EP1249512A1 - Acier d'ecrouissage pour la fabrication des composants selon la technique de la metallurgie des poudres - Google Patents

Acier d'ecrouissage pour la fabrication des composants selon la technique de la metallurgie des poudres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1249512A1
EP1249512A1 EP02450076A EP02450076A EP1249512A1 EP 1249512 A1 EP1249512 A1 EP 1249512A1 EP 02450076 A EP02450076 A EP 02450076A EP 02450076 A EP02450076 A EP 02450076A EP 1249512 A1 EP1249512 A1 EP 1249512A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cold work
steel alloy
powder
work steel
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02450076A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1249512B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dipl.Ing Liebfart
Roland Dipl.Ing Rabitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boehler Edelstahl GmbH filed Critical Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
Priority to SI200230445T priority Critical patent/SI1249512T1/sl
Priority to AT02450076T priority patent/ATE340877T1/de
Publication of EP1249512A1 publication Critical patent/EP1249512A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1249512B1 publication Critical patent/EP1249512B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
    • C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
    • C21D2241/02—Hot isostatic pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold work steel alloy for powder metallurgical Manufacture of parts, especially tools, with high toughness and hardness as well as resistance to wear and material fatigue.
  • Tools and tool parts are usually multi-layered what requires such a property profile.
  • a creation of a it is particularly suitable for a type of stress on the material naturally with a deterioration in its resistance to others Loads connected so that for a high quality of use of a tool in many cases there should be several high-level characteristics with in other words, the performance characteristics of a tool represent one Compromise regarding the respective individual material values
  • High performance tool steel components consistently have one Hard phase part made of carbides and a matrix phase part that receives them, Which phases in particular with regard to their proportions in the material of the depend on the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • the concentrations of the carbide-forming elements and the Carbon content with a view to an increased carbide content and thus a to be able to increase the wear resistance of the material, on the other hand, however, sufficient processability, homogeneity and toughness Ensuring the parts or tools made from it is one to provide powder metallurgical production of the same.
  • a powder metallurgical (PM) production of materials includes in essentially a gas or nitrogen atomization or cutting a molten steel into fine droplets that form metal powder with high solidification speed are solidified, introducing and compacting the metal powder into or a capsule, closing the capsule and heating as well hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of the powder into a dense capsule homogeneous material.
  • a PM material created in this way can be used as as-HIPed, used to manufacture parts or tools or previously one Hot forming, e.g. by forging and / or rolling.
  • Highly stressed tools or parts e.g. Knives, stamps as well Matrices and the like also require durability at the same time against abrasive wear, high toughness and fatigue resistance of the Material.
  • the Fatigue resistance is essentially a failure to crack very high swelling or changing mechanical stress on the Material, in turn, is characterized by a high matrix hardness and low crack initiation Carbide grains and non-metallic inclusions promoted
  • the quality of use of parts or tools represents one Compromise between wear resistance, toughness and Fatigue resistance of the material in the thermally tempered state
  • the general aim of increasing the quality of cold work steels has been has long been trying to increase the steel property profile overall increase.
  • the present invention now aims to take account of the requirements bearing, the mechanical parameters in the thermally tempered state, namely the bending strength, the impact bending work and the wear resistance of the Tool steel material to increase quality assured at the same time.
  • the Carbides are essentially monocarbides with regard to wear resistance, homogeneously distributed in the matrix and with a diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 4 microns.
  • Vanadium and niobium are the strongest carbide formers and, for reasons of alloy technology, are to be provided together in a concentration range of 7.05 to 9.0% by weight of V and 0.25 to 2.45% by weight of Nb.
  • VNb advantageous mixed carbides
  • these content ranges based on V and Nb, there is such a carbon affinity in the material that the other carbide-forming elements chromium, tungsten and molybdenum in the inventive Concentrations with the residual carbon are available for solid solution strengthening and increase the matrix hardness.
  • Vanadium and / or niobium contents higher than 9.0 or 2.45% by weight have a reducing effect on the matrix strength and in particular reduce the fatigue resistance of the material, whereas contents lower than 7.05% by weight V and / or 0.25 %
  • Nb By weight of Nb leads to the increased formation of softer carbide phases such as M 7 C 3 carbides, as a result of which the wear resistance of the steel is reduced.
  • the degree of oxide purity of the invention is of particular importance Material because not only its mechanical inclusions due to non-metallic inclusions Properties can deteriorate, but it can also be caused by this Non-metals disadvantageous germination effects during solidification and Heat treatment of the material arise. It is therefore essential to the invention that a high purity nitrogen alloy with a purity of atomized at least 99.999% nitrogen and physisorption of oxygen the powder grain surface is avoided until it is enclosed in a capsule, whereby the hipped material has an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm and a Content and configuration of non-metallic inclusions accordingly has a K0 value of at most 3 according to the test according to DIN 50 602.
  • Tab. 2 Measured values, determined during the mechanical testing of the steel alloys Fig. 1 measuring arrangement for determining the bending strength Fig. Sample form for the determination of the impact bending work 3 device for measuring the wear resistance (schematic) Fig. 4 Comparison of the bending strength of the steel alloys Fig. 5 comparison of the impact bending work Fig. 6 comparison of the respective wear resistance of the steel alloys
  • Table 1 shows the chemical composition of an invention Cold work steel alloy (Leg. A) and those of the comparative alloys (B to J) seen.
  • test results for bending strength are: Impact bending work and the wear resistance of the alloy according to the invention A and the comparative alloys B to J.
  • the preload F r was 200 N
  • the speed up to the preload was 2 mm / min
  • the test speed was 5 mm / min.
  • the tests of the impact bending work of the respective steel alloys were carried out on samples with the shape according to FIG. 2.
  • FIG 3 shows the device for determining the wear resistance in schematic representation can be removed.
  • alloy A according to the invention is now that of Comparative alloys (B to J) (Tab. 2), shown in a bar graph in Fig. 4, compared, the alloys E, F, H and I each have the same dimensions high values, with alloy I having the highest flexural strength.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP02450076A 2001-04-11 2002-04-04 Acier d'ecrouissage pour la fabrication des composants selon la technique de la metallurgie des poudres Expired - Lifetime EP1249512B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200230445T SI1249512T1 (sl) 2001-04-11 2002-04-04 Jeklena legura za delo v hladnem za dele, izvedene na osnovi praskaste metalurgije
AT02450076T ATE340877T1 (de) 2001-04-11 2002-04-04 Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von teilen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT5872001 2001-04-11
AT0058701A AT410448B (de) 2001-04-11 2001-04-11 Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von teilen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1249512A1 true EP1249512A1 (fr) 2002-10-16
EP1249512B1 EP1249512B1 (fr) 2006-09-27

Family

ID=3677079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02450076A Expired - Lifetime EP1249512B1 (fr) 2001-04-11 2002-04-04 Acier d'ecrouissage pour la fabrication des composants selon la technique de la metallurgie des poudres

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US6773482B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1249512B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR100476505B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1164787C (fr)
AR (1) AR034306A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT410448B (fr)
BR (1) BR0202148B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2381508C (fr)
DE (1) DE50208230D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1249512T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2272662T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1051879A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2221069C1 (fr)
TW (1) TW589388B (fr)
UA (1) UA76704C2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005020081A1 (de) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter, verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff
CN100413988C (zh) * 2005-10-27 2008-08-27 广东省韶关钢铁集团有限公司 一种锤式破碎机用锤头
EP2233596A1 (fr) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-29 Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG Objet en acier pour travail à froid
CN105384008A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-09 常熟市复林造纸机械有限公司 一种卷纸机用高硬度滚筒

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT411534B (de) * 2002-07-08 2004-02-25 Boehler Edelstahl Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hohem verschleisswiderstand
US20060231167A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-19 Hillstrom Marshall D Durable, wear-resistant punches and dies
US7288157B2 (en) * 2005-05-09 2007-10-30 Crucible Materials Corp. Corrosion and wear resistant alloy
FR2893954B1 (fr) * 2005-11-29 2008-02-29 Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions Acier pour outillage a chaud, et piece realisee en cet acier et son procede de fabrication
ES2418135T3 (es) * 2009-02-17 2013-08-12 Mec Holding Gmbh Aleación resistente al desgaste
EP2570508A1 (fr) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-20 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Rouleau pour laminage à chaud
CN102660714B (zh) * 2012-06-05 2013-12-18 河南理工大学 一种高碳高钒耐磨钢
CN103157796B (zh) * 2013-04-10 2014-11-05 湖南环宇粉末冶金有限公司 一种粉末冶金工具钢的成型方法
CN103600062B (zh) * 2013-10-10 2016-01-13 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 一种粉末冶金合金复合材料及其制备方法
CN103589960A (zh) * 2013-11-04 2014-02-19 虞伟财 一种电锯锯条用工具钢
EP2933345A1 (fr) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-21 Uddeholms AB Acier à outils pour travail à froid
WO2016170397A1 (fr) * 2015-04-23 2016-10-27 Aperam Acier, produit réalisé en cet acier, et son procédé de fabrication
CN104878306B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-05-03 河冶科技股份有限公司 喷射成形耐磨工具钢
CN104874802B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-10-10 安泰科技股份有限公司 粉末冶金耐磨损耐腐蚀合金棒材
CN104878304B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-05-03 河冶科技股份有限公司 喷射成形耐磨耐蚀工具钢
CN104894483B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2018-07-31 安泰科技股份有限公司 粉末冶金耐磨工具钢
CN104889400B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-10-10 安泰科技股份有限公司 粉末冶金耐磨耐蚀合金管材
CN104878305B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-10-10 安泰科技股份有限公司 耐磨损耐腐蚀合金钢
CN104878298B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-05-03 安泰科技股份有限公司 粉末冶金耐磨损耐腐蚀合金
CN104894482B (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-05-03 河冶科技股份有限公司 喷射成形工具钢
RU2650942C1 (ru) * 2017-12-19 2018-04-18 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Сталь

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US3704115A (en) * 1970-08-28 1972-11-28 Hoeganaes Ab High alloy steel powders and their consolidation into homogeneous tool steel
JPH06346188A (ja) * 1993-06-08 1994-12-20 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 熱間圧延用ロール
FR2722211A1 (fr) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-12 Thyssen Aciers Speciaux Sa Acier pour outils de mise en forme
EP0930374A1 (fr) * 1998-01-06 1999-07-21 Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. Le fabrication d'un acier à outil pour le faconnage à froid
US5989490A (en) * 1997-04-09 1999-11-23 Crucible Materials Corporation Wear resistant, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel articles having high impact toughness and a method for producing the same

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SE511700C2 (sv) * 1998-03-23 1999-11-08 Uddeholm Tooling Ab Stålmaterial för kallarbetsverktyg framställt på icke pulvermetallurgiskt sätt samt detta sätt
AT411580B (de) * 2001-04-11 2004-03-25 Boehler Edelstahl Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von gegenständen

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US3704115A (en) * 1970-08-28 1972-11-28 Hoeganaes Ab High alloy steel powders and their consolidation into homogeneous tool steel
JPH06346188A (ja) * 1993-06-08 1994-12-20 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 熱間圧延用ロール
FR2722211A1 (fr) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-12 Thyssen Aciers Speciaux Sa Acier pour outils de mise en forme
US5989490A (en) * 1997-04-09 1999-11-23 Crucible Materials Corporation Wear resistant, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel articles having high impact toughness and a method for producing the same
EP0930374A1 (fr) * 1998-01-06 1999-07-21 Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. Le fabrication d'un acier à outil pour le faconnage à froid

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 03 28 April 1995 (1995-04-28) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005020081A1 (de) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter, verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff
US9410230B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2016-08-09 Koppern Entwicklungs Gmbh & Co. Kg Powder-metallurgically produced, wear-resistant material
CN100413988C (zh) * 2005-10-27 2008-08-27 广东省韶关钢铁集团有限公司 一种锤式破碎机用锤头
EP2233596A1 (fr) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-29 Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG Objet en acier pour travail à froid
CN105384008A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-09 常熟市复林造纸机械有限公司 一种卷纸机用高硬度滚筒

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1382825A (zh) 2002-12-04
ATA5872001A (de) 2002-09-15
BR0202148B1 (pt) 2010-11-16
UA76704C2 (uk) 2006-09-15
CN1164787C (zh) 2004-09-01
HK1051879A1 (en) 2003-08-22
AT410448B (de) 2003-04-25
CA2381508A1 (fr) 2002-10-11
AR034306A1 (es) 2004-02-18
TW589388B (en) 2004-06-01
DE50208230D1 (de) 2006-11-09
RU2221069C1 (ru) 2004-01-10
BR0202148A (pt) 2003-06-10
DK1249512T3 (da) 2007-02-05
CA2381508C (fr) 2006-11-28
US6773482B2 (en) 2004-08-10
US20030068248A1 (en) 2003-04-10
KR20020080263A (ko) 2002-10-23
EP1249512B1 (fr) 2006-09-27
KR100476505B1 (ko) 2005-03-17
ES2272662T3 (es) 2007-05-01

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