EP1219646A1 - Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von Styrol - Google Patents
Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von Styrol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1219646A1 EP1219646A1 EP01127601A EP01127601A EP1219646A1 EP 1219646 A1 EP1219646 A1 EP 1219646A1 EP 01127601 A EP01127601 A EP 01127601A EP 01127601 A EP01127601 A EP 01127601A EP 1219646 A1 EP1219646 A1 EP 1219646A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- styrene
- polymerization
- alkyl
- process according
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001190 organyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCC[CH2-].CCC[CH2-] KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DBNGNEQZXBWPTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC[Mg]C(C)CC Chemical compound CCCC[Mg]C(C)CC DBNGNEQZXBWPTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 diphenylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGPSRYWDFHAWOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCC[Mg]CCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Mg]CCCC RGPSRYWDFHAWOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYMQPNRUQXPLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)piperidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CCN1CCCCC1 UYMQPNRUQXPLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethenylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMRVWQBHVXBPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].CCCCCC(=O)OCC Chemical compound [Li].CCCCCC(=O)OCC MMRVWQBHVXBPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYWOMDDOXZOOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C1=CC=C([Li])C=C1 Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=C([Li])C=C1 PYWOMDDOXZOOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTVIBFNHMURTMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]CC=CC[Li] Chemical compound [Li]CC=CC[Li] NTVIBFNHMURTMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZEZSORUWZUMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]CCCC[Li] Chemical compound [Li]CCCC[Li] BZEZSORUWZUMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical class CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F12/08—Styrene
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the homopolymerization of Styrene, optionally together with a polydiene rubber, in Presence of at least one lithium organyl, at least one Metal-II-organyl and at least one aluminum organyl.
- the anionic polymerization usually proceeds very quickly, so a control because of the considerable heat development becomes difficult on a technical scale. If you lower the polymerization temperature, the viscosity increases in particular too much with concentrated solutions. A decrease in Initiator concentration increases the molecular weight of the formed Polymer. A control of the reaction by an appropriate Dilution of the monomers leads to a higher solvent requirement and lower space-time yields.
- Triisobutylaluminium is still the cheapest. At low temperatures, e.g. around 100 ° C TIBA alone is not or only slightly active in polymerization. Even in combination with lithium alkyl it only acts as Retarder is therefore only an additional one, which is essentially inert Component in the reaction mixture. If the alkyl groups from TIBA for coinitiation of anionic polymerization To induce styrene would result in significant cost advantages. This object is the basis of the present invention.
- a Another object of the invention is a technical Scale of rationally feasible process for continuous to develop anionic polymerization with as much as possible small amounts of solvents.
- Lewis bases in general the rate of anionic polymerization in accelerate nonpolar media and the temperature stability of the lower active species. This prevents Lewis bases the effects desired by the retarding additives. Out for this reason the amount of Lewis bases added is up 500 mol%, based on A + B + C, limited.
- DE-A 198 06 774 describes a process for homopolymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers or copolymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers and dienes in the presence of at least one alkali metal organyl, at least one magnesium organyl and at least one aluminum organyl and one Initiator composition for performing the method.
- aluminum organyl include Called TIBA. This Initiator combination is supposed to set the polymerization rate in wide temperature and concentration ranges enable, in particular it should be possible to raise the polymerization temperature.
- the process according to the invention is preferably used for homopolymerization of styrene, but it can be used in amounts of up to 25% by weight can be replaced by conventional comonomers.
- suitable Comonomers are ⁇ -methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, tert-butyl styrene, vinyl toluene, 1,1-diphenylethylene or 1,2-diphenylethylene, butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadienes or piperylene or mixtures thereof.
- the polymerization can also be in the presence of 3 to 40, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the monomers, of a polydiene rubber, e.g. of polybutadiene or a butadiene / styrene block copolymer, be performed.
- a polydiene rubber e.g. of polybutadiene or a butadiene / styrene block copolymer
- Preferred rubbers are Butadiene / styrene two-block copolymers and styrene / butadiene / styrene three-block copolymers, each with separate or smeared Blocks, as well as mixtures of these block copolymers with polybutadiene in a weight ratio of 85:15 to 50:50.
- Suitable lithium organyls A are ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, diphenylhexyl, Hexamethylenedi, butadienyl, isoprenyl, polystyryllithium or the multifunctional 1,4-dilithiobutane, 1,4-dilithio-2-butene or 1,4-dilithiobenzene, as well as lithium isopropoxylate, lithium ethyl hexanoate and lithium tertiary amylate.
- Suitable metal (II) organyls B are dialkyls, dialcoholates and Alkyl alcoholates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and Zinc, with magnesium and zinc being preferred. Particularly preferred are (n-butyl) (s-butyl) magnesium, and di-n-alkymagnesium compounds, in which the alkyl radicals have 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular di-n-butyl magnesium, (n-butyl) (n-octyl) magnesium and (N-butyl (ethyl) magnesium.
- Lewis bases are basically all known from the literature Additives suitable for anionic polymerization. They contain generally at least one O, N, S or P atom, the has a free pair of electrons. Ethers are preferred and amines, e.g. Tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, tetrahydropyran, Dioxane, crown ether, alkylene glycol dialkyl ether, e.g.
- the Addition of Lewis bases often leads to an increase in Reaction rate. Their amount is therefore appropriate to be dimensioned so that the reaction speed of the whole Approach is smaller than in an approach without the addition of retarding components is carried out. Used for this less than 500 mol%, preferably less than 200 mol% and in particular less than 100 mol% of the Lewis base, based on A + B + C.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of a solvent be made.
- the solvents are suitable for the anionic polymerization usual aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons with 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, Methylcyclohexane, iso-octane, decalin, benzene, alkylbenzenes such as Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or cumene or suitable mixtures.
- the solvent should of course be the process typical have the required high purity. With the invention Initiator combination it becomes possible with proportionate small amounts of solvents to work.
- the polymerization can also be carried out in the presence of up to 10 wt .-% mineral oil, based on monomers become. Paraffins or white oils with boiling points are preferred above 300 ° C. As is well known, these also set the fluidity down from polystyrene.
- the components of the invention are preferred in one used such a ratio that the lifespan of a polymerizable polystyrene solution compared to that a polystyryllithium solution under the same temperature and Concentration conditions is increased. To do this, you determine the time up to which the polymerizable portion of a polystyrene solution in cyclohexane has dropped to half at 100 ° C. This Half-life for a polystyryllithium solution (approx. 3 mmol / l) for example about 3 hours. One with an inventive Initiator mixture started polystyrene solution, the would have the same number of growing chains under these conditions have a longer half-life. Prefers this half-life is more than 20, very particularly preferred more than 50 hours.
- the combination of the metal alkyl initiators A + B + C is preferred in amounts from 0.0001 to 5 mol%, in particular from 0.01 to 1 mol%, based on the monomers, used. It should Molar ratio Li: Me (II) between 1: 0.1 and 1: 3.8 and that Molar ratio Li: Al are between 1: 0.2 and 1: 4.
- the molar ratio Lewis base to lithium should preferably be at least 0.05: 1 and in particular between 0.1: 1 and 10: 1 lie.
- the lithium, magnesium and aluminum alkyls can be together or individually, temporally or spatially added to the monomer mixture become. They are preferred as a premixed initiator composition used.
- the Components in an inert hydrocarbon for example n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, ethylbenzene, toluene or white oil dissolved and combined as a solvent.
- the metal alkyls dissolved in the hydrocarbons are mixed with each other and the mixture leaves at least 5 minutes ripen at a temperature in the range of 0 to 120 ° C.
- a solubilizer for example diphenylethylene be added to make one of the components fail to prevent this initiator solution.
- Chain terminators are particularly proton-active Substances such as water, alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids and inorganic acids such as Carbonic acid or boric acid.
- the target products can be homopolymers or copolymers of styrene and mixtures thereof.
- Polystyrene is preferably obtained.
- HIPS impact-resistant polystyrene
- the molecular weights M n can be within wide limits between 1000 to 1000000 g / mol. M n between 20,000 and 200,000 are preferred.
- the method according to the invention can be used in any printing and temperature-resistant reactor can be carried out, it basically backmixing or non backmixing is possible Reactors (i.e. reactors with stirred or Tubular reactor behavior). It can also be different Combinations of such reactors can be used.
- Reactors i.e. reactors with stirred or Tubular reactor behavior. It can also be different Combinations of such reactors can be used.
- the invention The procedure leads depending on the choice of the initiator concentration and composition, the specially applied process flow and other parameters, such as temperature and possibly temperature curve to polymers with high or low molecular weight. Suitable are, for example, stirred tanks, tower reactors, loop reactors as well as tube reactors or tube bundle reactors with or without internals. Internals can be static or moveable internals his.
- the method is preferably carried out continuously. At least part of the turnover is preferred, in particular Sales between 50 and 100% in a non backmixing Reactor or reactor section carried out.
- the polymerization is carried out at temperatures of at least 80 ° C.
- the reaction zone or parts of the reaction zone can also have higher temperatures, for example more than 100 ° C. At least part of the polymerization is preferred 120 ° C without causing a runaway reaction comes.
- a double-walled, 3-1 stirred kettle used with a standard anchor stirrer.
- the reactor was designed for a pressure of 60 bar and with one Heat transfer medium for isothermal polymerization control tempered.
- the stirred kettle was discharged in two consecutive steps switched, stirred and 4 liter tower reactors further promoted.
- the first tower reactor was at an internal temperature operated from 101 ° C.
- Temperature set so that the inside temperature at the end of the first zone was 124 ° C, at the end of the second zone 158 ° C.
- the polymerization mixture was discharged from the tower reactor a mixer with 5 g / h of methanol, then by a pipe piece heated to 260 ° C and via a pressure control valve relaxed in a vacuum pot kept at 25 mbar.
- the melt was discharged with a screw and granulated.
- the solids content at the outlet of the stirred tank was 26% by weight and 58% by weight at the outlet of the first tower reactor. A quantitative conversion was found at the exit of the second tower reactor (solids content approx. 73% by weight).
- Example 4 In the stirred kettle from Example 4, (100 revolutions per minute) continuously 513 g / h styrene, 487 g / h a rubber solution, manufactured according to O.Z. 0050/49155, example 2, and 20 g of an initiator solution metered and at one constant melt temperature of 92 ° C stirred.
- the dosage the initiator solution was adjusted so that the reactor 3.07 mmol / h of Li compound were fed.
- the stirred tank was discharged into a double-jacket tubular reactor with an inner diameter of 29.7 mm and a length conveyed further from 2100 mm.
- the tubular reactor was for one Pressure of up to 100 bar and for a temperature of up to Designed at 350 ° C.
- the tubular reactor was over a in cocurrent led heat transfer medium tempered and the temperature of the Polymerization mixture over three evenly over the reaction route distributed thermocouples determined.
- the temperature of the The heat transfer medium was 104 ° C at the tube reactor inlet.
- the highest temperature of the polymerization solution was at the end of Tube reactor reached with 182 ° C.
- the polymerization mixture 25 g / h of a mixture of methanol, toluene and mineral oil in a ratio of 8: 32: 60% by weight using an HPLC pump added and in a downstream pipe section with a static mixer homogenized.
- the polymer melt was over a throttle valve in a degassing pot kept at 20 mbar relaxed, drawn off with a screw pump, extruded and granulated.
- the material had a yield stress of 28 n / mm 2 , an elongation at break of 27% and a notched impact strength of 14 kJ / m 2 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
Description
und wobei die Polymerisation in Gegenwart von 5 bis 500 Mol-%, bezogen auf A+B+C, einer Lewis-Base bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 80°C durchgeführt wird.
Bevorzugt ist TIBA.
| s-Butyllithium | 1,6 M in Cyclohexan, Fa. Chemetall |
| Triisobutylaluminium | (TIBA) 14%ig in Toluol, Fa. Witco |
| (n-Butyl)2magnesium | (MAGALA) 10%ig in Heptan, Fa. Akzo Nobel als 7,5:1 molarer Komplex in |
| Triethylaluminium |
Vergleichsbeispiel 1BDie Ansätze 1a) und 1b) wurden wiederholt, dabei aber bei der Herstellung der Initiatorzusammensetzung die Magnesiumverbindung und das TMEDA weggelassen.
| Mn (g/mol) | Feststoffgehalt (%) | |
| Beispiel 1A | 14.950 | 97 |
| Beispiel 1B | 89.970 | 100 |
Li : Mg : A1 : THF = 1 : 1 : 0,8 : 1,8
Vergleichsbeispiel 2B
Die Ansätze 2a) und 2b) wurden wiederholt, aber ohne Zusatz der Magnesiumverbindung.
| Mn (g/mol) | Umsatz (%) | |
| Beispiel 2A | 26.740 | 98 |
| Beispiel 2B | 88.050 | 100 |
Vergleichsbeispiel 3B
Die Ansätze 3a) und 3b) wurden wiederholt, aber ohne Zusatz des TMEDA.
| Mn (g/mol) | Umsatz (%) | |
| Beispiel 3A | 26.800 | 100 |
| Beispiel 3B | 53.000 | 100 |
Claims (12)
- Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von Styrol, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit untergeordneten Mengen an Comonomeren, mittels einer Kombination der Metallorganyl-Initiatoren
- A.
- Lithiumalkyl oder -alkoholat
- B.
- Metall-(II)-alkyl oder -alkoholat
- C.
- Aluminiumalkyl oder -alkoholat der Formel A1 R 1 / 2R2 mit R1 = C1-C4-Alkyl und R2 = H, R1 oder -O-C2H5,
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Komponente A n- oder sec-Butyllithium eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Komponente B ein Magnesium- oder Zinkdialkyl eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Komponente B ein C2- bis C8-Di-n-alkylmagnesium, vorzugsweise Di-n-butylmagnesium, eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Komponente C Triisobutylaluminium (TIBA) eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Lewis-Base ein Ether, vorzugsweise Tetrahydrofuran, eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerisation in Gegenwart von 0 bis 500 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Monomeren, eines Kohlenwasserstoff-Lösungsmittels, vorzugsweise Toluol, Cyclohexan, Heptan, Ethylbenzol und/oder von 0 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Weißöls durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerisation in Gegenwart von 3 bis 40 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Monomeren, eines Polydienkautschuks durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kombination der Metallorganyl-Initiatoren A+B+C in Mengen von 0,0001 bis 5 Mol-%, bezogen auf die Monomeren, eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Molverhältnis Li : Me(II) zwischen 1 : 0,1 und 1 : 3,8 und das Molverhältnis Li : A1 zwischen 1 : 0,2 und 1 : 4 liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Molverhältnis Lewis-Base : Li mindestens 0,05 : 1 beträgt und vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 : 1 und 10 : 1 liegt.
- Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von Styrol, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von 5 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Styrol, eines Polydienkautschuks, mittels 0,01 bis 1 Mol-%, bezogen auf Styrol, einer Kombination der Metallorganyl-Initiatorendadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polymerisation in Gegenwart von 10 bis 200 Mol, bezogen auf die Metallorganyle A+B+C, einer Lewis-Base, ausgewählt aus Tetrahydrofuran, Ethylenglykoldimethylether und N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylendiamin, sowie von 0 bis 100 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Styrol, eines Lösungsmittels, ausgewählt aus Toluol, Cyclohexan, Heptan, Ethylbenzol und/oder von 0 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Weißöls, bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 80°C, durchgeführt wird.A. n- oder sec-Butyllithium,B. einem C2-C8-n-Dialkylmagnesium oder (n-Butyl)(sec-Butyl)-magnesium,C. Triisobutylaluminium,
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10065331A DE10065331A1 (de) | 2000-12-27 | 2000-12-27 | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von Styrol |
| DE10065331 | 2000-12-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1219646A1 true EP1219646A1 (de) | 2002-07-03 |
| EP1219646B1 EP1219646B1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01127601A Expired - Lifetime EP1219646B1 (de) | 2000-12-27 | 2001-11-20 | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von Styrol |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1219646B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE310030T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10065331A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2252134T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004039855A1 (de) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von schlagzähem polystyrol |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4473661A (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1984-09-25 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Polymerization catalyst system containing organolithium, dialkyl magnesium and/or trialkyl aluminum, and a phosphine oxide |
| DE19806774A1 (de) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur retardierten anionischen Polymerisation |
| DE19954818A1 (de) * | 1999-11-13 | 2001-05-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von vinylaromatischen Monomeren |
-
2000
- 2000-12-27 DE DE10065331A patent/DE10065331A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-11-20 AT AT01127601T patent/ATE310030T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-20 DE DE50108076T patent/DE50108076D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-20 ES ES01127601T patent/ES2252134T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-20 EP EP01127601A patent/EP1219646B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4473661A (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1984-09-25 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Polymerization catalyst system containing organolithium, dialkyl magnesium and/or trialkyl aluminum, and a phosphine oxide |
| DE19806774A1 (de) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur retardierten anionischen Polymerisation |
| DE19954818A1 (de) * | 1999-11-13 | 2001-05-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von vinylaromatischen Monomeren |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| WELCH F J: "Polymerization of Styrene by n-Butyllithium. II. Effect of Lewis Acids and Bases", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, DC, US, no. 82, 1960, pages 6000 - 6005, XP002104542, ISSN: 0002-7863 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004039855A1 (de) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von schlagzähem polystyrol |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50108076D1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
| ES2252134T3 (es) | 2006-05-16 |
| DE10065331A1 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
| EP1219646B1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
| ATE310030T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
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