EP1201775A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung zylindrischer Hohlkörper und Verwendung derselben - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung zylindrischer Hohlkörper und Verwendung derselben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1201775A1 EP1201775A1 EP01890291A EP01890291A EP1201775A1 EP 1201775 A1 EP1201775 A1 EP 1201775A1 EP 01890291 A EP01890291 A EP 01890291A EP 01890291 A EP01890291 A EP 01890291A EP 1201775 A1 EP1201775 A1 EP 1201775A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow bodies
- nitrogen
- block
- carbon
- chrome
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49336—Blade making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
- Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49689—Race making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49709—Specific metallic composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
- Y10T29/5199—Work on tubes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of cylindrical hollow bodies with a circular cross section using solid starting material made of corrosion-resistant martensitic chromium steels, in particular rings with high mechanical stress, at least of parts of the cylinder surface zones near the surface. Furthermore, the invention comprises the use of extruded tubes made of martensitic chrome steels.
- Ring-shaped machine and tool components e.g. Circular cutting blade, Rolling rings and the like
- High in each case Resilience through surface pressure, high wear resistance, good toughness and high shear strength of the material are independent of direction in Component required.
- Pipes as primary material for cylindrical hollow bodies or rings, which Cylinder surfaces and / or on the edges adjacent to them in all directions can withstand high mechanical loads can be produced using different processes be, the application of a certain manufacturing process of its Applicability for the material, the required product property and / or of whose economy depends.
- Highest material quality of high-alloy rings or hollow bodies, created from Pipes can be achieved when a block of cast or raw material passes through Forging or rolling with a reduction in the cross section through one All-round hot deformation essentially perpendicular to the axis of the same is formed and stretched in the longitudinal direction into a round rod, after which by unscrewing the center or drilling, especially deep hole drilling, a tubular rod is formed and the rings are separated therefrom.
- Hot forming is followed by intensive kneading of the material or the alloy, see above that an isotropic material can be created in its properties.
- hollow bodies created in this way have a special one Material quality, however, the manufacturing costs are high or the manufacturing elaborate and the chip waste large.
- DE-A-.19520833 discloses for example a process in which essentially a continuous casting material made of hypereutectoidal Cr steel with high purity, fine carbide deposits and high granularity is generated and that the insert length in the as-cast state and heated to forming temperature without heat treatment and one Pipe production plant, preferably fed with a punch press, wherein a stress state in the punching process in the individual length to be formed is built up, minimizing shear stresses has a high negative voltage mean.
- Both the state of tension when punching to prevent tearing of the material, so is the Setting a certain structural state, as from DE-C- 19734563 has become known are important for the quality of the rolling bearing rings.
- High-alloy temperable steels mostly have at forging temperature Material properties, which exclude punching and tube rolling. Especially when creating and widening the hole from Feed material through mandrels or similar tools form as a result of high Tension and shear cracks in the material, causing a manufacture of Pipes with a desired quality cannot be made.
- the invention is intended to remedy this and aims to provide a method for Specify production of hollow bodies of the type mentioned, by means of which with high economy a high product quality and Generation security can be achieved.
- the goal is achieved in a generic method in that in a remelting block is created in a first production stage and one from this Rohrluppe manufactured and in a second stage of completion Hot forming temperature by extrusion with a degree of deformation of deformed at least 6 times into a tube and this if necessary is further processed, after which in a third production stage from the hollow tube body be removed.
- a remelting block can be largely without segregation regarding the Block length and across its cross section. Furthermore, this block is due to the process, free of coarse and reducing its quality non-metallic Inclusions as well as centric imperfections and streaked a high Hot formability in all zones, with effectively large vertical components the direction of solidification characterizes the crystallization.
- the introduction of the axial bore in this is preferably done by cutting drilling.
- the outside diameter of the Pipe blanks can be made by appropriate manufacturing of the block or by Forging and machining of the same be created.
- a tube blank is opened Forming temperature brought and by extrusion to a seamless tube formed.
- extrusion is carried out during extrusion Material through an annular gap.
- the essential to the invention high-alloy temperable steels no cracking or a groove formation with the risk of crack initiation.
- the advantages according to the invention are particularly pronounced if the remelting block is formed from a corrosion-resistant, martensitic steel, which is in% by weight 12 up to 29 chrome (Cr) 0.02 up to 5.9 molybdenum (Mo) 0.05 up to 0.8 carbon (C) 0.05 up to 0.8 nitrogen (N) is alloyed with the proviso that the total value (C + N) 0.1 up to 1.4 carbon plus nitrogen. Due to the nitrogen content, a fine microstructure is achieved in the annealed material, resulting in an improved hot forming capacity. Furthermore, the content of carbon and nitrogen within the specified limits in steel suppresses a linear structure that forms during extrusion, which largely results in complete isotropy of the mechanical material properties in the compact.
- the remelting block is formed from a steel which is in% by weight 0.3 up to 3.0 manganese (Mn) 12.1 28.0 chrome (Cr) 0.25 up to 5.8 molybdenum (Mo) 0.01 3.0 nickel (Ni) 0.05 up to 2.0 vanadium (V) 0.15 up to 0.7 carbon (C) 0.15 0.7 nitrogen (N) is alloyed with the proviso that the total value (C + N) 0.31 to 1.1 carbon plus nitrogen (C + N), particularly high toughness values of the hardened and tempered material of the hollow body are achieved.
- the hollow body can be adapted to the desired dimensions, if in the second stage of production a further deformation of the extruded Rohres is carried out. This makes it possible to make necessary ones Cross-sectional dimensions of the pipe must be strictly observed and therefore small Machining losses and similar processing times in hollow body production to reach.
- tubes which are made of solid primary material made of corrosion-resistant, martensitic Chromium steels by forming one from one by extrusion Remelting block created pipe blank are made for the production of Hollow bodies with a circular cross-section with high mechanical stress of at least parts of the near-surface cylinder surface zones, in particular for Ball bearing rings and ring bodies of axial drives and ball spindles.
- Hollow bodies manufactured according to the above technology are not only unexpectedly high Material quality but it also becomes extremely economical this generation achieved because the central bore is already in the tubular Pre-material is available and both the processing time and the amount of chips are low are. It was surprising that pipes made of corrosion-resistant, martensitic chromium steels can be produced in such a way that from this a highly economical production of hollow bodies, which is a special one Goodness is possible.
- the corrosion-resistant, martensitic steel made of an alloy containing in% by weight 12 up to 24 chrome (Cr) 0.02 up to 5.9 molybdenum (Mo) 0.05 up to 0.8 carbon (C) 0.05 up to 0.8 nitrogen (N) 0.1 up to 1.4 carbon plus nitrogen (C + N) if necessary 0.3 up to 3.0 manganese (Mn) 0.01 up to 3.0 nickel (Ni) 0.05 up to 2.0 vanadium (V) is formed, compared to the production according to the prior art, a particularly high material output and significantly lower processing costs can be achieved.
- the economical production of the hollow body can be further increased if the pipes through a further or subsequent shaping treatment are dimensioned and / or calibrated. This makes it possible to have only minor Machining, if necessary by grinding the cylinder surfaces, must be provided. Surprisingly, it was also found that the work zone created with it apparently through a direct intervention effect of the deformation tools has particularly high quality.
- Round bars were made from a DESU material and from comparison steel manufactured with a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 2 m and as Feed material rated at 100%.
- the DESU round bar was divided into four parts by axially normal sawing, whereupon each drilling a hole with a diameter of 46 mm ⁇
- the tube blank was extruded after heating Forging temperature for tubes with an outside diameter of 69 mm ⁇ and an inner diameter of 45 mm pipingi, with 25.5 m of usable pipe material with a cross section close to the final dimension for hollow body production.
- the comparative steel rod (DIN material no. 1.4125) became one in the rolling mill Round rod with a diameter of 70 mm ⁇ rolled, resulting in 15 m usable round material resulted, which by deep hole drilling with a hole was machined with a diameter of 45 mm ⁇ .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Weiters umfaßt die Erfindung die Verwendung von Strangpreßrohren aus martensitischen Chromstählen.
12 | bis 29 Chrom (Cr) |
0,02 | bis 5,9 Molybdän (Mo) |
0,05 | bis 0,8 Kohlenstoff (C) |
0,05 | bis 0,8 Stickstoff (N) mit der Maßgabe legiert ist, daß der Summenwert ( C+N) |
0,1 | bis 1,4 Kohlenstoff plus Stickstoff beträgt. |
Weiters unterdrückt der Gehalt an Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff in den angegebenen Grenzen im Stahl eine beim Strangpressen sich bildende zeilige Struktur, was weitgehend vollkommene Isotropie der mechanischen Materialeigenschaften im Preßling bewirkt.
0,3 | bis 3,0 Mangan (Mn) |
12,1 | 28,0 Chrom (Cr) |
0,25 | bis 5,8 Molybdän (Mo) |
0,01 | 3.0 Nickel (Ni) |
0,05 | bis 2,0 Vanadin (V) |
0,15 | bis 0,7 Kohlenstoff (C) |
0,15 | 0,7 Stickstoff (N) |
0,31 bis 1,1 Kohlenstoff plus Stickstoff (C+N) beträgt, werden besondert hohe Zähigkeitswerte des gehärteten und angelassenen Werkstoffs des Hohlkörpers erreicht.
12 | bis 24 Chrom (Cr) |
0,02 | bis 5,9 Molybdän (Mo) |
0,05 | bis 0,8 Kohlenstoff (C) |
0,05 | bis 0,8 Stickstoff (N) |
0,1 | bis 1,4 Kohlenstoff plus Stickstoff (C+N) gegebenenfalls |
0,3 | bis 3,0 Mangan (Mn) |
0,01 | bis 3,0 Nickel (Ni) |
0,05 | bis 2,0 Vanadin (V) |
Ein Druck-Elektro-Schlacke-Umschmelzblock mit in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Konzentrationen der Legierungelemente wurde erstellt. Weiters sind in Tabelle 1 auch die Legierungsgehalte eines Vergleichsstahles angegeben.
C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | N | C+N | |
DESU-Werkstoff | 0,32 | 0,6 | 0,3 | 15,0 | 1,0 | 0,4 | 0,72 |
DIN-Werkstoff Nr.1.4125 | 1,05 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 17,0 | 0,5 | ---- | ---- |
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von zylindrischen Hohlkörpern mit kreisrundem Querschnitt unter Verwendung von massivem Vormaterial aus korrosionsbeständigen, martensitischen Chromstählen, insbesondere von Ringen mit hoher mechanischer Beanspruchung zumindest von Teilen der oberflächennahen Zylinderflächenzonen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer ersten Fertigungsstufe ein Umschmelzblock erstellt und aus diesem eine Rohrluppe gefertigt und in einer zweiten Fertigungsstufe diese bei Warmverformungstemperatur durch Strangpressen mit einem Umformgrad von mindestens 6-fach zu einem Rohrkörper verformt und dieser gegebenenfalls weiterbearbeitet wird, wonach in einer dritten Fertigungsstufe vom Rohr Hohlkörper abgenommen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschmelzblock aus einem korrosionsbeständigen, martensitischen Stahl gebildet wird, der in Gew.-% mit
12 bis 29 Chrom (Cr) 0,02 bis 5,9 Molybdän (Mo) 0,05 bis 0,8 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,05 bis 0,8 Stickstoff (N) - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschmelzblock aus einem Stahl gebildet ist, der in Gew.-% mit
0,3 bis 3,0 Mangan (Mn) 12,1 bis 28,0 Chrom (Cr) 0,25 bis 5,8 Molybdän (Mo) 0,01 bis 3,0 Nickel (Ni) 0,05 bis 2,0 Vanadin (V) 0,15 bis 0,7 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,15 bis 0,7 Stickstoff (n) - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschmelzblock als unter erhöhtem Druck Elektroschlacke Umschmelz Block (DESU-Block) erstellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohrluppe durch spanabhebendes Ausarbeiten einer zentrischen Bohrung aus einem massiven Vormaterial hergestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der zweiten Fertigungsstufe eine Weiterverformung des Rohres durchgeführt wird.
- Verwendung von Rohren , welche aus massivem Vormaterial aus korrosionsbeständigen,martensitischen Chromstählen durch Umformung mittels Strangpressens einer aus einem Umschmelzblock erstellten Rohrluppe hergestellt sind, zur Herstellung von Hohlkörpern mit kreisrundem Querschnitt mit hoher mechanischer Beanspruchung von zumindest Teilen der oberflächennahen Zylinderflächenzonen, insbesondere für Kugellagerringe und Ringkörper von Achsialtrieben und Kugelspindeln
- Verwendung von Hohlkörpern nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der korrosionsbeständige, martensitische Stahl aus einer Legierung enthaltend in Gew.-%
12 bis 24 Chrom (Cr) 0,02 bis 5,9 Molybdän Mo) 0,05 bis 0,8 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,05 bis 0,8 Stickstoff (N) 0,1 bis 1,4 Kohlenstoff plus Stickstoff (C+N) gegebenenfalls 0,3 bis 3,0 Mangan (Mn) 0,01 bis 3,0 Nickel (Ni) 0,05 bis 2,0 Vanadin (V) - Verwendung von Hohlkörpern nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Rohre durch Strangpressen einer Rohrluppe, welche eine durch spanende Bearbeitung erstellte Bohrung aufweist, bei Warmumformtemperatur hergestellt sind.
- Verwendung von Hohlkörpern nach Anspruch 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Rohre durch eine weitere bzw. nachfolgende formgebende Behandlung dimensioniert und/oder kalibriert sind.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01890291T ATE272127T1 (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung zylindrischer hohlkörper und verwendung derselben |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT18222000 | 2000-10-24 | ||
AT0182200A AT413195B (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2000-10-24 | Verfahren zur herstellung zylindrischer hohlkörper und verwendung derselben |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1201775A1 true EP1201775A1 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
EP1201775B1 EP1201775B1 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
Family
ID=3689047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01890291A Expired - Lifetime EP1201775B1 (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung zylindrischer Hohlkörper und Verwendung derselben |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7181847B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1201775B1 (de) |
AT (2) | AT413195B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2359294C (de) |
DE (1) | DE50102983D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2225463T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1717332A1 (de) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-02 | BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH | Kunststoffform |
Families Citing this family (6)
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SE525426C2 (sv) * | 2002-05-02 | 2005-02-15 | Skf Ab | Metod för tillverkning av ringar och en anordning för genomförande av metoden. |
DE102011109071A1 (de) * | 2011-07-30 | 2013-01-31 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Rohrschmiedeverfahren mit urgeformten Hohlblock |
WO2013085969A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | Trane International Inc. | Rolling element bearings for an oil-free liquid chiller |
BR112015017532B1 (pt) | 2013-01-25 | 2021-12-07 | Trane International Inc. | Rolamento híbrido em aço inoxidável nitretado sob pressão para um compressor lubrificado com refrigerante |
CN108213875A (zh) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-29 | 椿中岛机械(太仓)有限公司 | 高精度轴承钢球的制备方法 |
DE102020131031A1 (de) | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-25 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Martensitische Stahllegierung mit optimierter Härte und Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
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-
2000
- 2000-10-24 AT AT0182200A patent/AT413195B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001
- 2001-10-10 ES ES01890291T patent/ES2225463T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-10 DE DE50102983T patent/DE50102983D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-10 AT AT01890291T patent/ATE272127T1/de active
- 2001-10-10 EP EP01890291A patent/EP1201775B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-18 CA CA002359294A patent/CA2359294C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-24 US US09/983,497 patent/US7181847B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4421571A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-12-20 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Process for making high strength deep well casing and tubing having improved resistance to stress-corrosion cracking |
FR2566429A1 (fr) * | 1984-06-21 | 1985-12-27 | Toshiba Kk | Acier resistant a la chaleur cr-12 et piece de turbine formee a partir de ce dernier |
EP0511647A1 (de) * | 1991-04-30 | 1992-11-04 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Ferritischer, hitzebeständiger Stahl mit hohen Stickstoff- und Vanadingehalten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
EP0638658A1 (de) * | 1993-08-11 | 1995-02-15 | SOCIETE INDUSTRIELLE DE METALLURGIE AVANCEE S.I.M.A. Société Anonyme | Stickstoff enthaltendes martensitisches Stahl mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
WO1999007495A2 (de) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-02-18 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von wälzlagerringen aus stahl |
EP0937782A2 (de) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-08-25 | Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited | Martensitischer rostfreier Stahl mit Oxidschichten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1717332A1 (de) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-02 | BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH | Kunststoffform |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE272127T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
AT413195B (de) | 2005-12-15 |
US20020104213A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
ATA18222000A (de) | 2005-05-15 |
EP1201775B1 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
CA2359294C (en) | 2008-07-08 |
CA2359294A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
US7181847B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
DE50102983D1 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
ES2225463T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
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