EP1216120A1 - Rotational driving tool for screwing member - Google Patents

Rotational driving tool for screwing member

Info

Publication number
EP1216120A1
EP1216120A1 EP00960781A EP00960781A EP1216120A1 EP 1216120 A1 EP1216120 A1 EP 1216120A1 EP 00960781 A EP00960781 A EP 00960781A EP 00960781 A EP00960781 A EP 00960781A EP 1216120 A1 EP1216120 A1 EP 1216120A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
rotation
tool according
operating member
branches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00960781A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1216120B1 (en
Inventor
Gérard Charles Camille BRIHIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Facom SA
Original Assignee
Facom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Facom SA filed Critical Facom SA
Publication of EP1216120A1 publication Critical patent/EP1216120A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1216120B1 publication Critical patent/EP1216120B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1427—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/02—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws
    • B25B13/08—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of open jaw type

Definitions

  • Rotational drive tool for a screwing member Rotational drive tool for a screwing member.
  • the invention relates to a rotary drive tool for a screwing member, in particular a hand tool, of the type comprising a head having at least two gripping surfaces for driving the screwing member by at least partial form complementarity, and means for driving the head in rotation, the head acting generally as a single piece when driving a screwing member in rotation, the head comprising a region for connecting the gripping surfaces and the transmission parts towards the gripping surfaces of a force of rotation applied to the drive means, the connection region being situated between the force transmission parts and the gripping surfaces.
  • the invention applies, for example, to open-ended spanners.
  • the head of such a key comprises two open rigid jaws which each have a gripping surface for a screwing member such as a nut.
  • the two gripping surfaces are facing each other.
  • a wrench is used to transmit torque to a nut
  • the fork is deformed so that the gripping surfaces move apart.
  • the nut therefore, rotates relative to the fork.
  • This modifies the support points between the nut and the fork by tending to bring together the force vectors (theoretically parallel) corresponding to the torque. Therefore, for a given torque, the intensity of the corresponding forces increases. This increase in turn leads to an increase in the bending of the fork.
  • the phenomenon amplifies itself and, beyond a certain value, there is total rotation of the nut in the fork with often destruction of the latter. We can say that the nut then turns into a real cam which makes the key explode. The phenomenon therefore limits the value of the torques which can be transmitted by such an open-ended open-end wrench.
  • This phenomenon is generally present in tools which, unlike for example pliers, do not allow clamping of the gripping surfaces independent of the rotary drive.
  • the object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a tool of the aforementioned type making it possible, for example, to exert increased torques on a screwing member.
  • the invention relates to a tool of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the head is adapted so that the action of the drive means in rotation on the force transmission parts tends to deform the geometry of the head to bring the gripping surfaces closer to one another when a drive force in rotation of a screw member is applied via the drive means.
  • the tool may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination: - the head is adapted so that said action of the drive means in rotation tends to elastically deform the head,
  • the means for driving the head in rotation comprise a member for operating the head
  • the operating member of the head is movable relative to the latter so as to tend to bring the gripping surfaces closer to one another, by lever or cam effect on the force transmission parts, when 'a drive force in rotation of a screwing member is applied to the operating member,
  • the head has a general configuration in H and comprises two branches connected by a central core, a distal region of each branch having one of the gripping surfaces and the proximal regions of the branches forming said force transmission parts, the two branches are movable relative to each other by deformation of the central core to bring the gripping surfaces closer to each other by spacing of proximal regions of the branches, and a distal region of the operating member is arranged between the proximal regions of the branches in order to move them apart, by lever or cam effect, when a drive force in rotation of a screwing member is applied to the actuating member,
  • the operating member is connected to the head by a flexible connection
  • the flexible connection comprises a deformable part made integrally with the head and the operating member
  • the tool comprises removable means for connecting the head and the operating member, - the operating member is orientable relative to the head,
  • the operating member is part of a dynamometric tool
  • the tool comprises means for adjusting the tendency to deformation of the head under said action of the rotation drive means, the head comprises two open jaws which each have at least one of the gripping surfaces,
  • the flexible connection is made of elastomer.
  • head having at least two engagement surfaces for driving a screwing member in rotation by at least partial form complementarity is understood here to mean a head enabling such a member to be driven by the fact that their respective shapes, such as for example polygonal shapes, do not allow relative rotation.
  • the head also behaves functionally generally as a single piece of stiffness sufficiently large so that, during use, the functional geometry of the head remains generally unchanged, except under the effect of the deformation under load. and the compensation thereof according to the invention as will be described later.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an open-ended open-end wrench according to the invention, ready to drive a rotating nut,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are views similar to FIG. 1, illustrating the key when a screwing force and respectively a force for unscrewing the nut is applied to its handle,
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view and enlarged view of the head of the key of FIGS. 1 to 3, schematically illustrating the action thereon of a relative rotation of the handle of the key,
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are enlarged views from above illustrating the head and the distal end of the handle of two variants of the key of FIGS. 1 to 4,
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a tool according to another embodiment of the invention
  • - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an open-ended open-end wrench 1 ready to drive a nut 2 in rotation.
  • the key 1 essentially comprises a separate head 4 and a handle 5.
  • the head 4 which can be made of a material that is less efficient than steel and in particular with a modulus of elasticity of less than 150 GigaPascal, has an H shape and comprises two rectilinear branches 6 longitudinal with respect to a central axis X-X.
  • the branches 6 are interconnected by a central and transverse core 7.
  • Each branch 6 comprises on either side of the core 7 a distal end region 8 (on the left in FIG. 1), and a proximal end region 9.
  • the core 7, made in one piece with the branches 6, is relatively thin and elastically deformable at least in bending.
  • the distal end regions or jaws 8 each have a flat surface 10 for engagement with the nut 2.
  • the engagement surfaces 10 are oriented towards the inside of the head 4 and face each other.
  • the branches 6 are movable in rotation relative to each other in the plane of Figures 1 and 4, on either side of a rest position, as shown in solid lines in Figure 1 and dashed in Figure 4.
  • This rest position corresponds to the case where no force is applied to the branches 6.
  • the branches are mutually parallel and parallel to the axis X-X.
  • the distal 8 and proximal 9 end regions can therefore approach and deviate respectively by bending deformation of the core 7.
  • the branches 6 are movable between their rest position and a position in which their distal end regions 8 are brought close together (FIG. 4) while their proximal end regions 9 are separated from one another. As soon as a screw member 2 is inserted between the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6 of the head 4, the mobility of the branches 6 is therefore limited.
  • the handle 5 is an elongated bar of axis Y-Y and has a transverse dimension slightly less than the spacing between the two proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6.
  • the distal end region 12 of the handle 5 is received with little play between the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6.
  • the longitudinal axis X-X of the head 4 is coincident with the longitudinal axis Y-Y of the handle 5.
  • the nut 2 is a hexagon nut received between the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6.
  • the gripping surfaces 10 of the head 6 are located opposite two opposite sides of the nut 2.
  • the head 4a by its gripping surfaces 10, a shape partially complementary to that of the nut 2.
  • the handle 5 is movable in rotation relative to the head 4 in the plane of FIG. 1, on either side of its rest position, between two branches 6 spacing positions illustrated respectively in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the distal end region 12 of the handle 5 then bears at a point 15 on the free end of the lower branch 6 (in FIG. 2) of the head 4, and in a point 16 adjacent to the core 7 on the other branch 6. Points 15 and 16 are spaced apart from each other longitudinally along the axis XX. The axes X-X and Y-Y are then also inclined relative to each other. In the other spacing position illustrated in FIG. 3, the handle 5 has pivoted relative to the head 4 in the direction 18 of unscrewing the nut 2. The distal end region 12 of the handle 5 is then supported in a first point
  • the support points 15 and 16 then have a relative longitudinal position similar to that points 15 and 16 of Figure 2.
  • the axes XX and YY are then also inclined relative to each other.
  • the operating mode of the key 1 is as follows. When it is desired to screw the nut 2, a force 20 is applied, as illustrated in FIG. 2, to the proximal end region 21 of the sleeve 5 tending to pivot the latter in the direction of rotation 14.
  • the handle 5 then reaches the position of FIG. 2 and drives the head 4 in rotation in the direction 14. A screwing torque is therefore applied to the nut
  • the proximal end regions 9 then form force transmission parts of the handle 5 towards the grip surfaces 10 and therefore towards the nut 2.
  • the handle 5 plays, thanks to the two support points 15 and 16 offset longitudinally, the role of a lever of the first order and tends to spread the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6 of the head 4.
  • the handle 5 when applying a force 24 to unscrew the nut 2 on the proximal end 21 of the handle 5, the handle 5 takes the position illustrated in FIG. 3 and tends on the one hand to drive the nut 2 in the direction of rotation 18 and, on the other hand, by bringing the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6 closer together.
  • the leverage produced by the handle 5 tends to oppose the separation by the nut 2 of the gripping surfaces 10.
  • the release of the force 24 on the handle 5 allows the return to position rest of the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6.
  • the key 1 makes it possible, in the two drive directions, to limit the rotation between the nut 2 and the head 4 and also the risks of the head 4 bursting.
  • key 1 allows the transmission of greater torques than a conventional open-ended open-end wrench.
  • key 1 allows to access a screwing member as easily as a conventional open-end wrench.
  • the key 1 of Figure 5 differs from that of Figures 1 to 4 by the fact that the head 4 and the handle 5 are no longer separated but connected by a longitudinal blade 26 formed integrally with the core 7 of the head 4 and the distal end region 12 of the handle 5.
  • This blade 26 can be deformed, for example in bending, so that it forms between the head 4 and the handle 5 a flexible connection allowing the latter to pivot relative to the head 4 to take the positions shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the proximal end regions 9 of the head 4 include four internal beads 27 arranged in pairs on these regions 9.
  • the beads 27 of the same region 9 are spaced from one another and face the beads 27 of the 'other region 9. These beads 27 form support reliefs of the handle 5 on the proximal end regions 9 when the handle 5 will take, relative to the head 4, the positions of Figures 2 and 3. It will be noted that in the rest position shown in FIG. 5, the four beads 27 are practically in contact with the handle 5.
  • the blade 26 may not have come in one piece with both the head 4 and the handle 5, but fixed by welding to the head 4 and / or to the handle 5.
  • the blade 26 is replaced by an elastomer insert, made integral with both the head 4 and the handle 5 by means known per se (mechanical means or injection molding, for example).
  • the head 4 includes relief reliefs of the handle 5 against the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6, namely a pair of beads 28 and a pair of pins 29. These reliefs project from the branches 6 towards the distal end region 12 of the handle 5.
  • the beads 28, on the one hand, and the pins 29, on the other hand, are arranged opposite.
  • the beads 28 and the pins 29 can be arranged otherwise.
  • the beads 28 came integrally each with the proximal end region 9 of a branch 6 and are more distant from the central core 7 than the pins 29.
  • the pins 29, of cylindrical shape, are each received in a recess 30 formed in the proximal end region 9 of a branch 6.
  • the head 4 carries two pairs of recesses 30 which can receive the pins 29 and which are spaced along the axis X-X. Thus, the spacing along the X-X axis between the pins 29 and the beads
  • the beads 28 and the pins 29 define the support points of the handle 5 on the head 4 so that it fulfills its role as a lever. It is then possible to adjust, by modifying the position of the pins 29, the intensity of the tendency for the surfaces 10 to approach, induced by a force in rotation driving a nut 2 applied to the handle 5.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another tool 1 according to the invention which differs from the key of FIGS. 1 to 4 by the fact that the handle has been replaced by an operating member 5 of T shape and which thus comprises a bar 32 of torque transmission extended by a handle 33.
  • the distal end region 34 of the operating member 5 is received with little play between the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6.
  • the proximal end regions of the head 4 have four beads 27 for supporting the region 34 of the operating member 5 on the head 4.
  • This region 34 has a rectangular section and is provided with a transverse bore 36.
  • a transverse pin 37 crosses the two branches 6 and the bore 36. This pin 37 connects the operating member 5 and the head 4 by making it possible to orient the operating member 5 relative to the head 4, by rotation around pin axis 37.
  • the bar 32 can be located outside the plane of the head 4, for example inclined or perpendicular to this plane as shown in FIG. 7. This possibility of orientation makes it possible to adapt to various conditions of use, by example for screwing hard-to-reach nuts.
  • the user then adapts the effort that he exerts to obtain, in all cases, a torque for driving in rotation on the screwing member. Furthermore, the clearance between the bore 36 and the pin 37 is sufficiently large for, when in the position of FIG. 7, a torque is applied to the rotation of a nut to allow the rotation of the nut.
  • bar 32 around its longitudinal axis with respect to the head 4. The region 34 of the bar 32 then bears on the beads 27 and thus tends to spread by cam effect the regions 9 of the branches 6 so as to tend to bring the surfaces of take 10 as before.
  • the pin 37 is removable to allow the head 4 and the member 5 to be separated, and therefore to connect heads 4 of different sizes and shapes to the operating member 5.
  • the handle is removable to allow the head 4 and the member 5 to be separated, and therefore to connect heads 4 of different sizes and shapes to the operating member 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Abstract

A tool (1) comprising a head (4) having at least two engaging surfaces (10) for driving the screwing member by its at least partially matching shape and a device (5) for driving the head rotation. The head globally behaves as a single-piece part when the screwing member is driven in rotation. The head includes a zone (7) linking the engaging surfaces and parts (9) transmitting to the engaging surfaces a rotation force applied on the driving device. The linking zone is located between the force-transmitting parts and the engaging parts. The head is designed such that the action of the rotational driving device on the force-transmitting parts tends to deform the shape of the head so as to bring the engaging surfaces closer to each other when a rotational driving force is applied via the driving device on the screwing member. The present invention is, for example, applicable to flat open-end wrenches.

Description

Outil d' entraînement en rotation pour un organe de vissage. Rotational drive tool for a screwing member.
L'invention concerne un outil d'entraînement en rotation pour un organe de vissage, notamment outil à main, du type comprenant une tête présentant au moins deux surfaces de prise pour entraîner l'organe de vissage par complémentarité au moins partielle de forme, et des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la tête, la tête se comportant globalement comme une pièce monobloc lors de l'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage, la tête comprenant une région de liaison des surfaces de prise et des parties de transmission vers les surfaces de prise d'un effort de rotation appliqué sur les moyens d'entraînement, la région de liaison étant située entre les parties de transmission d'effort et les surfaces de prise. -The invention relates to a rotary drive tool for a screwing member, in particular a hand tool, of the type comprising a head having at least two gripping surfaces for driving the screwing member by at least partial form complementarity, and means for driving the head in rotation, the head acting generally as a single piece when driving a screwing member in rotation, the head comprising a region for connecting the gripping surfaces and the transmission parts towards the gripping surfaces of a force of rotation applied to the drive means, the connection region being situated between the force transmission parts and the gripping surfaces. -
L'invention s'applique, par exemple, aux clés plates à fourche. La tête d'une telle clé comporte deux mâchoires rigides ouvertes qui présentent chacune une surface de prise pour un organe de vissage tel qu'un écrou. Les deux surfaces de prise sont en regard l'une de l'autre. Lorsqu'on utilise une telle clé pour transmettre un couple à un écrou, la fourche se déforme de sorte que les surfaces de prise s'écartent. L'écrou, de ce fait, tourne par rapport à la fourche. Ceci modifie les points d'appui entre l'écrou et la fourche en tendant à rapprocher les vecteurs de force (théoriquement parallèles) correspondant au couple. De ce fait, pour un couple donné, l'intensité des forces correspondantes augmente. Cette augmentation entraîne à son tour une augmentation de la flexion de la fourche. Le phénomène s'amplifie lui-même et, au-delà d'une certaine valeur, il y a rotation totale de l'écrou dans la fourche avec souvent destruction de cette dernière. On peut dire que l'écrou se transforme alors en une véritable came qui fait éclater la clé. Le phénomène limite donc la valeur des couples qui peuvent être transmis par une telle clé plate à fourche. Ce phénomène est présent de manière générale dans les outils qui ne permettent pas, contrairement par exemple aux pinces-étaux, un serrage des surfaces de prises indépendant de l'entraînement en rotation. L'invention a pour but de résoudre ce problème en fournissant un outil du type précité permettant par exemple d'exercer sur un organe de vissage des couples accrus. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un outil du type précité, caractérisé en ce que la tête est adaptée pour que l'action des moyens d'entraînement en rotation sur les parties de transmission d'effort tende à déformer la géométrie de la tête pour rapprocher les surfaces de prise l'une de l'autre lorsqu'on applique par l'intermédiaire des moyens d'entraînement un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage.The invention applies, for example, to open-ended spanners. The head of such a key comprises two open rigid jaws which each have a gripping surface for a screwing member such as a nut. The two gripping surfaces are facing each other. When such a wrench is used to transmit torque to a nut, the fork is deformed so that the gripping surfaces move apart. The nut, therefore, rotates relative to the fork. This modifies the support points between the nut and the fork by tending to bring together the force vectors (theoretically parallel) corresponding to the torque. Therefore, for a given torque, the intensity of the corresponding forces increases. This increase in turn leads to an increase in the bending of the fork. The phenomenon amplifies itself and, beyond a certain value, there is total rotation of the nut in the fork with often destruction of the latter. We can say that the nut then turns into a real cam which makes the key explode. The phenomenon therefore limits the value of the torques which can be transmitted by such an open-ended open-end wrench. This phenomenon is generally present in tools which, unlike for example pliers, do not allow clamping of the gripping surfaces independent of the rotary drive. The object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a tool of the aforementioned type making it possible, for example, to exert increased torques on a screwing member. To this end, the invention relates to a tool of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the head is adapted so that the action of the drive means in rotation on the force transmission parts tends to deform the geometry of the head to bring the gripping surfaces closer to one another when a drive force in rotation of a screw member is applied via the drive means.
Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation, l'outil peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prise(s) isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles : - la tête est adaptée pour que ladite action des moyens d'entraînement en rotation tende à déformer élastiquement la tête,According to particular embodiments, the tool may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination: - the head is adapted so that said action of the drive means in rotation tends to elastically deform the head,
- les moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la tête comprennent un organe de manoeuvre de la tête,the means for driving the head in rotation comprise a member for operating the head,
- l'organe de manoeuvre de la tête est mobile par rapport à celle-ci pour tendre à rapprocher les surfaces de prise l'une de l'autre, par effet de levier ou de came sur les parties de transmission d'effort, lorsqu'on applique sur l'organe de manoeuvre un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage,- The operating member of the head is movable relative to the latter so as to tend to bring the gripping surfaces closer to one another, by lever or cam effect on the force transmission parts, when 'a drive force in rotation of a screwing member is applied to the operating member,
- la tête a une configuration générale en H et comprend deux branches reliées par une âme centrale, une région distale de chaque branche présentant une des surfaces de prise et les régions proximales des branches formant lesdites parties de transmission d'effort, les deux branches sont mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre par déformation de l'âme centrale pour rapprocher les surfaces de prise l'une de l'autre par écartement de régions proximales des branches, et une région distale de l'organe de manoeuvre est disposée entre les régions proximales des branches pour les écarter, par effet de levier ou de came, lorsqu'on applique sur l'organe de manoeuvre un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage,- The head has a general configuration in H and comprises two branches connected by a central core, a distal region of each branch having one of the gripping surfaces and the proximal regions of the branches forming said force transmission parts, the two branches are movable relative to each other by deformation of the central core to bring the gripping surfaces closer to each other by spacing of proximal regions of the branches, and a distal region of the operating member is arranged between the proximal regions of the branches in order to move them apart, by lever or cam effect, when a drive force in rotation of a screwing member is applied to the actuating member,
- l'organe de manoeuvre est relié à la tête par une liaison souple,- the operating member is connected to the head by a flexible connection,
- la liaison souple comprend une partie déformable et venue de matière avec la tête et l'organe de manoeuvre,the flexible connection comprises a deformable part made integrally with the head and the operating member,
- l'organe de manoeuvre et la tête sont séparés ou séparables,- the operating member and the head are separate or separable,
- l'outil comprend des moyens amovibles de liaison de la tête et de l'organe de manoeuvre, - l'organe de manoeuvre est orientable par rapport à la tête,the tool comprises removable means for connecting the head and the operating member, - the operating member is orientable relative to the head,
- l'organe de manoeuvre fait partie d'un outil dynamométrique,- the operating member is part of a dynamometric tool,
- l'outil comprend des moyens de réglage de la tendance à la déformation de la tête sous ladite action des moyens d'entraînement en rotation, - la tête comprend deux mâchoires ouvertes qui présentent chacune au moins une des surfaces de prise,the tool comprises means for adjusting the tendency to deformation of the head under said action of the rotation drive means, the head comprises two open jaws which each have at least one of the gripping surfaces,
- la liaison souple est réalisée en élastomère.- the flexible connection is made of elastomer.
On entend ici par " tête présentant au moins deux surfaces de prise pour entraîner en rotation un organe de vissage par complémentarité au moins partielle de forme " une tête permettant l'entraînement d'un tel organe du fait que leurs formes respectives, comme par exemple des formes polygonales, n'autorisent pas de rotation relative.The term “head having at least two engagement surfaces for driving a screwing member in rotation by at least partial form complementarity” is understood here to mean a head enabling such a member to be driven by the fact that their respective shapes, such as for example polygonal shapes, do not allow relative rotation.
Dans l'invention, la tête se comporte en outre fonctionnellement globalement comme une pièce monobloc de raideur suffisamment grande pour que, lors de l'utilisation, la géométrie fonctionnelle de la tête demeure globalement inchangée, sauf sous l'effet de la déformation en charge et la compensation de celle-ci selon l'invention ainsi qu'il sera décrit plus loin.In the invention, the head also behaves functionally generally as a single piece of stiffness sufficiently large so that, during use, the functional geometry of the head remains generally unchanged, except under the effect of the deformation under load. and the compensation thereof according to the invention as will be described later.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en plan d'une clé plate à fourche selon l'invention, prête à entraîner un écrou en rotation,FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an open-ended open-end wrench according to the invention, ready to drive a rotating nut,
- les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues analogues à la figure 1 , illustrant la clé lorsqu'un effort de vissage et respectivement un effort de dévissage de l'écrou est appliqué sur son manche,FIGS. 2 and 3 are views similar to FIG. 1, illustrating the key when a screwing force and respectively a force for unscrewing the nut is applied to its handle,
- la figure 4 est une vue en plan et agrandie de la tête de la clé des figures 1 à 3, illustrant schématiquement l'action sur celle-ci d'une rotation relative du manche de la clé,FIG. 4 is a plan view and enlarged view of the head of the key of FIGS. 1 to 3, schematically illustrating the action thereon of a relative rotation of the handle of the key,
- les figures 5 et 6 sont des vues agrandies de dessus illustrant la tête et l'extrémité distale du manche de deux variantes de la clé des figures 1 à 4,FIGS. 5 and 6 are enlarged views from above illustrating the head and the distal end of the handle of two variants of the key of FIGS. 1 to 4,
- la figure 7 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un outil selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, et - la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 illustrant encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a tool according to another embodiment of the invention, and - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating yet another embodiment of the invention.
La figure 1 illustre une clé plate à fourche 1 prête à entraîner un écrou 2 en rotation. La clé 1 comprend essentiellement une tête 4 et un manche 5 séparés.FIG. 1 illustrates an open-ended open-end wrench 1 ready to drive a nut 2 in rotation. The key 1 essentially comprises a separate head 4 and a handle 5.
La tête 4, qui peut être réalisée dans un matériau moins performant que l'acier et notamment de module d'élasticité inférieur à 150 GigaPascal, a une forme en H et comprend deux branches rectilignes 6 longitudinales par rapport à un axe central X-X. Les branches 6 sont reliées entre elles par une âme 7 centrale et transversale. Chaque branche 6 comprend de part et d'autre de l'âme 7 une région d'extrémité distale 8 (à gauche sur la figure 1), et une région d'extrémité proximale 9. L'âme 7, venue de matière avec les branches 6, est relativement mince et déformable élastiquement au moins en flexion.The head 4, which can be made of a material that is less efficient than steel and in particular with a modulus of elasticity of less than 150 GigaPascal, has an H shape and comprises two rectilinear branches 6 longitudinal with respect to a central axis X-X. The branches 6 are interconnected by a central and transverse core 7. Each branch 6 comprises on either side of the core 7 a distal end region 8 (on the left in FIG. 1), and a proximal end region 9. The core 7, made in one piece with the branches 6, is relatively thin and elastically deformable at least in bending.
Les régions d'extrémité distale ou mâchoires 8 présentent chacune une surface plane 10 de prise avec l'écrou 2. Les surfaces de prise 10 sont orientées vers l'intérieur de la tête 4 et se font face.The distal end regions or jaws 8 each have a flat surface 10 for engagement with the nut 2. The engagement surfaces 10 are oriented towards the inside of the head 4 and face each other.
Comme illustré avec exagération par. la figure 4, l'âme 7, du fait de sa possibilité de déformation, forme un moyen d'orientation des branches 6 l'une par rapport à l'autre. Ainsi, les branches 6 sont mobiles en rotation l'une par rapport à l'autre dans le plan des figures 1 et 4, de part et d'autre d'une position de repos, telle que représentée en trait fort sur la figure 1 et en pointillés sur la figure 4.As illustrated with exaggeration by . Figure 4, the core 7, due to its possibility of deformation, forms a means of orientation of the branches 6 relative to each other. Thus, the branches 6 are movable in rotation relative to each other in the plane of Figures 1 and 4, on either side of a rest position, as shown in solid lines in Figure 1 and dashed in Figure 4.
Cette position de repos correspond au cas où on n'applique pas de force sur les branches 6. Dans cette position, les branches sont parallèles entre elles et parallèles à l'axe X-X.This rest position corresponds to the case where no force is applied to the branches 6. In this position, the branches are mutually parallel and parallel to the axis X-X.
Les régions d'extrémité distale 8 et proximale 9 peuvent donc respectivement se rapprocher et s'écarter par déformation en flexion de l'âme 7.The distal 8 and proximal 9 end regions can therefore approach and deviate respectively by bending deformation of the core 7.
En particulier, les branches 6 sont mobiles entre leur position de repos et une position dans laquelle leurs régions d'extrémité distale 8 sont rapprochées (figure 4) tandis que leurs régions d'extrémités proximale 9 sont écartées l'une de l'autre. Dès lors qu'un organe de vissage 2 est inséré entre les régions d'extrémité distale 8 des branches 6 de la tête 4, la mobilité des branches 6 est de ce fait limitée.In particular, the branches 6 are movable between their rest position and a position in which their distal end regions 8 are brought close together (FIG. 4) while their proximal end regions 9 are separated from one another. As soon as a screw member 2 is inserted between the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6 of the head 4, the mobility of the branches 6 is therefore limited.
Le manche 5 est une barre allongée d'axe Y-Y et possède une dimension transversale légèrement inférieure à l'espacement entre les deux régions d'extrémité proximale 9 des branches 6.The handle 5 is an elongated bar of axis Y-Y and has a transverse dimension slightly less than the spacing between the two proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6.
La région d'extrémité distale 12 du manche 5 est reçue à faible jeu entre les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 des branches 6.The distal end region 12 of the handle 5 is received with little play between the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6.
Dans la position de repos représentée sur la figure 1 , l'axe longitudinal X-X de la tête 4 est confondu avec l'axe longitudinal Y-Y du manche 5.In the rest position shown in FIG. 1, the longitudinal axis X-X of the head 4 is coincident with the longitudinal axis Y-Y of the handle 5.
L'écrou 2 est un écrou à six pans reçu entre les régions d'extrémité distale 8 des branches 6. Les surfaces de prise 10 de la tête 6 sont situées en regard de deux pans opposés de l'écrou 2. La tête 4 a, de par ses surfaces de prise 10, une forme partiellement complémentaire de celle de l'écrou 2. Le manche 5 est mobile en rotation par rapport à la tête 4 dans le plan de la figure 1 , de part et d'autre de sa position de repos, entre deux positions d'écartement des branches 6 illustrées respectivement par les figures 2 et 3.The nut 2 is a hexagon nut received between the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6. The gripping surfaces 10 of the head 6 are located opposite two opposite sides of the nut 2. The head 4a , by its gripping surfaces 10, a shape partially complementary to that of the nut 2. The handle 5 is movable in rotation relative to the head 4 in the plane of FIG. 1, on either side of its rest position, between two branches 6 spacing positions illustrated respectively in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Sur la figure 2, le manche 5 a pivoté par rapport à la tête 6 dans le sensIn FIG. 2, the handle 5 has pivoted relative to the head 6 in the direction
14 de vissage de l'écrou 2. La région d'extrémité distale 12 du manche 5 prend alors appui en un point 15 sur l'extrémité libre de la branche 6 inférieure (sur la figure 2) de la tête 4, et en un point 16 voisin de l'âme 7 sur l'autre branche 6. Les points 15 et 16 sont espacés l'un de l'autre longitudinalement le long de l'axe X-X. Les axes X-X et Y-Y sont alors également inclinés l'un par rapport à l'autre. Dans l'autre position d'écartement illustrée par la figure 3, le manche 5 a pivoté par rapport à la tête 4 dans le sens 18 de dévissage de l'écrou 2. La région d'extrémité distale 12 du manche 5 prend alors appui en un premier point14 for screwing the nut 2. The distal end region 12 of the handle 5 then bears at a point 15 on the free end of the lower branch 6 (in FIG. 2) of the head 4, and in a point 16 adjacent to the core 7 on the other branch 6. Points 15 and 16 are spaced apart from each other longitudinally along the axis XX. The axes X-X and Y-Y are then also inclined relative to each other. In the other spacing position illustrated in FIG. 3, the handle 5 has pivoted relative to the head 4 in the direction 18 of unscrewing the nut 2. The distal end region 12 of the handle 5 is then supported in a first point
15 sur la branche 6 supérieure (sur la figure 3) de la tête 4 et en un deuxième point 16 sur l'autre branche 6 de la tête 4. Les points d'appui 15 et 16 ont alors une position longitudinale relative analogue à celle des points 15 et 16 de la figure 2. Les axes X-X et Y-Y sont alors également inclinés l'un par rapport à l'autre.15 on the upper branch 6 (in FIG. 3) of the head 4 and at a second point 16 on the other branch 6 of the head 4. The support points 15 and 16 then have a relative longitudinal position similar to that points 15 and 16 of Figure 2. The axes XX and YY are then also inclined relative to each other.
Le mode de fonctionnement de la clé 1 est le suivant. Lorsqu'on souhaite visser l'écrou 2, on applique, comme illustré par la figure 2, une force 20 sur la région d'extrémité proximale 21 du- manche 5 tendant à faire pivoter ce dernier dans le sens de rotation 14.The operating mode of the key 1 is as follows. When it is desired to screw the nut 2, a force 20 is applied, as illustrated in FIG. 2, to the proximal end region 21 of the sleeve 5 tending to pivot the latter in the direction of rotation 14.
Le manche 5 atteint alors la position de la figure 2 et entraîne la tête 4 en rotation dans le sens 14. Un couple de vissage est donc appliqué sur l'écrouThe handle 5 then reaches the position of FIG. 2 and drives the head 4 in rotation in the direction 14. A screwing torque is therefore applied to the nut
2 du fait de la complémentarité partielle de forme entre la tête 4 et l'écrou 2. Les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 forment alors des parties de transmission d'effort du manche 5 vers les surfaces de prise 10 et donc vers l'écrou 2.2 due to the partial complementarity of shape between the head 4 and the nut 2. The proximal end regions 9 then form force transmission parts of the handle 5 towards the grip surfaces 10 and therefore towards the nut 2.
Simultanément, le manche 5 joue, grâce aux deux points d'appui 15 et 16 décalés longitudinalement, le rôle d'un levier du premier ordre et tend à écarter les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 des branches 6 de la tête 4.Simultaneously, the handle 5 plays, thanks to the two support points 15 and 16 offset longitudinally, the role of a lever of the first order and tends to spread the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6 of the head 4.
Ainsi, les régions d'extrémité distale 8 de ces branches 6 tendent à se rapprocher. Cet effet tend alors à compenser la tendance à l'écartement des régions d'extrémité distale 8 des branches 6 et donc à limiter la rotation relative de l'écrou 2 par rapport à la tête 4.Thus, the distal end regions 8 of these branches 6 tend to approach each other. This effect then tends to compensate for the tendency for the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6 to spread apart and therefore to limit the relative rotation of the nut 2 relative to the head 4.
Inversement, le relâchement de la force 20 sur le manche 5 autorise le retour en position de repos des régions d'extrémité distale 8 des branches 6.Conversely, the release of the force 20 on the handle 5 allows the distal end regions 8 of the arms 6 to return to the rest position.
De manière analogue, lorsqu'on applique une force 24 de dévissage de l'écrou 2 sur l'extrémité proximale 21 du manche 5, le manche 5 prend la position illustrée par la figure 3 et tend d'une part à entraîner l'écrou 2 dans le sens de rotation 18 et d'autre part à rapprocher, par effet de levier, les régions d'extrémité distale 8 des branches 6.Similarly, when applying a force 24 to unscrew the nut 2 on the proximal end 21 of the handle 5, the handle 5 takes the position illustrated in FIG. 3 and tends on the one hand to drive the nut 2 in the direction of rotation 18 and, on the other hand, by bringing the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6 closer together.
Ainsi, l'effet de levier produit par le manche 5 tend à s'opposer à l'écartement par l'écrou 2 des surfaces de prise 10. Comme précédemment, le relâchement de la force 24 sur le manche 5 autorise le retour en position de repos des régions d'extrémité distale 8 des branches 6.Thus, the leverage produced by the handle 5 tends to oppose the separation by the nut 2 of the gripping surfaces 10. As before, the release of the force 24 on the handle 5 allows the return to position rest of the distal end regions 8 of the branches 6.
On constate alors que la clé 1 permet, dans les deux sens d'entraînement, de limiter la rotation entre l'écrou 2 et la tête 4 et également les risques d'éclatement de la tête 4.It can then be seen that the key 1 makes it possible, in the two drive directions, to limit the rotation between the nut 2 and the head 4 and also the risks of the head 4 bursting.
Par conséquent, la clé 1 permet la transmission de couples plus importants qu'un clé plate à fourche classique. Pour autant, la clé 1 permet d'accéder à un organe de vissage aussi facilement qu'une clé à fourche classique.Consequently, key 1 allows the transmission of greater torques than a conventional open-ended open-end wrench. However, key 1 allows to access a screwing member as easily as a conventional open-end wrench.
En jouant sur les dimensions et la forme de la tête 4, il est possible soit uniquement de compenser ou de limiter la tendance à l'écartement des surfaces de prise 10, mais également de surmonter cette tendance par un effet relativement important de rapprochement de ces surfaces de prise 10 sous l'action du manche 5. Ainsi, pour certaines géométries de clés 1 , on constate, pour certaines gammes de couples transmis à un écrou 2, un effet de resserrement des surfaces de prise 10 autour de l'écrou 2 lorsqu'on applique une force sur le manche 5.By varying the dimensions and the shape of the head 4, it is possible either only to compensate or to limit the tendency to the separation of the gripping surfaces 10, but also to overcome this tendency by a relatively significant effect of bringing these grip surfaces 10 under the action of the handle 5. Thus, for certain geometries of keys 1, there is, for certain ranges of torques transmitted to a nut 2, an effect of tightening of the grip surfaces 10 around the nut 2 when applying force to the handle 5.
La clé 1 de la figure 5 se distingue de celle des figures 1 à 4 par le fait que la tête 4 et le manche 5 ne sont plus séparés mais reliés par une lame longitudinale 26 venue de matière avec l'âme 7 de la tête 4 et la région d'extrémité distale 12 du manche 5. Cette lame 26 peut se déformer, par exemple en flexion, de sorte qu'elle forme entre la tête 4 et le manche 5 une liaison souple permettant à ce dernier de pivoter par rapport à la tête 4 pour prendre les positions représentées sur les figures 2 et 3.The key 1 of Figure 5 differs from that of Figures 1 to 4 by the fact that the head 4 and the handle 5 are no longer separated but connected by a longitudinal blade 26 formed integrally with the core 7 of the head 4 and the distal end region 12 of the handle 5. This blade 26 can be deformed, for example in bending, so that it forms between the head 4 and the handle 5 a flexible connection allowing the latter to pivot relative to the head 4 to take the positions shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 de la tête 4 comprennent quatre bourrelets intérieurs 27 disposés par paire sur ces régions 9. Les bourrelets 27 d'une même région 9 sont espacés l'un de l'autre et font face aux bourrelets 27 de l'autre région 9. Ces bourrelets 27 forment reliefs d'appui du manche 5 sur les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 lorsque le manche 5 va prendre, par rapport à la tête 4, les positions des figures 2 et 3. On notera que dans la position de repos représentée sur la figure 5, les quatre bourrelets 27 sont pratiquement au contact du manche 5.The proximal end regions 9 of the head 4 include four internal beads 27 arranged in pairs on these regions 9. The beads 27 of the same region 9 are spaced from one another and face the beads 27 of the 'other region 9. These beads 27 form support reliefs of the handle 5 on the proximal end regions 9 when the handle 5 will take, relative to the head 4, the positions of Figures 2 and 3. It will be noted that in the rest position shown in FIG. 5, the four beads 27 are practically in contact with the handle 5.
Dans une variante non représentée, la lame 26 peut être non pas venue de matière à la fois avec la tête 4 et le manche 5, mais fixée par soudure à la tête 4 et/ou au manche 5. Dans une variante non représentée, la lame 26 est remplacée par une pièce rapportée en élastomère, rendue solidaire à la fois de la tête 4 et du manche 5 par des moyens connus en soi (moyens mécaniques ou surmoulage par injection, par exemple). Selon la variante de la figure 6, la tête 4 comprend des reliefs d'appui du manche 5 contre les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 des branches 6, à savoir une paire de bourrelets 28 et une paire de pions 29. Ces reliefs font saillie depuis les branches 6 vers la région d'extrémité distale 12 du manche 5. Les bourrelets 28, d'une part, et les pions 29, d'autre part, sont disposés en regard. Toutefois, selon d'autres variantes les bourrelets 28 et les pions 29 peuvent être disposés autrement.In a variant not shown, the blade 26 may not have come in one piece with both the head 4 and the handle 5, but fixed by welding to the head 4 and / or to the handle 5. In a variant not shown, the blade 26 is replaced by an elastomer insert, made integral with both the head 4 and the handle 5 by means known per se (mechanical means or injection molding, for example). According to the variant of FIG. 6, the head 4 includes relief reliefs of the handle 5 against the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6, namely a pair of beads 28 and a pair of pins 29. These reliefs project from the branches 6 towards the distal end region 12 of the handle 5. The beads 28, on the one hand, and the pins 29, on the other hand, are arranged opposite. However, according to other variants, the beads 28 and the pins 29 can be arranged otherwise.
Les bourrelets 28 sont venus de matière chacun avec la région d'extrémité proximale 9 d'une branche 6 et sont plus éloignés de l'âme centrale 7 que les pions 29.The beads 28 came integrally each with the proximal end region 9 of a branch 6 and are more distant from the central core 7 than the pins 29.
Les pions 29, de forme cylindrique, sont reçus chacun dans un évidement 30 ménagé dans la région d'extrémité proximale 9 d'une branche 6.The pins 29, of cylindrical shape, are each received in a recess 30 formed in the proximal end region 9 of a branch 6.
La tête 4 porte deux paires d'évidements 30 qui peuvent recevoir les pions 29 et qui sont espacées le long de l'axe X-X. Ainsi, l'espacement selon l'axe X-X entre les pions 29 et les bourreletsThe head 4 carries two pairs of recesses 30 which can receive the pins 29 and which are spaced along the axis X-X. Thus, the spacing along the X-X axis between the pins 29 and the beads
28 peut être modifié.28 can be changed.
Les bourrelets 28 et les pions 29 définissent les points d'appui du manche 5 sur la tête 4 pour qu'il remplisse son rôle de levier. Il est alors possible de régler, par modification de la position des pions 29, l'intensité de la tendance au rapprochement des surfaces 10 induite par un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un écrou 2 appliqué sur le manche 5.The beads 28 and the pins 29 define the support points of the handle 5 on the head 4 so that it fulfills its role as a lever. It is then possible to adjust, by modifying the position of the pins 29, the intensity of the tendency for the surfaces 10 to approach, induced by a force in rotation driving a nut 2 applied to the handle 5.
Ainsi, plus l'espacement entre les bourrelet 28 et le pion 29 sur lesquels le manche 5 s'appuie est faible, plus cette tendance sera forte.Thus, the smaller the spacing between the bead 28 and the pin 29 on which the handle 5 rests, the stronger this tendency will be.
La figure 7 illustre un autre outil 1 selon l'invention qui se distingue de la clé des figures 1 à 4 par le fait que le manche a été remplacé par un organe de manoeuvre 5 de forme en T et qui comprend ainsi une barre 32 de transmission de couple prolongée par une poignée 33.FIG. 7 illustrates another tool 1 according to the invention which differs from the key of FIGS. 1 to 4 by the fact that the handle has been replaced by an operating member 5 of T shape and which thus comprises a bar 32 of torque transmission extended by a handle 33.
La région d'extrémité distale 34 de l'organe de manoeuvre 5 est reçue à faible jeu entre les régions d'extrémité proximale 9 des branches 6. Comme dans le cas de la figure 5, les régions d'extrémité proximale de la tête 4 présentent quatre bourrelets 27 d'appui de la région 34 de l'organe de manoeuvre 5 sur la tête 4. Cette région 34 a une section rectangulaire et est munie d'un alésage transversal 36.The distal end region 34 of the operating member 5 is received with little play between the proximal end regions 9 of the branches 6. As in the case of FIG. 5, the proximal end regions of the head 4 have four beads 27 for supporting the region 34 of the operating member 5 on the head 4. This region 34 has a rectangular section and is provided with a transverse bore 36.
Une goupille transversale 37 traverse les deux branches 6 et l'alésage 36. Cette goupille 37 relie l'organe de manoeuvre 5 et la tête 4 en permettant d'orienter l'organe de manoeuvre 5 par rapport à la tête 4, par rotation autour de l'axe de la goupille 37.A transverse pin 37 crosses the two branches 6 and the bore 36. This pin 37 connects the operating member 5 and the head 4 by making it possible to orient the operating member 5 relative to the head 4, by rotation around pin axis 37.
Ainsi, la barre 32 peut être située hors du plan de la tête 4, par exemple inclinée ou perpendiculaire à ce plan comme représenté sur la figure 7. Cette possibilité d'orientation permet de s'adapter à des conditions d'utilisation variées, par exemple pour visser des écrous difficilement accessibles.Thus, the bar 32 can be located outside the plane of the head 4, for example inclined or perpendicular to this plane as shown in FIG. 7. This possibility of orientation makes it possible to adapt to various conditions of use, by example for screwing hard-to-reach nuts.
L'utilisateur adapte alors l'effort qu'il exerce pour obtenir, dans tous les cas, un couple d'entraînement en rotation sur l'organe de vissage. Par ailleurs, le jeu entre l'alésage 36 et la goupille 37 est suffisamment important pour, lorsque dans la position de la figure 7 on applique à la poignée 33 un couple d'entraînement en rotation d'un écrou, permettre la rotation de la barre 32 autour de son axe longitudinal par rapport à la tête 4. La région 34 de la barre 32 prend alors appui sur les bourrelets 27 et tend ainsi à écarter par effet de came les régions 9 des branches 6 pour tendre à rapprocher les surfaces de prise 10 comme précédemment.The user then adapts the effort that he exerts to obtain, in all cases, a torque for driving in rotation on the screwing member. Furthermore, the clearance between the bore 36 and the pin 37 is sufficiently large for, when in the position of FIG. 7, a torque is applied to the rotation of a nut to allow the rotation of the nut. bar 32 around its longitudinal axis with respect to the head 4. The region 34 of the bar 32 then bears on the beads 27 and thus tends to spread by cam effect the regions 9 of the branches 6 so as to tend to bring the surfaces of take 10 as before.
Dans une variante, la goupille 37 est amovible pour permettre de séparer la tête 4 et l'organe 5, et donc de relier des têtes 4 de tailles et de formes différentes à l'organe de manoeuvre 5. Dans un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 8, le mancheIn a variant, the pin 37 is removable to allow the head 4 and the member 5 to be separated, and therefore to connect heads 4 of different sizes and shapes to the operating member 5. In another embodiment shown in Figure 8, the handle
5 de la clé des figures 1 à 4 a été remplacé par l'embout de sortie 40 d'une clé dynamométrique 41.5 of the key in FIGS. 1 to 4 has been replaced by the outlet nozzle 40 of a torque wrench 41.
Bien que la description ci-dessus soit adaptée à une clé plate à fourche, l'invention peut être appliquée à d'autres types d'outils. Although the above description is adapted to an open-ended open-end wrench, the invention can be applied to other types of tools.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Outil (1 ) d'entraînement en rotation pour un organe de vissage (2), notamment outil à main, du type comprenant une tête (4) présentant au moins deux surfaces de prise (10) pour entraîner l'organe de vissage par complémentarité au moins partielle de forme, et des moyens (5 ; 41 ) d'entraînement en rotation de la tête, la tête (4) se comportant globalement comme une pièce monobloc lors de l'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage, la tête comprenant une région (7) de liaison des surfaces de prise et des parties (9) de transmission vers les surfaces de prise d'un effort de rotation appliqué sur les moyens d'entraînement, la région de liaison (7) étant située entre les parties de transmission d'effort (9) et les surfaces de prise (10), caractérisée en ce que la tête (4) est adaptée pour que l'action des moyens d'entraînement en rotation sur les parties de transmission d'effort (9) tende à déformer la géométrie de la tête pour rapprocher les surfaces de prise (10) l'une de l'autre lorsqu'on applique par l'intermédiaire des moyens (5 ; 41 ) d'entraînement un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage (2).1. Tool (1) for driving in rotation for a screwing member (2), in particular a hand tool, of the type comprising a head (4) having at least two gripping surfaces (10) for driving the screwing member by at least partial complementarity in shape, and means (5; 41) for driving the head in rotation, the head (4) generally behaving as a single piece during the driving in rotation of a screwing member , the head comprising a region (7) for connecting the gripping surfaces and parts (9) for transmitting to the gripping surfaces a rotational force applied to the drive means, the bonding region (7) being located between the force transmission parts (9) and the gripping surfaces (10), characterized in that the head (4) is adapted so that the action of the drive means in rotation on the transmission parts d '' effort (9) tends to deform the geometry of the head to bring the surfaces closer together grip (10) from each other when applied by means (5; 41) drive a drive force in rotation of a screw member (2).
2. Outil selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la tête (4) est adaptée pour que ladite action des moyens (5 ; 41 ) d'entraînement en rotation tende à déformer élastiquement la tête (4). 2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the head (4) is adapted so that said action of the means (5; 41) for driving in rotation tends to elastically deform the head (4).
3. Outil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la tête comprennent un organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41 ) de la tête (4).3. Tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for driving the head in rotation comprise an operating member (5; 41) of the head (4).
4. Outil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41 ) de la tête (4) est mobile par rapport à celle-ci pour tendre à rapprocher les surfaces de prise (10) l'une de l'autre, par effet de levier ou de came sur les parties de transmission d'effort (9), lorsqu'on applique sur l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41 ) un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage (2).4. Tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the operating member (5; 41) of the head (4) is movable relative thereto to tend to bring the gripping surfaces (10) one on the other, by lever or cam effect on the force transmission parts (9), when a force for rotating an organ is applied to the operating member (5; 41) screwing (2).
5. Outil selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la tête (4) a une configuration générale en H et comprend deux branches (6) reliées par une âme centrale (7), une région distale (8) de chaque branche présentant une des surfaces de prise (10) et les régions proximales (9) des branches formant lesdites parties de transmission d'effort, en ce que les deux branches (6) sont mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre par déformation de l'âme centrale pour rapprocher les surfaces de prise (10) l'une de l'autre par écartement de régions proximales (9) des branches (6), et en ce qu'une région distale (12, 34) de l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41 ) est disposée entre les régions proximales (9) des branches pour les écarter, par effet de levier ou de came, lorsqu'on applique sur l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41) un effort d'entraînement en rotation d'un organe de vissage (2).5. Tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the head (4) has a general configuration in H and comprises two branches (6) connected by a central core (7), a distal region (8) of each branch having a gripping surfaces (10) and the proximal regions (9) of the branches forming said force transmission parts, in that the two branches (6) are movable relative to each other by deformation of the central core to bring the gripping surfaces (10) closer to each other by spacing proximal regions (9) of the branches (6), and in this that a distal region (12, 34) of the operating member (5; 41) is arranged between the proximal regions (9) of the branches to spread them, by lever or cam effect, when applied to the 'operating member (5; 41) a drive force in rotation of a screw member (2).
6. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41) est relié à la tête par une liaison souple (26).6. Tool according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the operating member (5; 41) is connected to the head by a flexible connection (26).
7. Outil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la liaison souple comprend une partie (26) déformable et venue de matière avec la tête (4) et l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41).7. Tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the flexible connection comprises a part (26) deformable and integral with the head (4) and the operating member (5; 41).
8. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41 ) et la tête (4) sont séparés ou separables.8. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the operating member (5; 41) and the head (4) are separate or separable.
9. Outil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens amovibles (37) de liaison de la tête (4) et de l'organe de manoeuvre (5).9. Tool according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises removable means (37) for connecting the head (4) and the operating member (5).
10. Outil selon la revendication 3 à 5, 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de manoeuvre (5 ; 41) est orientable par rapport à la tête (4). 10. Tool according to claim 3 to 5, 8 or 9, characterized in that the operating member (5; 41) is orientable relative to the head (4).
11. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de manoeuvre fait partie d'un outil dynamométrique (41 ).11. Tool according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the operating member is part of a torque tool (41).
12. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (29, 30) de réglage de la tendance à la déformation de la tête (4) sous ladite action des moyens (5 ; 41) d'entraînement en rotation.12. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises means (29, 30) for adjusting the tendency to deformation of the head (4) under said action of the means (5; 41) rotational drive.
13. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la tête comprend deux mâchoires ouvertes (8) qui présentent chacune au moins une des surfaces de prise (10).13. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the head comprises two open jaws (8) which each have at least one of the gripping surfaces (10).
14. Outil selon les revendications 6 et 13 prises en combinaison, caractérisé en ce que la liaison souple est réalisée en élastomère. 14. Tool according to claims 6 and 13 taken in combination, characterized in that the flexible connection is made of elastomer.
EP00960781A 1999-09-28 2000-09-01 Rotational driving tool for screwing member Expired - Lifetime EP1216120B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9912086 1999-09-28
FR9912086A FR2798876B3 (en) 1999-09-28 1999-09-28 ROTATION DRIVE TOOL FOR A TIGHTENING MEMBER
PCT/FR2000/002427 WO2001023145A1 (en) 1999-09-28 2000-09-01 Rotational driving tool for screwing member

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1216120A1 true EP1216120A1 (en) 2002-06-26
EP1216120B1 EP1216120B1 (en) 2005-03-30

Family

ID=9550322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00960781A Expired - Lifetime EP1216120B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2000-09-01 Rotational driving tool for screwing member

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6557441B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1216120B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE291991T1 (en)
AU (1) AU7297000A (en)
DE (1) DE60019140T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2798876B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2001023145A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2952179B1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2012-06-01 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa TOOLING FOR MEASURING THE GAME OF THE DIFFERENT BALLS PRESENTED ON A VEHICLE TRAIN, AND A METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SET OF BALLS USING SUCH TOOLS
US9259825B2 (en) * 2013-02-06 2016-02-16 Grace Engineering Corp. Torque wrench for archery broadheads and fasteners
US9347162B1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2016-05-24 Ronald R. Pitts Fabric seam alignment tool
DE102020106888A1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-16 Grohe Ag Tool for actuating an adjusting element of a sanitary fitting

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US1218576A (en) * 1916-05-06 1917-03-06 Howard W Hall Pipe-wrench.
US1361923A (en) 1920-03-05 1920-12-14 William M Stovall Wrench
US1619744A (en) * 1921-03-28 1927-03-01 Paul J Mccloskey Mechanic's fishing tool
FR592653A (en) 1924-11-17 1925-08-06 Pedal wrench
CH136845A (en) 1928-02-07 1929-11-30 Emil Klingler Johann Wrench.
GB618203A (en) 1945-11-02 1949-02-17 George Thomas Logan Improvements in wrench construction
US2594154A (en) 1950-03-22 1952-04-22 John J Greer Wrench having pivotable jaws cammed by pivoting handle
US2886998A (en) 1957-07-12 1959-05-19 George W Scott Joint for an angularly adjustable wrench head
GB8812527D0 (en) 1988-05-26 1988-06-29 Bantex Ltd Improvements in & relating to fitting of aerials
US5464421A (en) * 1991-06-14 1995-11-07 Surgin Surgical Instrumentation, Inc. Hemorrhage occluder, applicator and method
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7297000A (en) 2001-04-30
DE60019140D1 (en) 2005-05-04
US6557441B1 (en) 2003-05-06
EP1216120B1 (en) 2005-03-30
FR2798876A1 (en) 2001-03-30
FR2798876B3 (en) 2001-12-14
ATE291991T1 (en) 2005-04-15
WO2001023145A1 (en) 2001-04-05
DE60019140T2 (en) 2006-02-09

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