EP1227909B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schäumen von metallen oder metalllegierungen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schäumen von metallen oder metalllegierungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1227909B1 EP1227909B1 EP00965981A EP00965981A EP1227909B1 EP 1227909 B1 EP1227909 B1 EP 1227909B1 EP 00965981 A EP00965981 A EP 00965981A EP 00965981 A EP00965981 A EP 00965981A EP 1227909 B1 EP1227909 B1 EP 1227909B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- extruder
- foamed
- cryogenic gas
- metal powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for foaming Metals or metal alloys.
- Metal foams especially aluminum foams, can pass through Melting metallurgical processes or powder metallurgical processes become.
- a metal melt is created by adding thickened by metallic or ceramic particles.
- gases or blowing agents are introduced, causing foaming.
- the foam floats on the surface and is transported on a conveyor belt skimmed or passed into a closed mold where the metal foam stiffens. After removal from the mold, the corresponding molded part is obtained Metal foam.
- Such methods are in the U.S. 3,481,389 and U.S. 3,669,654.
- This process enables relatively large foam volumes to be produced, which in the case of aluminum foaming can have densities of between 80 and 450 kg / m 3 . Disadvantages of these processes are an uneven pore structure, fluctuations in density, brittleness when using ceramic components and problematic molded part production.
- metal powders for example aluminum powder
- a blowing agent used for foaming is TiH 2 .
- the mixture of metal powder and blowing agent powder is compacted in a subsequent step at elevated temperature by, for example, axial hot pressing, extrusion or hot isostatic pressing.
- the result is a solid metallic semi-finished product (blank) in which the propellant particles are embedded gas-tight in the metallic matrix.
- the blanks can be formed into sheet metal or profiles using conventional forming processes.
- the foaming process takes place in a final process step.
- the semi-finished product is placed, for example, in a hollow mold and heated to a temperature above the melting point of the respective metal matrix and above the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent, for example in the case of TiH 2 temperatures above approximately 400 ° C. This releases gaseous hydrogen. It forms numerous pores in the metallic matrix and leads to a considerable increase in volume by a factor of 5 to 10 in the molded part produced in this way. Such a method is described in DE 40 18 360.
- the advantages of the powder metallurgical process are variably adjustable densities in a range from 500 to 1000 kg / m 3 and a large number of possible alloy components, whereby ductile alloys can also be foamed.
- molded part production is possible with these processes.
- the procedure is problematic. After the metal foam has been completely formed, the mold and the metal foam must be cooled sufficiently quickly so that the foam remains stable. The process is therefore difficult to control, particularly in the case of larger or more complicated shapes. The reproducibility is insufficient. Due to the comparatively technically complicated process, the production of molded parts in larger series is only possible at relatively high costs.
- DE 4340791 A1 describes a method for foaming metal powders known in which the metal powder is mixed with a blowing agent, this The mixture is compacted into a blank and the blank is then foamed the blank before foaming in a cold die strand is pressed.
- the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art overcome and to create a method and an apparatus in which the Metal foams are more controllable and the reproducibility of the so produced Products or product properties is improved.
- the object underlying the invention is achieved by a method for Foaming of metal powder solved, in which the metal powder with a blowing agent is mixed, the mixture of metal powder and blowing agent is compacted a blank and then the blank is foamed, the Blank is fed to an extrusion press before foaming, and thereby is characterized in that the extrusion press is at least temporarily a cryogenic gas is supplied, the amount of cryogenic gas supplied corresponding to the desired temperature in the extrusion press and / or depending on one change in volume or length measured from the extrusion press emerging blank is regulated.
- the amount of the supplied cryogenic gas is regulated according to the cooling requirement, preferably the change in volume or length of that emerging from the extrusion press Blank measured and depending on the measured volume or Change in length of the blank regulates the amount of cryogenic gas supplied becomes.
- metal powder here means pure metal powder, metal alloy powder or mixtures of metal powder or metal alloy powder and others Minor components, typically up to 1% by weight.
- the inventive method can be advantageous in extrusion higher pressures can be realized without the temperature during the Compaction increases too much, so that the risk of at least partial, unwanted foaming is reduced.
- the performance of the extrusion system can therefore be enlarged.
- the surface quality of the product is also increased.
- the cryogenic gas is cryogenic, more liquid Is nitrogen. This has the advantage of efficient and safe cooling during extrusion.
- the metal powder is aluminum powder.
- the term "Aluminum powder” here means pure aluminum powder, aluminum alloy powder or mixtures of aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder and other minor components in a small amount, typically up to approx. 1% by weight Proportion of.
- the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a device solved for pressing a blank for a foamed metal body, which characterized in that the device is an extrusion press, which Extruder is fed to the blank before foaming and that the Extrusion press a supply line for a cryogenic gas and a measuring device for Measurement of the volume or length change of the blank after it has left the Extrusion press is assigned, and that the assigned feed line for the cryogenic gas has a control or shut-off valve to the amount of supplied cryogenic gas depending on the measured volume or Regulate change in length.
- the device is an extrusion press, which Extruder is fed to the blank before foaming and that the Extrusion press a supply line for a cryogenic gas and a measuring device for Measurement of the volume or length change of the blank after it has left the Extrusion press is assigned, and that the assigned feed line for the cryogenic gas has a control or shut-off valve to the amount of supplied cryogenic gas depending on the measured volume or Regulate change in length.
- the smallest already foamed areas which lead to changes in volume or length, can advantageously be used as an input signal for regulating the gas supply, and foaming of larger areas can be reliably avoided.
- the extrusion can be carried out at a relatively high pressure without causing an excessive rise in temperature. The risk of unwanted foaming of at least partial areas in the material is thus reduced.
- the supply line for the cryogenic gas is in connection with a source of cryogenic liquid nitrogen.
- the cooling during the This makes extrusion efficient and safe.
- the foamed metal body consists essentially of Aluminum.
- the term "aluminum” here means pure aluminum, Aluminum alloys or aluminum or aluminum alloys and others Minor components, typically up to approx. 1% by weight.
- the method and device according to the invention is preferably used for Production of foamed aluminum stiffening and / or Damping elements, particularly preferably molded aluminum parts Automotive Engineering.
- the figure shows schematically an extruder according to the invention, with cryogenic liquid nitrogen is cooled.
- the extrusion press 1 is fed to the blank 2.
- the one that was already extruded Body 3, the extent of the body 3 is measured at the length measuring point 4.
- the signal is fed via a line 5 to an evaluation and control unit 6.
- a line 7 is assigned to the evaluation and control unit 6 Armature 8 controlled to extrude 1 cryogenic liquid nitrogen supply.
- the liquid nitrogen is from a source 9 via a line 10 which Armature 8 and supplied via an adjoining line 11, wherein in particular the area of the die 12 of the extrusion press 1 through which to the Line 11 subsequent cooling section 13 is cooled.
- the nitrogen leaves the Extrusion press 1 after delivery of at least a part of its cold content via one Line 11. It can be used for further use or to the environment be delivered.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß das Strangpressen mit relativ hohem Druck erfolgen kann ohne einen zu starken Temperaturanstieg zu verursachen. Die Gefahr eines ungewollten Schäumens von zumindest Teilbereichen in dem Material wird so verringert.
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zum Schäumen von Metallpulver,
bei dem das Metallpulver mit einem Treibmittel vermischt wird, die Mischung aus Metallpulver und Treibmittel kompaktiert wird zu einem Rohling und bei dem anschließend der Rohling geschäumt wird, wobei der Rohling vor dem Schäumen einer Strangpresse zugeführt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strangpresse zumindest zeitweise ein tiefkaltes Gas zugeführt wird, wobei die Menge des zugeführten tiefkalten Gases entsprechend der gewünschten Temperatur in der Strangpresse und/oder in Abhängigkeit von einer gemessenen Volumen- oder Längenänderung des aus der Strangpresse austretenden Rohlings geregelt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das tiefkalte Gas tiefkalter, flüssiger Stickstoff ist. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Metallpulver Aluminiumpulver ist. - Vorrichtung zum Pressen eines Rohlings für einen geschäumten Metallkörper,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung eine Strangpresse ist, welcher Strangpresse der Rohling vor dem Schäumen zugeführt wird und dass der Strangpresse eine Zuführleitung für ein tiefkaltes Gas und eine Messeinrichtung zur Messung der Volumen- oder Längenänderung des Rohlings nach Austritt aus der Strangpresse zugeordnet ist, und dass die zugeordnete Zuführleitung für das tiefkalte Gas eine Regel- oder Absperrarmatur aufweist, um die Menge des zugeführten tiefkalten Gases in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen.Volumenoder Längenänderung zu regeln. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführleitung für das tiefkalte Gas in Verbindung steht mit einer Quelle für tiefkalten, flüssigen Stickstoff. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der geschäumte Metallkörper im wesentlichen aus Aluminium besteht. - Verwendung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6 zur Herstellung von geschäumten Aluminium -Versteifungs- und/oder Dämpfungselemente.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 7 zur Herstellung von geschäumten Aluminium-Formteilen im Kraftfahrzeugbau.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19945629 | 1999-09-23 | ||
| DE19945629A DE19945629C1 (de) | 1999-09-23 | 1999-09-23 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schäumen von Metallen oder Metalllegierungen |
| PCT/EP2000/008902 WO2001021346A1 (de) | 1999-09-23 | 2000-09-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schäumen von metallen oder metalllegierungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1227909A1 EP1227909A1 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
| EP1227909B1 true EP1227909B1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
Family
ID=7923053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00965981A Expired - Lifetime EP1227909B1 (de) | 1999-09-23 | 2000-09-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schäumen von metallen oder metalllegierungen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1227909B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE241442T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19945629C1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2200944T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001021346A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2491154C1 (ru) * | 2012-05-17 | 2013-08-27 | Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (ОАО АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") | Устройство укладки листа компактированной порошковой смеси в форму для вспенивания и извлечения из нее панели пеноалюминия |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT412876B (de) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-08-25 | Arc Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen Gmbh | Schäumbares halbzeug und verfahren zur herstellung von metallteilen mit innerer porosität |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3087807A (en) * | 1959-12-04 | 1963-04-30 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of making foamed metal |
| US3481389A (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1969-12-02 | Lor Corp | Method of melting and casting foam metal |
| US3669654A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1972-06-13 | Ethyl Corp | Foamed metal |
| US4614544A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-09-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | High strength powder metal parts |
| DE4018360C1 (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-05-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung Ev, 8000 Muenchen, De | Porous metal body prodn. - involves compaction at low temp. followed by heating to near melting point of metal |
| DE4340791A1 (de) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-05-24 | Admos Gleitlager Gmbh Berlin | Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösen Metallkörpern |
| JP2768356B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-06-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 樹脂結合型磁石の製造方法 |
| GB9903276D0 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 1999-04-07 | Boc Group Plc | Reticulated foam structutes |
-
1999
- 1999-09-23 DE DE19945629A patent/DE19945629C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-09-12 ES ES00965981T patent/ES2200944T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-12 EP EP00965981A patent/EP1227909B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-12 AT AT00965981T patent/ATE241442T1/de active
- 2000-09-12 DE DE50002397T patent/DE50002397D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-12 WO PCT/EP2000/008902 patent/WO2001021346A1/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2491154C1 (ru) * | 2012-05-17 | 2013-08-27 | Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (ОАО АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") | Устройство укладки листа компактированной порошковой смеси в форму для вспенивания и извлечения из нее панели пеноалюминия |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50002397D1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
| EP1227909A1 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
| ATE241442T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
| ES2200944T3 (es) | 2004-03-16 |
| DE19945629C1 (de) | 2000-11-30 |
| WO2001021346A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
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