EP1205288A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Verpressen flächiger Werkstoffe - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Verpressen flächiger Werkstoffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1205288A2 EP1205288A2 EP01204283A EP01204283A EP1205288A2 EP 1205288 A2 EP1205288 A2 EP 1205288A2 EP 01204283 A EP01204283 A EP 01204283A EP 01204283 A EP01204283 A EP 01204283A EP 1205288 A2 EP1205288 A2 EP 1205288A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transport
- heating elements
- transport unit
- moisture
- heat transfer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
Definitions
- the present application relates to a method and a device for continuous Drying a flat, hygroscopic material like fiberboard, chipboard, Wood veneers and the like, as well as its continuous pressing to laminate materials like laminate, multilayer Laminated wood panels, veneer panels, coated fiberboard and the like under Use of pressure, binders and possibly Heat, characterized in that the Moisture of the material before and during its passage through the device several times measured continuously and by a locally, chronologically and quantitatively regulated Heat transfer from heating elements to the material is controlled and that the regulation of the Heat transfer amount by changing the Air gap height between heating element or Heating elements and the leading material Transport unit is practically inert.
- hygroscopic materials such as wood veneers, Fibreboard and the like either in Cycle or continuously dried.
- the timing process starts with the simple one Laying out the material in a dry environment and go into technical until his spending Drying chambers with controlled drying process, which stack of materials with stacking strips or drying strips in between for an adequate air supply to the surfaces, as well as fans for one sufficient air movement and removal of the moisture-saturated Worry about air.
- controlled drying process Through the targeted Application of heat, through a controlled Moisture gradient and more recently using a vacuum gentle on the material and largely uniform Desired drying.
- Such drying processes have especially with thicker material cross sections enforced by wood.
- a big disadvantage of this type of drying is the one that occurs with the materials so-called drying or shrinkage loss, because the materials during the drying process with the escaping water considerably in volume to lose. Part of the Materials lost due to deformation because with the release of moisture in the materials Tensions arise due to different Initial moisture levels, different Drying processes within the Materials and different shrinkage dimensions different material zones. Such deformations must be mechanical after the drying process (by planing or milling) or by "ironing" under pressure between two flat surfaces (e.g. in ironing presses with wood veneers) are corrected.
- a known clock method uses heated Press surfaces for drying wood veneers, with the veneer sheets between two Press plates are held under pressure, until a sufficiently low final moisture is reached.
- the one contained in the wood veneers Moisture is caused by the high Press plate temperature brought to evaporate and can by in the surfaces of the press plates milled grooves escape.
- the disadvantage of Loss of shrinkage is largely avoided, because the wood veneers by the pressure be prevented from shrinking.
- the advantage of this known clock method is that the wood veneers have only slight deformations exhibit because of the surface pressure of the press plates can be prevented.
- the wood veneers are therefore fundamental to this procedure to a very low one, close to zero Moisture dried down, which is reasonably can be controlled safely, however requires an unnecessarily high amount of energy and often cause material discoloration Overheating and embrittlement with subsequent crack formation leads.
- Continuous drying processes some of them have voluminous continuous drying chambers in which the materials between two metal chain bands be, having multiple zones with above and arranged below the chain belts, Hot air on the material blowing nozzles happen.
- a recirculation system takes care of that rapid air changes on the material surfaces and the exchange of moisture-saturated Air.
- the material is here not prevented from waning, the waning loss so occurs in full. deformations partly due to the weight of the support of the upper chain band can be reduced.
- Overdrying and resulting Material discolouration occur in this process hardly on.
- a differentiated control of the Drying to adapt to different initial moisture levels or quickly changing Material properties is in this process however not possible. So here too very low material moisture content is aimed for that are more controllable than a higher material final moisture.
- DE 31 18 563 adds the aforementioned patent essentially different variants complex printing systems that consist of different Types of chains, roller tapes and press devices with pressurized, resiliently deformable chambers (42) exist.
- the aim of these measures is to create an adjustable one and evenly distributed pressure on the material transferred to. Whether the achievable pressure to avoid the drying shrinkage of the Wood veneer is sufficient in the description not specified.
- the heat is supplied still unspecific on the return run of the Conveyors, some of which accept friction, made by the application of films PTFE should be reduced.
- a moisture measurement or even specific control of the Drying process is completely missing, so too here starting from the wettest specimens a batch of materials all through the machine moving parts to a near zero point target final moisture content of the materials must become.
- Drying down for example, is known to cost of softwood veneers within one given period of 100% moisture the relative energy factor at 30% humidity 1, drying from 30% to 10% about the Factor 2, drying from 10% to 5% approximately the factor 5, the drying from 5% to 2% approximately a factor of 10, drying from 2% to 0% approximately the factor 50.
- These values vary depending on Wood type and thickness of the material. However, they apply as is known, tends to be for all hygroscopic Materials, including stones.
- overdrying For example, according to the state of the art for wood veneers, among other things, that their further processing into plywood panels and veneer panels a water-based binder such as urea-formaldehyde condensate, phenol-formaldehyde condensate or melamine-formaldehyde condensate whichever is used usually a water content between 40 and Has 60%.
- a water-based binder such as urea-formaldehyde condensate, phenol-formaldehyde condensate or melamine-formaldehyde condensate whichever is used usually a water content between 40 and Has 60%.
- a high dose of condensate glue applied or applied. hereby too much water is regularly added in the final product (the laminate or Veneer panel) introduced, which in turn by Use of energy in the gluing press for evaporation must be brought to the final moisture of the final product at the level of To lower equilibrium moisture.
- the transport of the material through the invention Device is made by a Transport unit, preferably in the form of an Principle of the known type of chain-guided transport plates, which are joined together in width and length form an almost closed surface, which leads to an almost complete heat transfer and an almost complete pressure transfer lead to the material and which hold the material from above and below.
- the feed speed of the transport unit is adjustable, but remains over the whole Machining area of the material constant. So there are no differences in speed.
- the surface pressure on the material is set high enough for the Prevent drying shrinkage, that is, that the shrinkage is only in the thickness dimension of the material affects where it does not disturbs. Cracking will also occur automatically prevented by shrinkage. Likewise, Deformations of the material as far as possible prevented.
- a fundamental innovation of the present invention is the type of heat transfer from the heat source on the continuous material.
- the heat transfer takes place in contrast to the stand technology through direct contact, still over an open flame, through hot air or a fixed air gap, but via an adjustable air gap between the respective heating element and the one immediately opposite area of the transport unit for the material.
- the said adjustable Air gap has at least the height which through a maximum achievable accuracy of Processing is given so that the heat transfer between heating element and transport unit always done smoothly.
- the Heating elements are made by means of hydraulically acting Cylinders and return springs or on both sides acting cylinders of known design need-based brought closer to the transport unit or further away, the air gap designed higher or less high, whereby the heat transfer amount despite the constant Temperature of the heating elements very quickly and is changed virtually inertia.
- the The sluggishness of the heating is therefore only due to the heat storage capacity of the transport unit certainly. This is through the use low heat storage and high heat conductivity Materials (e.g. aluminum alloys) for which preferably the transport unit forming transport plates and through a well-known favorable shape of these transport plates kept low.
- the device receives according to the invention a series about the Spread the width of the device and the first following heating elements in the direction of flow control-continuously assigned Moisture measuring devices of known design, whose measurement data to regulate the height of the mentioned air gap between heating elements and transport unit can be used. Further such moisture meters follow within the device as needed in one or several rows, also in terms of control the following in the direction of flow Assigned heating elements.
- the air gap height can accordingly on each of the heating elements or also on groups of heating elements Need to be changed, being the change from the stated manufacturing-related minimum air gap height with maximum heat transfer on the one hand and many millimeters wide footprints with immediate termination of everyone significant heat transfer on the other hand enough.
- the transport unit in their preferred Shape as chain-guided transport plates in terms of the amount of support points the heating elements must remain firm, they are Transport chain tracks of the transport unit and the contact points of the heating elements in a region of the device according to the invention (preferably the lower area) together firmly anchored on a stable press table, which in turn is better known in a press frame Execution is firmly anchored.
- the other area of the device according to the invention (preferably the upper area) to accommodate different thickness materials in Relationship to the fixed area in height be adjustable. Will continue this height-adjustable range, too is designed as a stable press table the built-in hydraulically operated pressure elements known design so against the called fixed press table, that the material between the top and bottom Part of the transport unit held sufficiently becomes a drying shrinkage and prevent deformation of the material. Also on this height adjustable (preferably upper) press table are the transport chain tracks the transport unit and the support points of the heating elements firmly anchored together. This ensures that in the lower as in the upper range of the invention Device changing the heat transfer serving air gap regardless of the Thickness of the material and regardless of that surface pressure applied to the material becomes.
- the heating elements can with in a known manner Holes for receiving heating agents such as Hot water, thermal oil or electric Heating rods are provided.
- the heating temperature just need to get the highest one you want Point to be settled since the handover the temperature and thus that in the material desired temperature by setting of the air gap mentioned.
- the control of the height of the air gap is according to the invention provided with a security level, which is the immediate sweep of everyone Heating elements from the transport unit (lowering the heat transfer close to the value Zero) in the event that the feed or the passage of the material from any Reasons (e.g. power failure) ' increased. This will automatically cause overheating damage on the material and the risk of Avoided fire.
- a security level which is the immediate sweep of everyone Heating elements from the transport unit (lowering the heat transfer close to the value Zero) in the event that the feed or the passage of the material from any Reasons (e.g. power failure) ' increased. This will automatically cause overheating damage on the material and the risk of Avoided fire.
- the preferably used as a transport unit receive chain-guided transport plates on their surface facing the material milled grooves in known design for pressure-free discharge of the material evaporating moisture.
- the device according to the invention can be implemented with a device for suction this Water vapor and for the recovery of this contained thermal energy in a known version be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through the invention Device transverse to the direction of flow with the lower part of the device (A) and the only indicated upper area of the Device (B), the lower press table (1), the firmly mounted on this press table Transport chain tracks (6), also hydraulically operated firmly mounted on it Device for air gap control (11) with a Return spring (12) and one on this device fortified, thermally by insulation against heat transfer (10) separate lower Heating element (7).
- FIG. 1 also shows which are preferably used as a transport unit Transport chains with the pressure absorbing Casters (5) built on slim Transport chain bars (4) via clamping devices (3) the lower transport plates (2) wear. These transport plates (2) are with a Provide insulation against heat radiation (9) and have channels for a heating medium (8). The Heat transfer from the lower heating elements (7) takes place via the lower adjustable height Air gap (13) on the lower transport plates (2) and from there to the between the lower transport plates (2) and the upper Transport plates (2a) under pressure Material (14).
- Figure 1 shows indicated the offset the lower transport plates (2) arranged upper transport plates (2a), the upper air gap (13a) and the upper heating elements (7a).
- Figure 2 shows schematically in the longitudinal direction the device offset relative to each other Arrangement of the chain-guided transport plates, in vertical section parallel to the direction of flow the device with the lower transport plates (2) and the upper transport plates (2a), the material (14), the staggered Joints between the transport plates (15) and the indication of the lower area of the device (A) and the top of the device (B).
- Figure 3 schematically shows a section supervising themselves through the transport plates resulting areas for transportation of the material through the device with which staggered transport plates (2) respectively (2a) and the staggered joints between the transport plates (15).
- Figure 4 shows schematically in longitudinal vertical section a section of the device with lower transport plates (2), upper ones Transport plates (2a) and in the direction of the arrow continuous material (14), with a first moisture sensor (16) and the from this controlled upper heating element (17) and lower heating element (17a), a second Moisture sensor (18) and this controlled upper heating element (19) and lower Heating element (19a), a third moisture sensor (20), as well as the small adjustable Air gap with high heat transfer (21) and the large adjustable air gap with less Heat transfer (22).
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1
- Unterer Presstisch
- 2
- Untere Transportplatten
- 2a
- Obere Transportplatten
- 3
- Klemmvorrichtungen
- 4
- Transportketten-Stege
- 5
- Transportketten mit Laufrollen
- 6
- Transportketten-Laufschienen
- 7
- Untere Heizelemente
- 7a
- Obere Heizelemente
- 8
- Kanäle für ein Heizmedium
- 9
- Dämmung gegen Wärmeabstrahlung
- 10
- Dämmung gegen Wärmeübertragung
- 11
- Hydraulisch betätigte Einrichtung zur Luftspalt-Regelung
- 12
- Rückholfeder
- 13
- In der Höhe regelbare Luftspalt im unteren Vorrichtungs-Bereich
- 13a
- In der Höhe regelbarer Luftspalt im oberen Vorrichtungs-Bereich
- 14
- Werkstoff
- 15
- Versetzt angeordnete Fugen zwischen den Transportplatten
- 16
- Erster Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler
- 17
- Vom ersten Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler gesteuertes oberes Heizelement
- 17a
- Vom ersten Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler gesteuertes unteres Heizelement
- 18
- Zweiter Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler
- 19
- Vom zweiten Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler gesteuertes oberes Heizelement
- 19a
- Vom zweiten Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler gesteuertes unteres Heizelement
- 20
- Dritter Feuchtigkeits-Messfühler
- 21
- Kleiner Luftspalt mit hoher Wärmeübergabe
- 22
- Großer Luftspalt mit niedriger Wärmeübergabe
- A
- Unterer Bereich der Vorrichtung
- B
- Oberer Bereich der Vorrichtung
Claims (11)
- Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Trocknen eines flächigen, hygroskopischen Werkstoffes wie Holzfaserplatten, Holzspanplatten, Holzfurniere und dergleichen, sowie zu dessen kontinuierlicher Verpressung zu Schichtstoff-Werkstoffen wie Schichtstoffplatten, mehrschichtigen Holzschichtplatten, Furnierplatten, beschichteten Faserplatten und dergleichen unter Verwendung von Druck, Bindemittel und eventuell Wärme, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Feuchtigkeit des Werkstoffs vor und während seines Durchlaufs durch die Vorrichtung mehrfach kontinuierlich gemessen und durch eine örtlich, zeitlich und quantitativ geregelte Wärmeübergabe aus Heizelementen auf den Werkstoff gesteuert wird und dass die Regelung der Wärmeübergabemenge durch die Veränderung der Höhe eines Luftspalts zwischen Heizelement oder Heizelementen und der den Werkstoff führenden Transporteinheit praktisch trägheitslos erfolgt.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zur Regelung der Wärmeübergabemenge zwischen Heizelementen und Transporteinheit bestehende regelbare Luftspalt mindestens die Höhe besitzt, welche durch eine maximal erreichbare Genauigkeit der Bearbeitung gegeben ist, sodass die Wärmeübergabe zwischen Heizelementen und Transporteinheit immer reibungsfrei erfolgt.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Werkstoff führende Transporteinheit vorzugsweise aus einer Mehrzahl von kettengeführten Transportplatten mit den Druck aufnehmenden Laufrollen besteht.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Durchlaufrichtung des Werkstoffs und/oder quer zur Durchlaufrichtung des Werkstoffs vorzugsweise eine Mehrzahl von Heizelementen eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe des Luftspalts zwischen Heizelementen und Transporteinheit einzeln für jedes Heizelement oder gruppenweise für mehrere Heizelemente geregelt wird.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1, 2, 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizelemente auf ihren dem Luftspalt abgewandten Flächen eine Wärmedämmschicht erhalten.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Transporteinheit bildenden Transportplatten aus einem gering wärmespeichernden und stark wärmeleitenden Material und die Transportketten-Stege aus einem gering wärmeleitenden Material ausgeführt sind.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1, 3 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Verbindung der die Transporteinheit bildenden Transportplatten mit den Transportketten-Stegen Klemmvorrichtungen verwendet werden, welche die unterschiedlichen Materialdehnungen aufnehmen können.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1, 3 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Transportplatten-Stege eine schlanke Bauart angewendet wird, die durch eine verstärkte Wärmeabstrahlung die Wärmebelastung der den Druck aufnehmenden Laufrollen absenkt.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1, 3, 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorzugsweise die Transporteinheit bildenden Transportplatten auf den sie tragenden Transportketten dergestalt relativ zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind, dass sich sowohl bei nebeneinander laufenden als auch bei übereinander laufenden Transportplatten keine sich deckenden Trägerplatten-Querfugen und keine sich deckenden Trägerplatten-Längsfugen ergeben.
- Verfahren und Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1, 2, 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizelemente im Falle eines nicht beabsichtigten Stillstandes des Vorschubs der Transporteinheit zur Vermeidung der Überhitzung des Werkstoffs automatisch auf eine dafür ausreichend hohe Distanz von der Transporteinheit abrücken.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10056460 | 2000-11-13 | ||
DE2000156460 DE10056460C1 (de) | 2000-11-14 | 2000-11-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Verpressen flächiger Werkstoffe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1205288A2 true EP1205288A2 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
EP1205288A3 EP1205288A3 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=7663301
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01204283A Withdrawn EP1205288A3 (de) | 2000-11-13 | 2001-11-09 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Verpressen flächiger Werkstoffe |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1205288A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10056460C1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107642957A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-30 | 钦州学院 | 一种实时检测样品湿度的鼓风干燥箱 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2527433A1 (de) * | 1974-07-02 | 1976-01-22 | Martin Jean Marie Michel | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen trocknen und/oder verbinden von furnieren |
DE2853278A1 (de) * | 1977-12-22 | 1979-07-05 | Martin Jean Marie Michel | Vorrichtung zum trocknen und/oder verbinden von schael- oder schnittfurnieren |
DE3118563A1 (de) * | 1980-05-20 | 1982-07-01 | Jean-Marie Michel 75008 Paris Martin | Maschine zum kontinuierlichen trocknen und/oder verbinden von furnieren |
US4811496A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-03-14 | Meinan Machinery Works, Inc. | Method of correcting the track of an intermittently-running endless belt in a veneer dryer |
US4945652A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-08-07 | Forintek Canada Corporation | Controlled steam drying of veneer sheets |
EP0803692A2 (de) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-29 | Meinan Machinery Works, Inc. | Vorrichtung zur Heizung von Furnier |
-
2000
- 2000-11-14 DE DE2000156460 patent/DE10056460C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-09 EP EP01204283A patent/EP1205288A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2527433A1 (de) * | 1974-07-02 | 1976-01-22 | Martin Jean Marie Michel | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen trocknen und/oder verbinden von furnieren |
DE2853278A1 (de) * | 1977-12-22 | 1979-07-05 | Martin Jean Marie Michel | Vorrichtung zum trocknen und/oder verbinden von schael- oder schnittfurnieren |
DE3118563A1 (de) * | 1980-05-20 | 1982-07-01 | Jean-Marie Michel 75008 Paris Martin | Maschine zum kontinuierlichen trocknen und/oder verbinden von furnieren |
US4811496A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-03-14 | Meinan Machinery Works, Inc. | Method of correcting the track of an intermittently-running endless belt in a veneer dryer |
US4945652A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-08-07 | Forintek Canada Corporation | Controlled steam drying of veneer sheets |
EP0803692A2 (de) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-29 | Meinan Machinery Works, Inc. | Vorrichtung zur Heizung von Furnier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1205288A3 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
DE10056460C1 (de) | 2002-03-07 |
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