EP1224681A4 - Positionnement d'un detecteur numerique de rayons x a panneau plat en radiologie de diagnostic - Google Patents

Positionnement d'un detecteur numerique de rayons x a panneau plat en radiologie de diagnostic

Info

Publication number
EP1224681A4
EP1224681A4 EP00970589A EP00970589A EP1224681A4 EP 1224681 A4 EP1224681 A4 EP 1224681A4 EP 00970589 A EP00970589 A EP 00970589A EP 00970589 A EP00970589 A EP 00970589A EP 1224681 A4 EP1224681 A4 EP 1224681A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
ray
cassette
column
patient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00970589A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1224681A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrew P Smith
Jay A Stein
Kevin E Wilson
Richard E Cabral
Remo Rossi
James D Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hologic Inc
Original Assignee
Hologic Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/449,457 external-priority patent/US6282264B1/en
Application filed by Hologic Inc filed Critical Hologic Inc
Publication of EP1224681A1 publication Critical patent/EP1224681A1/fr
Publication of EP1224681A4 publication Critical patent/EP1224681A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06—Diaphragms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0487—Motor-assisted positioning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4208—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
    • A61B6/4233—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector using matrix detectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4291—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the detector being combined with a grid or grating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4464—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit or the detector unit being mounted to ceiling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/488—Diagnostic techniques involving pre-scan acquisition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/547—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving tracking of position of the device or parts of the device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/56—Details of data transmission or power supply, e.g. use of slip rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/56—Details of data transmission or power supply, e.g. use of slip rings
    • A61B6/563—Details of data transmission or power supply, e.g. use of slip rings involving image data transmission via a network
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0266—Operational features for monitoring or limiting apparatus function
    • A61B2560/0271—Operational features for monitoring or limiting apparatus function using a remote monitoring unit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/10—Safety means specially adapted therefor
    • A61B6/102—Protection against mechanical damage, e.g. anti-collision devices
    • A61B6/105—Braking or locking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/582—Calibration
    • A61B6/583—Calibration using calibration phantoms

Definitions

  • This patent specification is in the field of radiography and pertains more specifically to the field of x-ray equipment using a digital flat panel detector.
  • Medical diagnostic x-ray equipment has long used x-ray film contained inside a
  • Chest x-rays for example, are often performed with the patient standing, chest or back pressed
  • Imaging of the bones in the hand might be done with the
  • arrays are often called flat panel x-ray detectors, or simply flat panel detectors, and offer
  • the digital format of the x-ray data facilitates incorporating the
  • the digital flat panel detectors or plates also offer
  • radiation-sensitive electronics and can be heavy. If they are connected to a computer with a
  • the cassette can be self-contained, as for example in U.S. Patent No.
  • 5,661,309 in which case it includes a power supply and storage for the image information
  • Such detectors commonly are used in a system
  • the high initial cost of the digital detector can hinder outfitting of an x-ray room with
  • multiple detectors pre-mounted in a variety of positions such as a vertically-mounted unit for
  • a C-arm arrangement has been offered under the name Traumex by Fisher Imaging
  • 5,764,724 proposes yet another a patient table and can be moved to a number of position along
  • No. 4,365,344 proposes a system for placing a film cassette in a variety of positions
  • No. 5,920,606 proposes a platform on which a patient can step and into which a film cassette
  • An exemplary and non-limiting embodiment comprises a digital, flat panel,
  • a floor-supported base supports an articulated structure
  • the detector that in turn supports and selectively moves the detector with at least five degrees of freedom to position it for any one of a variety of standard or other diagnostic x-ray protocols for
  • a first translational and three rotational motions include at least two translational and three rotational motions. For example, a first
  • translational motion comprises moving a lower slide along the base, a first rotational motion
  • a second rotational motion comprises rotating about another vertical axis a column
  • a second translational motion comprises moving an
  • an upper arm having a near end mounted on the upper slide and a far end
  • the detector can be rotationally mounted on the far end
  • the detector can also be rocked, i.e. rotated about a vertical axis when vertically oriented, to
  • the detector can be rotated about and axis
  • the motion in one or more degrees of freedom can be motorized.
  • the motion in some or all of the degrees of freedom can be computer-controlled.
  • collision avoidance system can be provided to help prevent pinch-points and collisions for the motions in one or more of the degrees of freedom.
  • Encoders coupled with moving parts can be provided to help prevent pinch-points and collisions for the motions in one or more of the degrees of freedom.
  • the disclosed system can be used with a patient table on a pedestal that drives the table
  • up and down can move the table along its length and, additionally, can pivot the table
  • system can be used without a table, for example for x-ray protocols involving a standing
  • the detector can have a rectangular
  • detecting the orientation such as by providing exposure sensors that also serve to provide
  • the detector can be made with a square imaging area, in which case
  • the detector moves with at least two degrees of freedom between a horizontal orientation under
  • Another variant can be directed to x-ray protocols that do not involve the upper
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a digital flat panel detector in a vertical orientation, for example for
  • Fig. 2 is a similar illustration, showing the detector at a lower position, for example for
  • Fig. 3 is a similar illustration, showing the detector in a horizontal orientation under
  • Fig. 4 is a similar illustration, showing the detector in a horizontal orientation, next to
  • Fig. 5 is a similar illustration, showing the detector in a similar horizontal orientation
  • Fig. 6 is a similar illustration, showing the detector also in a horizontal position but
  • Fig. 7 is a similar illustration, showing the detector in a vertical orientation next to a
  • Fig. 8 is a similar illustration, showing the detector in a vertical orientation next to
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the detector as used in an x-ray room that has a ceiling-mounted x- ray source and further illustrates an operator's console processing the detector output and controlling the x-ray examination.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates another embodiments, suitable for x-ray examination of weight bearing feet or other anatomy.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a locking detent used in positioning the detector, with the detent
  • Fig. 12 illustrates the detent in a locked position.
  • Figs. 13-27 illustrate another embodiment .
  • Figs. 28-38 illustrate yet another embodiment.
  • Figs. 39-41 illustrate a further embodiment.
  • Figs. 42-49 illustrate another embodiment.
  • Figs. 46-50 illustrate yet another embodiment.
  • Figs. 51-53 illustrate a further embodiment.
  • Figs 54-59 illustrate another embodiment.
  • Fig. 60 illustrates a relationship between an anti-scatter grid and pixels of a flat
  • a main support 10 can be secured to the floor of an x-ray room
  • Slide 14 supports the proximal or near end of a generally
  • An upper slide 22 engages slot 20a to ride along the length of column 20
  • the bearing e.g., horizontal, axis extending along the length of upper arm 30.
  • the bearing e.g., horizontal, axis extending along the length of upper arm 30.
  • Upper arm 30 supports an x-ray detector 34 containing a two-
  • Detector 34 can be connected to
  • the imaging area of detector 34 is rectangular, to allow using it in portrait or
  • bearing arrangement at 36 can be omitted.
  • a handle 38 is attached to detector 34, for example when a bearing at 36 is used, or can be attached directly to upper
  • a patient table 40 is supported on a telescoping column 42 that moves table 40 up
  • a guide 44 that can be floor-mounted, or mounted
  • Table 40 is
  • table 40 can be made movable along the x-axis, in a manner similar
  • console and display unit 41 (Fig. 9) can be connected by cable or otherwise to detector 34
  • the display at unit 41 can be,
  • window controls of the displayed digital x-ray image, for image magnification, zoom,
  • the cabling can be run through upper arm 30, column 20, and
  • detector 34 can be powered and controlled
  • detector 34 can be a self-contained detector, with an internal power supply and
  • Detector 34 can further comprise control switches on or in detector 34 to control its operation. Detector 34 can further comprise control switches on or in detector 34 to control its operation. Detector 34 can further comprise
  • Image data can be taken out of
  • detector 34 by way of a wireless connection, or by temporarily plugging in a cable therein
  • Detector 34 can include one or
  • exposure sensors such as ion chambers used as is known in the art to
  • control x-ray exposure By arranging five exposure sensors around detector 34 such that
  • Detector 34 typically is used with a ceiling-suspended x-ray source 46 of the type
  • Such x-ray sources typically are suspended through
  • the x-ray beam illustrated schematically at 46a, can be aligned with an x-ray
  • a translational motion of source 46 may also be possible.
  • x-ray sources typically have an optical arrangement beaming light that indicates where the
  • collimated x-ray beam will strike when the x-ray tube is energized, and have appropriate
  • Detector 34 is free of mechanical connection to motions of x-ray
  • detector 34 is free of a mechanical connection with table 40, so all
  • motions of detector 34 are independent of the positions or motions of the patient table.
  • a first degree of freedom for detector 34 relates to translational motion of slide 14
  • a third relates to rotation of column 20 about the bearing at 17.
  • a fourth relates to
  • a fifth relates to rotation of upper
  • a sixth degree of freedom if desired, relates to rotation of
  • detector 34 moves along and across the length of
  • the height of detector 34 is adjusted by moving slide 22 up or down
  • column 20 about the bearing at 17 further helps position and orient detector 34.
  • Patent table 40 and its supporting structure 42 and 44 need not be used at all for
  • detector 34 and its articulated support structure are otherwise the same as
  • Patient table 40 can be mounted for rotation about
  • table 40 can be mounted for pivoting about a y-axis, for example an axis at
  • the top of column 42 and/or can be mounted for pivoting about an x-axis, for example at
  • the table 40 could also be mounted for pivoting about a vertical z-
  • the pivoting can be through any desired angle the mechanical arrangement permits.
  • the x-ray protocol can be a chest
  • detector 34 is adjusted by sliding upper slide 22 along column 20. If detector 34 has
  • buttons 38a on handle 38 to release the articulated structure between detector 34 and base 10 for the appropriate movement, and pushes or releases appropriate buttons at
  • buttons or other operator interface can be used to release all parts of the articulated stmcture
  • interface devices can be used for individual movements of combinations of less than all
  • table 40 can be moved all
  • the position illustrated in Fig. 2 can be used for a protocol such as imaging the leg
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, and detector 34 can be moved thereto similarly, except to a
  • lower arm 16 can be angled transverse to the length of base 10.
  • X-ray source 46 is not
  • Fig 3 illustrates a position suitable for example for a chest AP image of a
  • Table 40 can be lowered to make it easier for the patient to get on and then raised if desired.
  • detector 34 is moved to a horizontal orientation below patient table 40 by moving the
  • detector 34 and table 40 can be
  • interlock can be mechanical, by a clamp or pin (not shown) in case upper slide 30 is moved
  • table 40 can be synchronized through known electronic controls. Table 40 is moved all the
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a position in which detector 34 is also in a horizontal orientation
  • ray protocols such as imaging a limb or the head of a patient recumbent on table 40 can be
  • Table 40 is moved to the right as
  • X-ray source 46 is not shown in Fig. 4 but would be above
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a position of detector 34 and table 40 suitable for x-ray protocols
  • detector 34 is moved to one side of table 40, in a horizontal orientation and facing up.
  • Detector 34 can be coplanar with table 40 or can be vertically offset therefrom by a
  • the disclosed system allows detector 34 to be moved to either side of
  • table 40 and to be at any one of a number of positions along a side of table 40 and to be
  • X-ray source 46 is not shown in Fig. 5 but would be above detector 34.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a position of detector 34 suitable for a protocol such as imaging an
  • X-ray source 46 again is not shown in Fig. 6
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a position of detector 34 suitable for x-ray protocols such as a
  • detector 34 is oriented vertically, facing a side of table 40. Typically, the lower edge of the
  • image area of detector 34 is at or higher than table 40.
  • X-ray source 46 in this case would
  • Fig. 8 illustrates detector 34 in a position similar to that in Fig. 7, also in a vertical
  • X-ray source 46 would be across table 40 from detector 34, typically
  • Fig. 9 illustrates detector 34 in a position similar to that in Fig. 1 but shows more of
  • detector 34 coupled electrically and electronically with detector 34 and, if desired, with x-ray source
  • Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment that can use only two degrees of freedom for
  • detector 34 is suitable for x-ray protocols such as imaging patients' feet when weight-
  • column 50 need not be on a lower arm 16 but can be on a support 52 that can be
  • An arm 56 is mounted on a slide 58 that moves along column 50, for
  • Arm 56 is mounted on slide 58 through a bearing at 57 to rotate about a lateral, e.g.,
  • handrail 66 if desired, and stands on a low platform 68 that is essentially transparent to x-
  • Detector 34 can be positioned as illustrated, in a horizontal orientation under
  • X-ray source 46 would be above the patient's feet, with the x-ray
  • An assembled unit comprising steps 64, platform 68 and a handrail 66
  • Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate a locking detent mechanism that can be used for one or
  • a detent is used for the rotation of lower arm 16, column 20 and upper arm 30, and can be used for rotation of detector 34 about bearing 36 (Fig. 7).
  • a similar detent can be used for
  • a plate 100 is secured to, or is a part of the non-rotating element, in this
  • Cogwheel 70 has a pattern of valleys 70a and
  • a cam wheel 72 is mounted for free rotation on a lever 74, which in turn is
  • camwheel 72 rides over the teeth of
  • solenoid 78 To allow rotation of arm 16, solenoid 78 must be used to allow rotation of arm 16, solenoid 78 must be used to allow rotation of arm 16.
  • control button 38a on handle 38 in the case of the
  • rotation about bearing 36 may require only two or three preferred positions C portrait, landscape and diagonal
  • orientations C in which case the cogwheel may need only three valleys between teeth.
  • cogwheel 79 that is used may have a different inclusion angle.
  • the operator can trip switch 38a to engage such clutch or
  • brake arrangement can be used for one or more of the motions described above.
  • respective electric or other motors can be used to drive some or all of the motions
  • proximity and/or impact sensors can be used at the
  • Detector 34 can contain a flat panel detector that converts x-rays directly into
  • detector 34 can contain a flat panel detector that uses a
  • the disclosed system can be used for tomosynthesis motion, where the x-ray source
  • the detector move relative to each other and the patient, or at least one of the source
  • performing tomosynthesis can be used where the source and detector motions relative to
  • the disclosed system provides for a number of motions to accommodate a wide
  • the x-ray detector image plane rotates between vertical and
  • the detector can move between portrait and landscape orientations for non-square detector
  • detector can combine some or all of these motions in order to get to any desired position and orientation.
  • Safety can be enhanced by moving the detector by hand, so the operator can
  • any motion is motorized.
  • easy-stall motors can be used to drive any motion.
  • encoders can be provided to any motion.
  • motor controls can be stored in a computer and used to drive the detector motion for
  • Undesirable motion can be
  • Figs. 13 through 27 illustrate another embodiment.
  • supporting detector 34 in this embodiment comprises a main support 100 (Figs. 26 and 27)
  • a telescoping sleeve rides up and down on support 100.
  • 106 is pivotally mounted on sleeve 104 to pivot about a horizontal axis, and an arm 108 is
  • a support 110 extends from arm 108 and another arm 112 is pivotally secured to
  • Detector 34 is secured to the other end of arm
  • Suitable brakes, clutches, locks , detents and/or counterweights are provided to facilitate positioning
  • detector 34 for a multiplicity of x-ray protocols, either by moving some or all of the
  • table 120 can move up and down (see difference between Figs 14 and 15) and can
  • articulated structure supporting detector 34 comprises a main support 150 mounted on rails
  • telescoping column moves up and down an arm 158 having
  • Detector 34 is mounted at the other end of arm 158 to rotate at least about an axis parallel
  • detector 34 can rotate between horizontal and vertical
  • detector 34 is mounted on arm 158 for
  • patient table 154 is mounted on a telescoping support generally illustrated at 160.
  • Table 160 is a telescoping support generally illustrated at 160.
  • arm 158 can
  • the articulated support for detector 34 can be used for
  • gurney 162 supports the patients and is wheeled to the support for detector 34 that can be
  • Detector 34 in this embodiment can be positioned as illustrated in Figs. 39-42
  • Patient table 170 is mounted on a support to pivot
  • Detector 34 can slide across the length of rails 166, between the positions illustrated in
  • detector 34 can be used
  • Another embodiment for positioning detector 34 relative to a patient bed is
  • detector 34 is secured to a patient platform
  • Detector 34 is
  • detector 34 can slide along the length of
  • detector 34 can slide across the length of platform 180 so it clears the platform (in top plan
  • the patient can stand on a support 185 that can be made to move up and
  • Detector 34 can be on a rolling articulated support stmcture, as illustrated in Figs.
  • a wheeled platform 200 supports a vertical column 202 that in
  • the rolling structure can be
  • a patient bed 208 that can move up and down on its telescoping support 208 (compare Figs. 51 and 52) and along its length (see different positions of bed 206
  • the detector support stmcture can be used without a patient bed, for
  • a standard x-ray source 46 can be used.
  • detector 34 can be supported
  • detector 34 is mounted on an arm 258 articulated at 260 for rotation about an
  • arm 258 can rotate about an axis parallel to one of its
  • FIGs. 58 and 59 illustrate
  • the system as described can be enhanced in a variety of other ways to improve
  • the pixel size in the object plane can be calculated
  • imaging detector distance (OID) for a digital detector is different than that for film.
  • the OID that maximizes object sharpness in the object plane is 0, i.e. the object plane
  • the optimum distance can be where
  • the pixel size is a minima. This occurs for non-zero OID, and in a flat panel system with a
  • the optimum OID is
  • the calibration of the pixel size in the object plane depends on the magnification
  • the effective pixel size is known, and the
  • workstation software can use or display the information to establish a metric for the pixel
  • the image could be remapped into one where the pixel size had a
  • magnification factor of 1 this is useful in situations where the image is printed on
  • One method is to measure the SID and OID.
  • encoders or sensors can determine the SID and
  • the SID and OID can be inferred from the acquisition protocol, for example in a standing chest image, the SID might be known to be 72 inches.
  • image processing of the acquired image might allow the
  • fiducial phantom in the field of view, or through direct analysis of the acquired image.
  • the acquisition parameters such as x-ray tube voltage kVp and power mAs and
  • this dose information is inserted into the patient
  • radiographic system One embodiment of this would be a radiolucent frame (not shown in
  • the detector 34 vertical position can be positioned independently of the
  • an encoder or sensor (not
  • the detector mechanically locks into the bed frame, so it would move vertically along with the patient bed.
  • the detector can be rotated from portrait
  • One method of determining the detector orientation is through the use of encoders or
  • this information can be used in a
  • the orientation information can be inserted in the patient record or
  • DICOM header file on the coordinate system of the acquired image.
  • This information can additionally be used to reorient the
  • the software can determine from the detector
  • the image can be computer-analyzed and the orientation of the imaged body part determined through image processing means. The image can then be rotated before
  • X-ray sources have an emission pattern that is non-uniform.
  • the so-called heel effect causes the energy and flux to vary depending upon the
  • the anode In film-screen imaging, the anode is positioned
  • the heel effect can be corrected.
  • the orientation of the detector relative to the x-ray source is used to
  • non-uniformity can be calculated, measured in previous calibration procedures, or
  • Anti-scatter grids are often made
  • the intensity of the non-uniformity is also dependent upon the SID.
  • the system uses sensors to determine the orientation of the grid relative to the detector. This information is used,
  • microswitches or other sensor means can be used to disable the grid cutoff correction if the
  • anti-scatter grid is not present, and enable it when the grid is present.
  • the appropriate calibration table can be accessed and used to correct the image.
  • sensor means determine not only the
  • the image correction methods can correct for the characteristics of the specific image
  • the sensor signal indicating the presence or absence of the anti-scatter grid can also be used.
  • Still another embodiment of the anti-scatter grid correction method involves an
  • heel effect can be analyzed and corrected similarly.
  • the anti-scatter grid and the detector do not have to maintain a specified orientation
  • Sensors, encoders, or switches can be used to measure these parameters, and the system
  • the detector and x-ray source are tilted relative to
  • control system can be used by the control system to determine if the detector is improperly
  • the x-ray exposure can be prevented using interlock means, or a
  • warning can be presented to the operator.
  • the x-ray source can be moved into the correct
  • orientation and SID relative to the detector depending upon the protocol chosen by the operator.
  • the detector is moved by hand to the desired location. The position and
  • orientation of the detector are determined by sensor or encoder means, and then with
  • detection mechanisms provide safety for personnel and for equipment.
  • the position and orientation of the x-ray source and detector can be determined
  • tracking and digitizing systems such as currently manufactured by Polhemus Corporation
  • Anti-scatter grids are often employed in radiographic imaging to reduce the image-
  • Stationary anti-scatter grids can be
  • One embodiment employs a mechanical
  • Reciprocating grid assemblies can be expensive, and can cause unwanted vibration, so
  • One embodiment for stationary grids employs image processing means to remove the periodic
  • This algorithm can utilize the grid sensors
  • the detector pixel-pitch has a period exactly 1 :1 (or an integral multiple
  • Anti-scatter grids are composed of alternating laminae and spacers
  • the detector housing can allow the mechanical mounting of the grid
  • Fig. 60 for a schematic illustrating
  • Such a system can have a greater insensitivity to manufacturing tolerances of the grid and detector pixels.
  • Fig. 60 illustrates a focusing anti-scatter grid. In these grids, the pitch of the septa
  • pitch that determines the moire pattern is the pitch of the grid septa facing the detector.
  • the patient is positioned as
  • the resultant image is displayed, and is
  • the patient can cradle the image receptor, as with film.
  • a preferred embodiment of the system will include handles on
  • the detector housing for patient gripping. If there are controls on the detector housing that
  • Imaging protocols on the bed can also benefit from
  • Another use of the vertical column can be as a support stand for a
  • Another important design criteria for the system is to protect the detector from
  • the detector housing is designed for easy
  • housing could be in the rear of the housing, away from the front surface.
  • the seam could be sealed with an o-ring to further
  • Analog-digital converters analog-digital converters, amplifiers, and other
  • detector housing can have means to maintain a stable temperature, or at least prevent the
  • the controlling computer system automatically keeps a log of
  • the system measures and stores a history of each exposure and its associated parameters, such as: exposure time, x-ray tube current and kV,
  • the system also keeps a record of image
  • This database can be used to evaluate
  • system and operator performance.
  • system performs automatic
  • a film system offers useful warning on x-ray malfunction, because the
  • a digital system has a greater
  • This analysis can be performed on images taken in a
  • calibrations can proceed essentially without user intervention, and can be performed on a
  • system can be controlled
  • debugging and maintenance can be offered by a service organization and provide faster
  • the remote user would be able to access and analyze image and calibration files, and control the system to
  • the operator will control the exposure time and voltage, and
  • the set of acquisition protocols can be organized in a
  • the hierarchy is most conveniently organized by body
  • each lower level containing a list of more and more specific body regions.
  • the protocol AP Oblique of the Toes is accessed through a folder selection like
  • Information on the acquisition protocol can also be automatically inserted into the patient
  • the image typically is processed before display to optimize its performance.
  • the image contains areas of greatly varying x-ray exposure, from areas with little exposure
  • the system will determine the location of the area of interest, and will adjust and map the image into one that optimizes the display of that area.
  • the system will determine the location of the area of interest, and will adjust and map the image into one that optimizes the display of that area.
  • the operator will indicate on the image the approximate region of
  • the desired area for analysis, and the display will then be optimized to the exposure in that
  • This system can take the form of a mouse-controlled cursor, which is used to click
  • the computer on or outline or otherwise define the area.
  • the computer in another preferred embodiment, the computer
  • the display might optimize the display of the lungs, spine, or other organ
  • mapping transformation information on the mapping transformation
  • thumbnail image of the study is displayed next to the textual information. This provides a

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  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract

Un détecteur numérique de rayons X bidimensionnel à panneau plat (34) se déplace de façon fiable, en toute sécurité et de façon commode pour atteindre diverses positions correspondant à différents protocoles de rayons X pour un patient debout, assis ou couché. Ce système fait qu'il est pratique d'utiliser le même détecteur pour plusieurs protocoles qui nécessiteraient autrement un équipement différent. Le système tire avantage de caractéristiques remarquables des détecteurs numériques à panneau plat tout en éliminant les effets de caractéristiques moins attirantes telles que le coût élevé, le poids et la fragilité de tels détecteurs.
EP00970589A 1999-10-06 2000-10-05 Positionnement d'un detecteur numerique de rayons x a panneau plat en radiologie de diagnostic Withdrawn EP1224681A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41326699A 1999-10-06 1999-10-06
US413266 1999-10-06
US449457 1999-11-24
US09/449,457 US6282264B1 (en) 1999-10-06 1999-11-25 Digital flat panel x-ray detector positioning in diagnostic radiology
PCT/US2000/027485 WO2001026132A1 (fr) 1999-10-06 2000-10-05 Positionnement d'un detecteur numerique de rayons x a panneau plat en radiologie de diagnostic

Publications (2)

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EP1224681A1 EP1224681A1 (fr) 2002-07-24
EP1224681A4 true EP1224681A4 (fr) 2003-07-09

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EP (1) EP1224681A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003527886A (fr)
AU (1) AU7994400A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001026132A1 (fr)

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FR2829013A1 (fr) 2001-08-30 2003-03-07 I2M Procede de radiologie numerique dispositif et installation de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
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JP4206784B2 (ja) * 2003-03-04 2009-01-14 株式会社島津製作所 Ｘ線撮影装置
CN100496398C (zh) * 2004-03-08 2009-06-10 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 X射线系统的天花板支架
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JP2008125981A (ja) * 2006-11-24 2008-06-05 Shimadzu Corp 一般撮影システム
WO2008157546A1 (fr) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-24 Rubbermaid Incorporated Chariot avec porte-câble flexible
JP2010042197A (ja) * 2008-08-18 2010-02-25 Fujifilm Corp 可搬型放射線画像検出装置及び放射線画像撮影システム
CA2727236C (fr) * 2009-03-04 2015-08-18 Sociedad Espanola De Electromedicina Y Calidad, S.A. Equipement a rayons x pour la realisation d'une tomosynthese
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JP5348172B2 (ja) * 2011-04-28 2013-11-20 株式会社島津製作所 放射線撮影装置
CN102836506B (zh) * 2011-06-20 2015-07-08 重庆微海软件开发有限公司 超声治疗设备的安全防撞系统和方法
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JP7224203B2 (ja) * 2019-02-22 2023-02-17 キヤノンメディカルシステムズ株式会社 医用画像診断装置、及び医用寝台装置
CN112315492A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-02-05 张桂英 一种放射科立体成像检查装置
US20220280125A1 (en) * 2021-03-02 2022-09-08 Carestream Health, Inc. X-ray bed
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EP1224681A1 (fr) 2002-07-24
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JP2003527886A (ja) 2003-09-24

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