CN104889400B - Powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104889400B CN104889400B CN201510247970.6A CN201510247970A CN104889400B CN 104889400 B CN104889400 B CN 104889400B CN 201510247970 A CN201510247970 A CN 201510247970A CN 104889400 B CN104889400 B CN 104889400B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing, tube wall is made up of outer layer alloys and inner alloy, it is characterised in that:The outer layer alloys are carbon steel or stainless steel, and inner alloy is made after the metal dust densification of powder metallurgy, and its metal dust chemistry component includes by mass percentage:C:2.36% 3.30%, W:0.1% 1.0%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr:12.6% 18.0%, V:6.0% 12.5%, Nb:0.5% 2.1%, Co:0.1% 0.5%, Si:≤ 1.0%, Mn:0.2% 1.0%, N:0.05% 0.35%, surplus is iron and impurity.The powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of acquisition, had both realized the requirement to wear-resistant decay resistance when tubing is used, production cost is greatly reduced again, the competitiveness of product in market is improved, is widely used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mould steel class alloy pipe, more particularly to a kind of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy pipe
Material.
Background technology
Under the conditions of some special operation conditions, plastic mould or component of machine surface are subject not only to moving component or work Jie
The directly contact of hard abrasive grains causes abrasion in matter, is also subject to the corrosiveness of moist, sour or other corrosive agent, is such as molded into
The parts such as screw rod, machine barrel in shape machinery, on the one hand due to adding a large amount of hard particles in plastics, such as glass fibre, carbon are fine
Dimension etc., causes these parts wears to aggravate, and corrosive elements produce chemical attack to parts in another aspect plastics.In order to
Make possess long service life applied to the parts of these special operation conditions, use plastic mould steel surface to have high
Anti-wear performance and corrosion resisting property, in addition to bearing working stress loading and impacting, plastic die steel need to possess certain hardness
And toughness.
Current mould steel is mainly prepared using traditional cast forging process, and mould steel is prepared by technique mistake using cast forging process
Segregation easily occurs in process of setting for the limitation of journey molten steel Slow cooling Solidification Characteristics, alloying component, forms thick carbonization
Thing tissue, even across the processing of follow-up forging rolling, this harmful structure still can bring harmful effect to alloy property, cause casting to be forged
Include intensity, toughness, anti-wear performance, grindability energy etc. on mould Steel Properties and be in relatively low level.Using powder metallurgical technique
The problem of mould steel solves segregation is prepared, alloy structure fine uniform is prepared, compared to casting wrought alloy performance
Have and significantly lifted, but powder prepares with high costs, brings the raising of alloy holistic cost, how to reduce powder metallurgy die
The cost of steel is the problem of needing to solve.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of inexpensive powder metallurgy wear-and corrosion-resistant conjunction
Golden tubing.
To achieve the above object, powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of the invention, tube wall is by outer layer alloys and internal layer
Alloy is constituted, and the outer layer alloys are carbon steel or stainless steel, and inner alloy is made after the metal dust densification of powder metallurgy
, metal dust chemistry component includes by mass percentage:C:2.36%-3.30%, W:0.1%-1.0%, Mo:≤ 1.8%,
Cr:12.6%-18.0%, V:6.0%-12.5%, Nb:0.5%-2.1%, Co:0.1%-0.5%, Si:≤ 1.0%, Mn:0.2%-1.0%,
N:0.05%-0.35%, surplus is iron and impurity.
Outer layer alloys provide inner alloy mechanical support in the present invention, and the component design of inner alloy metal dust is real
The key of existing wear and corrosion behavior.
C element part is solid-solution in matrix, improves matrix strength, C element is simultaneously one of component of carbide, C's
Content is not less than 2.36%, and to ensure that alloying element can fully participate in Carbide Precipitation, C maximum level is no more than 3.30%,
Avoiding excessive C from being solid-solution in matrix causes toughness to decline;It is in the range of 2.36%-3.30%, to result in maximum in above-mentioned C content
The cooperation of anti-wear performance and obdurability.
W, Mo are solid-solution in matrix, improve matrix quenching degree, inner alloy W content scope of the present invention is 0.1%-1.0%, Mo
Content range be Mo≤1.8%.
On the one hand Cr is solid-solution in matrix, improves corrosion resisting property and quenching degree, another aspect Cr is with M7C3Carbide form is analysed
Go out, it is contemplated that Cr be solid-solution in matrix and with carbide form separate out between the balance that exists, limit Cr contents as 12.6%-
18.0%。
V is primarily used to form MC type carbide, improves anti-wear performance, and V content control range is 6.0%-12.5%.
Nb effect is similar with V, and participation forms MC carbide, and inner alloy Nb of the present invention is solid-solution in MC carbide, improves
Number of nuclei during MC Carbide Precipitations, promotes MC Carbide Precipitations and refinement, improves anti-wear performance;Nb additions upper content limit exists
In the MC Carbide Precipitations for avoiding rich Nb;Therefore Nb content range is 0.5%-2.1%.
Co is mainly solid-solution in matrix, promotes heat treatment process Carbide Precipitation, and the scope of Co contents is defined to 0.1%-
0.5%。
Si is not involved in carbide and formed, and is usually used as a kind of deoxidier and matrix strengthening member, Si can excessively make matrix
Toughness decline, limit Si content ranges be Si≤1.0%.
Mn is added as deoxidier, it is possible to which Gu sulphur reduces red brittleness, Mn increases quenching degree in addition, and Mn content ranges are
0.2%-1.0%。
N participates in being formed under MC carbide, condition of fast cooling, and N promotes MC carbide forming core to separate out, while will not cause MC
Carbide is too grown up, and is conducive to improving anti-wear performance, N can also promote the corrosion resisting property of steel;N additions upper content limit is to avoid
MC carbide with high stability richness N is crossing high temperature precipitation, causes Carbide Coarsening;Inner alloy N content scope of the present invention
It is 0.05%-0.35%.
The element such as V, Nb, C, N formation MC carbides are in inner alloy(V、Nb)(C、N), in powder metallurgical technique
Under the conditions of the quick cooled and solidified of molten steel, the Nb and N of addition participate in MC carbide and formed, and improve carbide nucleation rate and refinement MC carbon
Compound particle, improves toughness.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, impurity includes O in the chemical constituent of the inner alloy metal dust, and O≤
0.01%。
O is too high to cause toughness to decline, and it is≤0.01% that O content scope is controlled in the present invention.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the chemical constituent of the inner alloy metal dust is wrapped by mass percentage
Include:C:2.40%-3.18%, W:0.1%-0.8%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr:13.0%-18.0%, V:6.2%-12.5%, Nb:1.0%-
2.0%, Co:0.1%-0.4%, Si:≤ 0.8%, Mn:0.2%-0.8%, N:0.05%-0.30%, O≤0.008%, surplus is iron and miscellaneous
Matter.
In order to reach more preferable combination property, its inner alloy metal of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of the invention
Each chemical constituent of powder should be controlled within claimed range.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the carbide composition of the inner alloy is MC carbide and M7C3Carbide.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the type of the MC carbide is(V、Nb)(C、N).
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the volume fraction of the MC carbide is 12% ~ 20%, at least 80Vol%MC carbonizations
Thing size≤1.3 μm, maximum MC carbide sizes are no more than 5 μm.
It is used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3Carbide is richness Cr carbide.
It is used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3The volume fraction of carbide is 12% ~ 19%, at least 80Vol%MC carbon
Compound size≤5 μm, maximum MC carbide sizes are no more than 10 μm.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, impurity also includes S, P in the chemical constituent of the inner alloy, and wherein S≤
0.1% and P≤0.03%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the outer layer alloys thickness is 10 ~ 300mm, inner alloy thickness is 5 ~
300mm。
The powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of the present invention is by metal dust and carbon steel with above-mentioned chemical constituent
Or stainless steel pipe inwall is suppressed by high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) and combined, double-layer alloy structure that is completely fine and close and combining closely, system are formed
Preparation Method comprises the following steps:
1) configuration molten steel is required according to the chemical constituent of above-mentioned inner alloy metal dust, is prepared using powder metallurgical technique
Metal dust;
2) metal dust is packed into the hollow cylindrical high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket of one end open, jacket outer layer is 10 ~ 300mm
The carbon steel or stainless steel alloy of thickness, jacket internal layer and bottom are the thick mild steel of 1.5mm-3mm, powder packing in thickness be 5 ~
350mm intermediate gaps and jolt ramming;
3) jacket is carried out vacuumizing degassing, soldering and sealing processing then is carried out to jacket end;
4) jacket progress hip treatment is made into the completely fine and close consolidation of powder, furnace cooling in jacket;
5) endosexine high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket is removed in turning, and the powder metallurgy for obtaining different performance using different heat treatment is wear-resisting
Corrosion resistant alloy tubing, used heat treatment includes annealing, quenching and is tempered.
In summary, using technical scheme, the powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of acquisition, it is interior laminated
Gold utensil has excellent anti-wear performance and decay resistance, and outer layer alloys are internally laminated using cheap carbon steel or stainless steel
Gold provides mechanical support, and inside and outside double-layer alloy is suppressed by high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and its structure is completely fine and close and combines closely, and both meets
To the requirement of anti-wear performance, decay resistance when tubing is used, production cost is greatly reduced again, and the market for improving product is competing
Power is striven, is widely used.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment to the present invention further describe in detail:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing cross section of the present invention;
In figure:1st, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket;2nd, inner alloy;3rd, outer layer alloys;D1:Outer layer alloys external diameter;D2:Outer layer alloys
Internal diameter;D3:Jacket internal layer diameter.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket 1 is the hollow cylindrical of one end open, jacket internal layer and bottom are 1.5mm-
3mm thickness mild steel, the internal diameter of jacket internal layer diameter D3 formation alloy pipes;Outer layer alloys 3 are thickness 10mm-300mm annulus
Shape carbon steel or stainless steel alloy, the external diameter of the formation alloy pipe of outer layer alloys outer diameter D 1;Jacket internal layer is formed with outer layer alloys 3
Thickness 5mm-350mm annular spaces be used for filling metal powder, suppress to form inner alloy 2 by high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), it is outer laminated
The external diameter of golden internal diameter D2 formation inner alloy.
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is related to one group of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing, and it is constituted as shown in table 1.1:
The chemical constituent table of the powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of 1.1 embodiment of table one
N.A represents not analyze in upper table.
Using following preparation process:
1) molten steel is configured as requested, metal dust is prepared using powder metallurgical technique, and powder metallurgical technique step is as follows:
A, molten steel loaded to ladle, molten steel Weight Loaded is 1.5-8 tons;
Molten steel upper surface covers ladle covering slag in b, ladle, and ladle covering slag possesses isolation air and conductive heater work(
Can, to covering slag electrified regulation during powder by atomization, it is 100 DEG C -150 DEG C to maintain superheat of liquid steel;Ladle bottom passes through saturating
Stomata is passed through inert gas such as argon gas or nitrogen etc. and molten steel is stirred, and makes diverse location molten steel temperature in ladle balanced, together
When accelerate harmful floating that is mingled with to remove;
C, molten steel enter tundish by ladle bottom mozzle, and on the one hand mozzle plays guide functions to molten steel, subtract
Few molten steel circulation process produces turbulent flow, it is to avoid slag and prevent from being mingled with into next link, another aspect water conservancy diversion protection of pipe molten steel
Stream avoids exposure to air, prevents molten steel oxygen content from rising;Ladle molten steel temperature opens molten steel mozzle, molten steel when reaching requirement
Into tundish, by controlling molten steel water conservancy diversion tube inlet size to control molten steel flow, suitable molten steel flow scope is 10 kg/
min -50 kg/min;Molten steel applies middle Baogang to tundish molten steel upper surface when burying mozzle lower surface into tundish
Liquid protective agent, tundish molten steel protective agent prevents from flowing through the molten steel of tundish directly and air contact, reduces molten steel oxygen content
Rise;Molten steel is preheated to 800 DEG C -1200 DEG C to tundish before entering tundish, prevents molten steel from locally being coagulated when entering tundish
Tie or cause second mutually to separate out in advance, continued compensation heating is carried out to tundish during powder by atomization, maintain superheat of liquid steel
For 100 DEG C -150 DEG C;
It is nitrogen protective atmosphere inside spray chamber before d, atomization start, atomization gas selection is nitrogen, atomization gas pressure
Power is 1.0MPa-5.0MPa, gas purity >=99.999%, oxygen content≤2ppm;Atomization start when superheat of liquid steel be 100 DEG C-
150℃;Molten steel leaks eye by tundish bottom opening and enters powder by atomization room, opens atomizing gas nozzle valve, gas selection
For inert gas, such as argon gas or nitrogen, molten steel stream is fractured into drop under inert gas percussion, while being quickly cooled to
Metal dust, flight is settled down to spray chamber bottom;
E, metal dust enter storage powder tank body by spray chamber bottom, and storage powder tank body has atmosphere protection and forced cooling
Refrigerating function, metal dust is cooled to room temperature to powder by atomization in powder tank body to be stored up after terminating, by protecting screening plant to powder
Sieved;Protection screening plant inside cavity is connected with malleation inert protective gas, and protection is played to metal dust screening process
Effect prevents metal dust from waving simultaneously;Metal dust enters storage powder tank body saving after screening, and metal dust enters storage powder tank body
It is front and rear, it is malleation inert gas shielding atmosphere inside storage powder tank;
2) by metal dust is packed into the hollow cylindrical high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket of one end open, bag in storage powder tank body after screening
Carbon steel or stainless steel alloy that outer layer is 10 ~ 300mm thickness are covered, jacket internal layer and bottom are the thick mild steel of 1.5mm-3mm, powder
End is loaded on the intermediate gaps that thickness is 5 ~ 350mm;Air first is excluded to being passed through inert gas in jacket before dress powder, it is then closed
Jacket and storage powder tank body are connected, by powder packing to jacket, jacket dress powder implementation Process vibration operation, increase powder packing is close
Degree;
3) jacket is carried out after the completion of powder packing vacuumizing degassing process, vacuum jacket heating and thermal insulation is 200
DEG C -600 DEG C, jacket, which deaerates to 0.01Pa, continues heating and thermal insulation >=2h, then carries out soldering and sealing processing to jacket end;
4) jacket is subjected to hip treatment, 1050 DEG C -1200 DEG C of hip temperature is protected under >=100MPa pressure
Hold the time >=1h after the completely fine and close consolidation of powder, furnace cooling in jacket;
5) endosexine high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket is removed in turning, and the powder metallurgy for obtaining different performance using different heat treatment is wear-resisting
Corrosion resistant alloy tubing, used heat treatment includes annealing, quenching and is tempered.
Obtain embodiment 1.1-1.4 powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is related to the carbide content and granularity, Re Chu of the powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of embodiment one
Hardness, anti-wear performance, the checking of corrosion resisting property are managed, wherein carbide content and granularity is entered based on ESEM acquisition organization chart picture
Row analysis, heat treatment hardness, anti-wear performance are tested with reference to GB/T 230.1, GB/T 12444-2006 respectively, corrosion resistance
5%HNO can be used3+ 1%HCl corrosive solutions soaking at room temperature is tested.
It is prepared by the powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy Inner tubing layers alloy of embodiment 1.1,1.2 and the cast forging process of purchase
Steel(Alloy A)Steel is prepared with powder metallurgical technique(Alloy B)It is analyzed, its result is as follows:
The embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.1 and alloy A, B composition composition are contrasted
N.A represents not analyze in upper table.
The inner alloy of the embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.2 and alloy A, B carbide content and granularity are contrasted
Carbide size is the size of at least 80Vol% carbide in upper table.
The carbide of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy Inner tubing layers alloy of the present invention is analyzed, carbide composition is
MC carbide and M7C3Carbide, wherein MC carbides are(V、Nb)(C、N), main component composition for V, Nb, C, N and
The alloying elements such as a small amount of Fe, Cr.M7C3Carbide is richness Cr type carbide.
The MC carbon in the carbide of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy Inner tubing layers alloy of the present invention it can be seen from table 2.2
Compound is very tiny, at least 80Vol%MC carbide size≤1.3 μm, further measurement statistics MC carbide sizes, maximum MC
Carbide is no more than 5 μm, and because MC carbide has high hardness, MC carbide particles are tiny in alloy pipe of the present invention
Laminated gold utensil can be necessary for excellent grindability, while being conducive to toughness to improve.The volume fraction of MC carbide is 12%-
20%, alloy pipe inner alloy of the present invention is possessed excellent wear-resisting property;M7C3Carbide reaches 12%-19%, at least 80Vol%
M7C3Carbide size≤5 μm, maximum M7C3Carbide size is no more than 10 μm, M7C3Carbide size is inclined compared to MC carbide
Greatly, but still tiny M in alloy A is prepared in cast forging process7C3Carbide size, comparative alloy B uses powder metallurgical technique system
Standby, Carbide size is very tiny, and most of MC carbide is 0.5-1.5 μm, and MC carbide volume fractions are 3%-6%.
The inner alloy of the embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.3 and alloy A, B heat treatment hardness, anti-wear performance are contrasted
By suitable heat treatment it can be seen from table 2.3, powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy Inner tubing layers of the present invention are closed
Golden watch surface hardness reaches more than HRC60, disclosure satisfy that the application field demand of plastic die steel, and anti-wear performance comparing result shows
Powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy Inner tubing layers alloy of the present invention has best anti-wear performance.
Using 5%HNO3+ 1%HCl solution is at ambient temperature to powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy Inner tubing layers of the present invention
Alloy carries out immersion corrosion, is contrasted from the alloy A that high Cr-containing alloy is constituted as corrosion resisting property, the contrast of both corrosion resisting properties
As a result as shown in table 2.4.
The inner alloy of the embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table 2.4 and alloy A corrosion resisting property are contrasted
The inner alloy of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of the present invention shows excellent it can be seen from table 2.4
Corrosion resisting property.
It should be noted that according to different application scenarios to anti-wear performance and the demand of corrosion resisting property, should select suitable
Heat treating regime, i.e., under identical quenching condition, during using relatively low tempering system, more Cr element solid solutions, can in matrix
Obtain compared with high corrosion resistance, during using higher tempering system, more Cr alloying elements are separated out with carbide form, corrosion resisting property
Anti-wear performance simultaneously, which will be reduced, to be raised, and in general, in the range of a wide heat treatment, plastic die steel of the present invention can
Excellent wear-resisting and corrosion resisting property is provided simultaneously with, so as to meet the application with abrasion and corrosive conditions occasion.
In summary, powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of the present invention possess high anti-wear performance be provided simultaneously with it is high resistance to
Corrosion energy, it is adaptable to plastic die steel, can be applied to injection machine machine barrel, food processing and other inner surface requirement wear-and corrosion-resistants
Hollow tubular parts.Because powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing of the present invention is using unique alloy structure, using honest and clean
Prepared by the expensive metal dust of the carbon steel or stainless steel pipe part fictitious hosts of valency, save expensive alloying elements
Use, both met the requirement to anti-wear performance, decay resistance when tubing is used, production cost is greatly reduced again, makes production
The product market competitiveness gets a promotion.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing, tube wall is made up of outer layer alloys and inner alloy, it is characterised in that:Institute
Outer layer alloys are stated for carbon steel or stainless steel, inner alloy is made after the metal dust densification of powder metallurgy, its metal powder
Last chemical constituent includes by mass percentage:C:2.36%-3.30%, W:0.1%-1.0%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr:
12.6%-18.0%, V:6.0%-12.5%, Nb:0.5%-2.1%, Co:0.1%-0.5%, Si:≤ 1.0%, Mn:
0.2%-1.0%, N:0.05%-0.35%, surplus is iron and impurity;The carbide composition of the inner alloy is MC carbide
And M7C3Carbide, the type of MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N), and the volume fraction of MC carbide is 12%~20%, at least
80Vol%MC carbide size≤1.3 μm, maximum MC carbide sizes are no more than 5 μm, M7C3Carbide is richness Cr carbide.
2. powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The inner alloy metal
Impurity includes O, O≤0.01% in the chemical constituent of powder.
3. powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The inner alloy metal
The chemical constituent of powder includes by mass percentage:C:2.40%-3.18%, W:0.1%-0.8%, Mo:≤ 1.8%, Cr:
13.0%-18.0%, V:6.2%-12.5%, Nb:1.0%-2.0%, Co:0.1%-0.4%, Si:≤ 0.8%, Mn:
0.2%-0.8%, N:0.05%-0.30%, O≤0.008%, surplus is iron and impurity.
4. powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The M7C3 carbide
Volume fraction is 12%~19%, at least 80Vol%MC carbide size≤5 μm, and maximum MC carbide sizes are no more than 10 μm.
5. according to powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:It is described
Impurity also includes S, P, wherein S≤0.1% and P≤0.03% in the chemical constituent of inner alloy.
6. according to powder metallurgy antifriction anticorrosion alloy tubing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:It is described
Outer layer alloys thickness is 10~300mm, and inner alloy thickness is 5~300mm.
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