EP1235033B1 - Annular combustor and method of operating the same - Google Patents

Annular combustor and method of operating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1235033B1
EP1235033B1 EP02405087A EP02405087A EP1235033B1 EP 1235033 B1 EP1235033 B1 EP 1235033B1 EP 02405087 A EP02405087 A EP 02405087A EP 02405087 A EP02405087 A EP 02405087A EP 1235033 B1 EP1235033 B1 EP 1235033B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premix
combustion chamber
annular combustion
burners
burner
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EP02405087A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1235033A2 (en
EP1235033A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Christian Oliver Dr. Paschereit
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an annular combustion chamber and to an annular combustion chamber with a plurality of circularly arranged premix burners, in each of which a fuel-air mixture is generated before it is brought to ignition and used as a hot gas stream for driving at least one turbine stage of a gas turbine plant ,
  • premix combustion When burning liquid or gaseous fuel in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, so-called premix combustion has become established.
  • the fuel and the combustion air are mixed as uniformly as possible and then passed into the combustion chamber.
  • annular combustion chambers which provides a plurality of individual Vormischhbrenner in a circular arrangement around the rotating components of a gas turbine and their hot gases over a ring-shaped flow channel can be supplied directly to the downstream turbine stage.
  • a related Ringbrennkamer premix burners for a gas turbine is for example from the EP-B1-597 138 known.
  • the premix burners provided at the top end of the annular combustion chamber are known, for example, from US Pat EP-A1-387 532 known.
  • Such premix burners are so-called double-cone burners.
  • this type of premix burner consists of two hollow, conical body parts, which are nested in the flow direction. The respective central axes of the two body parts are offset from each other. The adjacent walls of the two body parts form in their longitudinal extent tangential slots for the combustion air, which passes in this way into the burner interior.
  • a fuel nozzle for liquid fuel is arranged. The fuel is injected at an acute angle into the hollow cone. The resulting conical liquid fuel profile is enclosed by the tangential incoming combustion air. In the axial direction, the concentration of the fuel is continuously reduced as a result of mixing with the combustion air.
  • the premix burner can also be operated with gaseous fuel.
  • gaseous fuel for this purpose, in the region of the tangential slots in the walls of the two partial bodies distributed in the longitudinal direction Gaseinströmö Samuelen, the so-called Premixbelochung provided.
  • the mixture formation with the combustion air thus begins already in the zone of the inlet slots. It is understood that in this way a mixed operation with both types of fuel is possible.
  • the most homogeneous possible fuel concentration is established over the applied annular cross-section. The result is a defined dome-shaped remindströmzone at the burner outlet at the top of the ignition.
  • the fuel distribution ie the mixture profile of the fuel / air mixture in the area of flame stabilization also plays a major role.
  • the mixing profile between fuel and air within the premix burner is determined by the premixing pattern, ie the spatial arrangement of the apertures typically distributed along the air inlet slots, through which premix fuel, preferably premix gas, is injected into the premix burner.
  • US 5 482 457 A describes a premix burner with a premix gas puff, with adjacent openings at a different distance from one another.
  • the invention is based on the object, a method for operating an annular combustion chamber and a related annular combustion chamber with a plurality of circularly arranged premix burners, in each of which a fuel-air mixture is generated before it brought to ignition and as a hot gas flow to drive at least one turbine stage of a gas turbine plant is used in such a way, that the above-mentioned disadvantages should be avoided.
  • measures should be taken that decisively counteract the combustion chamber pulsations that occur.
  • the burnout is to be completed and the occurring CO, UHC, NO x emissions reduced.
  • a method for operating a combustion chamber with a plurality of circularly arranged premix burners according to the preamble of claim 5 is designed such that the at least one premix burner generates a different from all other premix burners of the annular combustion chamber spatial mixing profile within the fuel-air mixture.
  • an annular combustion chamber according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that at least one premix burner within the annular combustion chamber having a deviating from all other premix burners Premixgasbelochung with at least one area in the adjacent openings of the Premixgasbelochung a different distance from each other have remaining region of the Premixgasbelochung, while all other premix burners within the annular combustion chamber have a uniformly distributed Premixgasbelochung.
  • the idea underlying the invention is based on the targeted breaking of the symmetry, which is structurally predetermined by the circular arrangement of a plurality of identically designed premix burners around the rotating components of a gas turbine plant. Since typically identical premix burners are arranged in a ring around the rotating components of the gas turbine plant, which each form identical mixing profiles within the individual fuel-air mixtures due to their identical design - this is the result of identical premixing pebbles -, the annular combustion chamber is formed in certain load ranges Circular rotating, pulsating waves that need to be specifically suppressed.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section along the line II in the FIG. 2 represented by two adjacent premix burners 1, 2, which are arranged side by side on an annular peripheral front plate 3 of an annular combustion chamber 13.
  • a schematic view along the line II-II in the FIG. 1 on the annular combustion chamber 13 is in the FIG. 2 visible, noticeable.
  • the cone-shaped premix burners 1, 2 have an outlet opening 4, 5, which open downstream into the combustion chamber 6.
  • the premix burners 1, 2 have along their air inlet slots 7, 8 a premix fuel purging 9, which consists of individual openings through which preferably gaseous fuel 10 into the interior of the cone-shaped premix burner 1, 2 opens.
  • the spatial distribution of the Premixgasbelochung 9 of the premix burner 1 is homogeneously distributed in a conventional manner, i. the Premixgaslöcher are arranged equidistant from each other. With such a Premixbelochungspattern a spatially uniformly distributed, homogeneous mixture profile 11 is usually achieved over the entire cross section of the outlet opening 4.
  • the premix burner 2 has two regions along the premixing pattern, in which the individual premix gas holes 9 have different distances from each other.
  • the premix burner 2 in which the downstream Premixlöcher have a greater mutual distance than upstream, we obtain a mixture profile 12, which is designed in the manner of a Gauss distribution.
  • At least three premix burners 2 should be formed in the above manner for effective prevention of said pulsations within the combustion chamber and circularly distributed uniformly around the annular combustion chamber 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Ringbrennkammer sowie auf eine Ringbrennkammer mit einer Vielzahl zirkular angeordneter Vormischbrenner, in denen jeweils ein Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch erzeugt wird bevor es zur Zündung gebracht und als Heissgasstrom zum Antrieb wenigstens einer Turbinenstufe einer Gasturbinenanlage genutzt wird.The invention relates to a method for operating an annular combustion chamber and to an annular combustion chamber with a plurality of circularly arranged premix burners, in each of which a fuel-air mixture is generated before it is brought to ignition and used as a hot gas stream for driving at least one turbine stage of a gas turbine plant ,

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei der Verbrennung flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes in einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbine hat sich die sogenannte Vormischverbrennung etabliert. Hierbei werden der Brennstoff und die Verbrennungsluft möglichst gleichmässig vorgemischt und anschliessend in die Brennkammer geleitet. Um ökologischen Gesichtspunkten gerecht zu werden, achtet man auf eine niedrige Flammentemperatur mittels einem grossen Luftüberschuss. Auf diese Weise kann die Stickoxidbildung klein gehalten werden.When burning liquid or gaseous fuel in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, so-called premix combustion has become established. Here, the fuel and the combustion air are mixed as uniformly as possible and then passed into the combustion chamber. In order to meet ecological criteria, one pays attention to a low flame temperature by means of a large excess of air. In this way, the nitrogen oxide formation can be kept small.

In diesem Zusammenhang haben sich sogenannte Ringbrennkammern durchgesetzt, die eine Vielzahl einzelner Vormischhbrenner in zirkulärer Anordnung um die rotierenden Komponenten einer Gasturbine vorsieht und deren Heissgase über einen ringförmig ausgebildeten Strömungskanal unmittelbar der nachgeordneten Turbinenstufe zugeführt werden.In this context, so-called annular combustion chambers have prevailed, which provides a plurality of individual Vormischhbrenner in a circular arrangement around the rotating components of a gas turbine and their hot gases over a ring-shaped flow channel can be supplied directly to the downstream turbine stage.

Eine diesbezügliche Ringbrennkamer mit Vormischbrennern für einer Gasturbine ist beispielsweise aus der EP-B1-597 138 bekannt. Die am Kopfende der Ringbrennkammer vorgesehenen Vormischbrenner sind beispielsweise aus der EP-A1-387 532 bekannt. Bei derartigen Vormischbrennern handelt es sich um sogenannte Doppelkegelbrenner. Im wesentlichen besteht diese Art von Vormischbrenner aus zwei hohlen, kegelförmigen Teilkörpern, die in Strömungsrichtung ineinandergeschachtelt sind. Dabei sind die jeweiligen Mittelachsen der beiden Teilkörper gegeneinander versetzt. Die benachbarten Wandungen der beiden Teilkörper bilden in deren Längserstreckung tangentiale Schlitze für die Verbrennungsluft, die auf diese Weise in das Brennerinnere gelangt. Dort ist eine Brennstoffdüse für flüssigen Brennstoff angeordnet. Der Brennstoff wird in einem spitzen Winkel in die Hohlkegel eingedüst. Das entstehende kegelige Flüssigbrennstoffprofil wird von der tangential einströmenden Verbrennungsluft umschlossen. In axialer Richtung wird die Konzentration des Brennstoffes fortlaufend infolge der Vermischung mit der Verbrennungsluft abgebaut.A related Ringbrennkamer premix burners for a gas turbine is for example from the EP-B1-597 138 known. The premix burners provided at the top end of the annular combustion chamber are known, for example, from US Pat EP-A1-387 532 known. Such premix burners are so-called double-cone burners. In essence, this type of premix burner consists of two hollow, conical body parts, which are nested in the flow direction. The respective central axes of the two body parts are offset from each other. The adjacent walls of the two body parts form in their longitudinal extent tangential slots for the combustion air, which passes in this way into the burner interior. There, a fuel nozzle for liquid fuel is arranged. The fuel is injected at an acute angle into the hollow cone. The resulting conical liquid fuel profile is enclosed by the tangential incoming combustion air. In the axial direction, the concentration of the fuel is continuously reduced as a result of mixing with the combustion air.

Der Vormischbrenner kann ebenfalls mit gasförmigem Brennstoff betrieben werden. Hierzu sind im Bereich der tangentialen Schlitze in den Wandungen der beiden Teilkörper in Längsrichtung verteilte Gaseinströmöffnungen, die sogenannten Premixbelochung, vorgesehen. Im Gasbetrieb beginnt die Gemischbildung mit der Verbrennungslufl somit bereits in der Zone der Eintrittsschlitze. Es versteht sich, dass auf diese Weise auch ein Mischbetrieb mit beiden Brennstoffarten möglich ist. Am Brenneraustritt stellt sich eine möglichst homogene Brennstoffkonzentration über dem beaufschlagten kreisringförmigen Querschnitt ein. Es entsteht am Brenneraustritt eine definierte kalottenförmige Rückströmzone, an deren Spitze die Zündung erfolgt.The premix burner can also be operated with gaseous fuel. For this purpose, in the region of the tangential slots in the walls of the two partial bodies distributed in the longitudinal direction Gaseinströmöffnungen, the so-called Premixbelochung provided. In gas operation, the mixture formation with the combustion air thus begins already in the zone of the inlet slots. It is understood that in this way a mixed operation with both types of fuel is possible. At the burner outlet, the most homogeneous possible fuel concentration is established over the applied annular cross-section. The result is a defined dome-shaped Rückströmzone at the burner outlet at the top of the ignition.

Nun ist aus verschiedenen Druckschriften, beispielsweise Combust. Sci. and Tech. 1992, Vol. 87, Seiten 329 bis 362 bekannt, dass bei einer perfekt vorgemischten Flamme die Größe der Rückströmzone, die gleichbedeutend ist mit dem sogenannten Flammenstabilisationsgebiet, keinen Einfluss auf die Stickoxydemissionen hat.Now is from various pamphlets, for example Combust. Sci. and tech. 1992, Vol. 87, pages 329-362 It is known that in the case of a perfectly premixed flame, the size of the backflow zone, which is synonymous with the so-called flame stabilization area, has no influence on the nitrogen oxide emissions.

Andererseits jedoch werden die Kohlenoxydemissionen sowie die Emissionen hinsichtlich ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe (UHC) und im speziellen die Löschgrenzen der jeweiligen Vormischbrenner durch die Größe der Rückströmzone stark beeinflusst. Dies bedeutet, dass je größer die Rückströmzone ausgebildet ist, umso mehr fallen die Kohlenoxydemissionen, die Emissionen hinsichtlich ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie die Löschgrenze. Dies hat auch zur Folge, dass mit einer größeren Rückströmzone ein größerer Lastbereich des Vormischbrenners abgedeckt werden kann, ohne dass dabei die Flamme gelöscht wird. Neben der Größe der Rückströmzone, die wie vorstehend erläutert, entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Betriebsweise der einzelnen Vormischbrenner hat, spielt auch die Brennstoffverteilung, d.h. das Mischungsprofil des Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisches im Bereich der Flammenstabilisation eine große Rolle. In an sich bekannter Weise wird das Mischungsprofil zwischen Brennstoff und Luft innerhalb des Vormischbrenners durch das Premixbelochungspattern bestimmt, d.h. die räumliche Anordnung der typischerweise entlang der Lufteintrittsschlitze verteilten Öffnungen, durch die Premixbrennstoff, vorzugsweise Premixgas, in das Innere des Vormischbrenners eingedüst wird. US 5 482 457 A beschreibt einen Vormischbrenner mit einer Premixgasbelochung, wobei benachbarte Öffnungen einen unterschiedlichen Abstand zueinander aufweisen.On the other hand, however, carbon monoxide emissions, as well as unsaturated hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions, and in particular the extinction limits of the respective premix burners, are strongly influenced by the size of the backflow zone. This means that the larger the backflow zone is formed, the more the carbon monoxide emissions, the unsaturated hydrocarbon emissions and the quench limit fall. This also has the consequence that with a larger backflow zone, a larger load range of the premix burner can be covered without the flame being extinguished. In addition to the size of the backflow zone, which, as explained above, has a decisive influence on the mode of operation of the individual premix burners, the fuel distribution, ie the mixture profile of the fuel / air mixture in the area of flame stabilization also plays a major role. In a manner known per se, the mixing profile between fuel and air within the premix burner is determined by the premixing pattern, ie the spatial arrangement of the apertures typically distributed along the air inlet slots, through which premix fuel, preferably premix gas, is injected into the premix burner. US 5 482 457 A describes a premix burner with a premix gas puff, with adjacent openings at a different distance from one another.

Normalerweise werden bei Ringbrennkammern zum Betrieb einer Gasturbine sämtliche Vormischbrenner mit identischen Premixbelochungspattern bestückt. Es zeigt sich allerdings, dass durch die unterschiedlichen Lastbedingungen der Gasturbinenanlage Betriebsbereiche der Gasturbine entstehen, die durch starke Brennkammerpulsationen, schlechten Ausbrand hinsichtlich Kohlenoxydwerte und Werte ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie schlechtes Querzündverhalten der einzelnen Vormischbrenner gekennzeichnet sind. Dies gilt es entscheidend zu verbessern.Normally, in annular combustion chambers for operating a gas turbine, all premix burners are equipped with identical premix puffing patterns. It turns out, however, that due to the different load conditions of the gas turbine plant operating areas of the gas turbine arise, which are characterized by strong combustion chamber pulsations, poor burnout in terms of Kohlenoxydwerte and values of unsaturated hydrocarbons and poor Querzündverhalten the individual premix burners. This is crucial to improve.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Ringbrennkammer sowie eine diesbezügliche Ringbrennkammer mit einer Vielzahl zirkular angeordneter Vormischbrenner, in denen jeweils ein Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch erzeugt wird bevor es zur Zündung gebracht und als Heissgasstrom zum Antrieb wenigstens einer Turbinenstufe einer Gasturbinenanlage genutzt wird, derart weiterzubilden, dass die vorstehend genannten Nachteile vermieden werden sollen. Insbesondere sollen Maßnahmen getroffen werden, die entscheidend den auftretenden Brennkammerpulsationen entgegenwirken. Ferner sollen bereits aus umwelttechnischen Gründen und den immer strenger werdenden Vorgaben hinsichtlich Emissionswerten, der Ausbrand vervollständigt und die auftretenden CO-, UHC-, NOX-Emissionen reduziert werden.The invention is based on the object, a method for operating an annular combustion chamber and a related annular combustion chamber with a plurality of circularly arranged premix burners, in each of which a fuel-air mixture is generated before it brought to ignition and as a hot gas flow to drive at least one turbine stage of a gas turbine plant is used in such a way, that the above-mentioned disadvantages should be avoided. In particular, measures should be taken that decisively counteract the combustion chamber pulsations that occur. Furthermore, for environmental reasons and the increasingly stringent requirements with regard to emission values, the burnout is to be completed and the occurring CO, UHC, NO x emissions reduced.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer mit einer Vielzahl zirkular angeordneter Vormischbrenner gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5 derart ausgebildet, dass der wenigstens eine Vormischbrenner ein von allen anderen Vormischbrennern der Ringbrennkammer abweichendes räumliches Mischungsprofil innerhalb des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches erzeugt.According to the invention, a method for operating a combustion chamber with a plurality of circularly arranged premix burners according to the preamble of claim 5 is designed such that the at least one premix burner generates a different from all other premix burners of the annular combustion chamber spatial mixing profile within the fuel-air mixture.

Erfindungsgemäss wird die Aufgabe auch durch eine Ringbrennkammer gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens ein Vormischbrenner innerhalb der Ringbrennkammer eine von allen anderen Vormischbrennern abweichende Premixgasbelochung mit mindestens einem Bereich aufweist, in dem benachbarte Öffnungen der Premixgasbelochung einen unterschiedlichen Abstand zueinander gegenüber dem übrigen Bereich der Premixgasbelochung aufweisen, während alle anderen Vormischbrenner innerhalb der Ringbrennkammer eine gleichverteilte Premixgasbelochung aufweisen.According to the invention, the object is also achieved by an annular combustion chamber according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that at least one premix burner within the annular combustion chamber having a deviating from all other premix burners Premixgasbelochung with at least one area in the adjacent openings of the Premixgasbelochung a different distance from each other have remaining region of the Premixgasbelochung, while all other premix burners within the annular combustion chamber have a uniformly distributed Premixgasbelochung.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Idee geht von der gezielten Brechung der Symmetrie aus, die durch die zirkulare Anordnung einer Vielzahl von identisch ausgebildeten Vormischbrennern um die rotierenden Komponenten einer Gasturbinenanlage konstruktiv vorgegeben ist. Da üblicherweise im Aufbau identische Vormischbrenner ringförmig um die rotierenden Komponenten der Gasturbinenanlage angeordnet sind, die aufgrund ihrer identischen Ausbildung jeweils identische Mischungsprofile innerhalb der einzelnen Brennstoff-Luft-Gemische ausbilden - dies ist die Folge von identischen Premixbelochungspattern -, bilden sich in bestimmten Lastbereichen der Ringbrennkammer zirkular umlaufende, pulsierende Wellen aus, die es gilt, gezielt zu unterdrücken.The idea underlying the invention is based on the targeted breaking of the symmetry, which is structurally predetermined by the circular arrangement of a plurality of identically designed premix burners around the rotating components of a gas turbine plant. Since typically identical premix burners are arranged in a ring around the rotating components of the gas turbine plant, which each form identical mixing profiles within the individual fuel-air mixtures due to their identical design - this is the result of identical premixing pebbles -, the annular combustion chamber is formed in certain load ranges Circular rotating, pulsating waves that need to be specifically suppressed.

Zwingt man hingegen dem an sich bekannten symmetrischen Aufbau eine gezielte Asymmetrie auf, durch die die durch die konstruktive Identität aller Vormischbrenner erzeugte Symmetrie aufgebrochen wird, so können sich keine zirkular umlaufende Pulsationsschwingungen, die letztlich auf resonante Ursachen zurückführen lassen, einstellen.On the other hand, if one forces the symmetrical structure, which is known per se, to have a specific asymmetry, by which the symmetry generated by the constructive identity of all premix burners is broken, no circular orbiting pulsation oscillations, which can ultimately be attributed to resonant causes, can be established.

Eine derartige Asymmetrie wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erzwungen, indem wenigstens ein, vorzugsweise drei oder mehr Vormischbrenner eine unterschiedliche Premixbelochung aufweisen, deren Premixbelochungspattern sich von allen übrigen Vormischbrennern unterscheiden. Durch die gezielte Verwendung von von den üblicherweise gleich verteilten Premixbelochungspattern abweichende Premixbelochungspattern werden unterschiedliche Mischungsprofile erzeugt, die wiederum zu unterschiedlichen Ausbrandergebnissen führen. Dies führt letztlich zu einer entscheidenden Dämpfung bzw. Bekämpfung von sich üblicherweise in resonanter Form ausbildenden zirkular in der Ringbrennkammer umlaufenden Pulsationen. Insbesondere führt die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme zu folgenden Vorteilen:

  1. 1. stabilere Flammenposition
  2. 2. tiefere Emissionen hinsichtlich CO, UHC, NOX
  3. 3. vollständiger Ausbrand
  4. 4. größerer Betriebsbereich ohne Flammenlöschung
  5. 5. verbessertes Querzündverhalten zwischen zwei benachbarten Vormischbrennern, sowie
  6. 6. geringere Pulsationen.
Such asymmetry is inventively enforced by at least one, preferably three or more premix burners having a different premix puffing whose premix pebble patterns are different from all other premix burners. The selective use of premix pebble patterns, which deviate from the usually uniformly distributed premix pattering patterns, produces different mixture profiles, which in turn lead to different burnout results. Ultimately, this leads to a decisive damping or control of pulsations which normally form in a resonant form and circulate circularly in the annular combustion chamber. In particular, the measure according to the invention leads to the following advantages:
  1. 1. more stable flame position
  2. 2. lower emissions in terms of CO, UHC, NO X
  3. 3. complete burnout
  4. 4. Larger operating range without flame extinction
  5. 5. improved cross-ignition behavior between two adjacent premix burners, as well
  6. 6. lower pulsations.

Kurze Beschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung exemplarisch beschrieben, wobei

Fig.1
einen Längsschnitt durch zwei benachbarte zirkular innerhalb einer Ringbrennkammer angeordnete Vormischbrenner gemäss dem Schnitt I-I in der Figur 2 zeigt und
Fig.2
eine Ansicht gemäss der Linie II-II in der Figur 1 darstellt.
The invention will be described below without limiting the general inventive concept using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing by way of example, wherein
Fig.1
a longitudinal section through two adjacent circular arranged within an annular combustion chamber premix burner according to the section II in the FIG. 2 shows and
Fig.2
a view according to the line II-II in the FIG. 1 represents.

Es werden nur die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente dargestellt. Gleiche Elemente werden in verschiedenen Figuren gleich bezeichnet.Only the elements essential to the invention are shown. Identical elements are denoted the same in different figures.

Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche VerwendbarkeitWays to carry out the invention, industrial usability

In Fig. 1 ist ein Längsschnitt gemäss der Linie I-I in der Figur 2 durch zwei benachbarte Vormischbrenner 1, 2 dargestellt, die nebeneinander auf einer ringförmig umlaufenden Frontplatte 3 einer Ringbrennkammer 13 angeordnet sind. Eine schematische Ansicht gemäss der Linie II-II in der Figur 1 auf die Ringbrennkammer 13 ist in der Figur 2 sichtbar. Die kegelförmig ausgebildeten Vormischbrenner 1, 2 weisen eine Austrittsöffnung 4, 5 auf, die stromab in die Brennkammer 6 münden. Die Vormischbrenner 1, 2 weisen längs zu ihren Lufteintrittsschlitzen 7, 8 eine Premixbrennstoffbelochung 9 auf, die aus einzelnen Öffnungen besteht, durch die vorzugsweise gasförmiger Brennstoff 10 in das Innere der kegelförmig ausgebildeten Vormischbrenner 1, 2 einmündet.In Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section along the line II in the FIG. 2 represented by two adjacent premix burners 1, 2, which are arranged side by side on an annular peripheral front plate 3 of an annular combustion chamber 13. A schematic view along the line II-II in the FIG. 1 on the annular combustion chamber 13 is in the FIG. 2 visible, noticeable. The cone-shaped premix burners 1, 2 have an outlet opening 4, 5, which open downstream into the combustion chamber 6. The premix burners 1, 2 have along their air inlet slots 7, 8 a premix fuel purging 9, which consists of individual openings through which preferably gaseous fuel 10 into the interior of the cone-shaped premix burner 1, 2 opens.

Die räumliche Verteilung der Premixgasbelochung 9 des Vormischbrenners 1 ist in konventioneller Weise homogen verteilt, d.h. die Premixgaslöcher sind äquidistant voneinander beabstandet angeordnet. Mit einem derartigen Premixbelochungspattern wird üblicherweise ein räumlich gleichverteiltes, homogenes Mischungsprofil 11 über den gesamten Querschnitt der Austrittsöffnung 4 erzielt.The spatial distribution of the Premixgasbelochung 9 of the premix burner 1 is homogeneously distributed in a conventional manner, i. the Premixgaslöcher are arranged equidistant from each other. With such a Premixbelochungspattern a spatially uniformly distributed, homogeneous mixture profile 11 is usually achieved over the entire cross section of the outlet opening 4.

Demgegenüber weist der Vormischbrenner 2 zwei Bereiche entlang des Premixbelochungspatterns auf, in denen die einzelnen Premixgaslöcher 9 unterschiedliche Abstände zueinander aufweisen. Mit dem im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. 1 dargestellten Premixbelochungspattern des Vormischbrenners 2, bei dem die stromab angeordneten Premixlöcher einen größeren gegenseitigen Abstand aufweisen als stromauf, erhält man ein Mischungsprofil 12, das in Art einer Gaussverteilung ausgebildet ist. Durch das Vorsehen eines derartigen Vormischbrenners 2 in der zirkularen Gesamtanordnung aller Vormischbrenner innerhalb der Ringbrennkammer 13 kann eine gezielte Asymmetrie im Verbrennungsverhalten entlang der sich zirkular ausbildenden Heissgase eingebracht werden, wodurch, wie vorstehend ausgeführt, wirksam der Ausbildung von Brennkammerpulsationen entgegengetreten werden kann.In contrast, the premix burner 2 has two regions along the premixing pattern, in which the individual premix gas holes 9 have different distances from each other. With the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 illustrated Premixbelochungspattern the premix burner 2, in which the downstream Premixlöcher have a greater mutual distance than upstream, we obtain a mixture profile 12, which is designed in the manner of a Gauss distribution. By providing such a premix burner 2 in the circular overall arrangement of all premix burners within the annular combustion chamber 13, a targeted asymmetry in the combustion behavior along the circularly forming hot gases can be introduced, whereby, as stated above, effectively the formation of combustion chamber pulsations can be counteracted.

Wie in der Figur 2 angedeutet, sollten zur wirkungsvollen Vermeidung von den genannten Pulsationen innerhalb der Brennkammer mindestens drei Vormischbrenner 2 in vorstehender Weise ausgebildet und zirkular gleichverteilt um die Ringbrennkammer 13 angeordnet sein.Like in the FIG. 2 indicated, at least three premix burners 2 should be formed in the above manner for effective prevention of said pulsations within the combustion chamber and circularly distributed uniformly around the annular combustion chamber 13.

Ebenso ist es denkbar, das Premixbelochungspatterns des Vormischbrenners 2 zu invertieren, d.h. die gegenseitigen Abstände stromauf innerhalb des Vormischbrenners größer als die Premixöffnungen stromab des Vormischbrenners 2 auszubilden, wodurch ein entsprechend invertiertes Mischungsprofil bezüglich des in Fig. 1 unter Bezugnahme auf den Vormischbrenner 2 gezeigten Mischungsprofils erzeugt werden kann.It is also conceivable to invert the premixing pattern of the premix burner 2, ie to form the mutual distances upstream within the premix burner greater than the premix openings downstream of the premix burner 2, whereby a correspondingly inverted mixture profile with respect to the in Fig. 1 can be generated with reference to the premix burner 2 shown mixing profile.

Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, auch weitere, von der homogenen Premixbelochungsanordnung abweichende Premixbelochungspattern zu realisieren.Of course, it is also possible to realize other, deviating from the homogeneous Premixbelochungsanordnung Premixbelochungspattern.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 21, 2
Vormischbrennerpremix
33
Frontplatte der Ringbrennkammer 13Front plate of the annular combustion chamber 13
4, 54, 5
Austrittsöffnungenoutlet openings
66
Brennkammercombustion chamber
7, 87, 8
LufteintrittsschlitzAir inlet slot
99
PremixgaszuführöffnungenPremixgaszuführöffnungen
1010
Brennstofffuel
11,1211.12
Mischungsprofilmixture profile
1313
Ringbrennkammerannular combustion chamber

Claims (6)

  1. Annular combustion chamber (13) for generation of hot gas for driving a gas turbine, with a multiplicity of circularly arranged premix burners (1, 2) having a premix-gas hole arrangement (9) within the premix burner (1, 2), characterized in that at least one premix burner (2) has, within the annular combustion chamber (13), a premix-gas hole arrangement (9) deviating from all other premix burners (1) and having at least one region in which adjacent orifices of the premix-gas hole arrangement (9) are at a different distance from one another with respect to the remaining region of the premix-gas hole arrangement (9), while all other premix burners (1) have a uniformly distributed premix-gas hole arrangement (9) within the annular combustion chamber (13).
  2. Annular combustion chamber (13) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the at least one premix burner (2), within the premix burner (2), the downstream orifices of the premix-gas hole arrangement (9) are at a greater distance from one another than those upstream.
  3. Annular combustion chamber (13) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the at least one premix burner (2), within the premix burner (2), the upstream orifices of the premix-gas hole arrangement (9) are at a greater distance from one another than those downstream.
  4. Annular combustion chamber (13) according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least three premix burners are designed in the above way, and in that the at least three premix burners are arranged, uniformly distributed circularly, around the annular combustion chamber (13).
  5. Method for operating an annular combustion chamber (13) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one premix burner (2) generates, within the fuel/air mixture, a three-dimensional mix profile (12) deviating from all other premix burners (1) of the annular combustion chamber (13).
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that at least three premix burners (2) are operated in such a way that these at least three premix burners (2) have, within the fuel/air mixture, a three-dimensional mix profile (12) deviating from all other premix burners (1) of the annular combustion chamber (13).
EP02405087A 2001-02-22 2002-02-07 Annular combustor and method of operating the same Expired - Lifetime EP1235033B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10108560A DE10108560A1 (en) 2001-02-22 2001-02-22 Method for operating an annular combustion chamber and an associated annular combustion chamber
DE10108560 2001-02-22

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EP1235033A3 EP1235033A3 (en) 2003-10-08
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Publication number Publication date
US6691518B2 (en) 2004-02-17
DE10108560A1 (en) 2002-09-05
US20020134086A1 (en) 2002-09-26
EP1235033A2 (en) 2002-08-28
DE50213404D1 (en) 2009-05-14
EP1235033A3 (en) 2003-10-08
JP2002257346A (en) 2002-09-11

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