EP1208048A1 - Procede de mise en place dans un recipient du type cannette metallique d'un dispositif d'extraction automatique de paille, et son dispositif associe - Google Patents
Procede de mise en place dans un recipient du type cannette metallique d'un dispositif d'extraction automatique de paille, et son dispositif associeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1208048A1 EP1208048A1 EP00953381A EP00953381A EP1208048A1 EP 1208048 A1 EP1208048 A1 EP 1208048A1 EP 00953381 A EP00953381 A EP 00953381A EP 00953381 A EP00953381 A EP 00953381A EP 1208048 A1 EP1208048 A1 EP 1208048A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- straw
- arm
- cover
- retaining
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
- B65D77/22—Details
- B65D77/24—Inserts or accessories added or incorporated during filling of containers
- B65D77/28—Cards, coupons, or drinking straws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
- B65D17/28—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness
- B65D17/401—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall
- B65D17/4012—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall for opening partially by means of a tearing tab
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/0001—Details
- B65D2517/001—Action for opening container
- B65D2517/0014—Action for opening container pivot tab and push-down tear panel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/0001—Details
- B65D2517/0047—Provided with additional elements other than for closing the opening
- B65D2517/0049—Straws, spouts, funnels, or other devices facilitating pouring or emptying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/0001—Details
- B65D2517/0058—Other details of container end panel
- B65D2517/0059—General cross-sectional shape of container end panel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of placing an automatic straw extraction device in a can-type container, and its associated device.
- an automatic straw extraction device intended to equip metallic cylindrical cans of the type comprising a container closed by a crimped cover which comprises opening means constituted by a push ring intended to move towards the inside the can a pre-cut tab.
- Such an extraction device is, for example, described in the French patent published under the number 2 772 731 and comprises a straw support member constituted by a deformable elastic retaining arm, one of the ends of which is connected to a ring peripheral and the other includes means for retaining straw.
- the peripheral ring is intended to be sandwiched between the cover and more particularly its crimping groove and the upper peripheral edge of the container, while the retaining arm is tensioned before being put in place by displacement and supported. on a fixed stop secured to the peripheral ring.
- the present invention therefore proposes to resolve these drawbacks by proposing a device without a fixed stop for the straw retaining arm deformed and its implementation method.
- the method of placing in a can comprising a container closed by a cover of an automatic device for extracting a straw of the type comprising a straw support member constituted by a deformable retaining arm elastically intended to be tensioned by elastic deformation, said arm comprising a retaining tube for straw, is characterized in that it consists in tensioning said arm by direct or indirect action of the cover during coupling of said cover with said device.
- the method comprises the following preliminary steps: a- attach the straw to the retaining arm to form an intermediate sub-assembly, namely, the straw-extraction sub-assembly;
- the method consists in tensioning the retaining arm by action of the cover on a projection integral with the retaining arm, ie on the straw retained by the arm.
- the invention also relates to the straw extraction device intended to implement the method which comprises a straw support member constituted by an elastically deformable retaining arm, one of the ends of which is connected to a peripheral ring or ring annular, while the free end of the arm comprises means for retaining the straw.
- the straw retaining means are constituted by a portion of retaining tube (10).
- the device is produced in a single piece of plastic material, while the annular ring comprises a succession of deformable lips which are sandwiched peripherally during the crimping of the can between the lid and more particularly its crimping groove and the upper peripheral edge of the container opening.
- the retaining arm comprises an actuating arm intended to be activated and moved by the cover when the can is opened, while the elastic connection of the retaining arm with the peripheral ring is produced by the succession of two elastically deformable zones: a first deformation zone allowing the retaining arm to move in horizontal pivoting around a vertical pivot axis, and a second deformation zone distinct from the first deformation zone allowing the arm to move in a vertical pivot around a horizontal pivot axis.
- Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate in perspective the opening of a container of the metal cylindrical can type comprising the device of the invention.
- Figure 1 illustrates the closed can.
- Figure 2 illustrates the open can once the cover has allowed the straw to protrude through the opening.
- FIGS 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate a first embodiment of the extraction device.
- Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 illustrate a second embodiment of the extraction device.
- FIGS 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 illustrate the phases of the process with the use of the first embodiment of the extraction device.
- FIGS 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 illustrate the phases of the process with the use of the second embodiment of the extraction device.
- Figure 25 is a bottom perspective view of a variant of the second embodiment of the device
- the invention relates to a method for installing an automatic straw extraction device bearing the general reference (1) intended to automatically extract when it is opened a straw (2) placed inside a container ( 3).
- the extraction device (1) is advantageously described in the particular case of cylindrical cans metal, the opening means of which are constituted in a manner known per se by a push ring (4) and a precut tab (5) also called a cover which can pivot towards the interior of the container (3) under the action of the ring to release the orifice (6) of said opening means, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. It goes without saying that the automatic extraction device according to the invention could be modified to be suitable for other types containers or other types of opening means without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the extraction device (1) intended to be used during the process of the invention comprises a straw support member (7) constituted by an elastically deformable retaining arm (8) one end of which is connected to a ring peripheral or annular ring (9). Furthermore, the free end of the arm (8) comprises means (10) for retaining the straw, which are constituted by a portion of retaining tube (10) advantageously open, to give it sufficient elasticity in order to pinch the straw.
- the extraction device is advantageously made in a single piece of plastic material, while the annular ring (9) comprises a succession of deformable lips (15) which are sandwiched peripherally during the crimping of the can between the cover (14) and more particularly its crimping groove and the upper peripheral edge of the opening of the container as shown in FIG. 6a and in FIG. 11a.
- the retaining means (10) of the straw are extended upward by a projection for deformation of the arm (11) which extends upwards.
- Said projection (11) is constituted by a cylindrical wall portion whose upper end (12) is intended to abut on the lower wall (13) of the cover (14) when it is coupled with said device, as is illustrated in Figures 6, and 16 and, of course, during the crimping of the cover, thus causing the deformation down along F of the arm (8), as illustrated in FIG. 6 and in FIG. 16.
- the retaining arm (8) does not include a deformation projection.
- the arm is deformed by direct action of the cover on the straw.
- said arm (8) comprises an actuating arm (18) intended to be activated and moved by the cover (5) when the can is opened.
- the elastic connection of the retaining arm (8) with the peripheral ring (9) is produced by the succession of two elastically deformable zones: a first deformation zone (16) allowing the retaining arm (8) to move in horizontal pivoting around a vertical pivot axis (XX '), and a second deformation zone (17), distinct from the first deformation zone (15), allowing the arm (8) to move in pivoting vertical around a horizontal pivot axis (YY ').
- the second deformation zone (17) is a deformable flat profile, but it could have any other shape and in particular that illustrated in FIG. 25.
- the retaining arm (8) extends from the peripheral ring inward substantially horizontally, at least in a plane substantially parallel to the general plane (H) of said ring (9 ).
- the retaining arm (8) forms with the general plane (H) of the peripheral ring ( 9) an acute angle (A) of between 20 and 60 degrees and, for example, 40 degrees.
- the retaining arm (8) is resiliently biased downward along F, so that, when opened, this elasticity is returned to extract the straw (2) from the opening, as illustrated in Figures 2, 6 and 11.
- the arm is placed under stress when the cover (14) is coupled with the device (1) as illustrated in FIGS. 6, 11, 16, 17, 22 and 23 by direct or indirect action of said cover on the retaining arm.
- the lower wall (13) of the cover (14) biases the retaining arm (8) in elastic preload downwards by its direct action on the end (12) of the deformation projection of the arm (11).
- the lower wall (13) of the cover (14) biases the retaining arm (8) in elastic preload downwards by its direct action on the end (20) of the straw (2) retained by the tubular retaining portion (10).
- the end (150) of the actuating arm (15) is arranged in the path of the cover (5). Also, when the can is opened, the cover (5) acts on the actuating arm (15) to rotate the assembly which it constitutes with the retaining arm (8) around the axis. (XX ') and thus place the end of the straw in the area of the opening (6), the straw immediately protruding through this opening by releasing the prestress.
- a- attach the straw to the retaining arm by inserting the straw into the retaining tube (10) to form an intermediate sub-assembly (30), namely, the straw sub-assembly (2) -extraction device ( 1).
- the sub-assembly (30) is engaged under the cover (14) and clipped with the latter by cooperation of the succession of lips (15) with the peripheral groove (31) of the cover (see FIGS. 15, 16 and Figures 21 and 22).
- the installation of the device with its straw with the cover is done with a determined relative angular orientation.
- the lower wall (13) of the latter forces the retaining arm (8) directly or indirectly downwards to place it in the preloaded position, as illustrated in Figures 6, 16 and Figures 11 and 22.
- the second deformation zone (17) is an open hollow profile, in particular in the shape of an omega, in order to give said zone an appropriate elasticity.
- the straw (2) used is advantageously a telescopic straw, flexed, that is to say which comprises a deformation accordion.
- the device may include a guide ramp (90) for the end of the straw, as shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 25.
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Closing Of Containers (AREA)
- Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9911190 | 1999-08-31 | ||
FR9911190 | 1999-08-31 | ||
PCT/IB2000/001205 WO2001015995A1 (fr) | 1999-08-31 | 2000-08-30 | Procede de mise en place dans un recipient du type cannette metallique d'un dispositif d'extraction automatique de paille, et son dispositif associe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1208048A1 true EP1208048A1 (fr) | 2002-05-29 |
EP1208048B1 EP1208048B1 (fr) | 2004-04-28 |
Family
ID=9549612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00953381A Expired - Lifetime EP1208048B1 (fr) | 1999-08-31 | 2000-08-30 | Procede de mise en place dans un recipient du type cannette metallique d'un dispositif d'extraction automatique de paille, et son dispositif associe |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070042084A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1208048B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003508311A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20020059385A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1250428C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE265374T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6588900A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0013691A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2383273A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60010279T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1208048T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2220510T3 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA02002270A (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ517501A (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1208048E (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001015995A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200202251B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005035389A1 (fr) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-04-21 | Dany Prieto | Dispositif d'extraction automatique d'une paille d'un recipient tel qu'une boite metallique contenant de la boisson |
KR100525964B1 (ko) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-11-04 | 우한석 | 스트로가 내장된 캔 |
ITMI20040886A1 (it) * | 2004-05-03 | 2004-08-03 | Giovanni Caselli | Dispositivo per la consumazione igienica delle bibite in lattina |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2450244A (en) * | 1945-09-28 | 1948-09-28 | Clarence S Lynch | Beverage container and dispensing device |
US3295715A (en) * | 1964-11-17 | 1967-01-03 | William A Pugh | Metal container with central plastic straw |
US3717476A (en) * | 1970-09-09 | 1973-02-20 | Mirlin Corp | Can-straw construction |
US3946895A (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1976-03-30 | Pugh William A | Container lid with tear-out closure and straw |
US4078692A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-03-14 | Stein Elias H | Container with integral straw |
US4462503A (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1984-07-31 | Rudolph Di Raffaele | Beverage container with enclosed straw |
US4424913A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-01-10 | Ko Duk H | Beverage container with integral straw |
US4537324A (en) * | 1984-11-06 | 1985-08-27 | Wang Ming Sheng | Automatic straw-emerging device for easy-to-open beverage can of press-down type sealing tap |
US4582213A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-04-15 | Park Sea C | Beverage container with enclosed straw |
US4690294A (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1987-09-01 | Jones Robert D | Beverage container |
US4733785A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-03-29 | Turner Jr Dan B | Buoyant advertising straw for beverage bottles |
US4709829A (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1987-12-01 | Lee R Johnson | SAN-I-CAN (a beverage container incorporating its own straw) |
US4923083A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1990-05-08 | Raymond Forbes | Straw for storage within beverage container |
US4792083A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1988-12-20 | Zion Yassur | Drinking tubes and covers for beverage containers and beverage containers incorporating the same |
US4877148A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1989-10-31 | Gordon Larson | Dispensing straw for liquid container |
US4948008A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1990-08-14 | Wu Jaw Shyong | Can end having a pull tab connected to a pull-up member which can be used as a plug |
US5054639A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1991-10-08 | Si Y. Ahn | Floating straw for beverage cans |
US5253779A (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-10-19 | Lee Gul N | Beverage container having a self-contained pop-up straw assembly |
US5172827A (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1992-12-22 | Chang In Y | Beverage container |
US5431297A (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-07-11 | Rosello; Agustin A. | Pop-up straw for beverage containers |
US5788106A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1998-08-04 | Hotinski; Steven | Beverage container with an integral pop-up straw |
WO1998056669A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-12 | 1998-12-17 | Il Hee Kim | Dispositif servant a projeter une paille d'une canette de boisson |
FR2772731B1 (fr) | 1997-12-18 | 2000-03-24 | Dany Prieto | Recipient muni d'un dispositif d'extraction automatique d'une paille |
US5848721A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1998-12-15 | The Popstraw Company, Llc | Dual straw/prize dispensing device for beverage container |
US6036048A (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-03-14 | Fischman; Fagey L. | Beverage container with self-contained straw |
-
2000
- 2000-08-30 NZ NZ517501A patent/NZ517501A/en unknown
- 2000-08-30 JP JP2001519570A patent/JP2003508311A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-30 WO PCT/IB2000/001205 patent/WO2001015995A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-30 BR BR0013691-3A patent/BR0013691A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-30 PT PT00953381T patent/PT1208048E/pt unknown
- 2000-08-30 MX MXPA02002270A patent/MXPA02002270A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-30 AU AU65889/00A patent/AU6588900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-30 KR KR1020027002827A patent/KR20020059385A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-08-30 DK DK00953381T patent/DK1208048T3/da active
- 2000-08-30 CA CA002383273A patent/CA2383273A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-30 CN CNB008121125A patent/CN1250428C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-30 EP EP00953381A patent/EP1208048B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-30 ES ES00953381T patent/ES2220510T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-30 DE DE60010279T patent/DE60010279T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-30 AT AT00953381T patent/ATE265374T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-03-20 ZA ZA200202251A patent/ZA200202251B/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-10-27 US US11/588,316 patent/US20070042084A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0115995A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1371336A (zh) | 2002-09-25 |
BR0013691A (pt) | 2002-06-25 |
KR20020059385A (ko) | 2002-07-12 |
CN1250428C (zh) | 2006-04-12 |
NZ517501A (en) | 2003-09-26 |
DE60010279D1 (de) | 2004-06-03 |
ATE265374T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
US20070042084A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
PT1208048E (pt) | 2004-09-30 |
WO2001015995A1 (fr) | 2001-03-08 |
MXPA02002270A (es) | 2003-08-20 |
ZA200202251B (en) | 2002-12-19 |
JP2003508311A (ja) | 2003-03-04 |
DE60010279T2 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
DK1208048T3 (da) | 2004-08-30 |
ES2220510T3 (es) | 2004-12-16 |
CA2383273A1 (fr) | 2001-03-08 |
EP1208048B1 (fr) | 2004-04-28 |
AU6588900A (en) | 2001-03-26 |
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