EP1239215A2 - Lighting device for illuminating rooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a hollow body bounded by a wall (15) provided with reflective inner surfaces for multiple reflection of light. The inner surfaces (14) of the hollow body have a degree of reflection of at least 90 per cent and are light scattering. The wall of the hollow body has at least one light outlet opening (16) penetrating the wall.

Description

The present invention relates to a luminous element for illuminating rooms with a hollow body bounded by a wall, which is used for multiple reflection of light inside is provided with reflective inner surfaces.

Luminous elements for illuminating rooms are in one in the state of the art great variety and known in a wide variety of forms. The different Characteristics of light fixtures depend on the type of use. Here one can generally distinguish between luminous bodies, which the punctual Illuminate a specific area. For this genus of lights are as Example a reading lamp or a spotlight for illuminating stages in To lead theaters or the like. Another type of light fixture is used the illumination of rooms as evenly as possible. For this purpose ceiling washlights, arrangement of fluorescent tubes etc. are often used. The Task of selective illumination of certain limited areas as well as that of evenly illuminating rooms often occurs simultaneously closed rooms. In the prior art, this often has to be solved Different types of lamps used in combination become. Often, however, the task set is also determined by the Combination of different types of lights not completely solved. Common Problems are further that undesirable with different types of lights Color effects due to a restricted spectrum of the emitted light are caused. For example, a mercury vapor lamp through the one in the Light source present "mercury sump" down through brown light down, while the portion of the light emitted that is not the swamp must penetrate, has a blue color. Furthermore, people in the rooms to be illuminated partly by those used in the prior art Illuminated body. Due to the lamp design (socket, base, crushing ...) as well as the properties of the light sources used are common Luminous bodies according to the prior art in different spatial directions emitted different amounts of light (intensity), which means with common reflectors an even distribution hardly can be achieved. The other way around is given by the given task specific luminaire, the external shape of the luminaire is often largely what means a severe limitation in the design of a lamp.

From the documents DE 4 439 507 A1 and US 4,459,642 A luminous elements are included Hollow bodies are known in which the hollow bodies have reflecting inner surfaces. Both the sunlight and the light sources shown in these writings artificial light irradiated. A leveling or takes place in the hollow body Mixing of the light radiated by the different light sources instead. This Leveling is based on a multiple reflection of what is radiated into the hollow body Light on its reflective inner surfaces. The light emission from the In US 4,459,642 A, the luminous element takes place via semi-transparent areas in the Wall of the hollow body and in DE 4 439 507 A1 via so-called Light exit systems in which the light is also over semi-transparent areas can leak. All the luminous elements shown in these writings have the disadvantage that that it does not, however, for uniform and sufficiently bright room lighting for targeted lighting of limited sub-rooms with increased light requirements such as to Illumination of workplaces can be used. This is enough with the in the prior art known generic body in the respective hollow bodies do not produce luminance.

The object of the invention is therefore to create a generic luminous element, in which the disadvantages mentioned above are eliminated.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the inner surfaces of the hollow body have a reflectance of at least 90% and are light-scattering are and in the wall of the hollow body at least one the wall Breakthrough light exit opening is provided.

In contrast to the generic lights known in the prior art it is thus provided according to the invention that the luminous element has a wall of the hollow body has a light outlet opening. This targeted Light decoupling can be used for concentrated lighting of limited areas, however can also be used for the targeted illumination of rooms. Here will overall a significantly improved illumination than with that in the prior art Known hollow body lights achieved, because this only the light via semi-transparent Submit areas. The use of light exit openings according to the invention is only possible with a sufficiently high luminance inside the filament. The high luminance and thus economical operation of such lights a correspondingly high luminaire operating efficiency is only possible through the reflectance according to the invention of the inner surfaces of the hollow body of at least 90% possible. Due to the light-scattering design of the inner surfaces of the hollow body is also achieved on the one hand that light sources or other components not be shown to the outside within the hollow body. On the other hand the light-scattering effect of the inner surfaces results in that of the filament only pleasantly diffusely scattered light is emitted. Scattering light here not only a perfect direction-independent ideal spread but in generally refers to an expansion of the reflected light beam. Overall is the light-scattering effect according to the invention characterized in that the Luminous light leaving no longer has preferred directions. This can, as stated below, can be achieved through various measures.

The luminance in a hollow body with a largely closed inner surface increases with increasing reflectivity from a luminance = 0 at one Reflectivity = 0% theoretically up to an infinitely large luminance a reflectance of the inner surfaces of 100%. Therefore, the interior surfaces of the hollow body in preferred embodiments a reflectance greater than 95% or 97% or greater than 98% or 99%. It applies that the above described effect according to the invention can be exploited the better the closer the reflectance of the inner surface of the hollow body approaches 100%.

Since all openings in the hollow body of the filament are not or only slightly reflective surfaces, the effective reflectance of the inner surfaces is determined by it diminishes. This leads to a reduction in the luminance inside the Luminous body or the hollow body. It is therefore favorable that the ratio of the Inner surface of the wall of the hollow body to the sum of all surfaces of all openings, preferably all light exit openings, larger than in the wall of the hollow body 5: 1, preferably greater than 10: 1. Depending on the task of the filament Favorably also a ratio of the area of the wall of the hollow body to Sum of all areas of all openings in the wall of the hollow body greater than 20: 1 or greater than 30: 1 or preferably even greater than 40: 1.

Overall, a luminous element can only be operated sensibly if its efficiency Eta is above a certain minimum value. The efficiency Eta depends on the inner surface of the wall, the sum of all surfaces of all openings and on the reflectance of the inner surfaces. In a favorable embodiment variant it is therefore provided that the inner surface A0 of the wall of the hollow body, the sum A1 of all surfaces of all openings in the wall and the reflectance Rho when calculating the efficiency Eta according to the formula Eta = Rho xf / (1 - Rho (1 - f)) gives an efficiency Eta of at least 40%, preferably at least 65%, where f = A1 / (A1 + A0). The efficiency Eta is generally defined as the ratio of the luminous flux that exits the hollow body through A1 to the luminous flux of the supplying light sources. It is practical to provide in many embodiments of luminous bodies that the area of the light exit opening (s) is kept as small as possible, since this simplifies further light control of the light flux emitted through the light exit openings by appropriate optics. This is the case, for example, if further light-directing reflectors are to be used. From the formula given above for the efficiency Eta, it follows, for example, that if an efficiency of 65% is to be achieved with the good reflectivities of approximately 85% known in the prior art, the area ratio f should be more than 32%. However, if a high reflectance of, for example, 95% is used, the area ratio f has a value of 9.7%, which in turn means that the area of the light exit openings can be kept considerably smaller thanks to the high reflectance without loss of efficiency in Purchase would have to be taken. With correspondingly higher degrees of reflection, correspondingly smaller light exit openings can be used with constant efficiency.

A preferred embodiment of the luminous element according to the invention provides that in the filament at least one light inlet opening preferably to the inlet of daylight and / or sunlight and / or at least one artificial light source is arranged. The hollow body with a diffusely reflecting inner surface can also be a or have several light entry opening (s) to alternatively or additionally to one integrated light source natural or artificial light from the outside through the Feed openings into the hollow body. Due to the multiple reflection of the light the inner surfaces of the hollow body is the position of the light inlet opening or Artificial light source in the hollow body of the filament regardless of the Luminous element total emitted luminous effect. This enables a very large one Freedom in the design of the shape of the light body. It also guarantees that the light distribution emerging from the light exit opening is always diffusely scattered and regardless of the light distribution of the light source located in the hollow body and regardless of the light distribution of those flowing in through the inlet opening Is light source. When both natural and artificial light enter the hollow body is irradiated, the proportion can be controlled accordingly artificial light an almost uniform intensity of that of the filament emitted light with the maximum possible proportion of sunlight over the entire Daily routine can be maintained indoors.

A preferred embodiment provides that two or more in the filament Light sources or light inlet openings, preferably for the admission of daylight and / or sunlight are arranged, the multiple reflection at the highly reflective inner surfaces the light introduced into the hollow body, preferably practically completely, mixes. This is how light in different colors becomes, whether it is now from one or different light sources in the hollow body of the Luminous body is irradiated in the manner by multiple reflections of the light the inner surfaces of the hollow body mixed so that it is always the light exit surfaces Mixed light, preferably white light, leaves. So daylight with artificial light or different colored light from different light sources in the hollow body of the Luminous body can be mixed specifically.

Due to the light mixing effect of the luminous element according to the invention, it can also be designed such that at least one light source is provided, which in different spatial directions different colored light with different Spectral distribution emits, whereby the multiple reflection of the light at the highly reflective inner surface of the hollow body the light of different spectral Light distribution or color distribution - preferably to white light - mixes. in this connection can alternatively also be provided that two or more light sources are provided are the light with different spectral light distribution or different Radiate color content, whereby the multiple reflection of light at the highly reflective inner surface of the hollow body the light of different spectral Distribution - preferably to white light - mixes.

In addition to the color mixture, an embodiment of the Luminous body can also be used, the directional dependence of the intensity of light, which is caused by the emission characteristics of a light source, to eliminate. A preferred embodiment provides that at least one Light source is provided which has light in different spatial directions emits different intensities, whereby the multiple reflection of the light at the highly reflective inner surface of the hollow body causes the intensity of the from the luminous element - preferably via at least one light exit opening - emitted light is completely independent of direction. Through the (diffuse) Multiple reflections on the inside become independent of their original Radiation characteristics of every light source (parallel sunlight, diffuse Fluorescent lamp light, incandescent light etc.) into a "diffuse beam Area light source "converted, which - preferably with reflectors - good is manageable. The leveling of the intensity achieved by the multiple reflection, the direction and the color content of the light emitted by the light source Light is especially for the use of different colored dots and linear light sources or different colored high pressure discharge lamps Cheap. In addition, the leveling effect can also be achieved when using several semiconductor light sources (e.g. LEDs) can be used.

The highly reflective properties of the inner surface of the invention Hollow bodies can, as already mentioned above, by various measures can be achieved. A preferred variant provides that the light-scattering highly reflective inner surfaces, at least in some areas, preferably completely, have a light-scattering, preferably white, film. Such a white film can e.g. made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In another Alternatively, it can also be provided that the light-scattering, highly reflective inner surfaces at least in some areas, preferably complete, a light scattering roughened, matted or etched Have surface.

Deviating from these two options can also be provided be that the light-scattering highly reflective inner surfaces at least partially completely preferably one - preferably made of knobs, Multiple edging, creasing or other straight or crooked bumps-light-scattering macroscopic surface structure. In this form of Training of the highly reflective light-scattering inner surfaces can even be provided that the macroscopic surface structure of shiny or high-gloss material. An example of this variant is e.g. in this, a high-gloss film or a high-gloss reflector plate, the surface of which nubbed, grooved, multiple edged or the like is used. In this way, too, can reflectivities of the inner surfaces of the hollow body greater than 95% or 98% can be achieved. All these different variants of the Formation of the highly reflective light-scattering inner surfaces is, however together, that ultimately the lamp through the light exit opening leaving light is pleasantly diffused.

A particularly preferred embodiment provides that at least one light-directing, preferably parabolically shaped, mirror optics or another Light guiding device arranged in the region of the light exit opening of the luminous element is and the emerging light limited angularly. Alternatively, you can Refractor optics or diffractor optics are used. This will, on the one hand causes the emerging light on the surface to be illuminated as required is focused specifically. On the other hand, it prevents a person from going out the light emitting light is dazzled. In addition, panels can also be used be provided inside the hollow body, these diaphragms providing a direct view prevent the light source or the light inlet opening in the hollow body.

A preferred embodiment of the luminous element according to the invention provides that it has a preferably diffusely scattering, for the non-reflected light component in the has substantially translucent wall. This makes one special uniform and pleasant illumination of a room. Through the through the high reflectance generated, highly concentrated luminance within the The very small cavity of the filament does not reach the inner surface of the Hollow body reflected but diffusely scattered transmitted through the wall Light component for uniform lighting that is pleasant for the human eye of a room. Through the transmission of the non-reflecting residual light the wall thus increases the efficiency of the filament, since almost all the light, however injected, leaves the filament as useful light.

To prevent unnecessary heating of the wall or the filament it is favorable that the wall or the luminous element contains as little light energy as possible Form of heat absorbed. This is especially true for those outside of the visible Range lying spectral ranges of the light, in particular for the infrared Wavelength range. The low heat absorption can be achieved by a high transmittance. Above all, there is good transmission of the infrared wavelength ranges of light in the foreground. So is the use of interior surfaces with a reflectance of at least 90% for visible ones Light components and a degree of reflection of only approx. 20% for the infrared range very cheap. Alternatively, cooling fins or the like can also be used Hollow body may be provided. Another one looks to prevent burns Variant of thermal contact protection e.g. in the form of grids, plastic ribs or the like.

If the surface A0 of the hollow body is to be kept as small as possible, one should be used To prevent inadmissible heating of the hollow body, make sure that the The heat transfer coefficient k of the wall of the hollow body is sufficiently large. The equation A0 = P / (dT * k) allows P and a maximum permissible temperature increase dT the minimum required Heat transfer coefficient k of the material used for the wall is calculated become.

A preferred embodiment provides that the filament preferably cuboid hollow body, which with a highly reflective film is lined, wherein at least one lamp or at least in the hollow body a light entry opening, - preferably for daylight and / or sunlight - and at least one diaphragm is arranged, the direct radiation component being masked out is. This makes dazzling people otherwise very pleasant targeted light distribution prevented.

Fig. 1 bis 3

eine schematische Darstellung einer Glühlampe bzw. von Leuchtkörpern nach dem Stand der Technik,

Fig. 4 bis 10

verschiedene erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsformen eines Leuchtkörpers,

Fig. 11 bis 14

verschiedene Ausführungsvarianten von Spiegeloptiken, Refraktoroptiken und Diffraktoroptiken.

Further features and details of the present invention result from the following description of the figures. Show

1 to 3

1 shows a schematic illustration of an incandescent lamp or of luminous bodies according to the prior art,

4 to 10

different embodiments of a luminous element according to the invention,

11 to 14

different versions of mirror optics, refractor optics and diffractor optics.

The disadvantages of are shown in the schematic representations in FIGS shown numerous lighting fixtures known in the prior art. Fig. 1 shows a simple light bulb, in the direction of the socket of the light bulb none Light is emitted. This is a schematic example of light sources in usually a directional dependence in the emitted intensity of the light exhibit. In Fig. 2, this is based on a located in a filament 2 Light source 1 clarifies. The light source 1 in Fig. 2 emits in different Directions light with different intensity. This ultimately results in that in the angular range perpendicularly under the light source 1 or the light exit opening 3 of the Luminous body 2 light is emitted with a relatively high intensity. This is illustrated schematically by the light beam 4. In contrast, the Intensity of the emitted light with increasing angle against the through Beam 4 shows the vertical direction of radiation. This will increase the light intensity the sides less. This laterally emitted light of lower intensity exemplified by rays 5 and 6.

In addition to the problem of the directional dependence of the intensity of the emitted light in the case of luminous elements according to the prior art, the prior art also includes various light sources also the problem that a directional dependence in the spectral distribution of the emitted light exists. This is shown in FIG. 3 a schematic representation of a filament with a discharge lamp shown. A lamp sump 9 forms on the bottom of a discharge lamp 8 changes the spectral content (color) of the light passing through it. Thus, the light generated by the gas discharge lamp is passed through the Filtered lamp sump 9 such that it is the gas discharge lamp as a brown light leaves towards the bottom. Such a light beam with brown light is shown schematically as Beam 10 shown in Fig. 3. In contrast to this, the beam path 11 does not lead through the lamp sump and the light running on its way is therefore not filtered through the lamp sump. It leaves on its way through a reflection on Reflector 7 the gas discharge lamp as blue light. The overall lighting effect of one Such a luminous element is thus characterized in that 12 Annoying color spots exist, since the plane of use 12 also has areas different colored light is illuminated. These problems discussed here previous lighting technology can also not by the state of the art Known hollow body lights can be solved sufficiently, since these are not for targeted Delimited areas (e.g. workplaces) can be used can.

4 now shows an embodiment of a luminous element according to the invention. The Light emitted by the light source 13 becomes highly reflective on the light-scattering trained inner surface 14 of the hollow body 15 reflected several times before a part of light through the light exit opening 16 leaves the filament. The light-scattering highly reflective properties of the inner surfaces 14 can in all Embodiments e.g. through suitable coats, macroscopic Surface structures or the gluing of suitable foils can be achieved. Such foils can e.g. from polytetraethylene foils or from multilayer polymeric films with an outer layer of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) be formed.

At the light exit opening 16, mirror optics 17 or one can be used as required other light-directing device (see. Fig. 11 to 14) are attached. Here is provided that a wide variety of mirror grid optics to the light exit opening be attached and thus a variety of different to each Adapted lighting effects can be achieved. The aperture 18 prevents that light directly from the lamp 13 through the light exit opening 16 Can leave filament. This prevents a person from directly light emitted by the light source is dazzled. That through the Light exit opening 16 is the light leaving the filament before leaving the Luminous body multiple light scattering on the highly reflective inner surface 14 has been reflected and is therefore a completely directional, spectral completely mixed, pleasant diffuse light. In addition to lighting the Space through the light exit opening 16 can also diffuse light from the filament through the wall of the hollow body 15 when the wall of the Hollow body 15 is designed to be translucent. It should be noted that despite the high reflectance of the inner surface 14 of the hollow body 15 one for the Illumination of a room sufficient amount of light by the highly reflective Inner surface and the wall of the hollow body 15 can be transmitted since one with a suitable wall whose absorption is negligible and others due to the multiple reflection such a high luminance in the interior 19 of the hollow body is generated that the small percentage of the transmitted Low light is still sufficient to pleasantly illuminate rooms. The Ratio between that emerging through the wall 15 of the filament Light and the amount of light emerging through the light exit opening 16 essentially by the ratio of the area of the light exit opening 16 and the total area of the highly reflective inner wall 14 of the hollow body 15 determined and can be adapted to the respective need. So it's one precise control between the proportions of general room lighting with pleasant diffuse light and the concentrated illumination of limited areas possible.

A corresponding design of the luminous element according to the invention can limit glare in all spatial directions for angular ranges above 65 ° to the vertical to less than 1000 cd / m ² for office workplaces.

Fig. 5 shows a variant with two light sources 13, in which the hollow body 15 one overall oval cross-sectional shape and an integrated in the wall Has mirror grid optics 17. Fig. 6 shows schematically a variant with several Light exit openings 16.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which parallel sunlight enters the interior 19 of the hollow body 15 through a light entry opening 20. By multiple reflection of the incoming light on the highly reflective trained inner surface 14 of the hollow body 15, the incoming sunlight in a completely directional diffuse light transforms and then occurs out of the light exit opening 16. In addition, the wall 15 of the Hollow body can be designed to be translucent, which means that part of the light can pass through the wall 15 of the luminous body is transported and as diffusely scattered light is delivered. As in the embodiment in FIG Fig. 4 also attached a mirror raster optics 17 adapted to the respective need become. The aperture 18 in turn prevents that through the light entry opening 20th Sunlight entering the lamp directly through the light exit opening 16 leaves again before it is repeatedly reflected on the inner walls 14.

The transport of sunlight to the filament can, as in the prior art known, in a channel made of fully reflecting prisms or in optical fibers respectively. As an alternative, highly reflective mirror materials are also possible. Generally, as a system for collecting, bundling and transporting the Sunlight up to the room to be illuminated Devices according to the state of the art Technology can be used. A preferred embodiment of this provides that the luminous element is optically connected to a heliostat via a light guide, which guides the sunlight through the light guide into the filament. The heliostat consists essentially of an arrangement according to the prior art of mirrors, the alignment of which is adjusted to the course of the sun, so that as long as possible the optimal amount of light is coupled into the light pipe.

In addition to the light entry opening 20 through which sunlight or the light from external artificial light sources, an additional artificial light source 13 is attached. This combination of at least one Light entry opening and at least one additional light source is said to be the schematic A multitude of possible combinations between artificial and natural light or different artificial light sources with different radiation characteristics and the emitted radiation distributions of light.

In Fig. 8 is a variant for exploiting the mixing effect of the Multiple reflection of the incident light in the hollow body of the invention Luminous body clarified. Here is an example of a multitude of small ones Light sources (e.g. different colored LEDs) arranged in the hollow body.

In addition to mixing to white mixed light can be by using corresponding light sources, which light with preferred spectral distributions Radiate (colors), also mixed light with a special color effect if necessary.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment variant in which a fluorescent tube is used as the light source 13 is arranged in the hollow body. 10 schematically shows a variant in which the light-scattering effect of the inner surfaces 14 of the hollow body by a macroscopic surface structure is achieved. In this variant, the Internal surfaces can even be made glossy because of the light-scattering effect Surface structure is achieved.

Overall, the use of the highly reflective according to the invention results Inner surfaces of the hollow body that the light ultimately emitted by the hollow body regardless of the actual shape of the hollow body and thus the luminous body is almost completely diffuse and independent of direction. This means one great freedom in the design of the filament, without its lighting effect would be adversely affected. It is generally favorable that the ratio between the surface of the hollow body and the enclosed volume of the Hollow body not twice this ratio for a sphere with the same Volume exceeds. As a further dimensioning guideline can also be taken into account that the maximum diagonal dimension is not greater than that Is three times the minimum diagonal dimension. With elypsoid-shaped or spherical hollow bodies generally have a particularly high efficiency reached. Other cheap shapes are composed of planes Surface segments or from cylindrical rolled surface segments and / or cone-shaped rolled surface segments. These forms are beneficial as they simply from a film material by rolling, edging and joining can be produced. Other inexpensive shapes are essentially convex Polyhedra, e.g. regular polyhedra (tetrahedron, octahedron, decahedron and Icosahedra) and distorted regular polyhedra (e.g. cuboids and general pyramids). These embodiments have the advantage that they consist of a few levels Surface segments exist and are therefore also easy to manufacture can.

As already mentioned, the type of light exit from the light exit opening 16 can be influenced by different types of light directing device. Fig. 11 and 12 show, as a variant, different mirror optics 17. In the case of FIG. 13 shown variant is used to influence the emerging light in essentially plate-shaped transparent body with schematically defractive Structures such as Prisms, truncated pyramids or totally reflective Cavities with possibly partially reflective surface coatings used. The refractive structures 21 have the advantage that they are flat and small can be designed and have hardly any absorption losses. The in the Light components reflected back from the cavity emerge again from the cavity, after being repeatedly reflected on the various inner surfaces. This in 14 shows an embodiment essentially plate-shaped body with schematically drawn optical Diffraction structures. These structures are called holographic or optical elements defractive optical elements or as computer-generated diffraction structures as so-called "Kinoforms" or "binary optics" known. Have the defractive structures the same benefits as refractive structures 21. They can also be very inexpensive reproduced and produced.

Claims (13)

Luminous body for illuminating rooms with a hollow body bounded by a wall, which is provided with reflective inner surfaces for multiple reflection of light inside, characterized in that the inner surfaces (14) of the hollow body have a degree of reflection of at least 90% and are designed to be light-scattering and in the wall (15) of the hollow body is provided with at least one light exit opening (16) which breaks through the wall (15). Luminous body according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surfaces (14) of the hollow body have a reflectance greater than 95% - preferably greater than 98%. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the ratio of the inner surface of the wall (15) of the hollow body to the sum of all surfaces of all openings, preferably all light exit openings (16), in the wall (15) of the hollow body is greater than 5: 1, preferably greater than 10: 1. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that from the inner surface A0 of the wall (15) of the hollow body, the sum A1 of all surfaces of all openings (16, 20) in the wall (15) and from the reflectance Rho the calculation of the efficiency Eta according to the formula Eta = Rho xf / (1 - Rho (1 - f)) gives an efficiency Eta of at least 40%, preferably of at least 65%, where f = A1 / (A1 + A0) , Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one light inlet opening (20) - preferably for the admission of daylight and / or sunlight - and / or at least one artificial light source (13) is arranged in it. Luminous body according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two or more light sources (13) or light inlet openings (20) are arranged in it, preferably for the admission of daylight and / or sunlight, the multiple reflection on the highly reflective inner surfaces (14 ) the light introduced into the hollow body - preferably practically completely - mixes. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the light-scattering, highly reflective inner surfaces have, at least in regions, preferably completely, a light-scattering, preferably white, film. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the light-scattering, highly reflective inner surfaces (14) have a light-scattering roughened, matted or etched surface, at least in regions, preferably completely. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the light-scattering, highly reflective inner surfaces (14) at least in some areas preferably completely have a light-scattering macroscopic surface structure, preferably formed from knobs, multiple edging, grooves or other straight or oblique unevenness. Luminous body according to claim 9, characterized in that the macroscopic surface structure consists of glossy or high-gloss material. Luminous element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one light-directing, preferably parabolically shaped, mirror optic (17) or another light-directing device is arranged in the region of the light exit opening (16) of the luminous element and limits the angle of the emerging light. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one light-directing refractor optic or diffractor optic is arranged in the region of the light exit opening (16) of the luminous body and limits the emerging light in terms of angle. Luminous body according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has a preferably diffusely scattering wall (15) which is essentially translucent for the non-reflected light component.

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