CN105112790A - High-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105112790A
CN105112790A CN201510603016.6A CN201510603016A CN105112790A CN 105112790 A CN105112790 A CN 105112790A CN 201510603016 A CN201510603016 A CN 201510603016A CN 105112790 A CN105112790 A CN 105112790A
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steel
preparation
spheroidal graphite
cast
graphit
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谢明义
徐贵宝
刘宇
李娄明
徐建国
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CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a high-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel and a preparation method thereof. The spheroidal-graphit cast steel comprises spherical graphite which comprises the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 1.35-1.5% of C, 1.3-1.6% of Si, 0.6-0.8% of Mn, 0.8-1.0% of Cr, 0.3-0.5% of Mo, smaller than or equal to 0.04% of P, smaller than or equal to 0.04% of S, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method for the high-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel comprises steps of alloy smelting, inoculation and spheroidizing treatment, and pouring and heat treatment. The high-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel is excellent in mechanical property, high in strength and good in wearing resistance, and is particularly suitable for all types of wear-resistant tooling components such as a roller; specifically, the tensile strength of the high-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel is higher than and equal to 800 MPa, the elongation percentage is higher than and equal to 1.0%, the hardness is higher than and equal to 30 HRC. In addition, through alloy ratio optimization, the consumption of precious metals such as Ni, V, Nb, W and Ti is reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the manufacture process is simple, and a very high practical value is provided.

Description

A kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel and preparation method thereof, particularly relating to a kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel for making the wear-resisting fixture components such as roll and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite steel is a kind of new engineering material that Abroad in Recent Years finds out, and its chemical composition generally belongs to hypereutectoid scope, carbon content generally 1.0 ~ 1.8%, silicone content 1.1 ~ 1.6%.And general steel carbon is high carbon steel containing 0.7 ~ 1.2%, carbon containing is greater than 1.4% and is considered forbidden zone, cannot use because fragility is too large.If when in steel, carbon content increases, hardness and wear resistance can be improved, consider at first also to comprise graphite while carbide-containing in steel so external, because carbide particle increasing number, wear resistance is improved, and graphite has self-lubricating function, to the very large help of raising wear resistance effect, improve the machinability of steel simultaneously.
Roll is mainly used in the frock on the products such as rolling wheel and wheel hub, and the working conditions of roll is very severe, in course of hot rolling except bearing rolling load, is also subject to the tangent direction friction that metal flow produces.If use conventional spheroidal graphite steel to make, usually there will be intensity and wear resistance not, the uneven and phenomenon that causes local to wear no resistance of roller surface hardness, and in use easily there is the problems such as cracking, work-ing life is short.Therefore, based on above-mentioned situation, invent a kind of spheroidal graphite steel with high strength and high-wearing feature and there is certain practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel, it has the advantage of excellent in mechanical performance, high strength, high-wearing feature.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel, containing globular graphite in cast steel, the chemical composition of cast steel and mass percent are: the C of 1.35% ~ 1.5%, the Si of 1.3% ~ 1.6%, the Mn of 0.6% ~ 0.8%, the Cr of 0.8% ~ 1.0%, the Mo of 0.3% ~ 0.5%, the P of 0 ~ 0.04%, the S of 0 ~ 0.04%, all the other are Fe and impurity, and the mass percent summation of each chemical composition is 100%.
A preparation method for high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel, the method comprises the steps:
(1) alloy melting: prepare burden according to the alloy compositions of spheroidal graphite steel and content, carburelant, steel scrap, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome and foundry returns are put in induction furnace, carry out successively removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated and spectroscopic compositional analyses, before coming out of the stove, add ferromanganese and ferrosilicon;
(2) to breed and spheroidizing: melted alloy is controlled within the scope of tapping temperature, and put into rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, ferrosilicon covers rare-earth nodularizer surface as nucleating agent, and molten steel fully will stir after coming out of the stove in casting ladle;
(3) pour into a mould: before cast, sprue cup aimed at by cast gate, when temperature reaches teeming temperature, entirely flow cast, subtract stream when molten steel rises to large rising head 2/3 height and keep molten steel slowly to rise;
(4) thermal treatment: the mode that the spheroidal graphite steel after cast adopts normalizing to add tempering is heat-treated; Described normalizing mode is first be heated to 950 ± 30 DEG C of insulations with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min, and soaking time adjusts according to the wall thickness size of spheroidal graphite steel, then cools the temperature to 850 ± 20 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove; Tempering mode is be heated to 650 ± 30 DEG C of rear furnace cooling of insulation with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min.
Further, in described step (1), carburelant adopts high-temperature calcination greying crystal-type carburelant.
Further, in described step (2), tapping temperature is 1550 ~ 1600 DEG C; The granularity of ferrosilicon is not more than 15mm.
Further, in described step (3), teeming temperature is 1440 ~ 1480 DEG C; Whole casting process does not allow to occur cutout and turbulent flow.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present invention, be particularly useful for all kinds of wear-resisting fixture components such as roll its there is excellent mechanical property, intensity is high, wear resistance good.Specifically, the tensile strength >=800Mpa of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present invention, unit elongation >=1.0%, hardness >=30HRC.
Globular graphite and the carbide of some amount is there is in high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present invention, not only possesses excellent wear resistance, the existence of globular graphite makes it also have higher thermal crack resistant, thermal fatigue property, also has good damping performance and cutting ability simultaneously.In addition, the existence due to graphite-phase avoids made workpiece and by the adhesive wear of rolling between workpiece, significantly improves the surface quality of workpiece.
(2) alloying element ratio optimization of the present invention, required alloying element is less, and does not need to use the precious metals such as Ni, V, Nb, W, Ti completely, and production cost reduces greatly, for industrial production, there is very high practical value, be beneficial to and promote the use of.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure photo (100 ×) of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo (100 ×) of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure photo (100 ×) of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure photo (100 ×) of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure photo (100 ×) of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of embodiment 5.
Embodiment
A kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel, its chemical composition, by mass percentage: C:1.35 ~ 1.5%, Si:1.3 ~ 1.6%, Mn:0.6 ~ 0.8%, Cr:0.8 ~ 1.0%, Mo:0.3 ~ 0.5%, P :≤0.04%, S :≤0.04%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel, comprises the steps:
(1) alloy melting: prepare burden according to alloy compositions and content, according to alloying ingredient, carburelant, steel scrap, molybdenum-iron and ferrochrome, foundry returns etc. are loaded in induction furnace, carry out removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated, spectroscopic compositional analyses, add ferromanganese, ferrosilicon before coming out of the stove; Wherein, carburelant adopts high-temperature calcination greying crystal-type carburelant.
(2) to breed and spheroidizing: melted alloy is controlled within the scope of tapping temperature, and put into rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, wherein ferrosilicon covers rare earth surface as nucleating agent, granularity is not more than 15mm, and molten steel will carry out after coming out of the stove fully stirring carrying out completely to impel to breed with spheroidizing in casting ladle; Wherein, tapping temperature should control at 1550 ~ 1600 DEG C.
(3) pour into a mould: before cast, sprue cup aimed at by cast gate, entirely flows cast during teeming temperature to be achieved, subtract stream and keep molten steel slowly to rise when molten steel rises to large rising head 2/3 height, whole casting process does not allow to occur the turbulent phenomenon of cutout; Wherein, teeming temperature should control at 1440 ~ 1480 DEG C.
(4) thermal treatment: the coupon of cast or the mode of foundry goods employing normalizing+tempering are heat-treated.Wherein, normalizing process is first be heated to 950 ± 30 DEG C of held for some time with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min, and soaking time adjusts according to coupon or casting section thickness size, then cools the temperature to 850 ± 20 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove.Tempering process is for being heated to furnace cooling after 650 ± 30 DEG C of held for some time with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
1.30% carburelant, 78.98% steel scrap, 1.43% ferrochrome, 0.53% molybdenum-iron and 16.0% foundry returns is added successively in alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, carry out removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated, spectroscopic compositional analyses, when temperature reaches 1450 DEG C, add 0.28% ferromanganese, 1.17% ferrosilicon; Melted alloy is controlled the tapping temperature at 1570 DEG C, and put into 0.31% rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, and ferrosilicon granularity being not more than 15mm covers rare earth surface, molten steel fully stirs after coming out of the stove in casting ladle, pour into a mould when temperature reaches 1460 DEG C, first 940 DEG C of insulation 4h are first heated to the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min after cast cleaning, cool the temperature to 850 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove again, then with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min be heated to 650 DEG C insulation 4h after furnace cooling.The chemical composition of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present embodiment and mechanics properties testing are the results detailed in Table 1 and table 2, and as shown in Figure 1, metallographic structure is mainly perlite and carbide, and are attended by globular graphite precipitation.
The chemical composition of table 1 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
1 1.36 1.42 0.68 0.88 0.32 0.025 0.033
The mechanical property of table 2 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering Tensile strength Rm (RPa) Elongation A (%) Hardness (HRC)
1-1 853 1.5 36
1-2 857 1.4 36
1-3 866 1.3 37
Embodiment 2:
1.38% carburelant, 82.87% steel scrap, 1.49% ferrochrome, 0.58% molybdenum-iron and 12.0% foundry returns is added successively in alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, carry out removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated, spectroscopic compositional analyses, when temperature reaches 1450 DEG C, add 0.25% ferromanganese, 1.13% ferrosilicon; Melted alloy is controlled the tapping temperature at 1560 DEG C, and put into 0.30% rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, and ferrosilicon granularity being not more than 15mm covers rare earth surface, molten steel fully stirs after coming out of the stove in casting ladle, pour into a mould when temperature reaches 1470 DEG C, first 950 DEG C of insulation 5h are first heated to the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min after cast cleaning, cool the temperature to 850 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove again, then with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min be heated to 650 DEG C insulation 5h after furnace cooling.The chemical composition of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present embodiment and mechanics properties testing are the results detailed in Table 3 and table 4, and as shown in Figure 2, metallographic structure is mainly perlite and carbide, and are attended by globular graphite precipitation.
The chemical composition of table 3 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel steel
Numbering C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
2 1.42 1.51 0.65 0.92 0.35 0.023 0.028
The mechanical property of table 4 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering Tensile strength Rm (RPa) Elongation A (%) Hardness (HRC)
2-1 892 1.3 38
2-2 897 1.4 38
2-3 896 1.3 39
Embodiment 3:
33.22% pig iron, 50.81% steel scrap, 1.34% ferrochrome, 0.77% molybdenum-iron and 12.0% foundry returns is added successively in alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, carry out removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated, spectroscopic compositional analyses, when temperature reaches 1450 DEG C, add 0.57% ferromanganese, 1.29% ferrosilicon; Melted alloy is controlled the tapping temperature at 1570 DEG C, and put into 0.35% rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, and ferrosilicon granularity being not more than 15mm covers rare earth surface, molten steel fully stirs after coming out of the stove in casting ladle, pour into a mould when temperature reaches 1460 DEG C, first 960 DEG C of insulation 4h are first heated to the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min after cast cleaning, cool the temperature to 860 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove again, then with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min be heated to 640 DEG C insulation 4h after furnace cooling.The chemical composition of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present embodiment and mechanics properties testing are the results detailed in Table 5 and table 6, and as shown in Figure 3, metallographic structure is mainly perlite and carbide, and are attended by globular graphite precipitation.
The chemical composition of table 5 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
3 1.48 1.32 0.76 0.83 0.46 0.022 0.030
The mechanical property of table 6 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering Tensile strength Rm (RPa) Elongation A (%) Hardness (HRC)
3-1 897 1.5 39
3-2 910 1.5 39
3-3 898 1.4 38
Embodiment 4:
29.83% pig iron, 54.76% steel scrap, 1.30% ferrochrome, 0.50% molybdenum-iron and 12.0% foundry returns is added successively in alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, carry out removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated, spectroscopic compositional analyses, when temperature reaches 1450 DEG C, add 0.33% ferromanganese, 1.28% ferrosilicon; Melted alloy is controlled the tapping temperature at 1560 DEG C, and put into 0.38% rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, and ferrosilicon granularity being not more than 15mm covers rare earth surface, molten steel fully stirs after coming out of the stove in casting ladle, pour into a mould when temperature reaches 1460 DEG C, first 960 DEG C of insulation 4h are first heated to the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min after cast cleaning, cool the temperature to 860 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove again, then with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min be heated to 660 DEG C insulation 4h after furnace cooling.The chemical composition of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present embodiment and mechanics properties testing are the results detailed in Table 7 and table 8, and as shown in Figure 4, metallographic structure is mainly perlite and carbide, and are attended by globular graphite precipitation.
The chemical composition of table 7 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
4 1.35 1.30 0.60 0.80 0.30 0.020 0.031
The mechanical property of table 8 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering Tensile strength Rm (RPa) Elongation A (%) Hardness (HRC)
4-1 890 1.5 38
4-2 892 1.5 38
4-3 892 1.6 38
Embodiment 5:
1.47% carburelant, 81.75% steel scrap, 1.62% ferrochrome, 0.84% molybdenum-iron and 12.0% foundry returns is added successively in alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, carry out removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated, spectroscopic compositional analyses, when temperature reaches 1450 DEG C, add 0.45% ferromanganese, 1.87% ferrosilicon; Melted alloy is controlled the tapping temperature at 1560 DEG C, and put into 0.30% rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, and ferrosilicon granularity being not more than 15mm covers rare earth surface, molten steel fully stirs after coming out of the stove in casting ladle, pour into a mould when temperature reaches 1480 DEG C, first 940 DEG C of insulation 5h are first heated to the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min after cast cleaning, cool the temperature to 850 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove again, then with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min be heated to 640 DEG C insulation 5h after furnace cooling.The chemical composition of the high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel of the present embodiment and mechanics properties testing are the results detailed in Table 9 and table 10, and as shown in Figure 5, metallographic structure is mainly perlite and carbide, and are attended by globular graphite precipitation.
The chemical composition of table 9 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel steel
Numbering C Si Mn Cr Mo P S
5 1.50 1.60 0.80 1.0 0.5 0.021 0.026
The mechanical property of table 10 high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel
Numbering Tensile strength Rm (RPa) Elongation A (%) Hardness (HRC)
5-1 935 1.3 42
5-2 927 1.3 41
5-3 940 1.3 42
The foregoing is only preference embodiment of the present invention, do not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any any amendment done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel, it is characterized in that, described cast steel contains globular graphite, and the chemical composition of cast steel and mass percent are: the C of 1.35% ~ 1.5%, the Si of 1.3% ~ 1.6%, the Mn of 0.6% ~ 0.8%, the Cr of 0.8% ~ 1.0%, the Mo of 0.3% ~ 0.5%, the P of 0 ~ 0.04%, the S of 0 ~ 0.04%, all the other are Fe and impurity, and the mass percent summation of each chemical composition is 100%.
2. the preparation method of a kind of high-strength abrasion-proof spheroidal graphite steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described preparation method comprises the steps:
(1) alloy melting: prepare burden according to the alloy compositions of spheroidal graphite steel and content, carburelant, steel scrap, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome and foundry returns are put in induction furnace, carry out successively removing the gred after being all fused into molten steel, skim, be incubated and spectroscopic compositional analyses, before coming out of the stove, add ferromanganese and ferrosilicon;
(2) to breed and spheroidizing: melted alloy is controlled within the scope of tapping temperature, and put into rare earth silicon and ferrosilicon watering at the bottom of handbag in advance, ferrosilicon covers rare-earth nodularizer surface as nucleating agent, and molten steel fully will stir after coming out of the stove in casting ladle;
(3) pour into a mould: before cast, sprue cup aimed at by cast gate, when temperature reaches teeming temperature, entirely flow cast, subtract stream when molten steel rises to large rising head 2/3 height and keep molten steel slowly to rise;
(4) thermal treatment: the mode that the spheroidal graphite steel after cast adopts normalizing to add tempering is heat-treated; Described normalizing mode is first be heated to 950 ± 30 DEG C of insulations with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min, and soaking time adjusts according to the wall thickness size of spheroidal graphite steel, then cools the temperature to 850 ± 20 DEG C of blowing normalizings of coming out of the stove; Tempering mode is be heated to 650 ± 30 DEG C of rear furnace cooling of insulation with the rate of heating not higher than 60 DEG C/min.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step (1), carburelant adopts high-temperature calcination greying crystal-type carburelant.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), tapping temperature is 1550 ~ 1600 DEG C; The granularity of ferrosilicon is not more than 15mm.
5. the preparation method as described in one of as any in claim 2-4, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), teeming temperature is 1440 ~ 1480 DEG C; Whole casting process does not allow to occur cutout and turbulent flow.
CN201510603016.6A 2015-09-21 2015-09-21 High-strength wear-resistant spheroidal-graphit cast steel and preparation method thereof Pending CN105112790A (en)

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CN105642844A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-06-08 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 Casting method for 2205 duplex stainless steel ingot
CN105642844B (en) * 2016-01-07 2018-03-13 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 A kind of casting method of 2205 two-phase stainless steel ingot
CN105499495A (en) * 2016-01-27 2016-04-20 娄底市现代精密铸造有限公司 Dead-head-free sand mould casting technology and casting mould for ductile cast iron grinding disc
CN106756437B (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-10-30 天津理工大学 A kind of method of Carbide Precipitation state in control superhigh carbon steel
CN107779809A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-03-09 宁国市正兴耐磨材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method of composite coating wear-resistant ball
CN108311704A (en) * 2018-01-03 2018-07-24 湖南精量重工科技有限公司 A kind of precision casting production technology
CN112813343A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-05-18 马鞍山庞博铸业有限公司 Nodular cast steel and preparation method thereof

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