EP1188222A1 - Magnetischer linearantrieb - Google Patents
Magnetischer linearantriebInfo
- Publication number
- EP1188222A1 EP1188222A1 EP00947808A EP00947808A EP1188222A1 EP 1188222 A1 EP1188222 A1 EP 1188222A1 EP 00947808 A EP00947808 A EP 00947808A EP 00947808 A EP00947808 A EP 00947808A EP 1188222 A1 EP1188222 A1 EP 1188222A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- active part
- magnetically active
- current
- armature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
- H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1816—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current making use of an energy accumulator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/26—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor
- H01H2003/268—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor using a linear motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
- H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magnetic linear drive, in particular for an electrical switch with a coil to which a current can be applied, in the interior of which a magnetic flux can be generated by the current in an axial direction.
- Such a magnetic linear drive is known for example from GB 10 68 610.
- the drive described there is a drive for a valve in which a liquid channel is blocked or opened by means of the movement of an armature.
- the armature has a permanent magnet there, the magnetic flux of which is oriented in the interior in the direction of movement of the armature and perpendicular to the axial direction.
- the armature moves against mechanical stops in such a way that one pole of the permanent magnet comes into contact with the stop and that the permanent magnet is held on the stop by the magnetic effect.
- the magnetic effect of the current must first overcome the holding force of the permanent magnet at the stop. This manifests itself in a delay in the armature acceleration.
- the armature is only pulled to the stop immediately before it reaches the stop when it moves toward an end position, since the air gap between the pole of the permanent magnet and the stop surface is only sufficiently reduced towards the end of the movement.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a magnetic linear drive of the type mentioned, which achieves an instantaneous acceleration of the armature with little design effort and little control effort.
- the magnetic linear drive is provided with an armature which can only be moved perpendicularly to the axial direction and which has a magnetically active part whose movement path passes through or on through an air gap within a core passing through the coil leads past an end face of the core, the magnetically active part being unmagnetized or magnetized in such a way that the magnetic flux within the magnetically active part runs parallel or parallel to the axial direction.
- a magnetically active part of an armature which is, for example, ferromagnetically unmagnetized or magnetized, in particular permanently magnetized in a direction antiparallel to the direction of the magnetic flux of the coil, is accelerated towards the inside of the coil.
- the magnetic linear drive can advantageously be used as a switch drive for an electrical switch, for example a high-voltage circuit breaker or a vacuum switch.
- the armature is in an end position of its movement path in such a way that when the coil current is switched on, the magnetic flux of the coil passes through the magnetically active part to a small extent, this leads to the armature being accelerated towards the center of the coil until a maximum part of the magnetic flux of the coil passes through the magnetically active part.
- the current flow through the coil is interrupted by means of a control device, so that the armature, due to its dynamic energy and the dynamic energy of the driven masses, continues to move beyond the coil without the magnetic flux of the coil through the Action on the magnetically active part can brake the armature.
- a desired acceleration profile of the armature can be achieved, for example, in that the air gap between the core and the path of movement of the magnetically active part is of different width along the path of movement. The smaller the air gap in a certain area along the movement path, the greater the force acting on the armature in this area.
- a drive rod of an electrical switch is connected to the armature and in turn drives a switch contact of an interrupter unit.
- Mechanical stops can be realized in the area of the shift rod or in the area of the linear drive itself.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the magnetically active part is magnetized and that in at least one end position of the magnetically active part it is at least partially arranged in the region of a yoke body arranged outside the coil in such a way that it moves out of the electrically active part into this entering magnetic flux at least in part directly through a boundary surface of the yoke body facing the magnetically active part.
- the boundary surface is advantageously oriented essentially perpendicular to the axial direction.
- the magnetically active part is magnetized, for example as an electromagnet, or is permanently magnetized, the magnetic flux of the magnetically active part tends to reduce an air gap to an adjacent yoke body as much as possible.
- At least one yoke body is arranged in the end region of the movement path of the armature, into which the magnetic flux of the magnetically active part can enter at least over part of the length of the magnetically active part.
- a force effect thus takes place on the armature, which tends to produce as large an overlap as possible between the magnetically active part and the yoke body in such a way that as much as possible the entire magnetic flux of the magnetically active part in the yoke body by means of one arranged as perpendicular as possible to the axial direction Boundary surface can occur.
- the force effect in the direction of the movement path of the armature is essentially independent of the extent to which the magnetically active part and the yoke body overlap.
- Such an arrangement can advantageously be implemented for both end positions of the magnetically active part or of the armature.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the coil with respect to the path of movement of the magnetically active part is opposite a second coil which can be acted upon by a current in the same direction as the first coil.
- a correspondingly larger magnetic flux can be generated by two coils combined in the manner shown, which leads to a greater potential acceleration of the armature.
- first and the second coil are offset from one another in the direction of movement of the armature. Such an offset of the coils in the direction of movement of the armature relative to one another enables a specific acceleration profile to be achieved along the movement path.
- each of the coils is used for one of the directions of movement of the armature.
- two yoke bodies are provided which lie opposite one another with respect to the movement path of the magnetically active part and which form air gaps between them which are at least partially penetrated by the movement path of the magnetically active part.
- a further yoke body which lies opposite the first yoke body with respect to the path of movement of the magnetically active part, closes the magnetic circuit both for the flow through the coil and for the flow of the magnetically active part in each of the end positions, so that a large force is exerted in each case is achieved both for the acceleration and for the holding force in the end positions.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a plurality of chargeable charging capacitors and, in some cases jointly or alternatively, connectable charging capacitors are provided in the control device.
- the different charging capacitors can be used for different switching cases (for example, different load cases of a circuit breaker to be driven) or differently for switching on and off.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating a magnetic linear drive, provided in the is that the coil for driving the armature in different
- a current of the same direction is applied to each direction.
- the armature Regardless of the end position of the armature or the magnetically active part, it is accelerated towards the inside of the coil when a magnetic flux is generated inside the coil. If the current through the coil is interrupted in time, the armature moves to the other end position. This considerably simplifies the control of the coil.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be designed in that the application of a current is ended before the magnetically active part has reached its end position.
- Another advantageous embodiment provides that the current flow through the coil is interrupted as soon as the supply voltage reverses its sign due to an electrical oscillation process.
- the coil represents an electrical inductance and an ohmic resistance and is normally fed by a capacitance, an electrical resonant circuit results in the control of the linear drive. This leads to the generation of an electrical oscillation, so that the supply voltage applied to the coil reverses its sign at some point.
- the supply voltage is advantageously monitored and the current flow through the coil is interrupted as soon as the supply voltage reverses its sign.
- the current flow is diverted to a charging capacitor as soon as the supply voltage reverses its sign due to an electrical oscillation process.
- a further advantageous embodiment of a method for operating a linear drive according to the invention provides that a current is first generated in the coil, the resulting magnetic flux in the coil of which is directed antiparallel to magnetization of the magnetically active part, provided that it is magnetized, and that after the magnetically active part has reached the location of the greatest magnetic field strength of the coil on its path of movement, the direction of current through the coil is reversed.
- the armature is first accelerated while being pulled towards the inside of the coil. After the magnetically active part has reached the location of the greatest magnetic field strength within the coil, it would be braked if the current continued to flow through the coil. If the direction of the current in the coil (s) is reversed at this point in time, the magnetically active part is pressed to areas of lower magnetic field strength, that is to say to the outside of the coil. As a result, the armature continues to act as a force, so that larger external loads can also be overcome. This effect occurs even without an initial magnetization of the magnetically active part due to the residual magnetization after passing through the first phase of the movement. For the reversal of the current direction, a suitable dimensioning of the charging capacitors of the coils is appropriate, the oscillation behavior with a suitable time constant in the oscillating circuit formed from the capacitor and the coil
- Consequence This automatically reverses the coil current at the appropriate time.
- An electronic control can also be provided for this.
- FIG. 2 shows a control circuit for the coil of the linear drive
- FIG. 3 shows schematically the energy supply for the linear drive.
- FIG. 1 shows a magnetic linear drive, with an armature 1, which consists of a rod 2 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a magnetically active part 3 made of a permanent magnetic material and to which a switching rod 4 is coupled at one end, which is only shown schematically and is connected to a drivable switch contact 5 of the interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker.
- the linear drive generates movements in the direction of the double arrow 6.
- the armature 1 moves in the air gap 7 between a first yoke body 8 and a second yoke body 9, which opposite each other in mirror image with respect to the path of movement of the armature 1.
- Each of the yoke bodies has an annular recess, into each of which a coil 10, 11 is introduced.
- the coils 10, 11 are each provided with electrical connections and a current can be applied to them by means of a control device.
- the current direction is, for example, such that the current runs into the drawing plane in the upper part of the coil 10 and the current emerges from the drawing plane in the lower part of the coil as through point 12 is illustrated.
- part 16 of the magnetic flux 13 of the coils 10, 11 already passes through an edge region of the magnetically active part 3 of the armature.
- the remaining part of the magnetic flux 13 of the coils 10, 11 must overcome the wide air gap between the cores 14, 15, which is not bridged by the GRP body of the armature 1. Accordingly, the magnetic flux has the tendency to accelerate the magnetically active part 3 in the illustration downward, so that the magnetic flux 13 of the coils 10, 11 passes through the magnetically active part 3 as long as possible and antiparallel to that in the The magnetic flux 17 prevailing inside the magnetically active part 3 runs.
- the current flow through the coils 10, 11 is interrupted in order to prevent the magnetic part from braking when it exits from the flow 13 of the coils 10, 11 .
- the armature continues to move due to the dynamic energy until a second end position 36 of the magnetically active part 3, shown in broken lines, is reached.
- the magnetic flux 17 within the magnetically active part 3 tends to enter and exit one of the yoke bodies 8, 9 via the smallest possible air gap.
- a part of the magnetic flux 17 inside the magnetically active part 3 can directly into the yoke body 8 enter through the boundary surface 35, the flow being closed via the second yoke body 9 with the interposition of the unavoidable air gaps, so that the magnetic flux can reenter the magnetically active part 3 from there.
- the magnetic force effect on the armature 1 is largely independent of the extent to which the magnetically active part 3 already overlaps the part of the yoke body 8 above the coil 10. Therefore, the holding force on the armature in the end position is largely independent of mechanical tolerances.
- both yoke bodies 8, 9 are profiled in the area of the cores 14, 15 along the movement path of the magnetically active part in such a way that the air gap between the armature 3 and the yoke bodies 8, 9 widens upwards . This means that the force acting on the magnetically active part 3 decreases during its upward movements. In this way, when the interrupter unit is switched off at the beginning of the movement, a high loading acceleration and towards the end a weakening
- FIG. 2 shows a control circuit with a charging capacitor 19 which can be connected to the coil 22 within the magnetic linear drive via a first IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) 20 and a second IGBT 21. With 23 the ohmic resistance of the coil 22 and its supply lines is symbolically designated.
- IGBT insulated-gate bipolar transistor
- the capacitor 19 discharges, the voltage at the coil 22 drops and a counter voltage is induced there, which tends to maintain the current strength of the current 24.
- the counter voltage on the coil 22 is opposite to the supply voltage, so that there is a voltage zero crossing.
- the IGBTs 21, 22 are switched off, ie they block the current. The induced by the voltage inside the coil 22
- FIG. 3 shows schematically the energy supply of a linear drive via three different control units 31, 32, 33, each of which has its own charging capacitor, the charging capacitors being able to have different capacities. As a result, a different amount of energy in the form of electrical field energy stored in the charging capacitors is made available for different switching cases.
- the different controls 31, 32, 33 can also be used for quickly switching off-on-off circuits
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Linear Motors (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19929572A DE19929572A1 (de) | 1999-06-22 | 1999-06-22 | Magnetischer Linearantrieb |
DE19929572 | 1999-06-22 | ||
PCT/DE2000/001981 WO2000079672A1 (de) | 1999-06-22 | 2000-06-20 | Magnetischer linearantrieb |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1188222A1 true EP1188222A1 (de) | 2002-03-20 |
EP1188222B1 EP1188222B1 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
Family
ID=7912818
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00947808A Expired - Lifetime EP1188222B1 (de) | 1999-06-22 | 2000-06-20 | Magnetischer linearantrieb |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6888269B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1188222B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1242534C (de) |
AU (1) | AU6148600A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19929572A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000079672A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6497676B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2002-12-24 | Baxter International | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling peritoneal dialysis therapy |
DE10132553A1 (de) | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-23 | Siemens Ag | Elektrodynamischer Linearantrieb |
US7175606B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2007-02-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Disposable medical fluid unit having rigid frame |
US7153286B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2006-12-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis system |
US7238164B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2007-07-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems, methods and apparatuses for pumping cassette-based therapies |
DE10309697B3 (de) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-02 | Siemens Ag | Magnetischer Linearantrieb |
EP1680155B2 (de) | 2003-10-28 | 2015-11-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysemaschine mit verbesserter Integritätsprüfung |
GB0411802D0 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2004-06-30 | Electro Magnetic Rams Ltd | Switchgear system |
EP1975960A1 (de) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | Abb Research Ltd. | Bistabiler magnetischer Betätiger, elektronischer Steuerkreis und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betätigers. |
DE102007030391A1 (de) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-02 | Siemens Ag | Herstellungsverfahren für einen Stößel und derartiger Stößel |
FR2934923B1 (fr) * | 2008-08-11 | 2013-05-31 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Actionneur electromagnetique hybride a bobine fixe |
GB2467363A (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-04 | Imra Europ S A S Uk Res Ct | A linear actuator |
FR2943170B1 (fr) * | 2009-03-10 | 2013-03-22 | Areva T & D Sa | Circuit actionneur magnetique |
EP2367189B1 (de) * | 2010-03-18 | 2013-09-04 | ABB Technology AG | Unité de commutation et procédé apparenté |
CN104205280A (zh) * | 2012-04-06 | 2014-12-10 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 气体断路器 |
CN104247184B (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2016-07-06 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 开闭装置 |
DE102013201084A1 (de) | 2013-01-24 | 2014-07-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrische Maschine |
CN103178685B (zh) * | 2013-03-04 | 2015-08-05 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | 用于天文望远镜镜面主动支撑的电磁式力促动器 |
CN105374584B (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-09-05 | 福州大学 | 可快速动作、有效缓冲、稳定保持或具磁悬浮效应的装置 |
CN105513844B (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-04-13 | 福州大学 | 基于故障电流能量与变化率的快速电磁拉力机构及其应用 |
US11179516B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2021-11-23 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for incorporating patient pressure into medical fluid delivery |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7432801U (de) * | 1975-03-27 | Siemens Ag | Elektromagnet mit Linearantrieb des Ankers | |
GB829782A (en) * | 1956-03-23 | 1960-03-09 | Chausson Usines Sa | An electro-magnetically driven oscillating movement compressor |
US3203447A (en) * | 1963-10-09 | 1965-08-31 | Skinner Prec Ind Inc | Magnetically operated valve |
US3379214A (en) | 1965-01-15 | 1968-04-23 | Skinner Prec Ind Inc | Permanent magnet valve assembly |
DE3376912D1 (en) * | 1983-06-01 | 1988-07-07 | Ibm Deutschland | Electromagnetic driving element |
US4817494A (en) * | 1987-04-06 | 1989-04-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Magnetic reconnection launcher |
DE3942542A1 (de) | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-27 | Lungu Cornelius | Bistabiler magnetantrieb mit permanentmagnetischem hubanker |
JP3121948B2 (ja) | 1993-03-18 | 2001-01-09 | 河西工業株式会社 | クリップ取付座 |
GB9409988D0 (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1994-07-06 | Huntleigh Technology Plc | Linear magnetic actuator |
US5729067A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1998-03-17 | Eaton Corporation | Method and apparatus for closed loop position control in a linear motor system |
NL1006087C2 (nl) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-11-23 | Bogey Venlo B V | Actuatormechanisme. |
-
1999
- 1999-06-22 DE DE19929572A patent/DE19929572A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-06-20 US US10/018,845 patent/US6888269B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-20 EP EP00947808A patent/EP1188222B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-20 CN CNB008092826A patent/CN1242534C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-20 WO PCT/DE2000/001981 patent/WO2000079672A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-20 AU AU61486/00A patent/AU6148600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-20 DE DE50001984T patent/DE50001984D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0079672A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19929572A1 (de) | 2001-01-04 |
US6888269B1 (en) | 2005-05-03 |
CN1242534C (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
AU6148600A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
DE50001984D1 (de) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1188222B1 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
CN1357166A (zh) | 2002-07-03 |
WO2000079672A1 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
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