EP1179042B1 - Procede de production d'une pastille a plusieurs couches - Google Patents
Procede de production d'une pastille a plusieurs couches Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1179042B1 EP1179042B1 EP00929538A EP00929538A EP1179042B1 EP 1179042 B1 EP1179042 B1 EP 1179042B1 EP 00929538 A EP00929538 A EP 00929538A EP 00929538 A EP00929538 A EP 00929538A EP 1179042 B1 EP1179042 B1 EP 1179042B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tablet
- layer
- hollow
- filled
- introducing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0078—Multilayered tablets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/08—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable
- B30B11/085—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable for multi-layer articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
- B30B15/065—Press rams
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a tablet. especially a detergent tablet, with at least a first and a second layer, and one after producible product.
- Two-layer tablets with different ones, are also increasingly to be found Distribution of ingredients in the two layers is present, on the one hand separate incompatible ingredients from each other until the tablet is used, on the other hand to realize different release profiles of ingredients.
- the problem with tablets with at least two layers is that the compound between the individual layers must be sufficiently stable to dissolve the layers prevent each other during storage and transportation of the multilayer tablets.
- the development and manufacture of stable multilayer tablets is therefore time and cost consuming and sensitive to the change of internal and external parameters in the process.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of developing the known method in that that the production of more stable multilayer tablets is made possible. at them to a much lesser extent a solution of the individual layers from one another occurs.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a tablet. especially a detergent tablet, with at least a first and a second layer comprising the following steps a) introducing a first measured amount of a first particulate Composition in a mold cavity of a tablet press; b) pressing the first measured quantity with a first pressing pressure by means of a press ram that is on its Pressing surface has at least one protrusion to produce a first pressed layer, in its upper surface one corresponding to the protrusion (s) on the press ram Has recess (s); c) introducing a second measured quantity of one second particulate composition onto the first pressed layer in the mold cavity the tablet press; and d) pressing the second measured quantity with a second Press pressure by means of the press ram to form a second pressed layer with a corresponding one To produce recess (es) in their upper surface, as well as product that can be produced thereafter.
- steps (c) and (d) are repeated in each case.
- the invention further relates to a multilayer Tablet, in particular a detergent tablet, that using the by the invention proposed method can be produced.
- one tablet with at least one first pressed Layer and a second arranged above pressed layer provided, thereby characterized in that the first layer in the area the second layer is attached, a recess having, the second layer one to the Depression has complementary protrusion, which in the recess engages, the top of the second layer is complementary to the protrusion Includes deepening.
- the lower layer 10 of the method Tablet 1 prepared in that a first measured amount of a first particulate Composition in a mold Given tablet press and there with a first Press pressure is pressed by means of a ram, which has a bulge on its pressing surface, which too thereby in the uppermost surface 11 of the lower Layer 10 of tablet 1 produced depression 12 is essentially complementary.
- a second is pressed onto the first pressed layer 10 measured amount of a second particulate Composition (which is usually from the first particulate composition is different) in given the shape of the tablet press and with a second pressure (usually higher than the first pressure is) by means of the press die second layer of tablet 20 pressed. Consequently, be the two tablet layers 10 and 20 not only against each other along the horizontal boundary layer pressed, but especially in the ...
- the molded body 30 has the embodiment shown a core 31 and an additional protective sheath 32. around him e.g. Protect during storage and release of ingredients during use to control the core 31.
- compositions of the tablet or shaped body can vary widely depending on the use Vary scope. Different possibilities in the preferred area of application are in the following examples.
- compositions of the tablets in Examples 1 to 7 represent dishwashing detergent compositions the depressions in the tablets of Examples 2 to 7 are filled with various shaped bodies in the top of the top layer.
- example 8 describes a detergent tablet and a detergent tablet.
- the following table relates to the composition of the two layers of a two-layer dishwasher tablet (weight ratio approx. 50:50), layer 1 being the first (lower) layer, which is only slightly compressed in step (b) (without actual compression), but this is sufficient to form a smooth surface with the corresponding recess in the top.
- the final tablet is pressed at a pressure of approximately 100 kN / cm 2 .
- Examples 2 to 7 also relate to two-layer dishwasher tablets, the composition on individual layers of the tablet compared to those of Example 1 are only slightly changed (if at all).
- the individual examples concrete examples of use of various moldings are described for illustration.
- the in the resulting in the process according to the invention in the Top of the top (second) layer can be used and can be fixed with glue, for example.
- the actual manufacturing process of the tablet, especially those described in Example 1 Press pressures remain unchanged.
- the protease contained therein becomes Released faster than that contained in the tablet and may already have its effect unfold directly at the beginning of the main wash cycle.
- fresh enzymes protease and amylase
- composition of the tablet essentially corresponds to that of Examples 1 and 2, with the difference that protease or amylase which is stable in hot water is used in layer 2 of the tablet.
- composition of the shaped body corresponds to that of the shaped body from Example 2.
- the Shaped body sets cold water-active protease and amylase at the beginning of the main wash cycle free. By dissolving the tablet during the warm-up process, it becomes bleach-stable enzymes stable in hot water are released into the rinsing solution.
- This embodiment enables a time-delayed dissolution of in solution with bleaching agents incompatible enzymes possible.
- the following table shows an exemplary formulation for a two-layer washing intensifier tablet.
- the weight of the first (lower) layer is approximately 74% of the total tablet. while the second (upper) layer makes up about 26%.
- the following table shows an exemplary formulation for a detergent tablet, in which case the two layers are in a weight ratio of 70 (lower (1st) layer) to 30 (upper (2nd) layer).
- the manufacturing process is as follows:
- a mixture of 1.05 g of amidosulfonic acid and 0.45 maleic acid is formed in a rotary press under a pressure of 890 kg / cm 2 to give a shaped body.
- 0.1975 g of fragrance is absorbed onto 0.0525 g of finely divided silica to give a free-flowing granular material.
- the resulting 0.25 g is mixed with 0.6 g of microcrystalline cellulose and 0.15 g of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the mixture is tableted in a round press with an inner diameter of 10 mm under a pressure of 2900 kg / cm 2 to give an elliptical shaped body with a height of 13.1 mm and a weight of approx. 1 g.
- such Shaped bodies can be produced as follows:
- chlorine bleach e.g. pure sodium dichloroisocyanurate.
- a suitable press under a pressure of 5,600 kg / cm 2 .
- the shaped body comprises several substances in the rinse cycle a washing machine should have their respective effects.
- Act in the specific case it is the combination of a fabric softener. a means of reducing the Build-up of static electricity in the tissue and a means to improve the renewed Moisture absorption through the fabric.
- a slurry of 58% urea, 18% dimethyldistearylammonium chloride (DMDSAC) (90%), 8% of a C 9-11 alcohol, ethoxylated with 9 moles of ethylene oxide, and 16% water was prepared.
- the slurry was spray dried to obtain a granular material with a density of 580 g / l and the following composition: 68.8% by weight urea, 19.2% by weight DMDSAC, 9.5% by weight not -ionic surfactant and 2.5% by weight water.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Claims (20)
- Procédé destiné à la fabrication d'une pastille, notamment d'une pastille de détergent, comportant au moins une première couche et une deuxième couche, caractérisé par les phases ci-après :a) introduction d'une première quantité dosée d'une première composition à l'état de particules dans un renfoncement de moule d'une presse pour pastilles ;b) pressage de la première quantité dosée avec une première pression de pressage au moyen d'une estampe de pressage, qui comporte sur sa surface de pressage au moins une pré-convexité afin de réaliser une première couche pressée dont la face supérieure présente un (des) renfoncement(s) correspondant à la (aux) pré-convexité(s) de l'estampe de pressage ;c) introduction d'une deuxième quantité dosée d'une deuxième composition à l'état de particules sur la première couche pressée dans le renfoncement du moule de la presse pour pastilles ; etd) pressage de la deuxième quantité dosée avec une deuxième pression de pressage au moyen de l'estampe de pressage afin de réaliser une deuxième couche pressée avec un (des) renfoncement(s) correspondant(s) dans sa face supérieure.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les phases (c) et (d) sont répétées pour la réalisation d'une troisième couche et, le cas échéant, d'autres couches.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le (les) renfoncement(s) dans la couche supérieure de la pastille est (sont) comblé (s) .
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le(s) renfoncement(s) dans la couche supérieure de la pastille est (sont) comblé(s) par le remplissage avec une composition durcissante susceptible d'être coulée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le (s) renfoncement (s) est (sont) comblé (s) par l'insertion et le pressage consécutif d'une composition à l'état de particules.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le(s) renfoncement(s) est (sont) comblé(s) par l'insertion d'un ou de plusieurs corps moulés.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que, après l'insertion dans le(s) renfoncement(s), le(s) corps moulé(s) dépasse(nt) de la face supérieure de la pastille.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le(s) corps moulé(s) est (sont) fixé(s) dans le (s) renfoncement (s) avec une substance qui, pendant le transport, établit une liaison sûre entre la pastille et le corps moulé.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le(s) corps moulé(s) est (sont) fixé(s) dans le(s) renfoncement(s) avec une colle.
- Pastille multicouche, notamment pastille de détergent, fabriquée selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
- Pastille (1) comportant au moins une première couche pressée (10) et une deuxième couche pressée (20) disposée au-dessus, caractérisée en ce que la première couche (10) comporte un renfoncement (12) dans la surface (11) sur laquelle est fixée la deuxième couche (20), la deuxième couche (20) présentant une pré-convexité (22) complémentaire au renfoncement (12), qui s'engage dans le renfoncement (12), la face supérieure (23) de la deuxième couche (20) comportant un renfoncement (24) qui est complémentaire à la pré-convexité (22).
- Pastille selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle une troisième couche et, facultativement, d'autres couches, sont disposées au-dessus de la deuxième couche (20).
- Pastille selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans laquelle le (s) renfoncement (s) (24) dans la couche la plus élevée (20) de la pastille est (sont) comblé(s).
- Pastille selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle le(s) renfoncement(s) (24) dans la couche la plus élevée (20) de la pastille est (sont) comblé(s) par le remplissage avec une composition durcissante susceptible d'être coulée.
- Pastille selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle le(s) renfoncement(s) (24) est (sont) comblé(s) par l'insertion, et le pressage consécutif, d'une composition à l'état de particules.
- Pastille selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle le(s) renfoncement(s) (24) est (sont) comblé(s) par l'insertion d'un ou de plusieurs corps moulés (30).
- Pastille selon la revendication 16, dans laquelle le(s) corps moulé(s) (30) dépasse (nt) de la face supérieure (23) de la couche supérieure (20).
- Pastille selon la revendication 16 ou 17, dans laquelle le(s) corps moulé(s) (30) est (sont) fixé(s) dans le(s) renfoncement(s) (24) avec une substance qui, pendant le transport, établit une liaison sûre entre la pastille (1) et le (les) corps moulé (s) (30).
- Pastille selon la revendication 18, dans laquelle le corps moulé (30) est fixé dans le(s) renfoncement(s) (24) avec une colle.
- Pastille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 19, dans laquelle il s'agit d'une pastille de détergent.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19922578 | 1999-05-17 | ||
DE19922578A DE19922578C2 (de) | 1999-05-17 | 1999-05-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Tablette, insbesondere Reinigungsmitteltablette, sowie danach herstellbares Produkt |
PCT/EP2000/004478 WO2000070008A1 (fr) | 1999-05-17 | 2000-05-17 | Procede de production d'une pastille de detergent a plusieurs couches |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1179042A1 EP1179042A1 (fr) | 2002-02-13 |
EP1179042B1 true EP1179042B1 (fr) | 2003-12-10 |
Family
ID=7908277
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00929538A Revoked EP1179042B1 (fr) | 1999-05-17 | 2000-05-17 | Procede de production d'une pastille a plusieurs couches |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6809073B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1179042B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE256174T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU768494B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2372193C (fr) |
DE (2) | DE19922578C2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2211543T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000070008A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2089501A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-08-19 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Corps moulé d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage |
EP2097503A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-09-09 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Corps moulé d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19963569B4 (de) | 1999-12-29 | 2006-11-16 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung in einer Geschirrspülmaschine |
GB0003592D0 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2000-04-05 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent tablet |
GB0015350D0 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2000-08-16 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Improvements in or relating to compositions |
EP1319058B1 (fr) * | 2000-09-20 | 2006-02-01 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc. | Ameliorations apportees a des pastilles contenant une enzyme |
DE10108153A1 (de) | 2000-09-28 | 2002-10-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Muldentabletten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE10061421A1 (de) * | 2000-12-09 | 2002-06-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung geklebter Formkörper |
DE10111780B8 (de) * | 2001-03-13 | 2005-02-10 | Isaak Dr. Abramov | Brausetablette, Pille oder Dragee, sowie das Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
GB2382342A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-05-28 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Water-softening tablet |
DE10221559B4 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2009-04-30 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Aktivphase |
US20050148488A1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2005-07-07 | Maren Jekel | Detergent tablets with active phase |
DE10336796B4 (de) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-05-19 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE10352961A1 (de) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Stoßbelastungsresistente Tablette |
GB2415200A (en) | 2004-06-19 | 2005-12-21 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Process for producing a detergent tablet |
DE102004051557A1 (de) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteldosiereinheit |
GB2419838A (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2006-05-10 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Making a tablet of three layers |
GB0616439D0 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2006-09-27 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Detergent composition |
GB0616444D0 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2006-09-27 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Detergent composition |
DE102007032892B4 (de) * | 2007-07-14 | 2009-12-24 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tundishmasse sowie ein Verfahren zur Erstellung einer erdfeuchten Tundishmasse |
US20090032063A1 (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-05 | Haas Geoffrey R | Solid cleaning composition and method of use |
PL2053120T3 (pl) | 2007-10-26 | 2017-04-28 | Dalli-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kształtka środka piorącego lub czyszczącego o strukturze reliefowej, dającej się barwić |
ITMI20100789A1 (it) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-06 | Ica Spa | Compressa polifunzionale per tessuti e relativo processo di fabbricazione |
WO2011151192A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-08 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Produits à vaisselle compactés |
WO2011151190A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-08 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Produits à vaisselle compactés |
DE102010051226A1 (de) | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-31 | Dental Care Innovation Gmbh | Ausspültablete mit abrasiven Bestandteilen |
WO2012118180A1 (fr) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-07 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Comprimé stratifié et son procédé de fabrication |
FR3021666B1 (fr) | 2014-05-28 | 2017-12-08 | Eurotab | Tablette multicouches a cavite, dispositif et procede de compaction d'une telle tablette |
US20160145542A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-26 | Milliken & Company | Cleaning Composition |
AU2018214552B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2021-12-23 | Water Pik, Inc. | Tablet comprising abrasive for dental cleaning |
US20220251485A1 (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-11 | Urnex Brands, Llc | Dual function milk, milkstone cleaning tablet |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0979866A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Comprimé détergent |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7802414A (nl) | 1978-03-04 | 1979-09-06 | Stamicarbon | Bindmiddelen voor lakken op polyurethaanbasis. |
CA1182371A (fr) * | 1980-12-18 | 1985-02-12 | Jeyes Group Limited | Pain sanitaire pour reservoir de chasse |
DE3541146A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Mehrschichtige reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen |
GB9711829D0 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1997-08-06 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
GB2327949A (en) * | 1997-08-02 | 1999-02-10 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent tablet |
US6274538B1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2001-08-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
DE29823506U1 (de) * | 1998-05-25 | 1999-06-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Mulde |
IES990573A2 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-03-08 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent tablet |
ES2168835T3 (es) * | 1998-07-17 | 2002-06-16 | Procter & Gamble | Metodo para preparar comprimidos detergentes. |
DE29911486U1 (de) * | 1998-07-17 | 1999-11-18 | Procter & Gamble | Reinigungsmitteltablette |
GB9901688D0 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 1999-03-17 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
-
1999
- 1999-05-17 DE DE19922578A patent/DE19922578C2/de not_active Revoked
-
2000
- 2000-05-17 WO PCT/EP2000/004478 patent/WO2000070008A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-17 ES ES00929538T patent/ES2211543T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-17 AT AT00929538T patent/ATE256174T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-17 EP EP00929538A patent/EP1179042B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 2000-05-17 DE DE50004732T patent/DE50004732D1/de not_active Revoked
- 2000-05-17 CA CA002372193A patent/CA2372193C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-17 AU AU47579/00A patent/AU768494B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-11-15 US US10/000,641 patent/US6809073B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0979866A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Comprimé détergent |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2089501A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-08-19 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Corps moulé d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage |
EP2097503A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-09-09 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Corps moulé d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020147125A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
EP1179042A1 (fr) | 2002-02-13 |
DE19922578A1 (de) | 2000-11-23 |
AU768494B2 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
WO2000070008A1 (fr) | 2000-11-23 |
DE50004732D1 (de) | 2004-01-22 |
US6809073B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
CA2372193C (fr) | 2008-07-29 |
CA2372193A1 (fr) | 2000-11-23 |
ATE256174T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
DE19922578C2 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
ES2211543T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
AU4757900A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
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