EP1167553A1 - Rollen zum Verwenden in der Eingangs- oder Ausgangszone der Kühlstrecke eines Durchlaufglühofens und diese Kühlstrecke - Google Patents

Rollen zum Verwenden in der Eingangs- oder Ausgangszone der Kühlstrecke eines Durchlaufglühofens und diese Kühlstrecke Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1167553A1
EP1167553A1 EP01305480A EP01305480A EP1167553A1 EP 1167553 A1 EP1167553 A1 EP 1167553A1 EP 01305480 A EP01305480 A EP 01305480A EP 01305480 A EP01305480 A EP 01305480A EP 1167553 A1 EP1167553 A1 EP 1167553A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roll
quenching zone
rolls
continuous annealing
annealing furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01305480A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Takahiro c/o Chiba Works Sugano
Sachihiro Kawasaki Steel Corporation Iida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Kawasaki Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kawasaki Steel Corp filed Critical Kawasaki Steel Corp
Publication of EP1167553A1 publication Critical patent/EP1167553A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/562—Details
    • C21D9/563—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to rolls disposed before and/or after a quenching zone of a continuous annealing furnace for continuously heat-treating strip, and to a quenching zone unit including the rolls.
  • High-strength steel strips having increased widths and reduced thicknesses are being produced using continuous annealing furnaces.
  • Continuous annealing furnaces are now required to treat a steel strip having an increased width ranging from 600 mm to 1850 mm and to 2100 mm in some cases.
  • the annealing temperature of steel strips is further elevated, and, consequently, the steel strip passing through the furnace is further softened, resulting in increased amounts of defective products.
  • more precise control of the rapid cooling operation after annealing is required.
  • an upright continuous annealing furnace for annealing steel strip comprises a heating zone 2 for heating a steel strip to a predetermined temperature to perform annealing, a soaking zone 3, and a cooling zone for cooling the high-temperature material, i.e., the steel strip 1, to room temperature.
  • the cooling zone normally comprises a plurality of furnace zones, namely, a quenching zone 4 (or "primary cooling zone” ) for rapid cooling the high-temperature steel strip, an over-aging zone 5, and a secondary cooling zone 6.
  • bridle roll units 8 for preventing fluttering of the steel strip 1 inside the quench zone 4 are provided in many cases.
  • quenching zone unit includes the quenching zone 4 and the rolls, such as the bridle roll unit 8 disposed before and after the quenching zone 4.
  • the upright continuous annealing furnace shown in Fig. 4 includes the over-aging zone 5 and the secondary cooling zone 6, the over-aging zone 5 and the secondary cooling zone 6 may be omitted when applied to, for example, a molten metal plating line.
  • An exemplary steel strip being steel plates for vehicular bodies having a baking hardening property.
  • Known processes for quenching the steel strips include: a gas jet cooling process comprising cooling the atmospheric gas in the quenching zone using a heat exchanger, circulating the gas, and blowing cooled gas jet streams at high speeds on to the steel strips a roll cooling process comprising cooling rolls by placing cooling media into the rolls, which are pressed against a steel strip to quench the steel strip; a water quenching process using water as a cooling medium; and a mist cooling process.
  • the gas jet cooling process advantageously provides steel strips having satisfactory appearance and shapes after cooling. Moreover, the cost for the cooling equipment is relatively low.
  • a high-speed gas jet cooling process in which a temperature range of 300°C or more is quenched using a quenching zone including gas jet cooling equipment having a heat transfer coefficient of 170 W/(m 2 •°C) or more per surface, is now being performed.
  • the phrase "a temperature range of 300°C or more is rapidly quenched" means that the temperature of the steel strip that is quenched is 300°C or more at the entry side of the quenching zone.
  • connection sections for example, the bridle roll unit, disposed between the heating zone and the cooling zone, thereby over-cooling the edge portions of the hearth rolls or the bridle rolls installed in the connection sections and generating large thermal crowns in the centers of these rolls. Consequently, the steel strip suffers from buckling in the width direction.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 56-65942 discloses that fluttering of steel strip is reduced by providing inner-furnace bridle rolls at the quenching zone entry side and increasing the tension of steel strip at a gas jet nozzle unit.
  • operational experiences demonstrate that the buckling of steel strip at the inner-furnace bridle rolls disposed at the quenching zone entry side cannot be completely prevented.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 60-40463 discloses a seal for preventing gas leakage from the connecting portion.
  • the seal for preventing gas leakage is applied to a high-speed gas jet cooling unit, the cooling gas hitting the steel strip surfaces leaks from the connecting units provided before and after the quenching zone, thereby generating a temperature distribution in the rolls disposed in the bridle roll units installed at the entry side and exit side of the quenching zone and resulting in the buckling of the steel strip.
  • the bridle roll units require additional means for solving this problem. Otherwise, the edge portions of the rolls inside the bridle roll unit are excessively cooled, large thermal crowns are developed in the centers of these rolls, and buckling occurs in the width direction of the steel strip.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 6-93347 discloses that kinetic energy is reduced by disposing a sealing apparatus at an upper portion of a gas jet chamber of a quenching zone and injecting, from the sealing apparatus, a stream which flows in a direction opposing the stream at the surface of the steel strip.
  • the sealing apparatus requires installation of a counter-stream injection apparatus and a seal roll, resulting in increased costs.
  • the operation thereof is complicated.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-268324 discloses that in a quenching zone, the angle of a roll crown is adjusted so as to control the buckling threshold tension to be larger than the tension of the steel strip.
  • the rolls having a roll angle of the disclosed range do not come into satisfactory contact with the steel strip, resulting in slipping between the rolls and the steel strip.
  • the present invention addresses the above-described problems to achieve a high-speed gas jet cooling process without causing defects, such as buckling and meandering, even when rapid cooling is performed in a temperature range of 300°C or more and at a quenching zone having a jet cooling unit having a heat transfer coefficient per surface of 170 W/(m 2 •°C).
  • the invention can achieve a reliable operation of a continuous annealing furnace by allowing a steel strip of a reduced gauge and an increased width to stably pass through the line.
  • the invention also can solve problems such as decrease in yield, decrease in line speed, and shutdown.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a quenching zone unit of a continuous annealing furnace, comprising at least one hearth roll and/or at least one bridle roll disposed at the entry side and/or the exit side of a quenching zone.
  • the hearth roll and/or bridle roll comprises the above-described roll.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a quenching zone unit of a continuous annealing furnace, including at least one bridle roll unit having a plurality of rolls.
  • the at least one bridle roll unit is provided at the entry side and/or the exit side of a quenching zone.
  • Each of these rolls comprises the above-described exemplary roll.
  • At least one pair of seal rolls is disposed at the entry side and/or the exit side of the quenching zone.
  • rolls of the invention can be preferably applied to the continuous annealing furnace shown in Fig. 4, the invention is not limited to this application. Rather, rolls according to the invention can be applied to a wide variety of continuous annealing furnaces having quenching zones.
  • a quenching zone 4 includes a gas jet cooling apparatus 12 and performs quenching of a steel strip 1 fed into the quenching zone 4.
  • bridle roll units 8 are disposed before and after the quenching zone 4. Seal rolls 11 are disposed inside the respective bridle roll units 8 to prevent the cooling gas ejected in the gas jet cooling apparatus 12 from entering the bridle roll units 8.
  • a heater 7 is provided in each of the bridle roll units 8 to prevent temperature drops inside the bridle roll units 8 and to maintain the temperature at a predetermined temperature.
  • a plurality of hearth rolls 9 and bridle rolls 10 are provided inside each of the bridle roll units 8.
  • Fig. 1 two of the hearth rolls 9 and three of the bridle rolls 10 are installed inside the bridle roll unit 8 located near the entry side of the quenching zone 4 and one hearth roll 9 and three of the bridle rolls 10 are installed inside the bridle roll unit 8 located near the exit side of the quenching zone.
  • the invention is, however, not limited to the particular configuration shown in Fig. 1.
  • Other configurations can also be used as long as the steel strip 1 is provided with a target tension.
  • the hearth roll 9 may also function as the bridle roll and the bridle roll unit 8 may be provided with three bridle rolls 10.
  • the invention can be applied to a horizontal continuous annealing furnace as shown in Fig. 3.
  • Embodiments of the invention can optimize the thermal crowns of the hearth rolls 9 and the bridle rolls 10 installed inside the bridle roll units 8 and prevent the steel strip 1 from slipping, buckling, and meandering by a desired tension applied to the steel strip.
  • the rolls installed after and before the quenching zone according to the invention can be applied to both the hearth rolls and the bridle rolls.
  • an exemplary roll 20 can be disposed after or before the quenching zone.
  • the roll 20 comprises a substantially flat portion 22 having a length Lc and tapered portions 24 having an inclination R.
  • the flat portion 22 is sandwiched by the tapered portions 24, and the roll 20 is thereby symmetrical.
  • the roll crown has a convex shape.
  • the roll crown has a concave shape.
  • the flat portion 22 does not necessarily need to be exactly flat.
  • the flat portion may have a gently curved surface having a radius of curvature of 100 m or more.
  • the relationship between the length Lc of the flat portion of the roll and the ratio of problems caused by slippage between the roll surface and the steel strip was examined. The results are shown in Fig. 6.
  • conditions such as the inclination R of the roll tapered portion and the radius of curvature at the boundary between the flat portion and the tapered portions were kept within preferred conditions according to the invention.
  • cooling conditions a temperature range of 300°C or more was quenched using a quenching zone including gas jet cooling equipment having a capacity of 170 W/(m 2 •°C) or more, reduced to a heat transfer coefficient per steel strip surface.
  • the trouble ratio in the graph is normalized by the average of conventional operational data.
  • the boundary between the roll flat portion and the tapered portions is preferably smooth and round without edges in order to prevent slipping and buckling of the steel strips.
  • the radius of the curvature TR at the boundary is preferably 20 m or more. In other words, the curvature TR satisfies condition (3): TR ⁇ 20
  • Fig. 8 the horizontal axis indicates the entry side and the exit side of the quenching zone and the vertical axis indicates the length Lc of the roll flat portion.
  • R and TR were set within the ranges of the invention.
  • the graph shows whether buckling and/or meandering occurred in the steel strip fed therein.
  • the cooling conditions were the same as those in the examination regarding Fig. 6.
  • circles (0) indicate that the steel strip had no defect and squares ( ⁇ ) indicate that buckling was observed in the steel strip.
  • the speed of the strip line was set to a normal speed (100 to 300 m/min). No meandering was observed in the examination regarding Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 8 also demonstrates that condition (1): Lc ⁇ 0.7 ⁇ W min is preferable.
  • Fig. 9 is a graph indicating the generation of buckling and meandering when a steel strip was fed.
  • the horizontal axis in the graph indicates the entry side and the exit side of the quenching zone.
  • the vertical axis in the graph indicates the inclination R of the tapered portion.
  • the conditions such as Lc and TR were set within the preferred range of the invention.
  • the cooling conditions were the same as those in the examination regarding Fig. 6.
  • circles ( ⁇ ) indicate the steel strip had no defect
  • triangles ( ⁇ ) indicate that meandering was observed
  • squares ( ⁇ ) indicate that buckling was observed.
  • the speed of the strip line was set to a normal speed (100 to 300 m/min).
  • bridle roll units are generally provided after and before the quenching zone to maintain the tension of the steel strip at the quenching zone at a high level.
  • the rolls installed inside these bridle roll units are preferably the rolls within the preferred ranges of the invention so as to avoid problems, such as slipping, buckling and meandering, as described above.
  • meandering is likely to occur when rolls have concave-shaped crowns, R ⁇ 0, whereas buckling is likely to occur when rolls have convex-shaped crowns, R > 0.
  • Other advantages of the flat roll are its ease of manufacturing and low manufacturing costs.
  • the tension of the steel strips is relatively low at the roll closest to the quenching zone compared to the rolls at the preceding positions.
  • the cooling gas injected into the quench zone is prevented from reaching inside of the bridle roll unit as much as possible.
  • a large amount of cooling gas passes through the connecting portion between the quenching zone and the bridle roll unit and reaches the bridle roll unit, the edges of the rolls inside the unit are excessively cooled, generating remarkable thermal crowns in the central portion of the roll.
  • the gauge of the strip is reduced, the probability of slipping and buckling becomes high.
  • At least one pair of seal rolls is preferably installed in each of the connecting portions of the bridle roll units located at the entry side and the exit side of the quenching zone.
  • Table 1 shows profiles of the rolls of the invention as installed inside the bridle roll units disposed before and after the quenching zone of the upright continuous annealing furnaces.
  • the profiles are defined as Lc and R, and show whether undesirable phenomena such as slipping, buckling, and meandering occur or not.
  • A indicates neither slipping, buckling, nor meandering was observed;
  • B indicates slipping, buckling, or meandering was occasionally observed; and
  • C indicates slipping, buckling, or meandering was frequently observed.
  • the quenching zone had a gas jet cooling unit having a capacity of 170 W/(m 2 •°C) or more reduced to a heat transfer coefficient per steel strip surface and was provided with a pair of seal rolls at the entry of the quenching zone.
  • the temperature range of 300°C or more was quenched.
  • Samples 1 to 13 are rolls according to the invention.
  • Operations were conducted using an upright continuous annealing furnace having a quenching zone unit including rolls of the invention disposed before and after a quenching zone.
  • the upright continuous annealing furnace had a W min value of 700 mm and a W max value of 1850 mm.
  • the quenching zone unit used was that shown in Fig. 1.
  • the quenching zone included a gas jet cooling apparatus having a capacity of 170 W/(m 2 •°C) or more, reduced to a heat transfer coefficient per steel strip surface.
  • An operation according to the invention satisfied all conditions (1) to (3). That is, in the operation of the invention, all of the rolls used inside the bridle roll units were in conformity with conditions (1) to (3). The operations, each satisfying only one of conditions (1) to (3), were also performed and were compared to a conventional process.
  • Fig. 10 shows the relationship between each of the operation conditions and the decrease in yield of the products due to slipping, buckling, and meandering between the rolls and the steel strip.
  • the yield reduction rate is normalized by the amount of the defective product relative to the entire production in a conventional process.
  • Improvements compared to the conventional process can be attained by satisfying one of conditions (1) to (3), but when all of these conditions are satisfied in combination as in the invention, decrease in yield can be significantly improved to approximately one-tenth of the conventional process.
  • Fig. 11 shows the relationship between each of conditions (1) to (3) and the operation efficiency reduction rate of the line caused by slipping, buckling, or meandering between the rolls and the steel strip.
  • operation efficiency is defined as the ratio of the line speed calculated from the capacity of the equipment to the actual operation speed and is an indicator of the capacity in operation.
  • the operational efficiency reduction rate is normalized by an average value of the difference between a theoretical line speed calculated from capacity and an actual line speed of a conventional process.
  • the operation rate of the upright continuous annealing furnace was improved by 0.1% on average and the operation efficiency reduction rate was lowered to one-fifth compared to the conventional process.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
EP01305480A 2000-06-27 2001-06-25 Rollen zum Verwenden in der Eingangs- oder Ausgangszone der Kühlstrecke eines Durchlaufglühofens und diese Kühlstrecke Withdrawn EP1167553A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000192378 2000-06-27
JP2000192378A JP2002003956A (ja) 2000-06-27 2000-06-27 連続熱処理炉の急冷帯前後用ロール及び急冷帯設備

Publications (1)

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EP1167553A1 true EP1167553A1 (de) 2002-01-02

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EP01305480A Withdrawn EP1167553A1 (de) 2000-06-27 2001-06-25 Rollen zum Verwenden in der Eingangs- oder Ausgangszone der Kühlstrecke eines Durchlaufglühofens und diese Kühlstrecke

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US20020017747A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1167553A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002003956A (de)
KR (1) KR20020001618A (de)
CN (1) CN1340630A (de)
BR (1) BR0102581A (de)
CA (1) CA2351744A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3063737A1 (fr) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-14 Fives Stein Ligne continue de recuit ou de galvanisation comprenant un bloc tensionneur entre deux fours consecutifs

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5130733B2 (ja) * 2007-02-14 2013-01-30 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続焼鈍設備
CN102632110B (zh) * 2012-03-27 2015-06-17 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 刷洗装置入出口处的带钢曲度纠正装置
IL229369A (en) * 2013-11-11 2017-12-31 Vestigo Tech Ltd Low-bandwidth system and methods for wireless data monitoring for moving devices
FR3027920B1 (fr) * 2014-10-29 2019-03-29 Fives Stein Procede d'orientation de grains de tole d'acier, dispositif s'y rapportant, et installation mettant en oeuvre ce procede ou ce dispositif
US11993823B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2024-05-28 United States Steel Corporation High strength annealed steel products and annealing processes for making the same
WO2017196965A1 (en) 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 United States Steel Corporation High strength steel products and annealing processes for making the same
US11560606B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2023-01-24 United States Steel Corporation Methods of producing continuously cast hot rolled high strength steel sheet products
AU2020268370B2 (en) 2019-05-07 2024-06-13 United States Steel Corporation Methods of producing continuously cast hot rolled high strength steel sheet products
MX2022001699A (es) 2019-08-07 2022-03-11 United States Steel Corp Productos de lamina de acero de alta ductilidad revestido con zinc.
KR20220050935A (ko) 2019-08-19 2022-04-25 유나이테드 스테이츠 스틸 코포레이션 고강도 강 제품 및 이의 제조를 위한 어닐링 공정

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0036035A2 (de) * 1979-10-31 1981-09-23 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Bandzuges in Durchlauföfen für Stahlband
EP0117083A1 (de) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-29 Nippon Steel Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen von Metallband in einem Durchlaufglühofen
EP0265700A1 (de) * 1986-09-30 1988-05-04 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Bandzuges in Durchlaufglühöfen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0036035A2 (de) * 1979-10-31 1981-09-23 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Bandzuges in Durchlauföfen für Stahlband
EP0117083A1 (de) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-29 Nippon Steel Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen von Metallband in einem Durchlaufglühofen
EP0265700A1 (de) * 1986-09-30 1988-05-04 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Bandzuges in Durchlaufglühöfen

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELIAS A ET AL: "OPTIMIZATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROFILE OF ROLLS IN CONTINUOUS ANNEALING LINES", CAHIERS D'INFORMATIONS TECHNIQUES DE LA REVUE DE METALLURGIE, REVUE DE METALLURGIE. PARIS, FR, vol. 95, no. 7/8, 1 July 1998 (1998-07-01), pages 955 - 959, XP000785471, ISSN: 0035-1563 *
F. WEBER ET AL: "Durchlauf-Glühanlage für Feinst- und Feinbleche bei der Rasselstein AG", STAHL UND EISEN., vol. 105, no. 6, 25 March 1985 (1985-03-25), VERLAG STAHLEISEN GMBH. DUSSELDORF., DE, pages 305 - 313, XP002182411, ISSN: 0340-4803 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3063737A1 (fr) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-14 Fives Stein Ligne continue de recuit ou de galvanisation comprenant un bloc tensionneur entre deux fours consecutifs
WO2018172658A1 (fr) 2017-03-13 2018-09-27 Fives Stein Ligne continue de recuit ou de galvanisation comprenant un bloc tensionneur entre deux fours consécutifs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR0102581A (pt) 2002-02-05
US20020017747A1 (en) 2002-02-14
CA2351744A1 (en) 2001-12-27
CN1340630A (zh) 2002-03-20
JP2002003956A (ja) 2002-01-09
KR20020001618A (ko) 2002-01-09

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Withdrawal date: 20021121