EP1194972A1 - Brennstoffzellenanlage mit integrierter gasreinigung und verfarhen zur reinigung des reformergases - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellenanlage mit integrierter gasreinigung und verfarhen zur reinigung des reformergasesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1194972A1 EP1194972A1 EP00949145A EP00949145A EP1194972A1 EP 1194972 A1 EP1194972 A1 EP 1194972A1 EP 00949145 A EP00949145 A EP 00949145A EP 00949145 A EP00949145 A EP 00949145A EP 1194972 A1 EP1194972 A1 EP 1194972A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- gas
- reformer
- cleaning
- cell system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel line system with integrated gas cleaning and a method for cleaning the reformer gas from carbon monoxide.
- the fuel i.e. the reformer gas
- the fuel i.e. the reformer gas
- the reformer gas always contains a high proportion of CO gas from the reforming.
- This CO-containing reformer gas flows to the anode of the fuel cell and leads to catalyst poisoning there, especially at operating temperatures below 100 ° C.
- the CO in the reformer gas accumulates as it passes through the fuel cell stack because the hydrogen gas it contains is consumed and the amount of CO that is not consumed rises steadily relative to it.
- the content of carbon monoxide in the reformer gas must be kept low.
- Methods for purifying the reformer process gas are known in which the oxidation of the carbon monoxide in the reformer is carried out by increasing the oxygen partial pressure.
- no methods and / or devices are known for exhaust gas purification (emission protection) of a fuel cell system.
- a disadvantage of gas cleaning using increased oxygen supply is that in the case of mobile systems, such as fuel line systems for electrical traction, either an enlarged tank has to be carried or an increased compressor capacity has to be provided.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an apparatus and a method with which the reformer gas as process and / or as exhaust gas from a mobile or stationary fuel cell system is freed of CO without increased oxygen supply.
- the invention relates to a fuel line system with reformer and integrated gas cleaning.
- the invention also relates to a method for cleaning the reformer gas of a fuel cell system, in which the reformer gas is passed through at least one fuel cell in which CO is electrochemically oxidized to C0 2 .
- the invention relates to a method for gas purification of a fuel cell, in which the reformer gas of the fuel cell system is passed through an exhaust gas catalytic converter, such as is installed in a vehicle.
- the gas cleaning system is integrated in a fuel cell stack, which comprises at least one cleaning cell that cleans the reformer gas and one power generation cell that serves to generate electricity.
- an exhaust gas catalytic converter such as, for example, an auto exhaust gas catalytic converter, is connected upstream and / or downstream of the fuel cell stack as gas cleaning.
- the reformer gas is freed of the CO to such an extent that when the reformer gas flows onto the anode of a power generation cell, the proportion of CO in the reformer gas is below 100 ppm, preferably below 70 ppm and particularly preferably below 50 ppm.
- the plant comprises at least one device with which at least one cell of a fuel cell stacks can be operated both as a cleaning cell and as a power generation cell.
- This device comprises, for example, a current and / or voltage regulator, with the aid of which the voltage of the cell is regulated in such a way that it primarily converts the hydrogen to protons from the reformer gas flowing in at the anode and the other time mainly converts the CO to CO 2 .
- This current and voltage regulator is preferably connected via a control device to a gas probe, which determines the current CO partial pressure in the reformer gas line, so that one or more cells of a stack are operated as cleaning cells automatically and / or dynamically as required.
- the reformer gas is passed through an exhaust gas catalytic converter, such as an auto exhaust gas catalytic converter.
- cleaning using one or more cleaning cells can be combined with cleaning using the catalytic converter.
- a “power generation cell” comprises at least one membrane and / or matrix with a chemically and / or physically bound electrolyte, two electrodes which are located on opposite sides of the membrane and / or matrix and which generally have a fixed current collector such as, for example Carbon fabric and thereon include a catalyst paste such as a platinum / ruthenium alloy. Adjacent to each electrode is a reaction chamber, which is closed off from the surroundings by a pole plate and / or a corresponding edge construction, devices being provided through which reformer gas can be introduced into and removed from the reaction chamber.
- a “cleaning cell” is constructed like a power generation cell, with the difference that it is short-circuited, that is to say the anode builds up a positive potential, so that the CO encountered there is oxidized to CO 2 . It is entirely possible that a cell serves once as a cleaning cell and once as a power generation cell. On the other hand, it is an embodiment of the battery that a cell of a stack always serves as a cleaning cell.
- a fuel cell unit defined as a cleaning cell can, for example, have a different size than the adjacent power generation cells and / or it can have a different catalyst coating on the anode, such as a coating with tungsten carbide and / or one with platinum.
- a cleaning cell does not need a reaction space on the cathode, in particular no catalyst occupancy on the cathode, but the reaction space on the anode can be enlarged for this.
- the anode in a cleaning cell has a potential of greater than 0.4 V, preferably greater than 0.45 V and particularly preferably greater than 0.5 V.
- the conversion of the hydrogen that is contained in the reformer gas and that in a power generation cell at the anode is inhibited at these potentials, whereas the oxidation of CO to C0 2 takes place at this potential.
- the power generation and cleaning cells of a stack can be arranged in any order. As a rule, it will make sense to set up the first cell of a stack as a cleaning cell. For exhaust gas cleaning, the last cell of a stack will be constructed as a cleaning cell.
- a cleaning cell arranged in the middle of the stack can also be advantageous.
- the number and distribution of the cleaning and power generation cells is arbitrary. With a battery with several subsystems, a whole stack of cleaning cells is conceivable.
- HTM high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane
- the "reformer gas *" is the gas that leaves the reformer, regardless of whether it is fuel cell process or fuel cell exhaust gas.
- the reformer gas can be cleaned either before it enters the fuel cell stack (s) and / or after its implementation in the fuel cell stack.
- the reformer gas is accordingly both the gas that is fed to the stack and the fuel cell exhaust gas.
- the entire fuel cell system which comprises at least one stack with at least one fuel cell unit, and the corresponding process gas supply and discharge ducts, the end plates, the cooling system with cooling medium and the entire fuel cell stack periphery (reformer, compressor, blower , Heating for process gas preheating, etc.).
- a process gas channel can also include a ventilation channel for periodic cleaning of the stack by admitting and releasing and / or adding gas.
- a fuel cell unit comprises at least one membrane and / or matrix with a chemically and / or physically bound electrolyte, two electrodes that are located on opposite sides of the membrane and / or matrix, a reaction chamber adjacent to at least one electrode, which is closed off from the environment by a respective pole plate and / or a corresponding edge construction, devices being provided through which process gas can be introduced and removed into the reaction chamber.
- the stack consists of at least one fuel cell unit with the associated lines and at least part of the cooling system.
- an exhaust gas catalytic converter which can be heated, for example, is connected upstream and / or downstream of one or more fuel cell stacks of a fuel cell system and / or at least one fuel cell of a fuel cell stack is operated at least briefly as a cleaning cell, this cell being operated under at least reduced voltage , so that the conversion of hydrogen is inhibited and the electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide is promoted.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19930872 | 1999-07-05 | ||
| DE19930872A DE19930872A1 (de) | 1999-07-05 | 1999-07-05 | Brennstoffzellenanlage mit integrierter Gasreinigung und Verfahren zur Reinigung des Reformergases |
| PCT/DE2000/002173 WO2001003222A1 (de) | 1999-07-05 | 2000-07-04 | Brennstoffzellenanlage mit integrierter gasreinigung und verfahren zur reinigung des reformergases |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1194972A1 true EP1194972A1 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
Family
ID=7913647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00949145A Withdrawn EP1194972A1 (de) | 1999-07-05 | 2000-07-04 | Brennstoffzellenanlage mit integrierter gasreinigung und verfarhen zur reinigung des reformergases |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020122963A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1194972A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003504810A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2378239A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19930872A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001003222A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10054056A1 (de) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-08 | Siemens Ag | Brennstoffzellenanlage |
| ITMI20010459A1 (it) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-09-06 | Nuvera Fuel Cells Europ Srl | Metodi per il funzionamento di celle a combustibile alimentate con gas contenenti idrogeno monossido di carbonio e raltivi dispositivi |
| DE10126665A1 (de) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Ballard Power Systems | Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten eines Stoffstroms |
| FR2829296B1 (fr) | 2001-09-05 | 2005-05-27 | Renault | Dispositif et procede d'alimentation en hydrogene d'une pile a combustible et utilisation pour la traction electrique d'un vehicule |
| JP5122726B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-16 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 固体高分子形燃料電池方法、燃料電池システム及び記録媒体 |
| US8691455B2 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2014-04-08 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and method of operating the same |
| US7993787B2 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2011-08-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for fast and reliable fuel cell system start-ups |
| US8647784B2 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2014-02-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel cell stack start method preventing cathode deterioration |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3810113C2 (de) * | 1988-03-25 | 1994-12-01 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Bereitstellung der für den Betrieb von Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen notwendigen Gase |
| JP3333877B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-23 | 2002-10-15 | ビーエイイー システムズ マリン リミテッド | 動力発生システムへの燃料電池の適用 |
| US5432021A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1995-07-11 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for oxidizing carbon monoxide in the reactant stream of an electrochemical fuel cell |
| US5482680A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1996-01-09 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell assembly with integral selective oxidizer |
| JP3432892B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-08 | 2003-08-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 改質ガスのco除去方法 |
| DE19535288A1 (de) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-27 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zum Verstromen eines Brenngases |
| DE19615562C1 (de) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-10-09 | Zsw | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kombinierten Reinigung und Kompression von CO-haltigem Wasserstoff sowie Verwendung des mit dem Verfahren erhaltenen Wasserstoffs als Brenngas in Brennstoffzellen |
| JP3870455B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-27 | 2007-01-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 一酸化炭素濃度低減装置およびその方法並びに燃料電池発電装置 |
| US6033793A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2000-03-07 | Hydrogen Burner Technology, Inc. | Integrated power module |
| DE19707814C1 (de) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-08-20 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Brennstoffzellen-Energieerzeugungsanlage |
| DE19718970A1 (de) * | 1997-05-05 | 1998-11-12 | Zsw | Integraler PEM-Brennstoffzellen-Heizungsmodul und dessen Verwendung sowie PEM-Brennstoffzellenstapel |
| WO2000036679A1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fuel cell anode configuration for co tolerance |
| US6238817B1 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2001-05-29 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Gas injection system for treating a fuel cell stack assembly |
-
1999
- 1999-07-05 DE DE19930872A patent/DE19930872A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-07-04 EP EP00949145A patent/EP1194972A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-04 CA CA002378239A patent/CA2378239A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-04 JP JP2001508531A patent/JP2003504810A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-04 WO PCT/DE2000/002173 patent/WO2001003222A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-01-07 US US10/042,081 patent/US20020122963A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0103222A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003504810A (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
| DE19930872A1 (de) | 2001-01-18 |
| CA2378239A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
| US20020122963A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
| WO2001003222A1 (de) | 2001-01-11 |
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