EP1247579B1 - Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Hart-Weizenkeimen und Anlage zur Ausführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Hart-Weizenkeimen und Anlage zur Ausführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1247579B1
EP1247579B1 EP20020356064 EP02356064A EP1247579B1 EP 1247579 B1 EP1247579 B1 EP 1247579B1 EP 20020356064 EP20020356064 EP 20020356064 EP 02356064 A EP02356064 A EP 02356064A EP 1247579 B1 EP1247579 B1 EP 1247579B1
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Prior art keywords
fraction
separation
mass
germs
durum wheat
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1247579A1 (de
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Yves Mario Cameli
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Panzani SAS
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Panzani SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
    • B02B5/02—Combined processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of processes, installations and devices used and implemented in the agri-food field, and for example in the flour mill or semolina, to ensure the extraction or separation of grains, products or parts thereof. grains from harvested plants, including cereals.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a facility for extracting durum wheat germ in its natural state, that is to say having not previously undergone its extraction any operation or step of conditioning, treatment or conservation, the germ of durum wheat and the mass of cereals harvested being in its natural physicochemical state.
  • a known technique for extracting from durum wheat consists, after dry cleaning of the mass to be treated, of conditioning the mass to be treated with a water supply preceding a step of transformation and separation of the wheat, the germ and waste by a series of successive steps including grinding, sieving and purification or sassage.
  • Document is also known FR-2 404 467 a method of degerming maize consisting essentially of repressing and grinding dry or moist maize in a cylindrical annular working chamber by swirling it with rapidly turning pallets and fixed in large numbers on a rotor and separating the seeds of the endosperm by the outwardly oriented edges of the pallets.
  • Such treatment whether done by the dry or wet route, is not suitable for durum wheat seed, which has dimensional, anatomical and physiological characteristics quite different from that of a corn kernel.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to remedy the various disadvantages listed above, and to propose a new process. and a new seed extraction plant that makes it possible to obtain durum wheat germ whose initial organoleptic qualities are preserved, while being simple and easy to implement on an industrial scale.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new process and a new extraction plant that are able to provide, with the aid of simple means, an acceptable yield of the extraction operation of the durum wheat germ.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new method and a new extraction system that are able to use, without any significant change, conventional separation and cleaning units in the field.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a method of extraction in its natural state of durum wheat germ in which, from a harvested durum mass containing a heterogeneous mixture of grains, of germs and waste or impurities, successively and gradually ensures the separation of the germ to recover it, said method being carried out by a series of extraction steps exclusively mechanical and dry, without external liquid supply.
  • the process for extracting durum wheat germ according to the invention is a process intended to be applied to wheat masses from durum wheat varieties, the mass of cereals harvested and treated in the process according to the invention. having previously undergone treatment, no treatment or conditioning that could alter its original organoleptic qualities.
  • the mass of cereals to be treated is therefore in its native initial state close to that of the crop, the mass of cereals being in a composition close to that obtained at the end of the passage in the harvesting machine ( combine-harvester), and essentially comprising in mixture the wheat grains associated with the germ and waste, dust sounds, in different quantities, shapes and configurations.
  • the mass of cereals to be treated is extracted from storage silos and has, for example, an average humidity of between 10 and 14%.
  • a durum wheat grain is formed by a unitary unit comprising the grain or seed 1 in which the seed 2 is integrated, the grain and the seed possibly being in some cases still surrounded by a vegetable film.
  • the object of the invention is therefore precisely to separate or extract the seed 2 from the seed part, then to recover the seeds without these having been modified, the seed therefore remaining in an initial state close to, or even identical to, its natural state.
  • the figure 1 illustrates, in the form of a schematic diagram, the various essential steps of the process for extracting durum wheat germ in its natural state according to the invention.
  • the extraction process according to the invention is a process in which, from a harvested durum mass containing a heterogeneous mixture of grains, germs and waste or impurities of all kinds (bran, dust). , stones, strands of straw or of any kind, etc.), the separation of the seed is successively and progressively recovered, said process being carried out by a series of extraction steps exclusively mechanical and dry, without any contribution external fluid or fluid and / or without chemical processing steps in particular.
  • the method according to the invention therefore differs radically from the known prior art extraction of durum wheat germ, which consists precisely in using a moistening phase of the grain and the germ to precisely ensure at least their cleaning.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a first step of cleaning the durum wheat mass to rid it of at least a significant part of its waste and impurities of a size similar or identical to the size of durum wheat sprouts. harvest, with a view to obtaining a cleaned durum wheat fraction.
  • Such a step is intended to separate, from the beginning of the extraction cycle, particles of size identical to or close to that of the wheat germ, because such a separation proves in practice extremely difficult at a later stage of the process, the germ to be separated remaining him, at this stage of the first cleaning stage, still integrated in or with the almond or the seed.
  • the cleaning unit 3 has been indicated for the harvested durum wheat mass able to carry out this first step.
  • the cleaning unit 3 can be formed of machines working according to different physical principles (difference in size, density, etc.), this unit being fed with Permanently by Archimedes screws connected to the storage silo (not shown).
  • This cleaning unit 3 may comprise at least one screening machine and a densimetric separation machine.
  • the extraction process then comprises a first mechanical separation step to obtain a fraction of fine products containing the seed mixed with the seeds and the residual dust or waste.
  • This first step of mechanical separation advantageously consists of passing the wheat mass 4 through one or more hullers 5A forming a first mechanical separation unit 5.
  • This unit 5 will advantageously comprise at least one 5A dehuller to ensure the mechanical separation of the seed of the kernel.
  • Such machines are well known and include a horizontally disposed rotor on which the grain mass is directed substantially tangentially. The intensive mixing of the grain layer on the rotor makes it possible to produce a grain friction between them, a friction to the beater and a friction to the shelling coat, the refusal is directed on a suction channel.
  • the grid of the dehuller 5A will advantageously have a mesh of about 1.3 mm and will be provided with salient elements forming asperities to cause or promote tearing.
  • the horizontal huller is equipped with a grid provided with perforations of about 1.3 mm.
  • the first separation step is to pass the mass of durum wheat cleaned on and through a grid, to separate the seed germs by tearing and recover the fraction of fine products by passing through the mesh of the grid.
  • the working face of the fixed gate will be arranged inside towards the rotor.
  • a fine product fraction 7 is obtained containing seeds in mixtures with the seeds and the dust or residual waste.
  • a small fraction 6 of the cereal mass is already recovered at each unit 5A to be further processed in the extraction process according to the invention in a subsequent step forming a second mechanical separation step.
  • This step consists of starting from the fraction of fine products 7 to separate a fraction containing the seeds of the mass of processed cereals.
  • the method according to the invention thus comprises a second step of separation, preferably mechanical, of the mass of fine products 7 in a fraction of grains, and a fraction of germs mixed with waste and residual dust.
  • This fraction of the product 7 is treated with an air recirculating tarar 8 for separating components of low specific gravity in the grain products.
  • This equipment is of course disposed downstream of the horizontal dehuller 5A of the first mechanical separation unit 5.
  • This second mechanical separation step is therefore preferably a densimetric separation step.
  • the extraction process according to the invention is continued from the mass of fine products 10 and fraction 6 by a third mechanical separation step as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 and made in a unit 12 forming a third mechanical separation unit.
  • This separating unit 12 preferably employs a small planichter 13 (rotostar) comprising, as is well known to those skilled in the art, a successive stack of sieves superimposed and nested one inside the other allowing from a input mass to obtain an extraction mass 15 and one or more rejection masses 14.
  • This step is therefore to pass the mixed seed fraction to the waste and dust on a sieve system to double sieve to recover the intermediate particle size fraction containing the seed.
  • the refuse mass 14 will be formed by the fraction of seeds mixed with the waste while the mass of the rejection of the extraction will be formed by seeds or other products and residual dust.
  • the planichter 13 comprises sieves of the order of 1000 microns and sieves of the order of 630 microns to recover the intermediate fraction containing the seeds (fraction between 1000 microns and 630 microns) and eliminate the other fractions.
  • the fraction of the reject mass 14 is stored in a silo 16 before being subjected to a final purification and separation step carried out within the installation for carrying out the extraction process by at least one unit 20 for purifying the final purification as illustrated in Figure 2, the purification unit 20 comprising at least one 20A sasseur and preferably two successive sasseurs.
  • the final purification step therefore consists in passing the intermediate fraction 14 corresponding to the mass of refusal to at least one sampler 20A in order to recover the clean germs, the material used being a conventional semolina sumer comprising, for example, two groups parallel formed each of three layers of horizontal sieves superposed, each layer comprising for example four sieves.
  • Some or all of the refusals 21 from the sasser 20A, can be recycled in the sasseur to increase the final yield of the extraction.
  • the terminal fraction 22 consisting of clean durum germs is recovered, this fraction 22 then being directed to the treatment or subsequent conditioning units.
  • the yield of the extraction method described above makes it possible to recover between 0.1 and 0.8% of the 1.5% (on average) forming the proportion of seeds in the average weight of a grain of wheat. On average, 0.1 to 0.3% of wheat germs are recovered from the 1.5% theoretically recoverable in total weight of wheat.
  • the installation method according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a wheat germ which is naturally stabilized, since only successive mechanical operations are carried out, the mass of treated wheat and the seed contained undergoing no prior treatment in process course, especially thermal, likely to degrade its composition.
  • the durum wheat germ thus obtained has a final composition that is identical or substantially identical to its initial composition, which enables it to retain all of its biochemical properties and to preserve in particular all of its organoleptic properties.
  • the durum wheat germ obtained is thus able to be stored at room temperature for several months without any noticeable change.
  • the durum wheat germ obtained has a low starch content (less than 10%), a high protein content (greater than 35%) and a high lipid content (approximately 15%).

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  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Verfahren zur Extraktion des Keims von Hartweizen in seinem natürlichen Zustand, wobei ausgehend von einer geernteten Hartweizenmasse, die ein heterogenes Gemisch von Körnern, von Keimen und von Abfällen oder Verunreinigungen enthält, nacheinander und schrittweise die Trennung des Keims sichergestellt- wird, um ihn zu gewinnen, wobei das Verfahren durch eine Folge von ausschließlich mechanischen Extraktionsschritten und auf trockenem Wege durchgeführt wird, ohne äußere Zufuhr von Flüssigkeit.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen ersten Schrill der Reinigung der Hartweizenmasse umfasst, um sie von weinigstens einem wesentlichen Teil ihrer Abfälle und Verunreinigungen von einer Größe, die der Größe der Keime ähnlich ist, zu befreien und eine gereinigte Hartweizenfraktion zu erhalten.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das es, ausgehend von der gereinigten Hartweizenmasse, einen ersten Schritt der mechanischen Trennung umfasst, um eine Fraktion von feinen Produkten zu erhalten, welche die Keime im Gemisch mit den Körnern und den restlichen. Staubteilchen oder Abfallen enthält.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Trennungsschritt darin besteht, die gereinigte Hartweizenmasse über und durch ein Gitter laufen zu lassen, um die Keime durch Ausreißen von den Körnern zu trennen und die Fraktion von feinen Produkten durch Durchhang durch die Maschen des Gitters zur gewinnen.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gitter eine Maschenweite von ungefähr 1,3 mm aufweist und mit vorspringenden Elementen versehen ist, welche Unebenheiten bilden, um das Aufreißen zu bewirken.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es, ausgehend von der Masse von feinen Produkten, einen zweiten SchriLL der mechanischen Trennung der Masse in eine Fraktion von Körnern und eine Fraktion von Keimen, die mit den restlichen Abfällen und Staubteilchen gemischt ist, umfasst.
  7. verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Schritt der mechanischen Trennung ein Schritt der densimetrischen Trennung ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es, ausgehend von der Fraktion der mit den Abfällen und Staubteilchen gemischten Keime, einen driLLen Schritt der mechanischen Trennung beinhaltet, welcher darin besteht, diese Fraktion über ein Siebsystem mit doppelter Siebung laufen zu lassen, um die Fraktion miL mittlerer Körnung, die den Keim enthält, zu gewinnen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Siebsystem ein Sieb in der Größenordnung von 1000 µm und ein Sieb in der Größenordnung von 630 µm aufweist, um die die Keime enthaltende Zwischenfraktion, die kleiner als 1000 µm und größer als 630 µm ist, zu gewinnen und die anderen Fraktionen zu beseitigen.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenfraktion einem abschließenden Säuberungs- und Trennungsschritt unterzogen wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser abschließende Säuberungsschritt darin besteht, die Zwischenfraktion über mindestens eine Grießputzmaschine laufen zu lassen, um die sauberen Keime zu gewinnen.
  12. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Extraktion des Keims von Hartweizen in seinem natürlichen Zustand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, umfassend:
    - eine erste Einheit zur Reinigung (3) der geernteten Hartweizenmasse;
    - mindestens eine erste Einheit, zur mechanischen Trennung (5), um den ersten Trennungsschritt durchzuführen;
    - mindestens eine zweite Trennungseinheit. (8), um den zweiten Trennungsschritt durchzuführen;
    - mindestens eine dritte Einheit zur mechanischen Trennung (12), um eine Trennung durch Siebung durchzuführen;
    - mindestens eine Säuberungseinheit (20), um die abschließende Säuberung durchzuführen.
  13. Anlage nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Reinigungseinheit (3) mindestens eine Körnersiebmaschine und eine Maschine zur densimetrischen Trennung umfasst.
  14. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Trennungseinheit (5) mindestens eine horizontale Schälmaschine (5A) umfasst, um die mechanische Trennung des Keims vom Mehlkörper sicherzustellen.
  15. Anlage nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schälmaschine (5A) mit einem feststehenden Gitter ausgerüstet ist, das mit Löchern mit einer Maschenweite von ungefähr 1,3 mm versehen isL, wobei das Gitter an seiner Oberfläche mit vorspringenden Elementen versehen isL, welche Unebenheiten bilden.
  16. Anlage nach einen der Ansprüche 12 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Trennungseinheit (8) nach der Schälmaschine mindestens eine Windfege mit Luftrückführung aufweist.
  17. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Trennungseinheit (12) mindestens ein Doppelsieb umfasst.
  18. Anlage nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Doppelsieb ein Sieb in der Größenordnung von 1000 µm und ein Sieb in der Größenordnung von 630 µm aufweist.
  19. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Säuberungseinheit (20) mindestens eine Grießputzmaschine (20A) und vorzugsweise zwei aufeinanderfolgende Grießputzmaschinen umfasst.
EP20020356064 2001-04-04 2002-04-04 Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Hart-Weizenkeimen und Anlage zur Ausführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP1247579B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0104591A FR2823074B1 (fr) 2001-04-04 2001-04-04 Procede d'extraction du germe de ble dur et installation de mise en oeuvre
FR0104591 2001-04-04

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EP1247579A1 EP1247579A1 (de) 2002-10-09
EP1247579B1 true EP1247579B1 (de) 2010-03-31

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DE (1) DE60235783D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2343566T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2823074B1 (de)

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CN114433299B (zh) * 2022-02-18 2023-05-12 河南华泰粮油机械股份有限公司 一种大型大豆加工厂高效提取胚芽生产工艺

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FR1334115A (fr) * 1961-09-19 1963-08-02 Ocrim Spa Procédé pour l'extraction du germe de grains de maïs ou autres
CH624020A5 (de) * 1977-09-30 1981-07-15 Buehler Ag Geb

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ES2343566T3 (es) 2010-08-04
FR2823074A1 (fr) 2002-10-11
EP1247579A1 (de) 2002-10-09
FR2823074B1 (fr) 2004-04-16
DE60235783D1 (de) 2010-05-12

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