EP1205011A1 - Connecteur electrique enfichable - Google Patents

Connecteur electrique enfichable

Info

Publication number
EP1205011A1
EP1205011A1 EP00971231A EP00971231A EP1205011A1 EP 1205011 A1 EP1205011 A1 EP 1205011A1 EP 00971231 A EP00971231 A EP 00971231A EP 00971231 A EP00971231 A EP 00971231A EP 1205011 A1 EP1205011 A1 EP 1205011A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical connector
contact
contact elements
connector according
modules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00971231A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helge Schmidt
Reinhard Sander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Tyco Electronics Logistics AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics Logistics AG filed Critical Tyco Electronics Logistics AG
Publication of EP1205011A1 publication Critical patent/EP1205011A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/514—Bases; Cases composed as a modular blocks or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/26—Pin or blade contacts for sliding co-operation on one side only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/631—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only
    • H01R13/6315—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only allowing relative movement between coupling parts, e.g. floating connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1, i.e. an electrical connector with a variety of contact elements.
  • the electrical connectors that are used to connect LCD units to the device controlling them may be mentioned.
  • Electrical connectors with pressure contacts are usually used for this, the pressure contacts being realized by a very dense arrangement of conductive elastomer regions in a non-conductive elastomer.
  • the connections that can be made using such electrical connectors are relatively high-resistance and also require extremely clean conditions.
  • Miniature multi-pin connectors are known from WO 95/24748 and WO 96/08056.
  • connectors of this type are neither reliably manageable in manufacture nor in handling, and the same applies accordingly to the electrical connections that can be produced by such electrical connectors.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a multi-pole miniature plug connector which can be used to reliably produce high-quality electrical connections.
  • the electrical connector contains one or more connector modules, each of which comprises at least one contact carrier and a plurality of contact elements connected to the contact carrier and running along its surface.
  • the arrangement of the contact elements along the surface of a contact carrier means that they can be reliably arranged and held in predetermined positions without any problems. In addition, they must be able to withstand no or only minimal mechanical loads when they are brought into contact with other contact elements. Any mechanical loads that occur do not result in any change in the contact element position and no damage to the contact elements. This also applies in the event that the contact elements are mechanically weak. As a result, the contact elements can be made very small and / or arranged very close together.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of connector modules of the electrical connectors described in more detail below
  • FIG. 2 shows a front plan view of a connector plug containing a plurality of plug modules according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a frontal plan view of a connector coupling containing several coupling modules according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of the plug according to FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional view of the coupling according to FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 4C shows a cross-sectional view of an arrangement in which a plug according to FIG. 2 and a coupling according to FIG. 3 are plugged together
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the underside of a base of the plug according to FIG. 2 or the coupling according to FIG. 3, which can be mounted on a printed circuit board using BGA technology
  • 6 shows a plan view of the underside of a modified base of the plug according to FIG. 2 or of the coupling according to FIG. 3.
  • the electrical connectors described below are PCB connectors. However, it should be pointed out at this point that there is no restriction. The special features of the described electrical connectors can also be provided for electrical connectors used for other purposes.
  • an electrical connector designed as a plug and an electrical connector designed as a coupling must be plugged together in order to establish an electrical connection.
  • the plug comprises a multiplicity of identical plug modules arranged side by side and / or one above the other.
  • the plug and the coupling can also contain only a single module or several modules which are not identical.
  • a connector module and a coupling module are shown in perspective in FIG. 1.
  • the plug module is designated with the reference symbol SM, and the coupling module with the reference symbol KM.
  • the plug module SM can be plugged into the coupling module KM.
  • each connector module (each plug module and each coupling module) comprises 32 contact elements.
  • the number of contact elements can also be arbitrarily much larger or smaller. If several such plug modules SM are arranged one above the other and / or next to one another on a base, which is preferably common to all plug modules, and are surrounded by a common housing, the electrical plug considered in more detail here is obtained.
  • the front view of such an electrical connector is shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C show cross sections through the electrical connectors according to FIGS. 2 and 3. More specifically, FIG. 4A shows a cross section through the plug according to FIG. 2, FIG. 4B shows a cross section through the coupling according to FIG. 3, and the figure 4C the plug according to FIG. 2 and the coupling according to FIG. 3 in the plugged-together state.
  • the connector shown in FIG. 4A comprises a base 1 (already mentioned above), a housing 2 (also already mentioned above), and one or more connector modules SM, each connector module SM comprising a contact carrier 3 and a multiplicity of contact elements 4 consists.
  • a single contact carrier 3 is provided for each plug module SM; All contact elements of the respective plug modules are attached to this.
  • any number of contact carriers can be provided for each plug module SM.
  • the contact elements 4 are on the contact carrier carrying them 3 arranged in two opposing rows of contact elements. Although this is currently considered the optimal arrangement, there is no limitation to this.
  • the contact elements 4 are formed by relatively long and relatively narrow metal strips with the highest possible rigidity. In a region 41 lying relatively far to the rear, they have a (preferably multiply) curved or kinking (for example zigzag) course.
  • the contact elements 4 of the plug and / or the coupling furthermore have at least one, but preferably two or more curvatures or equivalent configurations of the contact elements in the front region (the area provided for contacting the contact elements of the coupling or the plug). In the example under consideration, it is the contact elements 4 of the plug that have the said curvatures; these curvatures are identified by reference numeral 42.
  • the bent or kinked region 41 of the contact elements 4 enables the parts of the contact elements lying on either side of this region to be movable relative to one another.
  • the electrical connector When the electrical connector is assembled as intended, it (the area 41) comes in a state between the base 1 and the contact carrier
  • the curvatures 42 form resilient contact points via which the contact elements 4 of the plug come into contact with the contact elements of the coupling. If, as in the example under consideration, several bulges or the like are provided per contact element, the contact elements in question can come into contact with the contact elements to be contacted at several points, ie they are multiple contact elements through which particularly good and reliable connections to other contact elements can be made have it made.
  • the contact elements 4 are each arranged to run along the surface of the contact carriers 3 carrying them and are held in their intended position on the respective contact carrier 3 by partially overmolding them with plastic.
  • the contact carriers 3 are formed by strips which, at the points at which the contact elements 4 are to come to rest, i.e. are provided on opposite longitudinal sides with groove-like recesses 31.
  • the contact elements 4 When the contact elements 4 are mounted on the contact carrier 3, the contact elements 4 are inserted into the groove-like recesses 31 and then fastened to the contact carrier by overmolding the rear end of the relevant contact carrier 3 and the contact element parts located there.
  • the contact elements 4 are then attached to the contact carrier 3 in such a way that their front end ends a little in front of the front end of the contact carrier 3 and that their rear end, including the region 41 which is bent or bent, projects beyond the rear end of the contact carrier 3.
  • the non-overmolded areas of the parts of the contact elements arranged in the groove-like recesses 31 of the contact carrier 3 are not fastened to the contact carrier 3 in the example under consideration.
  • the contact elements are designed and molded onto the contact carrier in such a way that the parts of the same which run through the groove-like recesses 31 and which are not extrusion-coated press resiliently against the bottom of the recess 31 through which they pass. In this way it is ensured that the contact elements - although they are only attached to the contact carriers at a single point in each case - cannot or at least cannot leave the groove-like recesses without further ado.
  • the contact elements By designing and assembling the contact elements as described, they can be reliably held in their intended position even if they are very small and / or weak, and / or even if they would be mechanically loaded.
  • the contact carrier 3 Due to the above-mentioned extrusion coating of the contact carrier 3, the latter is provided with a collar 32 at its rear end.
  • This collar can, as will be described in more detail later, be used for mounting the contact carrier (the plug modules containing the contact carrier) within the plug.
  • the plug module does not become larger than would be the case without such a connection.
  • contact carrier 3 is beveled at its front end (free of contact elements).
  • a contact carrier 3 and the contact elements arranged thereon as just described form a plug module SM of the type shown in FIG. 1.
  • Several of the plug modules SM constructed and producible as described above can be assembled with the already mentioned base 1 and the likewise already mentioned housing 2 to form a plug of the type shown in FIG.
  • the base 1 is a plate-like structure which is designed at the top for placing a plurality of plug modules SM and the housing 2, and which is at the bottom for soldering the rear ends of the contact elements 4 to the base 1 and for mounting the base 1 onto one in the Figures not shown circuit board is formed.
  • the base 1 has a plurality of holes provided in the base for pushing through the rear ends of the contact elements 4.
  • the top of the base base is also provided with the recesses which form the cavities 11 already mentioned in the fully assembled state of the plug.
  • the rear ends of the contact elements 4 are inserted through the holes provided in the base base and soldered to the bottom of the base base with this or with elements provided for connecting the base to the printed circuit board or in some other way electrically and / or mechanically connected.
  • the bent or kinked regions 41 of the contact elements 4 come to lie in the recesses of the base 1 forming the cavities 11 of the plug.
  • the housing 2 is a trough-like structure which has a base 21 and side walls 22.
  • the bottom 21 is provided with openings through which the front parts of the plug modules SM can be inserted.
  • the rear ends of the plug modules SM, which carry the collar 32, cannot pass through the openings in the housing base.
  • the parts of the plug modules which do not fit through the housing base openings come to lie between the housing 2 and the base 1, as shown by way of example in FIG. 4A.
  • the housing 2 will for example connected to the base 1 by an adhesive connection, a snap-in connection or another connection.
  • a coherent unit is formed from the base 1, the housing 2, and the connector modules SM.
  • the side walls 22 of the housing 2 run around the area of the plug containing the plug modules SM. They protrude beyond the front ends of the connector modules.
  • the front end of the side housing walls 22 is provided with a bevel 23 on the inside. This slope is used to center the connector housing and the connector housing when the connector and connector are plugged together.
  • the coupling with which the connector constructed and manufactured as described is to be connected is constructed differently in the example under consideration and is manufactured differently than the connector.
  • the coupling comprises a base 6, a housing 7, and a plurality of coupling modules KM, each coupling module KM consisting of a contact carrier 8 and a multiplicity of contact elements 9.
  • a single contact carrier 8 is provided for each coupling module KM; all contact elements 9 of the respective coupling modules are attached to this.
  • any number of contact carriers 8 can be provided per coupling module KM.
  • the contact elements 9 on the contact carrier 8 carrying them are in two mutually opposite rows of contact elements arranged. Although this is currently considered the optimal arrangement, there is no limitation to this.
  • the contact elements 9, like the contact elements 4 of the plug are each formed by relatively long and narrow metal strips with the highest possible rigidity. In a region 91 lying relatively far to the rear, they have a (preferably several times) curved or kinking (for example zigzag) course, but are otherwise straight.
  • the curved or kinked region 91 of the contact elements 9 makes it possible for the parts of the contact elements 9 lying on either side of this region 91 to be movable relative to one another. It (the area 91) comes to lie in the intended assembled state of the electrical connector in a cavity 61 of the electrical connector present between the base 6 and the contact carrier 8 and thereby enables the position of the contact elements 9, more precisely the position of the coupling modules containing them can also vary and / or be changed to a certain extent even in the assembled state of the coupling compared to the normal position as intended, both in the longitudinal direction and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the contact elements. This proves to be an advantage both in the manufacture of the electrical connector and in its use.
  • the contact elements 9 are each arranged running along the surface of the contact carriers 8 carrying them. In this case, however, the contact carrier 8 is attached to the previously arranged and aligned (in an injection mold inserted). The injection molding of the contact carrier 8 onto the contact elements 9 is a partial encapsulation of the same with plastic for the contact elements 9. As a result of this encapsulation, the contact elements are fastened to the contact carrier 8 formed by the encapsulation over the entire length of the part thereof running along the contact carrier 8.
  • the contact carriers 8 are sleeves with a rectangular cross section, which are provided on two mutually facing inner sides with a row of contact elements 9 each, and have a collar 82 running around the contact carrier 8 at their rear end.
  • the contact elements 9 are arranged on the contact carrier 8 in such a way that their front end ends a little in front of the front end of the contact carrier 8 and that their rear end, including the bent or bent region 81, projects beyond the rear end of the contact carrier 8.
  • the part of the contact elements that runs along the surface of the contact carrier 8 is connected to the contact carrier 8 over its entire length in the example considered.
  • the contact elements 9 can be reliably held in their intended position even if they are of very small and / or weak design and even if they would be mechanically stressed.
  • a contact carrier 8 and the contact elements 9 provided thereon as just described form a coupling module KM of the type shown in FIG. 1.
  • the contact carrier 8 is chamfered at its front end (free of contact elements) on the inner edge. This serves the
  • the base 6 is a plate-like structure which is designed at the top for placing a plurality of coupling modules KM and the housing 2, and which is at the bottom for soldering the rear ends of the contact elements 9 to the base 6 and for mounting the base 6 onto one in the Figures not shown circuit board is formed.
  • the base 6 has a multiplicity of holes provided in the base for pushing through the rear ends of the contact elements 9.
  • the top of the base base is also provided with the recesses which form the cavities 61 already mentioned in the fully assembled state of the coupling.
  • the rear ends of the contact elements 9 are inserted through the holes provided in the base base and soldered to the underside of the base base with this or with elements provided for connecting the base to the printed circuit board or in some other way electrically and / or mechanically connected.
  • the bent or kinked regions 91 of the contact elements 9 come to lie in the recesses of the base forming the cavities 61 of the coupling.
  • the housing 7 is a profile element which has a rectangular cross section, is open at the top and bottom and has an inner region divided by intermediate walls 72 running parallel to the outer walls 71.
  • a plurality of channels lying side by side and one above the other is defined by the outer and intermediate walls 71 and 72, each channel being able to accommodate a coupling module.
  • the coupling modules When placed on the base and the coupling modules, the coupling modules are individually encircled by the outer and side walls 71, 72 of the housing 7.
  • the outer and side walls 71 and 72 have projections 711 and 721 projecting into the channels, which come to rest just above the collar 82 of the coupling modules KM in the assembled state of the coupling;
  • the collars 82 of the coupling modules come to lie between the base 6 and the housing 7 in the assembled state of the coupling, as shown by way of example in FIG. 4B.
  • the housing 7 is connected to the base 6, for example, by an adhesive connection, a snap-in connection or another connection.
  • a coherent unit is formed from the base 6, the housing 7, and the coupling modules KM.
  • the clutch modules of the clutch are individually rotated by the walls 71 and 72 of the housing 7.
  • the housing parts surrounding the coupling modules protrude beyond the front ends of the coupling modules.
  • the front end of the outer walls 71 of the housing 7 are provided with a bevel 712 on the outer sides. This slope is used to center the connector housing and the connector housing when the connector and connector are plugged together.
  • the front ends of the housings 2 and 7 meet first, because at least one of the housings, but preferably both housings, protrude beyond the front ends of the plug and / or coupling modules. Due to the bevels 23 and 712 provided at the front ends of the housings, these are centered relative to one another and can thus be easily pushed over one another. In the example under consideration, the connector housing is pushed over the coupling housing. When the housings 2 and 7 meet, the connector modules and the coupling modules are still a little apart. The collision ben the housing 2 and 7 can thus - without causing any forces to act on the plug modules and the coupling modules - cause a pre-centering of the same.
  • this is additionally promoted by the fact that the plug modules and / or the coupling modules can be moved relative to one another and / or relative to the respective housings and / or bases.
  • plug modules are "only” attached to the plug in that a predetermined part of the plug modules (in the example considered the collar 32) is held more or less loosely between the base 1 and the housing 2 (see between the collar 32 and the these surrounding parts of the plug
  • Base 1 and the housing 2 are gaps that allow movements of the relevant plug module to a certain extent even in the assembled state of the plug), and
  • the contact elements 4 have a bent or kinked area (the area 41) which comes to rest in a cavity (the cavity 11) present between the base 1 and the housing 2 and thus also in a certain extent in the assembled state of the plug
  • the extent of relative movements of the contact element parts lying on both sides of region 41 is permitted.
  • the connector modules can move at least slightly relative to one another and / or relative to the other connector components.
  • the coupling modules are "only” attached to the coupling by holding a predetermined part of the coupling modules (in the example considered the collar 82) more or less loosely between the base 6 and the housing 7 (between the collar 82 and the surrounding parts of the base 6 and the housing 7 are gaps that allow movements of the coupling module in question to a certain extent even when the coupling is assembled), and
  • the contact elements 9 have a bent or kinked area (the area 91), which comes to rest in a cavity between the base 6 and the housing 7 (the cavity 61) and thus also in a certain extent in the assembled state of the coupling The extent of relative movements of the contact element parts lying on either side of this area 91 is permitted.
  • the clutch modules can also move at least slightly relative to one another and / or relative to the other clutch components.
  • the plug modules and the coupling modules can be optimally aligned with each other under all circumstances, which means that they are always automatic and without or at least without any significant mechanical stress of the modules and those containing them Connectors can be connected as intended. This is the case even if the components of the connectors and the couplings are not manufactured and / or assembled exactly according to the regulations and / or their position and / or their dimensions change (for example due to slight damage or temperature fluctuations).
  • each connector contact element 4 comes into contact with the associated coupling contact element 9 at several points. This enables the highest quality electrical connections to be made.
  • the coupling contact elements 9 come to lie in the groove-like recesses 31 of the plug modules during the connection to the plug contact elements 4;
  • the webs of the contact carriers 3 of the plug which are present between adjacent groove-like recesses 31, extend in the plugged-together state of the plug and coupling to the contact carrier 8 of the coupling and thus separate (isolate) adjacent pairs of contact elements from one another.
  • Adjacent contact elements of the plug and coupling modules cannot influence each other as a result. In particular, no leakage currents can flow.
  • Plugs and couplings constructed as described can be plugged together and disconnected essentially without risk of damage and, under all circumstances, excellent electrical connections can be made.
  • the connections are low-resistance, tolerate high voltages and high currents, and are relatively insensitive to changing or unfavorable environmental influences such as extreme and / or fluctuating temperatures, vibrations, moisture, dirt, etc.
  • the properties mentioned are independent of the size and the contact density of the electrical connectors constructed and manufactured as described.
  • the electrical connectors described can thus be made very small and / or with a high contact density with essentially the same excellent properties.
  • Dielectric strength of neighboring contacts 650 V for direct current 750 V for alternating current
  • the balls can be arranged directly at the points at which the contact element parts guided through the base reach the bottom of the base, or more or less far away therefrom.
  • the balls are arranged more or less far from the points at which the contact element parts guided through the base reach the base underside, the contact elements or the points at which they reach the base underside reach, and the balls are electrically connected to one another via conductor tracks or in some other way.
  • the points at which the contact elements reach the bottom of the base are identified by reference number 15, the balls by reference number 16, and the conductor tracks connecting points 15 by balls 16 by reference number 17.
  • the balls are arranged directly at the points at which the contact elements reach the underside of the base, these points are preferably positioned such that they (and the balls to be placed thereon) have certain minimum distances from one another.
  • the places where the contact elements reach the bottom of the base are then no longer arranged like the contact elements on the contact carriers in two opposite rows, but for example in two opposite double rows, each consisting of two (in the example under consideration by a half distance , which have adjacent row elements) offset from one another arranged single rows exist.
  • FIG. 6 The points at which the contact elements reach the bottom of the base are again identified by reference number 15, and the balls are again identified by reference number 16.
  • the balls 16 lie on locations 15, which, in contrast to the base according to FIG are more needed to connect them.
  • the measures mentioned can in both cases, that is to say when the balls are arranged directly at the points at which the contact element parts guided through the base reach the underside of the base, and also when the balls are more or less distant from these locations are arranged, under all circumstances (in particular regardless of the contact element density of the respective connector modules) to ensure that the balls are spaced as far apart as is necessary for the practical application of BGA technology.
  • leading or lagging contacts, double contacts and power contacts can also be implemented with plugs and couplings of the type described above.
  • Electrical connectors constructed as described can be designed as multi-pole miniature connectors, with which high-quality electrical connections can be reliably established.

Landscapes

  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un connecteur électrique enfichable qui se caractérise par le fait qu'il contient au moins un module de connexion comportant au moins un support de contacts et une pluralité d'éléments de contact reliés au support de contact et s'étendant le long de la surface de celui-ci. Un connecteur électrique de cette structure peut se présenter sous la forme d'un connecteur enfichable miniature à nombreux pôles, avec lequel on peut établir des connexions électriques d'un degré de fiabilité et de qualité élevé.
EP00971231A 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Connecteur electrique enfichable Withdrawn EP1205011A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939580A DE19939580C2 (de) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Elektrischer Steckverbinder
DE19939580 1999-08-20
PCT/DE2000/002842 WO2001015280A1 (fr) 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Connecteur electrique enfichable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1205011A1 true EP1205011A1 (fr) 2002-05-15

Family

ID=7919076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00971231A Withdrawn EP1205011A1 (fr) 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Connecteur electrique enfichable

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6846202B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1205011A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2388356A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19939580C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001015280A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001015280A1 (fr) 2001-03-01
US6846202B1 (en) 2005-01-25
DE19939580C2 (de) 2003-11-27
DE19939580A1 (de) 2001-04-19
CA2388356A1 (fr) 2001-03-01

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