18.3%-22.0%, V：3.5%-5.8%, Nb：0.2%-1.9%, Co：
0.15%-0.5%, Si：≤ 1.0%, Mn：0.2%-1.0%, N：0.05%-0.5%, balance of ferrum and impurity；The reaction-injection moulding is resistance to
The carbide for grinding anti-corrosion tool steel consists of MC carbides and M7C3Carbide, the type of wherein MC carbides is（V、Nb）（C、
N）.
2. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impurity include O, O≤
0.01%。
3. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that its chemical constituent presses quality hundred
Divide includes than meter：C：2.0%-2.4%, W：0.1%-0.8%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr：18.3%-21.0%, V：3.8%-5.8%, Nb：
0.5%-1.8%, Co：0.18%-0.4%, Si：≤ 0.8%, Mn：0.2%-0.8%, N：0.05%-0.4%, O≤0.008%, it is balance of
Ferrum and impurity.
4. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impurity include S, S≤
0.1%。
5. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impurity include P, P≤
0.03%。
6. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The volume of the MC carbides
Fraction is 3%-8%.
7. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The MC carbides are at least
80Vol%MC carbide sizes are 1-6 μm, and maximum MC carbide sizes are less than 10 μm.
8. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The M7C3Carbide is richness
Cr carbides.
9. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The M7C3The body of carbide
Fraction is 18%-25%.
10. reaction-injection moulding wear-and corrosion-resistant tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The M7C3Carbide is at least
80Vol% M7C3Carbide size is 3-25 μm, maximum M7C3Carbide size is less than 45 μm.
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| CN107326272A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-11-07 | 苏州铭晟通物资有限公司 | A kind of steel |
| CN112760557B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-10-29 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | High-carbon high-chromium stainless steel for knives and scissors and preparation method thereof |
| CN116837271B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-07-12 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Spray formed wear resistant dual strengthening phase precipitation hardening high speed steel |
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| US6162275A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-12-19 | Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag | Steel and a heat treated tool thereof manufactured by an integrated powder metalurgical process and use of the steel for tools |
| CN1382825A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-12-04 | 博哈里尔特种钢有限公司 | Tool steel alloy for preparing powder metallurgy parts |
| CN101248204A (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2008-08-20 | 尤迪霍尔姆工具公司 | Steel alloy and tools or components manufactured out of the steel alloy |
| CN104004955A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-27 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature jet steel |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6162275A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-12-19 | Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag | Steel and a heat treated tool thereof manufactured by an integrated powder metalurgical process and use of the steel for tools |
| CN1382825A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-12-04 | 博哈里尔特种钢有限公司 | Tool steel alloy for preparing powder metallurgy parts |
| CN101248204A (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2008-08-20 | 尤迪霍尔姆工具公司 | Steel alloy and tools or components manufactured out of the steel alloy |
| CN104004955A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-27 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature jet steel |
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