EP1232812B1 - Appareil de rivetage avec capteur de contrôle de l'évacuation des mandrins - Google Patents
Appareil de rivetage avec capteur de contrôle de l'évacuation des mandrins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1232812B1 EP1232812B1 EP20010128583 EP01128583A EP1232812B1 EP 1232812 B1 EP1232812 B1 EP 1232812B1 EP 20010128583 EP20010128583 EP 20010128583 EP 01128583 A EP01128583 A EP 01128583A EP 1232812 B1 EP1232812 B1 EP 1232812B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rivet
- setting apparatus
- rivet setting
- sensor
- pneumatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/28—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/105—Portable riveters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/30—Particular elements, e.g. supports; Suspension equipment specially adapted for portable riveters
- B21J15/32—Devices for inserting or holding rivets in position with or without feeding arrangements
- B21J15/326—Broken-off mandrel collection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Nietsetz réelle with a handle for manually holding the Nietsetz advocatess and a pneumatic device for transporting away riveted Nietfuele, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- German Utility Model DE 298 22 652 discloses a rivet setting device with a device for removing torn off rivet pins, in which the air flow for the removal of the torn off rivet pins can be interrupted or switched off by an actuating device on the handle of the rivet setting tool.
- the consumption of pneumatic fluid can be further reduced if the pneumatic device for removing riveted rivet pins is controllable by a sensor device which detects the presence or the Absence of a rivet pin detected.
- the sensor device can detect the presence or the absence of a rivet pin in the mouthpiece of the rivet setting device and thereby trigger the supply of pneumatic fluid, in particular compressed air, to the suction device when the rivet pin of a rivet is inserted into the tool.
- the rivet pin is securely held in the rivet setting tool by the generated negative pressure, as soon as it has been inserted into the mouthpiece from the front, and furthermore the ripped rivet pin is reliably transported away after the riveting operation.
- this can be done by switching off the supply or a pulselende supply of pneumatic fluid, which is then usually perceived acoustically by the user.
- an optical control display for example in the form of light emitting diodes or an LCD display on the device signal this and forward an optionally connected to the Nietsetztechnikmaschine computer, whereby an error log for the corresponding device can be performed.
- a preferred sensor comprises a pneumatic sensor, in particular in the form of a sensor associated with a pneumatic check valve.
- a particularly wear-free sensor is used in the form of an optical sensor, in particular in the form of a light barrier or reflex measuring device, which is either interrupted by the inserted rivet pin or triggers a return reflection to the optical photoreceiver.
- a particularly cost-effective design includes an electrical button or switch for triggering an electrically actuated valve.
- an electrical control device can be dispensed with if the electrical pushbutton or switch directly activates the electrically actuated valve.
- the optical sensor and the electrical switch or switch can be connected to an electrical or electronic control device which controls the electrically actuated valve.
- This delay or delay times can be set, during which the pneumatic fluid of the device for removal is still supplied when the rivet pin is no longer in operative connection with the sensor by the tearing process.
- this electrical or electronic control device and the amount of compressed air provided can be controlled when the electrically actuated valve in addition to a closed and fully open position also has one or more positions with partial opening. As a result, for example, a reduced amount of compressed air can then be supplied if the rivet is only in one position in the Mouthpiece is to hold and can be increased directly after the tearing operation, the compressed air to safely transport the torn rivet pin.
- the sensor device may comprise a hydraulic transmitter for a hydraulically controlled pneumatic valve.
- the electrical or electronic control device can also be permanently and safely controlled.
- the sensor device can usually be operated when it comprises a capacitive sensor instead of the inductive sensor.
- Another simple embodiment may include a mechanical encoder, which controls a pneumatic check valve, for example by means of a push rod or a flexible, pressure-transmitting wire or Bowden cable.
- the electrical or electronic control device is fed by means of accumulators, which can be loaded by an induction loop and / or capacitor plates and a charging circuit connected to the induction loop and / or the capacitor plates.
- the charging circuit can be fed by means of electrical, magnetic, in particular electromagnetic alternating fields, which are provided, for example, in a storage area of the rivet setting device. This can be applied to the leads used in an alternative embodiment to Supply of electrical energy largely dispensed with and provided to the outside hermetically sealed and very little trouble-prone riveting.
- a magnet comprehensive rotor is pneumatically driven, which is arranged for example in a supply of pneumatic fluid.
- the electric or electronic control device controls a device with variable resistance for pneumatic fluid, in particular compressed air
- this can be used to control, for example, the speed of the controlled pneumatic piston and that of the hydraulic piston associated therewith.
- the setting speed of the Nietsetzvorgangs be optimized and adjusted to the respective rivet pin adjusted.
- variable resistance device includes the rotor comprising the magnets and at least one coil
- the resistance and / or currents fed into the coil being controllable
- the rivet setting operation can be detected at the increased flow rate and the altered induced currents associated therewith and subsequently be regulated to optimal values.
- Such a rotor in the pneumatic fluid supply is also very advantageous, as it ensures soft and jerk-free movements of the piston system during its turbinen shamem start. External pressure fluctuations are also mitigated, which results in a setting process with a more homogeneous force curve, which means higher quality.
- the pulling speed in particular the size of the respective rivet, can furthermore be predetermined.
- Fig. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a penumatic-hydraulic rivet setting tool.
- a pneumatic piston 2 is acted upon by pneumatic fluid, in particular compressed air, displaced in the direction of the arrow X and presses hydraulic fluid, in particular hydraulic oil, from the lower hydraulic cylinder 5 into an upper hydraulic cylinder 6 in the head by means of the hydraulic piston 4 rigidly connected thereto the rivet setting tool 1, in which the hydraulic piston 7 is moved back in the direction of the arrow Y.
- the hydraulic piston 7 is connected to a chuck 8 in a tension-proof manner (see, for example, FIGS. 2 to 4), which holds the rear part of a rivet 9, which is also referred to as a rivet pin.
- the rivet pin of the rivet 9 Upon retraction, the rivet pin of the rivet 9 is torn off and transported rearwardly through a discharge channel 10, which extends centrally through the head of the rivet setting tool 1, into a rivet collecting container 11 in the direction of the arrow Y.
- the supply of compressed air to the discharge channel 10 is known to those skilled in the above-cited patent rights and will not be described in more detail.
- a sensor 13 is arranged in the mouthpiece 12 of the rivet setting tool 1, with which the presence or the absence of a rivet pin of a rivet 9 in the mouthpiece 12 can be detected.
- a further sensor 14 is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the rear end of the discharge channel 10 and can the Penetration of a torn Nietchans a rivet 9 capture.
- the sensors 13, 14 are in a preferred embodiment, optical sensors which detect in the form of a light barrier or reflex measuring device, whether the light beam is interrupted or the intensity of the reflected light changes.
- Fig. 2 shows, for example, an optical sensor 13 in the form of a light barrier, in which an optical sensor 15, light through the discharge channel 10 having corresponding side openings, sends to an optical receiver 16, by means of an electrical lead 17, as well Also, the optical transmitter 15 is connected to an electronic control device 18.
- both the transmitter 15 and the receiver 16 are preferably located above the discharge channel 10 and the receiver 16 measures the return reflection of the light from the transmitter 15.
- the senor 13 comprises an inductive sensor, which detects the induction change in an induction coil 19 which concentrically surrounds the discharge channel 10.
- capacitor plates can also be arranged on both sides of the discharge channel 10, by means of which the capacitive change caused by the insertion of the rivet pin can be detected.
- a capacitive sensor is provided, in which the discharge channel 10 is preferably in each case to the capacitor plates 19 out openings.
- the senor 13 is arranged close to the chuck 8, which in turn is preferably located close behind the screw-20, in order to be able to process rivets with short rivet pins correctly in this way.
- the discharge channel 10 is fed from an annular space 21 compressed air for the removal torn off rivet pins, said annular space 21 is fed by a pneumatic supply line in which a controllable valve 22 is located.
- the pneumatic valve 22 comprises a spherical closing body 23 which is movable by the force of an electromagnet 24 from its sealing contact with the valve body seat 25 down.
- the valve seat 25 is located at the upper end of a narrowing cylindrical bore, which extends downwards, in particular into the interior of the coil-shaped electromagnet 24.
- compressed air can enter the annular space 21 and from there through a not shown in the figures lateral bore of the discharge channel from the annular space in the discharge channel.
- the electromagnet 24 is conductively connected to the electronic control device 18.
- electromechanical pneumatic valve 22 with a different size or the skilled person known embodiment elsewhere in the supply line to the annular space 21, preferably within the Nietsetzeurss 1, or remotely also outside of the rivet setting device 1.
- the electronic control circuit 18 is powered by a battery, preferably a rechargeable battery 26, which, like the electronic control device, is located in the region of the handle of the rivet setting tool 1 under a removable cover 27. As a result, the battery 26 or the electronic control circuit 18 can be exchanged.
- To charge the rechargeable battery 26 may be arranged at the bottom of the Nietsetzös 1 capacitor plates 27 which supply a charging circuit in the electronic control device 18 AC voltage via leads 28, which rectifies and controlled to charge the battery 26 as a DC voltage signal with the electric alternating field generated there is supplied.
- coils 29 can be fed, which alternatively or additionally feed the induced in this alternating current of the electronic control circuit 18 for charging the batteries 26.
- a rotor 31 comprising fan blades is arranged inside the induction coil 29, alternating current can be induced during its rotation in the coils 29 which can be used to charge the batteries 26.
- a pneumatic-electric energy converter is provided.
- this rotor 31 is arranged in a chamber 32 through which the pneumatic fluid or the compressed air through to a Supply line 33 flows, with which the rivet setting tool 1 is fed.
- the sensor 13 detects this and signals the presence of the rivet pin of the electronic control device 18, which then opens the pneumatic valve 22.
- the position of the closing body 23 can be influenced by the current sent by the electromagnet 24 in such a way that a complete closure, a complete opening and a partial opening of the pneumatic feed channel is effected.
- a partial opening of the pneumatic valve 22 is effected by a predefined current through the magnet 24 such that the inserted rivet 9 is securely held in place.
- the rotor 31 is set in motion and induce the magnets 30 in the induction coil 29 electrical currents, which is used to charge the rechargeable battery 26.
- the pusher 3 is pressed in and moves a valve rod 34 for supplying compressed air to the pneumatic cylinder 2, there is an increased flow and an increased rotational speed of the rotor 31, due to the increased frequency of the induced currents through the electronic control device 18 is detectable.
- the electronic control device 18 switches the pneumatic valve 22 to its fully open position, resulting in increased supply of pneumatic fluid leads to a safe removal of the torn off Nietchans in the direction Y and the sensor.
- the electronic control device may comprise a delay circuit, by means of which the increased supply of compressed air is maintained for a period of time which is necessary for the safe removal of the rivet pin.
- LEDs 35, 36 These operating conditions can be displayed with LEDs 35, 36 to the user.
- the light emitting diode 35 glows green as soon as a rivet 9 has been inserted into the mouthpiece 12.
- a light-emitting diode 36 glows red if, after carrying out the riveting operation, the torn rivet pin has not passed the sensor 14. Furthermore, an acoustic warning device, not shown in the figures, such as a buzzer can be actuated by the electronic control circuit 18 for signaling an incorrect removal.
- the speed of the pneumatic fluid flowing to the pneumatic piston 2 can be adjusted by the rotational speed of the rotor 31.
- Control device 18 With detection of the rotational frequency 31 due to the frequency of induced induced currents is the electronic Control device 18 is able to measure or control the inflowing air volume.
- the control of the inflowing air volume is effected by a current application of the induction coil 29, which are thereby braked and reduce the amount of air flowing through.
- the rotational speed of the rotor 31 can be influenced by changing the electrical resistance, which is applied to the coils 29 by the control circuit 18.
- a resistor not shown in the figures, is changed, which is sensed by the control circuit 18 and controls in this a voltage-dependent oscillator.
- a comparison circuit in the control device 18 ensures that the rotational frequency of the rotor 31 does not exceed the frequency of the set with the pusher 37 voltage-controlled oscillator, so that with the thumb wheel 37, the return speed of the hydraulic piston 7 and thus the Nietsetzvorgangs is adjustable.
- a particularly simple embodiment of the rivet setting device 1 comprises a mushroom-shaped transmitter 38, which protrudes laterally into a part into the discharge channel 10.
- This mechanical sensor 13 may be formed as a hydraulic piston, which is a hydraulic supply to the Pneumatic valve 22 drives.
- the valve cross-section can be changed there by a hydraulically controlled piston, not shown in the figures as described above.
- the mushroom-shaped transmitter displaces a Bowden cable, which moves the valve body of the valve 22, or controls the mushroom-shaped encoder to an electrical switch or button, which as described above with the electronic control circuit 18 is operatively connected to perform the Nietsetzfunktionen described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Claims (19)
- Appareil de rivetage avec une poignée pour le maintien manuel de l'appareil de rivetage et une installation pneumatique (10, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) pour l'évacuation des mandrins de rivet rompus, à travers laquelle les mandrins de rivet rompus peuvent être évacués,
caractérisé en ce que,
l'installation pneumatique (10, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) pour l'évacuation des mandrins de rivet rompus peut être commandée par un dispositif de capteurs (3) qui détecte la présence ou l'absence d'un mandrin d'un rivet (9), de telle sorte que l'amenée de fluide pneumatique n'est déclenchée que lorsque le mandrin d'un rivet est introduit dans l'outil. - Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) détecte la présence ou l'absence d'un mandrin de rivet dans l'embouchure (12) de l'appareil de rivetage (1).
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) se trouve en liaison active avec une installation de clapets (22), grâce à quoi le fluide pneumatique, en particulier l'air, de l'installation (10, 21, 22 23, 24, 25) peut être amené pour l'évacuation, lorsqu'un rivet (9) est introduit dans l'appareil de rivetage (1).
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en outre par un autre capteur (14) pour la détection de l'évacuation du mandrin de rivet rompu.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un capteur pneumatique, en particulier sous la forme d'une sonde d'un clapet anti-retour pneumatique (22).
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un capteur optique (15, 16), en particulier sous la forme d'une barrière lumineuse ou d'une installation de mesure réflexe.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un palpeur électrique ou commutateur (13, 38) pour déclencher un clapet (22) actionnable électriquement.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un transmetteur hydraulique (38) pour un clapet (22) à commande hydraulique.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un capteur inductif.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un capteur capacitif (19).
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de capteurs (3) comprend un transmetteur mécanique (38) qui commande un clapet anti-retour pneumatique (22).
- Appareil de rivetage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, en particulier l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une installation de commande (18) alimentée électriquement commande un poste transmetteur de signaux (35, 36) lorsqu'un mandrin de rivet n'est pas évacué correctement.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de commande (18) est destinée à commander le clapet pneumatique (22) dans au moins trois positions, une première position verrouillée, une seconde position, partiellement ouverte, de préférence laissant passer peu de fluide pneumatique, et une troisième position entièrement ouverte pour ne consommer pratiquement pas de fluide pneumatique dans la première position, pour maintenir dans la seconde position de préférence le rivet introduit (9) avec une certaine consommation de fluide pneumatique, qui suffit à maintenir le rivet (9) dans essentiellement toute position de l'appareil de rivetage (1), et pour évacuer dans la troisième position le mandrin de rivet rompu avec une consommation de fluide pneumatique supérieure à celle de la seconde position.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de commande (18) électrique ou électronique est alimentée au moyen d'accumulateurs (26) qui peuvent être chargés par une boucle d'induction (29) et/ou des lames de condensateurs (27) et un raccordement de charge relié à la boucle d'induction (29) et/ou aux lames de condensateurs (27), moyennant quoi le raccordement de charge peut être alimenté au moyen de champs alternatifs électriques, magnétiques et en particulier électromagnétiques.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en outre par un convertisseur d'énergie pneumatico-électrique.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que les champs alternatifs magnétiques sont produits par un rotor (31) comprenant des aimants (30) actionnés pneumatiquement.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 14, 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que le rotor (31) comprenant les aimants (30) peut être commandé par le fluide pneumatique amené à l'appareil de rivetage.
- Appareil de rivetage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de commande (18) électrique ou électronique commande une installation avec résistance variable pour le fluide pneumatique, en particulier l'air comprimé.
- Appareil de rivetage selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'installation avec résistance variable contient le rotor (31) comprenant les aimants (30) ainsi que au moins une bobine (29), la résistance de la bobine et/ou les courants alimentés dans celle-ci pouvant être commandés de préférence par l'installation de commande électrique (18).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20103036U | 2001-02-20 | ||
DE20103036U DE20103036U1 (de) | 2001-02-20 | 2001-02-20 | Nietsetzgerät mit Einrichtung zum Abtransport abgerissener Nietstifte |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1232812A2 EP1232812A2 (fr) | 2002-08-21 |
EP1232812A3 EP1232812A3 (fr) | 2002-10-09 |
EP1232812B1 true EP1232812B1 (fr) | 2007-01-10 |
Family
ID=7953292
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20010128583 Expired - Lifetime EP1232812B1 (fr) | 2001-02-20 | 2001-11-30 | Appareil de rivetage avec capteur de contrôle de l'évacuation des mandrins |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1232812B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE20103036U1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11654475B2 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-05-23 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Rivet setting tool |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3061544B1 (fr) * | 2015-02-24 | 2018-07-04 | GESIPA Blindniettechnik GmbH | Dispositif de pose de fixation aveugle |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4901431A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1990-02-20 | Textron Inc. | Powered fastener installation apparatus |
US4836003A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1989-06-06 | Emhart Industries, Inc. | System for providing a liquid to a blind rivet setting mechanism |
US5012968A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-05-07 | Emhart Industries, Inc. | Device for controlling access in fastener manipulation systems |
US5035353A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-07-30 | Emhart Inc. | Automatic riveting machine |
DE59004439D1 (de) * | 1990-05-04 | 1994-03-10 | Honsel Nieten & Metallwarenfab | Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Verarbeitungsgeräten für Blindbefestiger. |
US5236341A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1993-08-17 | Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical, Div. Of Teledyne Ind., Inc. | Automatic blind rivet feeding system attachment |
DE10011305A1 (de) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-27 | Gesipa Blindniettechnik | Blindnietgerät |
-
2001
- 2001-02-20 DE DE20103036U patent/DE20103036U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-30 EP EP20010128583 patent/EP1232812B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-30 DE DE50111848T patent/DE50111848D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11654475B2 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-05-23 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Rivet setting tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1232812A2 (fr) | 2002-08-21 |
EP1232812A3 (fr) | 2002-10-09 |
DE50111848D1 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
DE20103036U1 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
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