CN114395722A

CN114395722A - Composite alloy plate and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114395722A
Application number: CN202110301984.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李小明
Original assignee: Wuhan Juneng Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Juneng Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-22
Filing date: 2021-03-22
Publication date: 2022-04-26

Abstract

The invention provides a composite alloy plate and a preparation method thereof, the composite alloy plate comprises a middle layer alloy and a coating layer alloy which are stacked and sequentially and alternately arranged, and the middle layer alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: (C + N): 1.1% -5.0%, and C: 0.5% -3.5%; (V + Ti +0.5 Nb): 2% -16%, and Ti: 0.5% -12%; (Mo + 0.5W): 0.6% -7%, and Mo: 0.4% -5%; si: 0.01% -1.2%; mn: 0.2% -1.2%; cr: 12% -27%; co: less than or equal to 3 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities. The composite alloy plate has the advantages that the middle layer alloy with high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance is positioned at the edge part of a tool similar to a knife and scissors, the cutting edge is kept sharp for a long time, and meanwhile, the high-toughness coating layer alloy and the middle layer alloy are alternately laminated and compounded, so that the overall flexibility of the cutting edge can be improved, and the anti-cracking performance can be improved.

Description

Composite alloy plate and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a composite alloy plate. Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a preparation method of the composite alloy plate.

Background

When the alloy is applied to working conditions such as knives and scissors, in order to improve the sharpness retention and the crack resistance of the cutting edge position, a traditional and practical method is to adopt the alloys with different hardness degrees to carry out composite forging to manufacture a plate, for example, a Damascus knife originally produced in Syria adopts different layered metal lamination compounding to forge the Damascus sword which has the advantages of both sharp edge and flexibility, and the alloy is famous for the world.

The method is also based on the alloy composite technology thought, and is based on the modern high-efficiency plate rolling technology, a hot rolling process of a composite plate strip is developed, for example, in the patent document with the Chinese patent publication number of CN101767106, a hot rolling process of a stainless steel composite plate strip coil is introduced, the plate is manufactured by performing reciprocating multi-pass finish rolling and then cooling, the scheme can be used for manufacturing the plate with uniform thickness and the width of more than 1 meter, the specification range of the product can be greatly broken through by the traditional composite forging technology, however, the scheme needs to manufacture various types of alloys to be compounded into the plate in advance and then perform composite rolling, the process flow is long, the yield needs to be further improved, and particularly for the stainless steel with high alloy content, the comprehensive yield is not ideal after primary plate preparation and secondary composite rolling.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a composite alloy plate, so as to maintain good toughness while improving wear resistance.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a composite alloy plate comprises a coating layer alloy and an intermediate layer alloy which are stacked and alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the chemical composition of the intermediate layer alloy comprises (C + N): 1.1% -5.0%, and C: 0.5% -3.5%; (V + Ti +0.5 Nb): 2% -16%, and Ti: 0.5% -12%; (Mo + 0.5W): 0.6% -7%, and Mo: 0.4% -5%; si: 0.01% -1.2%; mn: 0.2% -1.2%; cr: 12% -27%; co: less than or equal to 3 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities.

Further, the chemical components of the interlayer alloy comprise the following components in percentage by mass: (C + N): 1.2 to 3.5 percent; and C: 0.5% -3.5%; (V + Ti +0.5 Nb): 3 to 12 percent; and Ti: 0.5% -6%; (Mo + 0.5W): 1 to 6.5 percent; and Mo: 0.4% -5%; si: 0.3% -0.8%; mn: 0.2% -0.6%; cr: 12% -24%; co: less than or equal to 3 percent.

Further, the composite alloy plate is characterized in that: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise N which is less than or equal to 3.5 percent by mass percent.

Further, the composite alloy plate is characterized in that: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise V which is less than or equal to 10 percent by mass.

Further, the composite alloy plate is characterized in that: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise Nb which is less than or equal to 4 percent by mass.

Further, the composite alloy plate is characterized in that: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise W which is less than or equal to 3 percent by mass.

Further, the coating layer alloy is a stainless steel plate or pipe, and the chemical composition of the coating layer alloy comprises at least 11% of Cr by mass percent.

Further, the coating alloy adopts any one of 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 304, 316, 410, 420 and 440 alloy.

Further, the monolayer thickness ratio of the interlayer alloy and the cladding alloy is 0.5-2.0.

Furthermore, the total number of the intermediate layer alloy and the coating layer alloy is 3-99 layers.

In the invention, the intermediate layer alloy adopts specific chemical components and proportion which are necessary conditions for realizing the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the intermediate layer alloy, and the actions and the principle of each chemical component are briefly described as follows:

part of C element is dissolved in the matrix in a solid solution mode, so that certain hardness can be obtained after heat treatment, in addition, the C element participates in the formation of various carbides, the C element and the N element have mutual replaceability, the key point for obtaining the wear resistance of the high-hardness carbide is to form the high-hardness carbide, in view of obtaining the optimal comprehensive mechanical property, the proper content range of C + N is 1.1% -5.0%, the preferable range is 1.2% -3.5%, and the proper content range of C is as follows: 0.5 to 3.5 percent, and the proper content range of N is less than or equal to 3.5 percent.

Si is used as a deoxidizer and a matrix-strengthening element, but too high Si causes an increase in brittleness of the matrix, and therefore, in the present invention, Si is suitably contained in the range of 0.01% to 1.2%, preferably in the range of 0.3% to 0.8%.

Mn is added as a deoxidizer to weaken the harmful effect of S, and proper Mn also increases hardenability, but too high Mn increases the risk of brittleness, so that in the present invention, Mn is suitably contained in the range of 0.2% to 1.2%, and preferably in the range of 0.2% to 0.6%.

Cr is mainly used to improve corrosion resistance, and in the present invention, a suitable content range of Cr is 12% to 27%, and a preferred range is 12% to 24%.

Mo and W are mainly used for improving hardenability and promoting the desired hardness after heat treatment, W can partially replace Mo alloy elements by the ratio of 2W, Mo +0.5W is a suitable content range of 0.6-7%, Mo is 0.4-5%, and W is less than or equal to 3%. The preferable range of Mo +0.5W is 1-6.5%, the range of Mo is 0.4-5%, and W is less than or equal to 3%.

Ti reacts with C or N to form a high-hardness Ti-rich MX compound, the micro-hardness of the compound reaches HV3000, and is obviously higher than other types of carbides and most hard particles which can cause abrasion, so that the function of better protecting a matrix can be realized under the condition of an abrasion working condition, and the abrasion resistance is improved. Based on the powder metallurgy process, the Ti-rich MX compound can be uniformly distributed in the whole matrix from outside to inside in the form of fine approximately spherical particles, and can stably play a role in the whole life cycle of a workpiece in the using process. Since too high Ti forms a large amount of high-melting point carbide, which causes the pulverization process to become unstable, the content of Ti in the present invention is suitably in the range of 0.5% to 12%, preferably in the range of 0.5% to 6%.

V reacts with C and N to form MX carbide, which can be replaced by Ti in whole or in part in principle, and the V content is as low as possible in consideration of cost performance. In the present invention, a suitable range of V content is 10% or less.

Nb is an optional element in the invention, the action is similar to V, and the suitable content range of Nb is less than or equal to 4 percent

Co is an optional element to improve the hardness in heat treatment, so that the proper content range of Co is less than or equal to 3 percent in the invention.

In addition to the above-mentioned chemical components, the balance being the Fe matrix, and of course some unavoidable residual trace elements including O, S, P, etc., a suitable range of O content is required to be 0.03% or less, a suitable range of S content is required to be 0.3% or less, and a suitable range of P content is required to be 0.05% or less, in order to prevent adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the alloy.

In addition, in the chemical composition of the present invention, the impurities may further include at least one of Zr, Mg, Al, Cu, Ni, Sn, and Pb, and the total amount of these impurities is not more than 1%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the composite alloy plate is prepared by compounding the metal powder of the intermediate layer alloy with high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance and the plate of the coating layer alloy with high toughness and high corrosion resistance.

According to the composite alloy plate, on one hand, the middle layer alloy with high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance is positioned at the edge part of a tool similar to a knife and scissors, so that the cutting edge is kept sharp for a long time, and on the other hand, the high-toughness coating layer alloy and the middle layer alloy are alternately laminated and compounded, so that the overall flexibility of the cutting edge can be improved, and the anti-cracking performance is improved.

Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a preparation method of the composite alloy plate, which comprises the following preparation steps:

s1: preparing metal powder of the intermediate layer alloy and a plate or a pipe of the coating layer alloy;

s2: packaging the metal powder of the coating layer alloy and the intermediate layer alloy which are stacked and sequentially and alternately arranged by using a packaging body to form an intermediate composite body, wherein the packaging body is provided with an air suction hole communicated with the cavity;

in this step, the number of layers of the intermediate layer alloy can be set according to actual needs, for example, it can be 3 layers, and besides, it can also be other number of layers, for example, 1 layer, 2 layers, or even more. The total number of layers of the interlayer alloy and the clad alloy is preferably 3 to 99. Besides, the intermediate composite body is sealed by the packaging body to form a cuboid, and can be sealed into other shapes, for example, the intermediate composite body can be in a cylindrical shape by adopting the stainless steel with the coating layer to perform stack packaging in a tube manner.

S3: vacuumizing the packaging body through the air exhaust hole to remove gas in the intermediate composite body, and sealing and welding the air exhaust hole;

s4: and (3) treating the intermediate complex after the gas is removed by adopting a hot isostatic pressing process to form a densified complex, wherein the thickness of the densified complex is 30-250 mm.

S5: and hot deforming the densified composite.

Further, in step S3, the intermediate composite is heated at a temperature of 50 ℃ to 550 ℃, and during the heating, a vacuum is drawn, and the vacuum degree in the package is maintained at a value higher than 0.1Pa for at least 24 hours.

Further, in step S5, the densified composite is forged and unbaked to obtain a forged blank, the unbaked temperature is 1120-1200 ℃, and then the forged blank is rolled, wherein in the step, the thickness of the rolled composite alloy plate is preferably 1.5-8 mm, and the width dimension range is preferably 50-1200 mm.

The preparation method of the composite alloy plate has the advantages of simple process flow, short time and high yield, and the selected process flow and process parameters supplement each other, so that the prepared composite alloy plate has excellent wear resistance and better toughness.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a composite alloy plate in a forming process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a comparative example Cr12MoV alloy of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of an interlayer alloy of example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a microstructure of an interlayer alloy of example 5 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the wear resistance of the interlayer alloys of examples 1 to 16 of the present invention and comparative example Cr12 MoV.

Description of reference numerals:

1. sheathing; 2. an interlayer alloy; 3. and (3) coating alloy.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

The embodiment relates to a composite alloy plate, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a middle layer alloy 2 and a coating layer alloy 3 which are stacked and alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the middle layer alloy 2 is powder prepared by adopting an atomization powder preparation process.

The alloy sheet material of the invention is prepared from sheet materials used for forming the alloy of the coating layer and metal powder used for forming the alloy of the middle layer. The coating alloy is preferably a plate made of existing stainless steel, and the chemical composition of the coating alloy comprises at least 11% of Cr by mass percent, and specifically, the coating alloy adopts at least one of 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 304, 316, 410, 420 and 440 alloys.

In order to improve the performance of the composite alloy plate, as a preferable feasible embodiment, the thickness ratio of the single layer of the intermediate layer alloy and the thickness ratio of the single layer of the coating layer alloy are 0.5-2.0, and the total number of the layers of the intermediate layer alloy and the coating layer alloy is 3-99.

In the invention, the key for realizing the comprehensive performance of the plate is the alternate arrangement of the intermediate layer alloy and the cladding layer alloy, wherein the preparation of the metal powder and the chemical components of the metal powder play an important role in optimizing the performance of the metal powder.

Specifically, the metal powder is prepared by an atomization powder preparation process, and preferably an atomization powder preparation process.

The composite alloy sheet of the present invention will now be described with reference to the chemical compositions of the examples, wherein the chemical composition of the interlayer alloy 2 of each example is shown in table 1:

table 1: chemical composition of interlayer alloy 2

In table 1: the metal powders of examples 1 to 17 were prepared as follows:

a. the alloy is filled into a smelting ladle and is powered and heated under the protective atmosphere;

b. after the alloy is melted, the temperature is continuously raised to 1700 ℃, and after sampling and analyzing the components, the components are adjusted to a qualified range;

c. starting high-pressure atomizing gas and an emptying fan after the temperature of the alloy melt meets the requirement, enabling the alloy melt to enter an atomizing chamber through a ceramic eyelet at the bottom of the smelting system, converting the alloy melt into metal powder under the action of the high-pressure atomizing gas, and controlling the atomization flow of the alloy melt to be 20 kg/min;

d. conveying the atomized powder to a powder collecting tank body through air flow, and cooling to 50 ℃.

It should be noted that the alloying of N in the alloys of examples 1, 9-13 and 15-17 is realized by powder solid phase nitriding.

In addition, in example 17, during the gas atomization powder preparation process, the metal liquid is easy to be blocked by atomization holes, and stable production is difficult.

The metal powder of each example and the conventional 3Cr 13-based plate are used to prepare the composite alloy plate of the present invention, and the preparation steps are as follows:

s1: the metal powders of examples 1 to 16 and the plate material of the coating alloy 3 were prepared.

S2: the plate material of the clad alloy 3 and the metal powder of each example were each encapsulated with an encapsulating body, and the clad alloy 3 and the metal powder were stacked and alternately arranged in this order to form a rectangular parallelepiped intermediate composite body, and the size of the rectangular body was specifically 210mm 1600mm, and with reference to the structure shown in fig. 1, the plate material of the clad alloy 3 had a thickness of 30mm per layer, the number of layers of the intermediate alloy 2 was 3, and the thickness of each layer was 30 mm. It should be noted here that the package is preferably an existing sheath 1, which has a suction hole communicating with the cavity.

S3: heating the intermediate complex at the temperature of 300 ℃, vacuumizing the packaging body through the air exhaust hole in the heating process to remove air in the intermediate complex through the reserved air exhaust hole, keeping the vacuum degree in the packaging body higher than 0.1Pa for at least 24h, and then sealing and welding the air exhaust hole for vacuumizing.

S4: and (4) treating the intermediate complex after the gas is removed by adopting a hot isostatic pressing process to form a densified complex.

S5: and performing thermal deformation processing on the densified composite body, wherein the thermal deformation processing mode is as follows, firstly forging and cogging the densified composite body to obtain a forged blank, cogging the forged blank at the temperature of 1160 ℃ to the cross section size of 50mm x 200mm, and then rolling the forged blank to prepare a plate with the width of 1000mm and the thickness of 3.5 mm.

Next, using a current commercial Cr12MoV alloy as a comparative example, comparative tests were performed on examples 1 to 16 in table 1 in the following respects: (1) a microstructure; (2) hardness; (3) wear resistance; (4) and (4) corrosion resistance. The comparative results are as follows:

(1) microstructure after heat treatment

In examples 1 to 16, the microstructure of the interlayer alloy 2 was analyzed.

The intermediate layer alloy has obvious structure form of powder metallurgy alloy, the carbide is fine and evenly distributed, the particle size of the carbide is less than or equal to 7 mu m, the particle size of at least 80 percent of the carbide is less than or equal to 3 mu m, and the shape of the intermediate layer alloy is similar to spherical particles. A large amount of high-hardness carbide is distributed in the matrix in a fine dispersion mode, so that the wear resistance can be improved, and the excellent toughness and the processability can be maintained.

Wherein the microstructure diagrams of the example 1 and the example 5 are shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

(2) Hardness of

Table 3: the interlayer alloy 2 of each example was subjected to a hardness test, and the measurement results were as follows:

hardness tests are carried out on all the embodiments by referring to GB/T230.1-2018, and results show that the intermediate layer alloy 2 of the composite alloy plate can reach a high hardness level, and the requirements of most wear-resistant working conditions on material hardness can be met.

(3) Wear resistance

The wear resistance is tested by a metal opposite grinding test, the friction pair is 45# steel, the load is 50kg, and the revolution is 200 r/min. The wear resistance is measured according to the weight loss of the tested material and divided into 10 wear resistance grades, wherein 1 is the worst wear resistance and 10 is the best wear resistance.

The comparison results are shown in FIG. 5, and the alloys of the present invention all showed more excellent wear resistance, especially in example 11, which showed the most excellent wear resistance under the effect of the microstructure containing high-content hardness carbides.

(4) Corrosion resistance

Referring to the heat treatment system of table 3, the comparative example alloy and examples 1 to 16 were immersed in a 5% ethanol solution of nitric acid for etching, and after immersion for 24 hours, the surface of interlayer alloy 2 was observed to be etched, 0 representing no etching spot, and 10 representing that the entire surface was etched.

Table 4: comparison of Corrosion resistance Properties of examples

Serial number	State of corrosion
		1	0
2	0
		3	0
4	0
		5	0
6	0
		7	0
8	0
		9	0
10	0
		11	0
12	0
		13	0
14	0
		15	0
16	0
		Comparative example Cr12MoV	10

As a result, as shown in Table 4, the alloy surfaces of examples 1 to 16 all maintained a corrosion-free state and exhibited good corrosion resistance.

In the description of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention are given, it is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can combine, replace and modify the features of different embodiments or examples and different embodiments or examples described in the present specification without contradiction.

Claims

1. A composite alloy plate is characterized in that: the alloy comprises a coating layer alloy (3) and an intermediate layer alloy (2) which are stacked and sequentially and alternately arranged, wherein the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise the following components in percentage by mass: (C + N): 1.1% -5.0%, and C: 0.5% -3.5%; (V + Ti +0.5 Nb): 2% -16%, and Ti: 0.5% -12%; (Mo + 0.5W): 0.6% -7%, and Mo: 0.4% -5%; si: 0.01% -1.2%; mn: 0.2% -1.2%; cr: 12% -27%; co: less than or equal to 3 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities.

2. The composite alloy sheet of claim 1, wherein: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise the following components in percentage by mass: (C + N): 1.2 to 3.5 percent; and C: 0.5% -3.5%; (V + Ti +0.5 Nb): 3 to 12 percent; and Ti: 0.5% -6%; (Mo + 0.5W): 1 to 6.5 percent; and Mo: 0.4% -5%; si: 0.3% -0.8%; mn: 0.2% -0.6%; cr: 12% -24%; co: less than or equal to 3 percent.

3. The composite alloy sheet of claim 1, wherein: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise N which is less than or equal to 3.5 percent by mass.

4. The composite alloy sheet of claim 1, wherein: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise V which is less than or equal to 10 percent by mass.

5. The composite alloy sheet of claim 1, wherein: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise Nb which is less than or equal to 4 percent by mass.

6. The composite alloy sheet of claim 1, wherein: the chemical components of the intermediate layer alloy (2) comprise W which is less than or equal to 3 percent by mass.

7. The composite alloy sheet of claim 1, wherein: the coating layer alloy (3) is a stainless steel plate, and the chemical components of the coating layer alloy comprise at least 11% of Cr by mass percent.

8. The composite alloy sheet of claim 7, wherein: the clad alloy (3) adopts any one of 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 304, 316, 410, 420 and 440 alloy.

9. The composite alloy sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the monolayer thickness ratio of the intermediate layer alloy (2) to the cladding layer alloy (3) is 0.5-2.0.

10. The preparation method of the composite alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:

s1: preparing metal powder of the intermediate layer alloy (2) and a plate or a pipe of the coating layer alloy (3);

s2: encapsulating the metal powder of the coating layer alloy (3) and the intermediate layer alloy (2) which are stacked and alternately arranged in sequence with a packaging body to form an intermediate composite body; the packaging body is provided with an air suction hole communicated with the cavity;

S5: and hot deforming the densified composite.

11. The method for producing a composite alloy plate according to claim 10, characterized in that: in step S3, the intermediate complex is heated at the temperature of 50-550 ℃, vacuum is pumped in the heating process, and the vacuum degree in the packaging body is kept for at least 24 hours under the condition that the vacuum degree is higher than 0.1 Pa.

12. The method for producing a composite alloy plate according to claim 10, characterized in that: in step S5, the densified composite is forged and cogging to obtain a forged blank, the cogging temperature is 1120-1200 ℃, and then the forged blank is rolled.