EP1224360A1 - Construction and insulation material - Google Patents

Construction and insulation material

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Publication number
EP1224360A1
EP1224360A1 EP00971110A EP00971110A EP1224360A1 EP 1224360 A1 EP1224360 A1 EP 1224360A1 EP 00971110 A EP00971110 A EP 00971110A EP 00971110 A EP00971110 A EP 00971110A EP 1224360 A1 EP1224360 A1 EP 1224360A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
snippets
building
material according
insulating material
adhesive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00971110A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1224360B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Krassnitzer
Theobald Krassnitzer
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to SI200030822T priority Critical patent/SI1224360T1/en
Publication of EP1224360A1 publication Critical patent/EP1224360A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1224360B1 publication Critical patent/EP1224360B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/746—Recycled materials, e.g. made of used tires, bumpers or newspapers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building and insulating material using small parts made of foamed plastic, such as expandable polystyrene (EPS).
  • foamed plastic such as expandable polystyrene (EPS).
  • So-called lightweight materials as they are used in a wide variety of ways today to improve thermal insulation, contain, apart from straw, wood wool and the like, organic light components in most cases in addition to concrete or corresponding binders as the actual lightweight material, elements made of foamed plastic, such as the one below foamed polystyrene known by the brand ST ⁇ ROPOR.
  • foamed plastics are used for use in a building or insulating material either in the form of small balls, or in the form of shredded material in shredders, with parts made of foamed plastic, such as packaging or the like, which have already been used as the starting material , can be recycled.
  • the major disadvantage of using foamed plastic in the form of small balls is the fact that the cohesion of the entire composite material is only relatively poor due to the shape of the plastic particles - as easily conceivable, these particles "run apart" without mutual support, so that If the spaces between the individual plastic spheres are completely closed by the adhesive or binder, the material obtained has the disadvantage of very poor water vapor permeability - the known foamed plastics laid in sheet form External thermal insulation of buildings can, for example, only have a layer thickness of approx. 4 cm, because the vapor barrier effect of the plate becomes so great that there are condensation phenomena with correspondingly serious disadvantages inside the wall to be insulated mmt.
  • the tearing mechanisms used in known recycling techniques of such foamed plastics in turn have the disadvantage that the resulting snippets no longer have closed pores on the surface, so that water and the like can penetrate into the interior, which in the overall composite of the construction and insulation material has major disadvantages with regard to the Insulating effect and also with regard to bacterial infestation and the like.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned of the known building and insulating materials of the type described and to provide such a material which, in particular, improves the water vapor permeability with consistently good insulation and long-term durability guaranteed.
  • the use of recycled foamed plastic should also be possible without any problems.
  • this object is achieved in the case of a material of the type mentioned at the outset in that it has angular snippets of foamed plastic, such as, for example, poystyrene, which in turn have pores which are closed on all sides and are arranged adjacent to one another with the leaving of free spaces.
  • foamed plastic such as, for example, poystyrene
  • Such angular snippets can be produced, for example, similarly to that described in DE 25 16 461 A1, by moving or dropping correspondingly fusible, foamed plastic material through cutting grids with heated cutting wires staggered one behind the other, which results in certain sizes according to the mesh size after the last cutting grid of essentially cubic-shaped edged snippets, which have melted-on pores on all sides due to the melting process of the cutting wires. Since the thickness of the superficial enamel skin on such angular chips can easily be influenced via the cutting parameters (temperature, cutting speed, etc.), the corresponding properties of the chips obtained can easily be adapted to the respective requirements. Apart from, for example, new material in sheet form, plastic parts that have already been used once, for example as packaging, can also be recycled.
  • these angular snippets can, for example, be introduced directly into the spaces to be filled, for example blown in, no further binding or strengthening being required.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is advantageous for the most diverse purposes of using such building and insulating materials, according to which the snippets are superficially covered with adhesive, adhesive or binding material. are coated and brought together to the desired shape before it hardens.
  • a wetting agent can initially be used in the production of such at least partially bound layers or molds, after which the angular snippets, for example, in a free-fall mixer with binder (cement and the like) and if necessary also add aggregates (sand and the like) and then bring them into the desired shape (for example wall layers, building blocks or the like) before these agents harden.
  • the snippets preferably have an irregular size and / or shape, which can ensure a good thermal insulation effect with excellent water vapor diffusion.
  • the building and insulating material according to the invention is preferably used as a building block or as a surface layer.
  • the angular snippets have to be treated on the surface with appropriate binders as described above.
  • the building block can be processed as usual (cut, laid, etc.). Apart from that, it would of course also be possible to manufacture strands with suitable machines.
  • the material which is somehow bound or solidified at least on the surface of the respective layer can be used as described; if such surface layers are to be attached to substantially vertical walls (for example outer walls of houses or the like), the snippets are filled in a preferred embodiment of the invention before the adhesive, adhesive or binding agent cures behind a formwork spaced apart from the surface to be coated.
  • Fastening elements such as dowel screws or the like provided with large holding surfaces, can be attached beforehand together with the formwork, with which the hardened vertical surface layer is securely held on the wall to be insulated after the formwork has been removed. With such insulating layers, unevenness in the wall can also be easily compensated for.
  • the advantages according to the invention in which the construction and insulation material has a thermal insulation which is practically independent of the water vapor permeability, also come into play here again.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a device for producing snippets from foamed plastic for building and insulating material according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows as an example a single angular snip be made of foamed plastic for construction and insulation material according to the invention, produced for example in a device according to Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows various uses of the construction and insulation material according to the invention on a partially cut multi-storey house
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial section through an outer wall with a vertical insulating layer made of building and insulating material according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a building corner set with building blocks made of building and insulating material according to the present invention.
  • three cutting frames 2 are installed offset in height in the essentially upright shredding unit 1, the heating wires 3 of which are supplied with heating current in a manner not shown here and are thus heated.
  • EPS expanded poystyrene
  • These parts fall on the next cutting frame 2, whereby they come to lie relatively disordered and are further shredded; after passing through the third cutting frame 2, essentially cubic snippets 5 are formed - shown enlarged in FIG. 2.
  • the size and shape of the snippets 5 can be influenced by the grid width or alignment of the cutting frame 2.
  • the thickness and consistency of the resulting melt skin on the surface of the snippets 5 can be influenced particularly by the temperature of the heating wires 3.
  • the chips 5 accumulating on the underside of the comminution device according to FIG. 1 in a collecting area 6 can be sucked off continuously or intermittently via a blower 7 and transported further via a line 8, the inlet side of this blower 7 being at a distance from the underside of the collecting area 6 here , so that the sucked-in air is not sucked through the entire cutting device.
  • the snippets 5 made of foamed plastic, for example in the manner described, are angular and have pores which are closed on all sides, so that no water, no microorganisms or the like can penetrate the snippets 5.
  • These snippets 5 are eminently suitable as building and insulating material, as can easily be seen, for example, from FIG. 3.
  • a layer 10 of snippets 5 is filled between the latter and the surrounding soil, which serves to isolate and dry this area.
  • Standing surface layers 14 are arranged on the outer wall 12 of the building and on the inner wall 13 of the basement and attic, the manufacture of which is explained in more detail in relation to FIG. 4, and which consist of snippets 5 which are superficial with adhesive, adhesive or binder have been encased and filled before being hardened behind a formwork spaced apart from the surface to be coated.
  • these layers could also consist of pre-assembled plates, for example brought together with tongue and groove, which in turn are suitably constructed from material according to the present invention.
  • unbound layers of snippets 5 are provided behind appropriate cladding.
  • the floors 17 are each provided with at least partially unbound corresponding layers which are superficially covered, for example, with tread plates or can also have thin screed layers or the like.
  • the essential advantage of the material according to the invention comes into play that the layer thickness can be easily increased to increase the thermal insulation without the water vapor diffusion through the layer being significantly impaired or worsened thereby.
  • 4 shows an example of the production of a surface layer with material according to the present invention on essentially vertical walls.
  • dowels 18 are placed in the unplastered wall 19, into which longer screws with large washers are screwed.
  • Formwork beams 20, which can extend over two to four grid fields and are, for example, one grid field wide, are mounted on the outside in the intended layer thickness spacing. Window and door recesses are attached to the formwork panels 20 in a manner that cannot be seen here by means of lost or removable frames.
  • the snippets 5 are encased in a free-fall or compulsory mixer with binder (wall binder plus sand, cement plus sand and additives, or the like) and water and then filled behind the formwork beam 20. After setting, the formwork can be removed, the resulting layer being held securely to the wall by means of the dowels 18. The finished insulating layer can then be reinforced and plastered in a known manner if desired.
  • FIG. 5 shows the use of building blocks 21, which are produced in a known manner by filling angular snippets 5 coated on the surface with adhesive, adhesive or binding agent into corresponding shapes.
  • the spaces in the building blocks 21 can be filled with concrete or the like for a number of rows arranged one above the other, provided with reinforcing irons, cable ducts or the like, or can also be left empty in certain areas.
  • the material of the block 21 in turn brings the advantages of the invention which have already been mentioned several times - the thickness can be used to select the thermal insulation which is independent of the water vapor permeability determined via the remaining channels between the angular snippets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

According to the invention, angular chips (5) of foamed plastic, for example, expandable polystyrene, having pores on their surface which are closed on all sides, are arranged adjacent to one another either loosely or are bound superficially by a coating of binding agents or similar, preserving any continuous intermediate spaces between the chips. In this way, the material thus produced exhibits a permeability to vapour which is practically independent of its thermal insulation properties.

Description

Bau- und Isoliermaterial Construction and insulation material
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bau- und Isoliermaterial unter Verwendung von Kleinteilen aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, wie beispielsweise expandierbarem Polystyrol (EPS).The invention relates to a building and insulating material using small parts made of foamed plastic, such as expandable polystyrene (EPS).
Sogenannte Leichtbaustoffe, wie sie heutzutage speziell zur Verbesserung der Wärmeisolierung vielfältigste Verwendung finden, enthalten abgesehen von Stroh, Holzwolle und dergleichen organischen Leicht-Bestandteilen in den meisten Fällen neben Beton bzw. entsprechenden Bindemitteln als eigentlichen Leichtbau-Werkstoff Elemente aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, beispielsweise das unter der Marke STΥROPOR bekannte geschäumte Polystyrol. Diese geschäumten Kunststoffe werden zur Verwendung in einem Bau- bzw. Isoliermaterial entweder in Form kleiner Kugeln zugesetzt, oder aber in Form von in Reißwerken in Schnipselform zerkleinertem Material, wobei dafür als Ausgangsstoff auch bereits einmal verwendete Teile aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, wie etwa Verpackungen oder dergleichen, wieder verwertet werden können.So-called lightweight materials, as they are used in a wide variety of ways today to improve thermal insulation, contain, apart from straw, wood wool and the like, organic light components in most cases in addition to concrete or corresponding binders as the actual lightweight material, elements made of foamed plastic, such as the one below foamed polystyrene known by the brand STΥROPOR. These foamed plastics are used for use in a building or insulating material either in the form of small balls, or in the form of shredded material in shredders, with parts made of foamed plastic, such as packaging or the like, which have already been used as the starting material , can be recycled.
Der große Nachteil bei der Verwendung von in Form kleiner Kugeln vorliegendem geschäumtem Kunststoff ist darin zu sehen, dass der Zusammenhalt des gesamten Verbundmaterials durch die Form der Kunststoffteilchen nur relativ schlecht ist - wie leicht vorstellbar, „rinnen" diese Teilchen ohne gegenseitigen Halt auseinander, sodass den entsprechenden Haft- bzw. Bindemitteln erhöhte Bedeutung zukommt. Soferne die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Kunststoffkügelchen durch das Haft- bzw. Bindemittel vollkommen geschlossen sind, hat andererseits das erhaltene Material den Nachteil einer sehr schlechten Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit - die bekannten, in Plattenform verlegten geschäumten Kunststoffe zur äußeren Wärmeisolierung von Gebäuden können beispielsweise sinnvoll nur ca. 4 cm Schichtdicke aufweisen, da darüber die Dampfsperrwirkung der Platte so groß wird, dass es im Inneren der zu isolierenden Mauer zu Kondensationserscheinungen mit entsprechend gravierenden Nachteilen kommt.The major disadvantage of using foamed plastic in the form of small balls is the fact that the cohesion of the entire composite material is only relatively poor due to the shape of the plastic particles - as easily conceivable, these particles "run apart" without mutual support, so that If the spaces between the individual plastic spheres are completely closed by the adhesive or binder, the material obtained has the disadvantage of very poor water vapor permeability - the known foamed plastics laid in sheet form External thermal insulation of buildings can, for example, only have a layer thickness of approx. 4 cm, because the vapor barrier effect of the plate becomes so great that there are condensation phenomena with correspondingly serious disadvantages inside the wall to be insulated mmt.
Die bei bekannten Recycling-Techniken derartiger geschäumter Kunststoffe verwendeten Reißwerke haben wiederum den Nachteil, dass die entstehenden Schnipsel oberflächlich keine geschlossenen Poren mehr aufweisen, sodaß Wasser und Ähnliches ins Innere eindringen kann, was im Gesamtverbund des Bau- und Isoliermaterials große Nachteile im Hinblick auf die Isolierwirkung sowie auch im Hinblick auf Bakterienbefall und Ähnliches bringt. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die erwähnten Nachteile der bekannten Bau- und Isoliermaterialien der beschriebenen Art zu vermeiden und ein derartiges Material bereitzustellen, welches insbesonders eine Verbesserung der Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit bei gleichbleibend guter Isolierung sowie eine Langzeithaltbarkeit garantiert. Darüber hinaus soll auch die Verwendung von wiederverwertetem geschäumtem Kunststoff problemlos möglich sein.The tearing mechanisms used in known recycling techniques of such foamed plastics in turn have the disadvantage that the resulting snippets no longer have closed pores on the surface, so that water and the like can penetrate into the interior, which in the overall composite of the construction and insulation material has major disadvantages with regard to the Insulating effect and also with regard to bacterial infestation and the like. The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned of the known building and insulating materials of the type described and to provide such a material which, in particular, improves the water vapor permeability with consistently good insulation and long-term durability guaranteed. In addition, the use of recycled foamed plastic should also be possible without any problems.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bei einem Material der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass dieses kantige Schnipseln aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, wie beispielsweise Poystyrol, aufweist, welche ihrerseits an der Oberfläche allseitig geschlossene Poren aufweisen und unter Freilassung von durchgehenden Zwischenräumen aneinanderliegend angeordnet sind.According to the present invention, this object is achieved in the case of a material of the type mentioned at the outset in that it has angular snippets of foamed plastic, such as, for example, poystyrene, which in turn have pores which are closed on all sides and are arranged adjacent to one another with the leaving of free spaces.
Derartige kantige Schnipsel können beispielsweise ähnlich wie in der DE 25 16 461 AI beschrieben dadurch hergestellt werden, dass entsprechend schmelzbares, geschäumtes Kunststoffmaterial durch hintereinander kreuzweise versetzt angeordnete Schneidgitter mit erhitzten Schneiddrähten bewegt oder fallengelassen wird, womit sich nach dem letzten Schneidgitter entsprechend der Maschenweite bestimmte Größen von im wesentlichen kubisch geformten kantigen Schnipseln ergeben, die durch den Durchschmelzvorgang der Schneiddrähte an der Oberfläche allseitig geschlossene, zugeschmolzene Poren aufweisen. Da die Dicke der oberflächlichen Schmelzhaut an derartigen kantigen Schnipseln über die Schneidparameter (Temperatur, Schnittgeschwindigkeit, usw.) leicht beeinflussbar ist, können die entsprechenden Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Schnipsel leicht den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden. Abgesehen von beispielsweise in Plattenform vorliegendem Neumaterial können dabei auch bereits einmal, beispielsweise als Verpackung, verwendete Kunststoffteile wieder verwertet werden.Such angular snippets can be produced, for example, similarly to that described in DE 25 16 461 A1, by moving or dropping correspondingly fusible, foamed plastic material through cutting grids with heated cutting wires staggered one behind the other, which results in certain sizes according to the mesh size after the last cutting grid of essentially cubic-shaped edged snippets, which have melted-on pores on all sides due to the melting process of the cutting wires. Since the thickness of the superficial enamel skin on such angular chips can easily be influenced via the cutting parameters (temperature, cutting speed, etc.), the corresponding properties of the chips obtained can easily be adapted to the respective requirements. Apart from, for example, new material in sheet form, plastic parts that have already been used once, for example as packaging, can also be recycled.
Wenn man nun derartige kantige Schnipsel beispielsweise in einem Schichtverbund auf einem zu isolierenden Boden aufbringt und diese Schicht dann mit einer entsprechend widerstandsfähigen Deckschicht versieht, hat man eine hochwirksame Isolierschicht aus geschäumten Kunststoffschnipseln, die nicht auseinander läuft (wie die beschriebenen Kunst- stoffkügelchen) und trotzdem dazwischen einen relativ großen Anteil an freien Diffusionskanälen für den Austausch von Wasserdampf aufweist, sodass auch eine Verbesserung der Wärmeisolierung durch Schichtdickenerhöhung keinen negativen Einfluß auf die Wasserdampfdiffusion ausübt.If you now apply such angular snippets, for example in a layer composite on a floor to be insulated, and then provide this layer with a correspondingly resistant cover layer, you have a highly effective insulating layer made of foamed plastic snippets that does not run apart (like the described plastic beads) and still in between has a relatively large proportion of free diffusion channels for the exchange of water vapor, so that an improvement in the thermal insulation by increasing the layer thickness does not have a negative influence on the water vapor diffusion.
Diese kantigen Schnipsel können beispielsweise bei Dachhautisolierungen unmittelbar in die zu füllenden Zwischenräume eingebracht, beispielsweise eingeblasen, werden, wobei es keiner weiteren Abbindung bzw. Festigung bedarf. Für verschiedenste Zwecke der Verwendung derartiger Bau- und Isoliermaterialien ist aber eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung von Vorteil, gemäß welcher die Schnipsel oberflächlich mit Klebe-, Haft- oder Bin- demittel ummantelt und vor dessen Aushärtung zur gewünschten Form zusammengebracht sind. Da die oberflächliche Schmelzschicht bei der Herstellung der Schnipsel auf die oben beschriebene Art relativ wasserabweisend ist, kann bei der Herstellung derartiger zumindest teilweise gebundener Schichten oder Formen vorerst ein Netzmittel eingesetzt werden, wonach die kantigen Schnipsel beispielsweise in einem Freifallmischer mit Bindemittel (Zement und dergleichen) und gegebenenfalls auch Zuschlagmitteln (Sand und dergleichen) versehen und sodann vor der Aushärtung dieser Mittel in die gewünschte Form (beispielsweise Wandschichten, Bausteine oder dergleichen) gebracht werden.In the case of roof skin insulation, these angular snippets can, for example, be introduced directly into the spaces to be filled, for example blown in, no further binding or strengthening being required. However, a further embodiment of the invention is advantageous for the most diverse purposes of using such building and insulating materials, according to which the snippets are superficially covered with adhesive, adhesive or binding material. are coated and brought together to the desired shape before it hardens. Since the superficial enamel layer is relatively water-repellent in the production of the snippets in the manner described above, a wetting agent can initially be used in the production of such at least partially bound layers or molds, after which the angular snippets, for example, in a free-fall mixer with binder (cement and the like) and if necessary also add aggregates (sand and the like) and then bring them into the desired shape (for example wall layers, building blocks or the like) before these agents harden.
Die Schnipsel weisen bevorzugt unregelmäßige Größe und/oder Form auf, womit eine gute thermische Isolierwirkung bei gleichzeitig hervorragender Wasserdampfdiffusion sichergestellt werden kann.The snippets preferably have an irregular size and / or shape, which can ensure a good thermal insulation effect with excellent water vapor diffusion.
Bevorzugt wird das Bau- und Isoliermaterial gemäß der Erfindung als Baustein oder als Flächenschicht verwendet. Zur Herstellung von Bausteinen sind die kantigen Schnipsel wie oben beschrieben oberflächlich mit entsprechenden Bindemitteln behandelt in die Bausteinform einzubringen - nach dem Aushärten kann der Baustein wie üblich verarbeitet (geschnitten, verlegt, usw.) werden. Davon abgesehen wäre aber natürlich auch eine Strangherstellung mit geeigneten Maschinen möglich. Zur Herstellung von Flächenschichten kann das zumindest an der Oberfläche der jeweiligen Schicht wie beschrieben irgendwie gebundene oder verfestigte Material sehr einfach verwendet werden; sofern derartige Flächenschichten an im wesentlichen senkrechten Wänden (beispielsweise Außenwänden von Häusern oder dergleichen) angebracht werden sollen, werden die Schnipsel in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor der Aushärtung der Klebe-, Haft- oder Bindemittel hinter eine der zu beschichtenden Fläche beabstandete Schalung gefüllt. Es können dabei Befestigungselemente, wie etwa mit großen Halteflächen versehene Dübelschrauben oder dergleichen bereits vorher zusammen mit der Schalung angebracht werden, womit die ausgehärtete senkrechte Flächenschicht nach Abnahme der Schalung sicher an der zu isolierenden Wand gehalten wird. Mit derartigen Isolierschichten können auch sehr leicht Wandunebenheiten ausgeglichen werden. Im übrigen kommen auch hier wieder die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile voll zum Tragen, gemäß welchen das Bau- und Isoliermaterial eine von der Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit praktisch unabhängige Wärmeisolierung aufweist.The building and insulating material according to the invention is preferably used as a building block or as a surface layer. For the production of building blocks, the angular snippets have to be treated on the surface with appropriate binders as described above. After hardening, the building block can be processed as usual (cut, laid, etc.). Apart from that, it would of course also be possible to manufacture strands with suitable machines. For the production of surface layers, the material which is somehow bound or solidified at least on the surface of the respective layer can be used as described; if such surface layers are to be attached to substantially vertical walls (for example outer walls of houses or the like), the snippets are filled in a preferred embodiment of the invention before the adhesive, adhesive or binding agent cures behind a formwork spaced apart from the surface to be coated. Fastening elements, such as dowel screws or the like provided with large holding surfaces, can be attached beforehand together with the formwork, with which the hardened vertical surface layer is securely held on the wall to be insulated after the formwork has been removed. With such insulating layers, unevenness in the wall can also be easily compensated for. For the rest, the advantages according to the invention, in which the construction and insulation material has a thermal insulation which is practically independent of the water vapor permeability, also come into play here again.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden noch anhand der teilweise schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt dabei einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Schnipseln aus geschäumtem Kunststoff für Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach der vorliegenden Erfindung, Fig. 2 zeigt als Beispiel einen einzigen kantigen Schnip- sei aus geschäumtem Kunststoff für Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach der Erfindung, hergestellt beispielsweise in einer Einrichtung nach Fig. 1, Fig. 3 zeigt verschiedene Verwendungsmöglichkeiten des erfindungsgemäßen Bau- und Isoliermaterials an einem teilweise geschnittenen mehrgeschossigen Haus, Fig. 4 zeigt einen teilweisen Schnitt durch eine Außenwand mit einer senkrechten Isolierschicht aus Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach der vorliegenden Erfindung und Fig. 5 zeigt ein Beispiel für eine Gebäudeecke gesetzt mit Bausteinen aus Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach der vorliegenden Erfindung.The invention is explained below with reference to the partially schematic drawings. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a device for producing snippets from foamed plastic for building and insulating material according to the present invention, FIG. 2 shows as an example a single angular snip be made of foamed plastic for construction and insulation material according to the invention, produced for example in a device according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows various uses of the construction and insulation material according to the invention on a partially cut multi-storey house, Fig. 4 shows a partial section through an outer wall with a vertical insulating layer made of building and insulating material according to the present invention and FIG. 5 shows an example of a building corner set with building blocks made of building and insulating material according to the present invention.
Gemäß Fig. 1 sind in der im wesentlichen aufrechtstehenden Zerkleinerungseinheit 1 drei Schneidrahmen 2 höhenversetzt eingebaut, deren Heizdrähte 3 auf hier nicht dargestellte Weise mit Heizstrom versorgt und damit erhitzt werden. Oben aufgelegte Körper 4 aus schmelzbarem geschäumtem Kunststoff, wie beispielsweise expandiertem Poystyrol (EPS) sinken durch ihr Eigengewicht (könnten aber natürlich auch nach unten gedrückt werden) durch den obersten Schneidrahmen 2, der entweder bei gitterartig linear gespannten Heizdrähten Scheiben aus den Körpern 4 schneidet oder aber bei bereits kreuzweise angeordneten Schneiddrähten längliche Quader. Diese Teile fallen auf den nächsten Schneidrahmen 2, wobei sie relativ ungeordnet zu liegen kommen und weiter zerkleinert werden; nach dem Durchgang durch den dritten Schneidrahmen 2 entstehen im wesentlichen kubische Schnipsel 5 - vergrößert dargestellt in Fig. 2.1, three cutting frames 2 are installed offset in height in the essentially upright shredding unit 1, the heating wires 3 of which are supplied with heating current in a manner not shown here and are thus heated. Bodies 4 placed on top of meltable foamed plastic, such as expanded poystyrene (EPS), sink through their own weight (but could of course also be pressed down) through the uppermost cutting frame 2, which either cuts disks from the bodies 4 with linearly stretched heating wires or but elongated cuboids with cutting wires already arranged crosswise. These parts fall on the next cutting frame 2, whereby they come to lie relatively disordered and are further shredded; after passing through the third cutting frame 2, essentially cubic snippets 5 are formed - shown enlarged in FIG. 2.
Durch die Gitterweite bzw. Ausrichtung der Schneidrahmen 2 kann Größe und Form der Schnipsel 5 beeinflusst werden. Speziell durch die Temperatur der Heizdrähte 3 kann die entstehende Schmelzhaut an der Oberfläche der Schnipsel 5 in Dicke und Konsistenz beeinflusst werden. Die an der Unterseite der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einem Sammelbereich 6 anfallenden Schnipsel 5 können kontinuierlich oder auch intermittierend über ein Gebläse 7 abgesaugt und über eine Leitung 8 weitertransportiert werden, wobei die Einlaufseite dieses Gebläses 7 hier einen Abstand zur Unterseite des Sammelbereiches 6 aufweist, sodass die angesaugte Luft nicht durch die gesamte Schneideinrichtung gesaugt wird.The size and shape of the snippets 5 can be influenced by the grid width or alignment of the cutting frame 2. The thickness and consistency of the resulting melt skin on the surface of the snippets 5 can be influenced particularly by the temperature of the heating wires 3. The chips 5 accumulating on the underside of the comminution device according to FIG. 1 in a collecting area 6 can be sucked off continuously or intermittently via a blower 7 and transported further via a line 8, the inlet side of this blower 7 being at a distance from the underside of the collecting area 6 here , so that the sucked-in air is not sucked through the entire cutting device.
Die beispielsweise auf die beschriebene Art hergestellten Schnipsel 5 aus geschäumtem Kunststoff sind kantig und weisen an der Oberfläche allseitig geschlossene Poren auf, sodass kein Wasser, keine Mikroorganismen oder dergleichen in die Schnipsel 5 eindringen können. Diese Schnipsel 5 eignen sich hervorragend als Bau- und Isoliermaterial, wie dies beispielsweise anhand der Fig. 3 leicht zu ersehen ist. Hier ist beispielsweise im Bereich der Kelleraußenwand 9 zwischen dieser und dem umgebenden Erdreich eine Schicht 10 aus Schnipseln 5 eingefüllt, die zur Isolierung und Trocknung dieses Bereiches dient. Durch die Atmungsaktivität der Kellerwände 9 und durch die Temperaturdifferenz Kellerraum-Erdreich bedingt, wird der im Raum vorhandene Wasserdampf auf die kältere Außenseite geleitet und soll von dort ungehindert an die Außenluft oder an das umgebene Material abgegeben werden. Nach der üblichen Art, Wände unter dem Erdniveau mit wasserundurchlässigen Schichten (-Bitumen oder Kunststoffanstriche, Dachpappe, Folien, vollflächig geklebten, dichten Isolierplatten und anderem) direkt abzudichten, um Eindringen von Sicker und Stauwasser in die Wände zu vermelden wird die Atmungsaktivität vollständig verhindert - der Keller wird feucht.The snippets 5 made of foamed plastic, for example in the manner described, are angular and have pores which are closed on all sides, so that no water, no microorganisms or the like can penetrate the snippets 5. These snippets 5 are eminently suitable as building and insulating material, as can easily be seen, for example, from FIG. 3. Here, for example, in the area of the basement outer wall 9, a layer 10 of snippets 5 is filled between the latter and the surrounding soil, which serves to isolate and dry this area. Through the Breathability of the basement walls 9 and due to the temperature difference between the basement and the ground, the water vapor present in the room is conducted to the colder outside and is to be released unhindered to the outside air or to the surrounding material. According to the usual way of sealing walls below ground level with water-impermeable layers (bitumen or plastic coatings, roofing felt, foils, full-surface glued, tight insulating plates and others), to prevent infiltration of seepage and backwater into the walls, the breathability is completely prevented - the cellar gets wet.
Im vorliegenden Fall ist nun eine Wärmeaußenisolierung aus lose eingebetteten Schnipseln 5 vorgesehen, um das Mauerwerk über der Kondensationstemperatur zu halten und den ausdiffundierten Wasserdampf in den Porenraum der Schnipselfüllung zu übernehmen. Hier kann der Wasserdampf an der kälteren Seite zum Erdreich hin, kondensieren und die Tropfen können in die Dränage 11 fließen. Ist die Temperatur hoch genug, wird der Wasserdampf nach oben und über die Austrittsschichte ins Freie gelangen. Meist werden beide, durch die Temperaturzonen hervorgerufenen, physikalischen Vorgänge eintreten. Der Kellerraum 9 wird absolut trocken! Zwischen der Füllung und dem Erdreich ist eine Wassersperre eingelegt, um Sicker- oder Stauwasser direkt in die Dränage 11 abzuleiten.In the present case, external heat insulation from loosely embedded chips 5 is now provided in order to keep the masonry above the condensation temperature and to take over the diffused water vapor into the pore space of the chip filling. Here, the water vapor on the colder side can condense and the drops can flow into the drainage 11. If the temperature is high enough, the water vapor will escape upwards and through the outlet layer. Most of the time, both physical processes caused by the temperature zones will occur. The basement room 9 is absolutely dry! A water barrier is inserted between the filling and the soil in order to drain seepage or backwater directly into the drainage 11.
An der Außenwand 12 des Gebäudes sowie an der Innenwand 13 des Keller- und Dachgeschosses sind stehende Flächenschichten 14 angeordnet, deren Herstellung zu Fig. 4 noch näher erläutert ist, und die aus Schnipseln 5 bestehen, die oberflächlich mit Klebe-, Haft- oder Bindemittel ummantelt und vor dessen Aushärtung hinter eine der zu beschichtenden Fläche beabstandete Schalung gefüllt worden sind. Davon abgesehen könnten aber diese Schichten auch aus beispielsweise mit Nut und Feder zusammengebrachten vorkonfektionierten Platten bestehen, welche ihrerseits auf geeignete Weise aus Material nach der vorliegenden Erfindung aufgebaut sind.Standing surface layers 14 are arranged on the outer wall 12 of the building and on the inner wall 13 of the basement and attic, the manufacture of which is explained in more detail in relation to FIG. 4, and which consist of snippets 5 which are superficial with adhesive, adhesive or binder have been encased and filled before being hardened behind a formwork spaced apart from the surface to be coated. Apart from this, these layers could also consist of pre-assembled plates, for example brought together with tongue and groove, which in turn are suitably constructed from material according to the present invention.
Im Bereich der Dachschräge 15 bzw. der Dachgeschossdecke 16 sind ungebundene, hinter entsprechende Verkleidungen eingebrachte Schichten aus Schnipseln 5 vorgesehen. Die Fußböden 17 sind jeweils mit zumindest teilweise ungebundenen entsprechenden Schichten versehen, die oberflächlich beispielsweise mit Trittplatten belegt sind oder aber auch dünne Estrichschichten oder dergleichen aufweisen können.In the area of the roof slope 15 or the attic ceiling 16, unbound layers of snippets 5 are provided behind appropriate cladding. The floors 17 are each provided with at least partially unbound corresponding layers which are superficially covered, for example, with tread plates or can also have thin screed layers or the like.
Bei allen aus Fig. 3 ersichtlichen Anwendungen kommt der wesentliche Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Materials zum Tragen, dass die Schichtdicke zur Erhöhung der Wärmeisolierung ohne weiteres erhöht werden kann, ohne dass dadurch die Wasserdampfdiffusion durch die Schicht nennenswert behindert bzw. verschlechtert würde. In Fig. 4 ist ein Beispiel für die Herstellung einer Flächenschicht mit Material nach der vorliegenden Erfindung an in wesentlichen senkrechten Wänden zu ersehen. In einem bestimmten Raster z.B. (50 x 50 cm) werden Dübel 18 in die unverputzte Mauer 19 versetzt, in die längere Schrauben mit großen Unterlagsscheiben eingeschraubt werden. Schalbalken 20, die in einer Ausdehnung über zwei bis vier Rasterfelder reichen können und beispielsweise ein Rasterfeld breit sind, werden außen im vorgesehenen Schichtdickenabstand montiert. Fenster- und Türaussparungen werden auf hier nicht ersichtliche Weise mittels verlorener oder demontierbarer Rahmen an den Schalplatten 20 befestigt. Die Schnipsel 5 werden in einem Freifall- oder Zwangsmischer mit Bindemittel (Mauerbinder plus Sand, Zement plus Sand und Zusätze, oder dergleichen) und Wasser ummantelt und anschließend hinter die Schalbalken 20 gefüllt. Nach dem Abbinden kann die Schalung entfernt werden, wobei die entstehende Schicht sicher mittels der Dübel 18 an der Mauer gehalten wird. Die fertige Isolierschicht kann anschließend wenn gewünscht auf bekannte Weise noch armiert und verputzt werden.In all of the applications shown in FIG. 3, the essential advantage of the material according to the invention comes into play that the layer thickness can be easily increased to increase the thermal insulation without the water vapor diffusion through the layer being significantly impaired or worsened thereby. 4 shows an example of the production of a surface layer with material according to the present invention on essentially vertical walls. In a certain grid, for example (50 x 50 cm), dowels 18 are placed in the unplastered wall 19, into which longer screws with large washers are screwed. Formwork beams 20, which can extend over two to four grid fields and are, for example, one grid field wide, are mounted on the outside in the intended layer thickness spacing. Window and door recesses are attached to the formwork panels 20 in a manner that cannot be seen here by means of lost or removable frames. The snippets 5 are encased in a free-fall or compulsory mixer with binder (wall binder plus sand, cement plus sand and additives, or the like) and water and then filled behind the formwork beam 20. After setting, the formwork can be removed, the resulting layer being held securely to the wall by means of the dowels 18. The finished insulating layer can then be reinforced and plastered in a known manner if desired.
In Fig. 5 ist die Verwendung von Bausteinen 21 zu ersehen, die auf bekannte Weise durch Einfüllen von oberflächlich mit Klebe-, Haft- oder Bindemittel ummantelten kantigen Schnipseln 5 in entsprechende Formen hergestellt sind. Die Zwischenräume in den Bausteinen 21 können auf übliche Weise für jeweils mehrere übereinander angeordnete Reihen mit Beton oder Ähnlichem gefüllt, mit Verstärkungseisen, Kabelkanälen oder dergleichen versehen oder bereichsweise auch leer gelassen werden. Auf alle Fälle bringt das Material des Bausteins 21 wiederum die bereits mehrfach angesprochenen Vorteile der Erfindung - über die Dicke kann die Wärmeisolierung gewählt werden, welche unabhängig von der über die verbleibenden Kanäle zwischen den kantigen Schnipseln bestimmten Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit ist.5 shows the use of building blocks 21, which are produced in a known manner by filling angular snippets 5 coated on the surface with adhesive, adhesive or binding agent into corresponding shapes. The spaces in the building blocks 21 can be filled with concrete or the like for a number of rows arranged one above the other, provided with reinforcing irons, cable ducts or the like, or can also be left empty in certain areas. In any case, the material of the block 21 in turn brings the advantages of the invention which have already been mentioned several times - the thickness can be used to select the thermal insulation which is independent of the water vapor permeability determined via the remaining channels between the angular snippets.
Patentansprüche: claims:

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e : Patent claims:
1. Bau- und Isoliermaterial, mit kantigen Schnipseln (5) aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, wie beispielsweise Polystyrol, welche an der Oberfläche allseitig geschlossene Poren aufweisen und unter Freilassung von durchgehenden Zwischenräumen aneinanderiiegend angeordnet sind.1. Building and insulating material, with angular snippets (5) made of foamed plastic, such as polystyrene, which have all-round closed pores on the surface and are arranged adjacent to one another with the leaving of free spaces.
2. Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schnipsel (5) oberflächlich mit Klebe-, Haft- oder Bindemittel ummantelt und vor dessen Aushärtung zur gewünschten Form zusammengebracht sind.2. Building and insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that the snippets (5) are coated on the surface with adhesive, adhesive or binder and are brought together to the desired shape before it hardens.
3. Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schnipsel (5) unregelmäßige Größe und/oder Form aufweisen.3. Building and insulating material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the snippets (5) have an irregular size and / or shape.
4. Baustein (21) aus Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach Anspruch 2 oder 3.4. Building block (21) made of building and insulating material according to claim 2 or 3.
5. Flächenschicht (14), insbesondere Wärme- oder Schallisolierschicht, aus Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3.5. surface layer (14), in particular heat or sound insulation layer, of construction and insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 3.
6. Flächenschicht (14) nach Anspruch 5 und Anspruch 2 an im wesentlichen senkrechten Wänden (12,13,19), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schnipsel (5) vor der Aushärtung der Klebe-, Haft- oder Bindemittel hinter eine der zu beschichtenden Fläche beabstandete Schalung (20) gefüllt sind.6. surface layer (14) according to claim 5 and claim 2 on substantially vertical walls (12,13,19), characterized in that the snippets (5) before the curing of the adhesive, adhesive or binder behind one of the to be coated Area spaced formwork (20) are filled.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schnipseln aus geschäumtem Kunststoff zur Verwendung als Bau- und Isoliermaterial nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gesammelter, recyclebarer Kunststoff (4) mittels im wesentlichen gitterförmig angeordneter, vorzugsweise elektrisch erhitzter Schneiddrähte (3) zerkleinert wird. 7. A method for producing snippets from foamed plastic for use as a building and insulating material according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that collected, recyclable plastic (4) by means of essentially grid-shaped, preferably electrically heated cutting wires (3 ) is crushed.
EP00971110A 1999-10-27 2000-10-25 Construction and insulation material Expired - Lifetime EP1224360B1 (en)

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AT180899 1999-10-27
AT0180899A AT410957B (en) 1999-10-27 1999-10-27 BUILDING AND INSULATION MATERIAL
PCT/AT2000/000278 WO2001031132A1 (en) 1999-10-27 2000-10-25 Construction and insulation material

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1073158A (en) * 1952-03-22 1954-09-20 Basf Ag Manufacturing process of low density building elements
DE1683977B1 (en) * 1968-02-09 1972-04-27 Silberkuhl Wilhelm Johannes Di Process for coating components such as plates, shells or folded structures made of reinforced concrete with synthetic resin foam
DE2516461A1 (en) 1975-04-15 1976-11-04 Adolf Ehinger Hot wire foam-plastic cutter - for disintegrating used foam packaging pieces or mouldings prior to re-use
DE3504110A1 (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-09-04 Karl 7000 Stuttgart Haug Exterior-wall insulating system
WO1988005765A1 (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-11 Markus Stracke Process for producing lightweight concrete
AT399004B (en) * 1992-11-09 1995-03-27 Stracke Ing Markus THERMAL INSULATION PANEL
AU7933494A (en) * 1993-11-02 1995-05-23 Wolfgang Stracke Method for supplying premixed lightweight concrete mass
DE29723244U1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1998-06-10 Alpha Brevet S.A., Genf/Genève Facade panel or facade structure element

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Title
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AT410957B (en) 2003-09-25
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EP1224360B1 (en) 2005-12-21
DE50011926D1 (en) 2006-01-26

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