EP1230483A1 - Kolbenmaschine, insbesondere verdichter - Google Patents
Kolbenmaschine, insbesondere verdichterInfo
- Publication number
- EP1230483A1 EP1230483A1 EP00979565A EP00979565A EP1230483A1 EP 1230483 A1 EP1230483 A1 EP 1230483A1 EP 00979565 A EP00979565 A EP 00979565A EP 00979565 A EP00979565 A EP 00979565A EP 1230483 A1 EP1230483 A1 EP 1230483A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- swash plate
- piston rod
- machine according
- drive shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0878—Pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0878—Pistons
- F04B27/0882—Pistons piston shoe retaining means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0878—Pistons
- F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
- F04B39/0022—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons piston rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
Definitions
- the invention relates to piston mechanisms with at least one piston, a drive shaft and a coupling mechanism that connects the piston to the drive shaft
- An example of such a piston machine is an axial piston compressor, as is shown, for example, in DE 197 03 216 A1. It can be used in particular as a compressor in a refrigerant circuit on an air conditioning system, for example for motor vehicles.
- the compressor is used to remove a refrigerant from a heat exchanger which it evaporates while absorbing heat at low pressure and compressed to a higher pressure, in which the refrigerant gas is liquefied and / or cooled in a further heat exchanger with heat being given off
- Compressors of this type are known in a wide variety of designs; for various reasons, axial piston compressors which work with a swashplate have become established. With this design, the axial movement of the pistons is generated by a swashplate whose tilt angle can be controlled relative to the drive shaft.
- a disadvantage of the known constructions is that there are high friction losses in the area of the plain bearings as a function of the speed, since these are proportional to the speed in the plain bearings and relatively high coefficients of friction occur in the area of the plain bearings.
- a swash plate only in the area of the plain bearings comparatively small relative movements instead of this means that no hydrodynamic lubricating film can be formed and there is insufficient lubrication.
- the swash plate, the swash plate which may be present, the sliding blocks, the piston rods and the metal pistons have to be overcome during the operation, high moments of inertia
- a piston machine of the type mentioned with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 offers the advantage that the lubrication of the slide bearing of the piston machine is either completely unnecessary or at least can be accomplished much easier.
- the use of plastic namely allows either the slide bearing to be completely to save so that no more lubrication is required, or at least to provide plain bearings that are either self-lubricating or that can be lubricated with lubricants with low viscosity.
- there are reduced inertial forces in the piston machine according to the invention which leads to improved smoothness. This results in less noise, which increases comfort, for example, in the interior of a vehicle equipped with the piston machine.
- the lighter design of plastic opens up the possibility of previously separated Executing components in one piece, which leads to a reduced number of parts and thus to reduced manufacturing and assembly costs. The fact that no machining is required also leads to cost and material savings and to a reduction in labor
- the piston machine is an axial piston compressor which has a swash plate which is pivotably attached to the drive shaft and that the coupling mechanism acts on the swash plate.
- lubrication if it continues to be It is necessary to use cold machine oils with a very low viscosity.
- Such oils are advantageous because they always come in small proportions (eg 5-10%) with the refrigerant from the compressor into the refrigerant circuit, since they greatly affect the heat transfer conditions in the heat exchangers have a much less negative effect than the cold machine oils previously used
- the coupling mechanism has a ball joint which is connected to the piston and which surrounds the swash plate, the ball joint having two sliding blocks which rest on one and the other side of the swash plate, each in one Support the joint shell of the ball joint and consist of plastic.
- This configuration is advantageous with regard to the lubrication of the sliding blocks in the area of the joint shell.
- the sliding blocks only perform a comparatively small pivoting movement in the joint shell, which is proportional to the tilting angle of the swashplate Sliding block made from a self-lubricating plastic is much less sensitive to lubrication than a conventional sliding block made from metal
- the coupling mechanism has a swash plate, which is rotatably mounted on the swash plate, and a piston rod connected to the piston, the swash plate, the piston rod and the piston being made of plastic.
- This design is also reduced by the use of Disschmiere ⁇ dem Kunststoff the requirements for lubrication of the moving parts, especially the connection between the piston rod on the one hand and the swash plate or the piston on the other
- the swash plate, the piston rod and the piston are formed in one piece.
- no joints or bearings are required between the piston rod on the one hand and the swash plate or the piston on the other hand, the necessary mobility between these parts is achieved solely by the elasticity of the piston rod provided
- This design is characterized by the fact that no lubrication is required so that an oil-free compressor can be realized even if the other components are designed so that they do not require separate lubrication beyond self-lubrication Manufacturing and assembly costs
- the piston rod is preferably a hollow die-cast part.
- the demands on the piston rod can be met, namely on the one hand sufficient bending stiffness to transmit the compressive forces to the piston, on the other hand sufficient deformability to absorb the relative movement between the piston and the swash plate without great losses can adhere in a particularly simple manner
- the piston rod in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis considered has a wall thickness that changes periodically in the circumference. This configuration is advantageous in connection with the use of glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic for the piston rod in that a high rigidity can be achieved with a small wall thickness
- the piston rod is designed with a larger wall thickness in the area of the transition into the swash plate. This ensures that the critical buckling stress in this area is increased in such a way that the pressure forces that occur can be transmitted without problems
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an axial piston compressor according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic section of an axial piston compressor according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an axial piston compressor according to a third embodiment of the invention
- - Figure 5 shows a cross section along the plane V of Figure 4.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a piston machine according to a first embodiment. It is an axial piston compressor which contains a drive shaft 10, which is mounted in a housing 12. A swashplate is connected to the drive shaft 10 in a rotationally fixed manner, which is located between a position in which extends approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft 10 and can be pivoted to a maximally tilted position, which is shown in FIG.
- the position which the swash plate assumes during operation is dependent on the difference between the two sides of the spout (housing pressure and Compressor internal pressure) and by the compressor speed and the spring force of a spring 16, which can move the swash plate on the drive shaft 10, the swash plate being supported on a holder 17, so that it is pivoted during a displacement on the drive shaft.
- the compressor is regulated by Variation of the housing pressure
- a swash plate 18 is rotatably mounted on the swash plate by means of radial and axial roller bearings 20, 22.
- a spherical head 24 is formed on the swash plate 18 and is guided in a suitable setting in the housing 12, so that the swash plate 18 is held in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the housing A ⁇ of the swash plate 18, a plurality of ball joints 26 are formed, by means of which a piston rod 28 is mounted on the swash plate 18 in a tensile and pressure-resistant but pivotable manner
- Each piston 32 is displaceable in a cylinder 34, the central axis of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft 10. Only two pistons are shown in the drawing, in fact the compressor can contain more (usually up to seven) pistons
- each piston rod 28 When the drive shaft 10 is rotated and the swash plate is in a position oblique to the drive shaft, each piston rod 28 performs a reciprocating movement, so that the pistons 32 also perform a reciprocating movement in the corresponding cylinders 34
- This movement can be used, for example, to compress a refrigerant if the axial piston compressor is used as a refrigerant compressor for an air conditioning system
- the swash plate 18, the piston rod 28 and the pistons 32 are made of plastic so that only very low requirements have to be met with regard to the lubrication, in particular in the ball joints 26, 30. Furthermore, this results in low mass inertia, which means both the required power and that Running noise occurring during operation is positively influenced If a self-lubricating plastic is selected, lubrication can be dispensed with completely
- FIG 2 an alternative embodiment of an axial piston compressor according to the invention is shown.
- the required relative rotation between the piston 32 and the swash plate is achieved with sliding blocks 36 which have a flat running surface 38, which bears against a raceway of the swash plate, as well as have a spherical segment-shaped swivel surface 40, which is in each case in a ⁇ er articulated shell 42 supported
- the arrangement of the articulated shells 42 and the sliding blocks 36 is selected so that the swash plate can rotate between the two sliding blocks 36, a radial movement being possible at the same time
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an axial piston compressor according to a further embodiment.
- This embodiment is based on the function of the axial piston compressor of FIG. 1, that is, it uses a swash plate 18 which can be rotated relative to the swash plate, while it does not but wobble relative to the housing executes a rotating movement
- the entire coupling mechanism i.e. the swash plate 18 and the piston rod 28, and the pistons 32 are in one piece formed with each other from plastic
- the relative movements occurring during operation are made entirely possible by the piston rod 28, which is designed for this purpose with the required elasticity.
- FIG. 4 shows the various geometrical constellations that can occur during the operation of the axial piston compressor.
- the snapshot with the swash plate 18 oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft 10 corresponds either to operation without delivery capacity or, in the case of operation with a tilted swash plate, to the moment, in which chem the piston rod 28 intersects one of the two radii of the swash plate, which are perpendicular to the drive shaft 10.
- the end of the piston rod 28 connected to the swash plate 18 has the maximum possible radial distance from the drive shaft with the reference numerals 18 ', 28' and 32 the position of the coupling mechanism and the piston 32 is shown, in which the piston is in an end position of its stroke, namely at the transition from the suction stroke to the pressure stroke.
- the coupling mechanism and the piston are in the position shown in which they have traveled the maximum stroke H and the piston is in its other position after the pressure stroke has been carried out.
- the end of the piston rod connected to the swash plate 18 is at the maximum possible radial distance from the drive shaft 10
- the end of the piston rod connected to the piston 32 is in a central radial n arranged from the drive shaft 10.
- the piston rod 28 must allow a periodic movement of the end of the piston rod 28 connected to the swash plate 18 in the radial direction by an average with an amplitude of ⁇ x, which is the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius of the one with the swash plate 18 connected end of the piston rod corresponds additionally the piston rod must allow a tilting movement, which results from the inclined position of the swash plate and thus the swash plate 18 by the angle ⁇
- a suitable material which offers the required elasticity with sufficient pressure resistance, are glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials, e.g. Ticona GE 1000 and GE 4001.
- the parts can be injection molded, in particular the piston rod 28 being designed as a hollow profile.
- a particularly suitable cross section is shown in FIG. 5
- the piston rod has an inner cavity with a circular cross section and a diameter d of approximately 4 mm, while the maximum outer diameter D is between 6 and 8 mm. endeavors in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod 28, executed corrugated in the circumferential direction, so that the wall thickness changes periodically. With a comparatively small wall thickness, this profile offers a high degree of rigidity with which the required kink resistance is achieved.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a piston machine according to a fourth embodiment.
- This is a reciprocating piston machine in which the drive shaft 10 is designed as a crankshaft.
- a piston rod 28 is connected to the crankshaft and is formed in one piece with a piston 32.
- the piston rod 28 and the piston are comparable to the embodiment of Figure 3 made of plastic, so that due to the inherent elasticity of the piston rod 28, a connecting rod bearing in the piston can be dispensed with. The requirements for the lubrication of the slide bearing between the crankshaft and the piston rod are also reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19954863A DE19954863A1 (de) | 1999-11-15 | 1999-11-15 | Kolbenmaschine, insbesondere Verdichter |
DE19954863 | 1999-11-15 | ||
PCT/EP2000/011312 WO2001036822A1 (de) | 1999-11-15 | 2000-11-15 | Kolbenmaschine, insbesondere verdichter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1230483A1 true EP1230483A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
EP1230483B1 EP1230483B1 (de) | 2005-07-27 |
Family
ID=7929078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00979565A Expired - Lifetime EP1230483B1 (de) | 1999-11-15 | 2000-11-15 | Kolbenmaschine, insbesondere verdichter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1230483B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU1700901A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19954863A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001036822A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4705445B2 (ja) | 2005-09-27 | 2011-06-22 | サンデン株式会社 | 揺動板式圧縮機 |
US7959415B2 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2011-06-14 | Larry Alvin Schuetzle | Radial type reciprocating compressor and portable tool powering system with cylinder liner, valve and annular manifold arrangement |
CN101641497A (zh) * | 2006-12-12 | 2010-02-03 | 韦斯珀技术有限公司 | 直线-旋转运动转换机构 |
DE102014209892A1 (de) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Axialkolbenmaschine |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2916847C2 (de) * | 1979-04-26 | 1982-12-16 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Einrichtung aus Kolben und Pleuelstange |
US4683803A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-08-04 | General Motors Corporation | Swash plate compressor having integral shoe and ball |
JPH0444861Y2 (de) * | 1986-11-26 | 1992-10-22 | ||
US5213025A (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1993-05-25 | Thomas Industries Inc. | Conical rod piston |
JPH06241161A (ja) * | 1993-02-15 | 1994-08-30 | Sanden Corp | 圧縮機 |
DE4338896C2 (de) * | 1993-11-15 | 1997-03-13 | Suttner Gmbh & Co Kg | Axialkolbenpumpe |
DE4424610C2 (de) * | 1994-07-13 | 1999-11-11 | Danfoss As | Hydraulische Kolbenmaschine |
JPH0953563A (ja) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-25 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 片側ピストン式可変容量圧縮機 |
JP3733633B2 (ja) | 1996-02-01 | 2006-01-11 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 可変容量圧縮機 |
DE19809592B4 (de) * | 1998-03-06 | 2007-09-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kolbenpumpe |
-
1999
- 1999-11-15 DE DE19954863A patent/DE19954863A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-11-15 WO PCT/EP2000/011312 patent/WO2001036822A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-15 DE DE50010841T patent/DE50010841D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-15 EP EP00979565A patent/EP1230483B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-15 AU AU17009/01A patent/AU1700901A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0136822A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1230483B1 (de) | 2005-07-27 |
DE50010841D1 (de) | 2005-09-01 |
WO2001036822A1 (de) | 2001-05-25 |
DE19954863A1 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
AU1700901A (en) | 2001-05-30 |
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