EP1167908B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum nicht-thermischen Trocknen von mit einem Wasserbasislack frisch lackierten Gegenständen, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum nicht-thermischen Trocknen von mit einem Wasserbasislack frisch lackierten Gegenständen, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1167908B1 EP1167908B1 EP01114615A EP01114615A EP1167908B1 EP 1167908 B1 EP1167908 B1 EP 1167908B1 EP 01114615 A EP01114615 A EP 01114615A EP 01114615 A EP01114615 A EP 01114615A EP 1167908 B1 EP1167908 B1 EP 1167908B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- drying
- dried
- approximately
- moisture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
- B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
- F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
- F26B15/14—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks or receptacles, which may be connected to endless chains or belts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
- F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/12—Vehicle bodies, e.g. after being painted
Definitions
- the invention is based on a device for non-thermal drying with a water-based paint freshly painted objects, in particular motor vehicle bodies according to the preamble of claim 1 as For example, from DE 196 44 717 A1 discloses as known.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating such a device.
- Standard painted objects in particular vehicle bodies are painted in several layers, being for environmental reasons at least for the primer and the filler coat mostly waterborne basecoats are used. These paints However, they can not be applied wet to wet, but instead must before each subsequent application of another lacquer layer the previously applied aqueous basecoat layer on certain maximum permissible residual moisture of about 5 to 10 wt .-% dried become. Higher residual moisture would be at the final thermal burn-in of the entire layer composite of the paints cause cracking of the paint, because the amount of off the residual moisture released water vapor not by the layer composite can diffuse through quickly enough.
- DE 295 04 040 U1 is an industrial dryer with a Air drying device known, the two heat exchangers, a Air cooler and an air heater includes. Also the DE 197 81 220 C1 describes a device for drying thin Layers that have a cooling device for condensing and a Heating device for reheating the circulating air has. outgoing There is a need of these refrigerators Air drying even more effective and highly accurate adjust.
- the object of the invention is based on the generic contraption and the method of operating the device improve that too at a different and above all rapidly changing supply of moisture on the part of the painted Always apply this to a specific residual moisture content can be dried and yet a constant Residence time of the lacquered objects in the paint drying plant can be complied with.
- the paint does not get overdried because this is for a good connection of the subsequently applied lacquer layer unfavorable is. Apart from that, overdrying would be too Energy and cost considerations uneconomical. on the other hand may be for logistical reasons a different residence time of the varnished objects in the paint drying plant not be allowed.
- Decisive for a reliable adherence to the target residual moisture at least in a permissible tolerance field is a rapid adaptation of the drying performance of the system to the changing moisture supply.
- a quick adaptation will According to the invention air side by a change of a dried and an untreated partial air flow achieved. With high humidity on the part of the painted objects a high proportion of dried air is driven; of the untreated proportion of recirculated air is correspondingly lower. At low Moisture supply is the other way round; then the dried air fraction in favor of the untreated recirculation component reduced.
- the air drying device is with her Drying capacity designed so that even at the maximum required, dried partial air flow with safety still the circulating air target moisture can be complied with.
- the air is indeed due to the installed dryer capacity over the above mentioned Condition overdried, but due to mixing with the untreated portion is not harmful; In any case can quickly maintain the desired circulating air target moisture become.
- Overdrying of the dried air is energetic Viewpoints readily acceptable, because the Energy balance, even with overdried portion not essential different than in the design case. It only has to be done once installed a corresponding capacity of a drying capacity become.
- the figures show a process plant for non-thermal Drying objects freshly painted with a water-based paint, e.g. of motor vehicle bodies 2, on body supports 3 are superimposed, which in turn on the air-permeable bottom 4 of a drying tunnel 1, 1 'with a constant Conveyor speed transported through this become.
- a water-based paint e.g. of motor vehicle bodies 2, on body supports 3 are superimposed, which in turn on the air-permeable bottom 4 of a drying tunnel 1, 1 'with a constant Conveyor speed transported through this become.
- These are the illustrated embodiment around a two-stage drying tunnel with two together subsequent but separable tunnel sections 1 and 1 'of a first and a second drying stage.
- a lockable lock chamber 14 and 14 'are In front and behind the tunnel sections of the two drying stages.
- the isolation of the tunnel sections among themselves or to the lock chambers can by Hubtore or done by transversely movable sliding doors.
- the paint drying plant shown contains for a non-thermal Drying an air drying device 11, the the moisture-laden air from the drying tunnel over a Exhaust air line and a suction fan 6 is supplied.
- the Air drying device is a cold trap 15 containing where the moisture in the air is condensed.
- the dried air can by means of a Zu Kunststoffgebläses 31 via an air supply line 32 are returned to the drying tunnel.
- the bodies to be dried are at one end in the Dry tunnel introduced, the surfaces of the objects in it forced convection with dry air and after drying the paint the bodies of the drying tunnel discharged.
- the moisture-laden air is sucked out of it, the air in the air drying device 11 which contained Moisture removed by condensate and the Air so to a certain target of absolute residual humidity - hereinafter referred to as "ambient air humidity" - dried and blown back into the drying tunnel.
- the air drying device is dimensioned so and designed so that at maximum moisture loading the exhaust air and at maximum loading of the air drying device the air treated in it to a much lower, preferably half the value of the circulating air target moisture is dryable.
- a supply-side (10) and an exhaust-side Humidity sensors 9 are moisture data circulated Air at the points concerned and these measured data processed in a controller 8.
- the controller changes automatically such the drive speed of the suction fan or its Flow rate that the desired circulating air target humidity supply side can be complied with.
- the absolute air circulation target humidity is between 3.0 to 5.0 g water per kg wet Air, preferably about 4 ⁇ 0.2 g / kg.
- the performance of the refrigeration cycle of the condensing acting Cold trap will be regardless of the fluctuations in the supply of moisture continued at a consistently high level.
- the air indeed due to the installed dryer capacity over one Condition with high proportion of air to be dried over-dries what however due to mixing with the untreated portion Not only is the circulating air harmless, it is also harmless can in any case at short notice the desired air circulation target humidity be respected.
- An overdrying of the dried Air is not only from an energetic point of view without Another justifiable, but because of mixing with the Moist, untreated air to maintain the desired Convection target humidity even required. It only has one appropriate capacity of a drying capacity installed become.
- the proportion of drying Air to vary in various ways, e.g. by Diverters that cross the inlet section into the by-pass duct 30 in favor or to the detriment of the inlet cross-section change into the air dryer.
- dargestelten embodiment is the suction fan 6 arranged in the inlet only to the air drying device.
- the proportion of air to be dried can also be due to a change the delivery rate of this fan can be varied.
- the circulating air to be dried to indirectly vary in that the untreated recirculating air directly by measures of the kind mentioned above being affected.
- the air drying device 11 is in principle a flow cross section greatly expanded channel of preferably rectangular cross-sectional shape, in which several heat exchangers are arranged. Due to the enlarged flow cross-section the air flows through the air drying device relatively slowly through, making it a good heat exchange in it comes. In the front part of the air dryer are the luftbeaufschlagten heat exchanger surfaces 20th and 15 cooling surfaces, whereas in the rear part the air over Heat exchanger surfaces 16 is reheated.
- a main cooling circuit is initially closed mention that from a refrigerant compressor 17, a plurality of parallel to each other arranged by the refrigerant flowed through Refrigerant condensers 16, from a throttle 18 and out another group of heat exchangers, namely the refrigerant evaporators 15, which constitute a cold trap exists.
- a number of Pre-cooler 20 arranged in the air drying device the also act as a refrigerant evaporator, so part of a another refrigerant circuit, namely a secondary cooling circuit are.
- this sibling refrigerant circuit The main components of this sibling refrigerant circuit are also a refrigerant compressor 22, a plurality of each other in a waste heat air duct 25 arranged Refrigerant condensers 21, a throttle 23 and the already mentioned, located in the front of the air dryer Refrigerant Evaporators 20. Fluidic for the refrigerant in parallel there is another refrigerant evaporator 20 ', in an even further to be treated excess air line 35 is arranged and promoted therein Cools excess air.
- the air enters the rows of refrigerant evaporators 15 of the main cooling circuit is this thanks to the effect of the secondary cooling circuit already at temperatures near freezing pre-cooled.
- the refrigerant of the main cooling circuit has in the refrigerant evaporators - depending on the strength of the air the air drying device - a temperature from -10 to -20 ° C. At high air flow turns one higher temperature than at lower air flow.
- the cooling circuits regardless of the air flow through the air dryer at about the same Power operated. Due to the low temperature the evaporator surface separates there in the Air moisture contained by condensation from and stores attached to the surfaces of the heat exchanger fins.
- the absolute Residual moisture of the dried air is at maximum Throughput of air to be dried according to the design of the Air drying device and the paint drying system in total at a value in the range between 1.5 to 2.5 g / kg, preferably at about 2 ⁇ 0.1 g / kg.
- the dehumidified air is initially quite cold. she is in the air dryer through the heat exchanger rows the refrigerant condensers 16 of the main cooling circuit passed through, in the interior of which passed condensed but still condensed vapor refrigerant is and on the outside of the air flowing around about Room temperature is heated. This will increase the relative humidity lowered and their ability to absorb moisture, increased.
- the air hits at about three times the exit velocity, preferably about 10 to 12 m / s on the already dried and solidified Paint on. Due to the greater flow intensity of the dry air in the second opposite the first stage improved conditions for a moisture transfer from the paint to the air.
- the indoor air is subject due to the size of the hall and due to the circumstance that it is heated or controlled ventilated, only very slight fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Through the continuous addition of excess air is at the same time the in the paint drying plant circulating air running though slowly renewed. This does not lead to accumulations of Solvent vapors or the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein schematisch dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Tunneltrockenanlage zum nicht-thermischen, zweistufigen Trocknen eines auf Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien frisch applizierten Wasserbasislackes und
- Fig. 2
- die Lufttrocknungseinrichtung der Anlage nach Figur 1 in datailreicherer Darstellung und mit zugehörigen Peripheriegeräten.
Claims (19)
- Vorrichtung zum nicht-thermischen Trocknen eines auf Gegenständen, insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien (2) frisch applizierten Wasserbasislackes,mit einem die frisch lackierten Gegenstände vorübergehend aufnehmenden Trocknergehäuse (1, 1'), insbesondere einem Trockentunnel,
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
in der zur Lufttrocknungseinrichtung (11) führenden Abluftleitung ein Luftfilter (33) angeordnet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
in der zum Trocknergehäuse (1, 1') führenden Zuluftleitung (32) ein Luftfilter (34) angeordnet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
in die zum Trockentunnel (1, 1') führende Zuluftleitung (32) eine Überschussluftleitung (35) einmündet, die mit einem Umgebungsluft aus der Umgebung der Lufttrocknungseinrichtung (11) ansaugenden Überschussgebläse (36) verbunden ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
in der Überschussluftleitung (35) ein Wärmetauscher (20') zur Abkühlung der darin strömenden Überschussluft angeordnet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
bei kontinuierlich betriebenen, als Trockentunnel (1, 1') ausgebildete Trocknergehäuse wenigstens zwei aufeinander folgende Trockenstufen mit lufttechnisch getrennten Lufttrocknungseinrichtungen (11) vorgesehen sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die innerhalb des Trockentunnels (1, 1') aufeinander folgende Trockenstufen untereinander annähernd gleich lang ausgebildet sind. - Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Vorrichtung nach dem Ansprüchen 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Vorrichtung in einer solchen Weise betrieben wird, dass bei einem höchsten Feuchtigkeitsangebotes und dementsprechend bei einem maximal erforderlichen Anteil von zu trocknender Luft, bei dem die Kondensationsleistung der Lufttrocknungseinrichtung (11) gleichwohl konstant gehalten, d.h. nicht gesteigert wird, die Restfeuchte der getrockneten Luft bei etwa 40 bis 60 %, vorzugsweise bei etwa 50 % der Umluft-Zielfeuchte und dass die Restfeuchte der getrockneten Luft bei weniger hoch erforderlichen Anteilen von zu trocknender Luft darunter liegt, die behandelte Luft dann also stärker getrocknet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der variable Anteil der zu trocknenden Luft durch drehzahlabhängige veränderung der Förderleistung eines entsprechenden Fördergebläses (6) eingestellt wird. - Verfahren nach
Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die luftbeaufschlagten Flächen der Kältefalle (15) im Zustand eines maximal erforderlichen Anteils von zu trocknender Luft auf einer im stationären Zustand gleichbleibenden Temperatur im Bereich von -10 bis -20 °C gehalten sind und bei einem weniger hohen Anteilen von zu trocknender Luft darunter liegen. - Verfahren nach
Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Umluft-Zielfeuchte im Bereich zwischen 3,0 bis 5,0 g Wasser je kg feuchter Luft liegt, vorzugsweise etwa 4 ±0,2 g/kg beträgt und dass die Restfeuchte der getrockneten Luft des behandelten Teilmengenstromes bei einem maximal erforderlichen Anteil von zu trocknender Luft im Bereich zwischen 1,5 bis 2,5 g/kg, vorzugsweise bei etwa 2 ±0,1 g/kg liegt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die getrocknete Luft des behandelten Teilmengenstromes mit der Luft des unbehandelten Teilmengenstromes durch das beide Teilmengenströme gemeinsam fördernde Fördergebläse (31) vor der Einspeisung der Zuluft in das Trocknergehäuse (1, 1') vermischt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
für beide Stufen eine annähernd gleich große Umluft-Zielfeuchte eingehalten wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
in beiden Stufen eine annähernd gleich lange Aufenthaltszeit der zu trocknenden Gegenstände (2) eingehalten wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die lackierten Gegenstände (2) in der ersten Trocknungsstufe mit einer geringeren Geschwindigkeit zwangskonvektiv mit der getrockneten Luft beaufschlagt werden als in der zweiten Trocknungsstufe. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der getrockneten Luft, mit der lackierten Gegenstände (2) beaufschlagt werden, in der ersten Trocknungsstufe etwa 2 bis 5 m/s, vorzugsweise etwa 3 m/s und in der zweiten Trocknungsstufe etwa den dreifachen Wert, vorzugsweise etwa 10 bis 12 m/s, beträgt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
bei kontinuierlich betriebenen, d.h. einerends beschickten und nach Durchlauf der Gegenstände durch das als Trockentunnel (1, 1') ausgebildete Trocknergehäuse anderends entleerten Trocknungsanlagen zuluftseitig laufend ein Überschuss von Luft gegenüber der abluftseitig entnommenen Luft aufgrund einer Zugabe von Umgebungsluft zu der in den Trockentunnel (1, 1') rezirkulierten Luft zugegeben wird und so ein unkontrollierter Eintritt von Luft aus angrenzenden Behandlungszonen in die Trockenzone des Trockentunnels (1, 1') verhindert und ferner zugleich die darin zirkulierte Luft laufend wenn auch langsam erneuert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
- bezogen auf die insgesamt zirkulierte Luftmenge - laufend ein Anteil von etwa 1 bis 8 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise etwa 3 Vol.-% an Umgebungsluft zu der in den Trockentunnel (1, 1') rezirkulierten Luft zugegeben wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Umgebungsluft vor ihrer Zugabe zur Umluft auf etwa 5 bis 15 °C, vorzugsweise auf etwa 10 °C gekühlt wird (Verdampfer 20').
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10030383 | 2000-06-21 | ||
DE10030383A DE10030383C1 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2000-06-21 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum nicht-thermischen Trocknen von mit einem Wasserbasislack frisch lackierten Gegenständen, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1167908A1 EP1167908A1 (de) | 2002-01-02 |
EP1167908B1 true EP1167908B1 (de) | 2005-04-27 |
Family
ID=7646400
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01114615A Expired - Lifetime EP1167908B1 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-19 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum nicht-thermischen Trocknen von mit einem Wasserbasislack frisch lackierten Gegenständen, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6546647B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1167908B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10030383C1 (de) |
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2000
- 2000-06-21 DE DE10030383A patent/DE10030383C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-06-19 DE DE50106002T patent/DE50106002D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-19 EP EP01114615A patent/EP1167908B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 US US09/885,444 patent/US6546647B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007037415A1 (de) | 2006-08-09 | 2009-02-12 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Regelung klimatischer Parameter in einer Spritzkabine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50106002D1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
DE10030383C1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
US20020038521A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
EP1167908A1 (de) | 2002-01-02 |
US6546647B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
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