EP1166025B1 - Multiblock heat-transfer system - Google Patents

Multiblock heat-transfer system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1166025B1
EP1166025B1 EP00915170A EP00915170A EP1166025B1 EP 1166025 B1 EP1166025 B1 EP 1166025B1 EP 00915170 A EP00915170 A EP 00915170A EP 00915170 A EP00915170 A EP 00915170A EP 1166025 B1 EP1166025 B1 EP 1166025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
collecting
heat exchanger
heat
heat transfer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00915170A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1166025A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Staffa
Hans-Joachim Krauss
Hagen Mittelstrass
Christoph Walter
Bernd Dienhart
Jochen Schumm
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Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1166025A1 publication Critical patent/EP1166025A1/en
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Publication of EP1166025B1 publication Critical patent/EP1166025B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0243Header boxes having a circular cross-section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0435Combination of units extending one behind the other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0084Condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0089Oil coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-block heat exchanger According to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a multi-block - heat exchanger is known from document DE-A-195 36 116.
  • the single ones Heat exchanger units each include one Block of heat exchanger tubes and can of different Heat transfer media are flowed through these, e.g. With a rohrau finish section passed over the pipe blocks To bring air flow into thermal contact.
  • Such a multi-block heat exchanger is suitable e.g. as a combined oil cooler and condenser / gas cooler in motor vehicles. With the oil cooler heat exchanger unit can be circulating in an oil circuit Operating oil, e.g. a motor vehicle transmission, cooled while in the condenser or gas cooler heat exchanger unit a high pressure side refrigerant a Automotive air conditioning condensed or cooled can.
  • A1 multi-block heat exchanger is in a lateral recess of a first Tube block of a first heat exchanger unit between lateral collecting containers the same a second block of pipes together with lateral collecting containers received a further heat exchanger unit, wherein the second tube block to an adjacent end wall of the first tube block is welded.
  • a heat exchanger is known in which in a Collection tube partitions are arranged, which are obtained by the Collecting tube of individual cup-like, rocksteckbaren sections is composed of a bottom of the sections and the respective partition forms.
  • the invention is a technical problem to provide a multi-block heat exchanger based on the type mentioned, in which relatively little effort on a first heat exchanger unit at least a further heat exchanger unit of flexible construction thermally largely decoupled is grown.
  • the invention solves this problem by providing a multi-block heat exchanger with the features of claim 1.
  • this heat exchanger are the tube blocks of the various heat exchanger units each provided with their own manifolds, which in particular the Use of manifolds with different sizes of cross sections for the allows individual pipe blocks.
  • Two heat exchanger units each are at least about a front header connection connected by the two involved Collecting tubes frontally nested and fluid-tight are connected.
  • the headers are for this purpose in this front end Area designed so that the outer cross section of the inserted collecting tube essentially the inner cross section of the encompassing manifold corresponds.
  • An im Pipe joint area provided transverse partition wall holds the The collection rooms belonging to the two collecting pipes are separated from each other.
  • This type of integration of two or more heat exchanger units in a common unit has the Advantage that in a flexible manner different heat transfer units assembled to a multi-block heat exchanger can be, i. to a given first heat exchanger unit can be optionally various other heat transfer units plant.
  • multi-block heat exchanger own the two headers of two assembled Heat exchanger units of different sizes Cross sections in their central region, in which each of the Open pipes of the associated pipe block.
  • the manifold connection to realize is the manifold with the larger central area cross-section in the corresponding frontal Connection area on a smaller cross-section tapered, which then just enough, the manifold with the take smaller cross section.
  • the frontally tapered Manifold is relatively easy through a retractable, Hammering or Aufweithabilit or manufactured as extruded part.
  • multi-block heat exchanger is in the pipe connection area of the two assembled collecting pipes, the outer manifold at his Inside and / or the inner manifold on its outside solder-plated.
  • a further developed according to claim 4 heat exchanger includes at least two pipe blocks, juxtaposed in block height direction are arranged. Between the opposite, each on this page last pipes of the respective pipe block are at least two heat-conducting ribs and / or an air gap and / or a thermal insulating block end wall, so that these two heat exchanger tubes as needed largely thermally from each other can be decoupled.
  • heat exchanger are at least two heat exchanger units in the block depth direction, i.e. in the to the levels of the pipe blocks vertical direction, offset pipe blocks provided.
  • a further developed according to claim 6 multi-block heat exchanger includes at least three heat exchanger units with associated pipe blocks, wherein on the same side of a first heat transfer unit two more heat transfer units in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger tubes next to each other are arranged.
  • the essentially of the total length the heat exchanger tubes certain total width of the two further heat exchanger units is preferably selected that it is approximately the width of the third heat exchanger unit corresponds, so that a total of one unit across the areas of the various heat exchanger units is formed approximately constant dimensions.
  • This also facilitates the connection of each manifold the two other heat transfer units with a manifold the first heat exchanger unit, since the one with each other connected collecting pipes in this case largely coaxial with each other lie.
  • this heat exchanger are according to claim 7, the two facing each other Collecting chambers of the two other heat transfer units in a compact way in a common manifold with integrated longitudinal partition.
  • the cross section of the manifold of at least one of the heat exchanger units is chosen smaller than the width of the flat tubes used to build the associated tube block.
  • the first heat exchanger unit associated tube / rib block 1 consists of several, in block height successive serpentine flat tubes 3. Furthermore, this heat exchanger unit has two along opposite block sides in Block Hochhalle extending manifolds 4, 5 on. each Flat tube 3 opens with one end 3a, 3b in the two Manifolds, 4, 5, of which thus depending on the direction of flow one for parallel distribution of a supplied heat transfer medium on the different serpentine flat tubes 3 and the other for collecting this heat transfer medium serves as it emerges from the serpentine flat tubes.
  • the serpentine flat tubes 3 are each with facing each other on the entrance side areas and each other facing side-facing areas next to each other, to unwanted heat transfer effects between an entrance side Area of one and one exit side Area of the adjacent serpentine flat pipe 3 to avoid. Between adjacent serpentine flat tubes 3 as well as between the individual turns of each serpentine flat tube 3 thermally conductive corrugated fins 16 are introduced.
  • the various corrugated ribs are here for clarity in Fig. 1 as well as in Figs. 3, 5 and 6 only to a small Part explicitly reproduced.
  • the two manifolds 4, 5 of this first heat exchanger unit are made with a relatively small outer diameter, in particular smaller than the width of the used Serpentine flat tubes 3. For this reason, the flat tube ends 3a, 3b with respect to the flat tube center region by 90 ° the flat tube longitudinal axis twisted into the manifolds 4, 5 inserted.
  • the tube / fin block 2 of the other heat exchanger unit is constructed of straight flat tubes 6, wherein to both Side of each straight flat tube 6 each have a heat conducting Corrugated rib 7 is provided.
  • the straight-line flat tubes 6 lead in turn on opposite block sides in each one there collection manifold 8, 9.
  • These two manifolds 8, 9 have to those of the other heat exchanger unit a larger outer and inner diameter, wherein the Inner diameter in particular chosen to be sufficiently large is that the rectilinear flat tubes 6 with not twisted Ends which extend transversely to the collection tube longitudinal axis, in corresponding Transverse slots of the manifolds 8, 9 are inserted.
  • the two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 are to form a common, compact unit arranged such that the rectilinear flat tubes 6 parallel to the rectilinear sections the serpentine flat tubes 3 run and the two nearest adjacent heat exchanger pipe sections 6a, 3c of the two blocks 1, 2 via two corrugated rows 16a spaced from each other, which may be required e.g. through a Air gap thermally be largely decoupled from each other can, so that no noticeable heat transfer from one to other tube block occurs.
  • the two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 each with an associated End wall 18a, 18b completed.
  • the two heat exchanger units are primarily characterized by each other grown, that their respective same side collecting pipes 4, 5, 8, 9 nested and by soldering or Welding are connected to each other gas-tight.
  • An additional Fixation of the two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 to each other can therefore be omitted if necessary, which also the thermal Decoupling of the two blocks 1, 2 facilitates.
  • To the said Collecting pipe connections to accomplish, are the two larger diameter headers 8, 9 of a heat exchanger unit in their corresponding, front end pipe connection area rejuvenated.
  • these tapered manifolds 8, 9 can by a pulling-in, hammering or flaring method, or these headers 8, 9 can be manufactured as Frissapreßteil be, as assumed in the sectional view of FIG is.
  • smaller diameter manifold 5 defined collecting space 11th is from the plenum 10 of the other manifold 8 by a Cross partition 12 separated by a bottom of the larger diameter Sammelrohrs 8 in the transition region of the larger Cross-section is formed to the tapered front end 8a.
  • the multi-block heat exchanger of Fig. 1 is particularly useful as a combined oil cooler gas cooler / condenser heat exchanger in motor vehicles.
  • the heat exchanger unit with the Flachrohrserpentinenblock 1 forms a condenser or gas cooler for condensing or cooling a high-pressure side refrigerant flow of an air conditioner, while the other heat exchanger unit with the tube block 1 of straight flat tubes forms an oil cooler for cooling a circulating in an oil circuit operating oil of the motor vehicle, eg in a transmission oil or servo oil circuit.
  • the oil cooler manifolds 8, 9 designed with a larger cross section than the refrigerant manifolds 4, 5.
  • the latter manifolds 4, 5 define in this way a relatively small collection chamber volume, as is desirable for a condenser or gas cooler, especially when using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
  • the choice of a relatively small diameter for the associated manifolds 4, 5 also has the advantage that they can be designed very pressure stable at comparable wall thickness as the other two manifolds 8, 9, so that they are in CO 2 air conditioners high pressure side typically withstand pressures easily withstand.
  • the assembly of the two heat exchanger units to the common structural unit can be done firstly by the fact that first both heat exchanger units, i. the respective one Pipe / rib block 1, 2 with the associated side collecting pipes 4, 5, 8, 9, separated and soldered and then the two prefabricated heat exchanger units by nesting the same side collecting pipes 4, 9th or 5, 8 and firmly connecting the same e.g. through a Soldering or welding are fixed together.
  • alternative can the entire assembly of the two heat exchanger units built together and then in one single soldering or welding process to be soldered or welded.
  • Fig. 3 shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1, which forms a triblock heat exchanger, wherein the same reference numerals are used for functionally identical components and to that extent can be made to the above description of FIG.
  • the three-block heat exchanger of Fig. 3 includes the same heat exchanger unit with the tube / rib block 1 of serpentine flat tubes 3 and small-volume, lateral manifolds 4, 5, as it is suitable for example as a gas cooler CO 2 -Air conditioning.
  • the heat exchanger of FIG. 3 instead of the second tube / fin block 2 of FIG. 1, two tube / fin blocks 2 a, 2 b are combined with the tube / fin block 1 constructed from the serpentine flat tubes 3.
  • the length of the flat tubes 19a, 19b used for the two further blocks 2a, 2b is in each case selected to be approximately half the length of the straight sections of the serpentine flat tubes 3.
  • the two further blocks 2a, 2b are adjacent to one another along a respective inner header side adjacent and arranged on the other with a side parallel to the flat tube extension in block height direction each adjacent to a common side of the serpentine tube / rib block 1, so that overall results in a compact, cuboidal unit in block height direction approximately constant width.
  • This two-channel Collection tube 22 may be e.g. be made as an extruded tube and has a central longitudinal partition wall 23, which the pipe interior in the two separate, longitudinal collecting spaces 20, 21 divides.
  • Each of the two smaller tube / rib blocks 2a, 2b is over its outer manifold 8a, 9a with the same side manifold 4, 5 of the larger heat exchanger unit and therefore together with their tube / rib block 1 to the common Unit connected.
  • the frontal connections of the same side Collecting tubes 4, 9a and 5, 8a correspond to those of Fig. 1, to which reference may be made.
  • Only if required can be an additional fixation of the two smaller blocks 2a, 2b at the larger block 1 via a then preferably thermally insulating designed connection between the two opposite corrugated rows 16b may be provided, e.g. in the form of a thermally insulating partition.
  • the two smaller ones Tube / rib blocks 2a, 2b each with a closure wall 18c, 18d Mistake.
  • the straight flat tubes 19a, 19b of the two smaller blocks 2a, 2b with a larger passage cross section than the serpentine flat tubes 3 are also formed in the heat exchanger of FIG. 3, which makes it equally suitable for use in motor vehicles in such a way, that the heat exchanger unit with the Serpentinenflachrohrblock 1 as a condenser or gas cooler eg a CO 2 air conditioning and the other two heat exchanger units with the straight flat tubes 2a, 2b and the larger diameter headers 8a, 9a, 22 are used as oil cooler, for example one as transmission oil cooler and the other than servo oil cooler.
  • exemplary connection structures in the form of one radial connection 24, 25 to the two outer collection tubes 8a, 9a and one axial connection 26, 27 to the respective inner collecting space 20, 21 are indicated in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further variant of the example of FIG. 1 represented, in turn, functionally the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and in so far on the above description of Fig. 1 can be referenced.
  • the Embodiment of Fig. 5, there with a cut away Corner shown also provides a two-block heat exchanger in which the same two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 are used as in the example of Fig. 1, the Here, however, not in block upright next to each other, but are arranged one behind the other in the block depth direction, i. the smaller tube / rib block 2 with the straight flat tubes 6 lies in the direction of the rohrau touchmen by the two Blocks 1, 2 passed through flow medium, such. Air, in front of or behind the larger tube / rib block 1 with the serpentine flat tubes 3.
  • the smaller tube / fin block 2 is at the larger tube / rib block 1 alone via the two lateral header connections grown.
  • the two manifolds correspond 8, 9 larger cross section for the smaller tube / rib block 2 those of Fig. 1.
  • Serpentine flat tube heat exchanger unit modified manifolds 4a, 5a used which differ from the two Collecting pipes 4, 5 of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 differ in that they are at the upper in Fig.
  • the multi-block heat exchanger an integration of two or more heat exchanger units in a common unit, wherein the heat exchanger units exclusively or at least primarily via end connections of associated manifolds are built together.
  • This allows a flexible Assembling different additional heat exchanger units to a respective first heat exchanger unit.
  • one or two further heat transfer units in only one page area of a first Heat exchanger unit are coupled to this, it is Of course possible, such a coupling of one or several further heat transfer units at two opposite Provide sides of the first heat exchanger unit.
  • any number of heat transfer units with associated pipe blocks in Blockrochraum arranged side by side and each above same-side, end-side manifold connections to each other attached and in this way to a common, integrated Unit be connected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
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Abstract

A multiblock heat-transfer system including a first heat-transfer unit and at least a second heat transfer unit mounted onto the first heat-transfer unit. The first heat transfer unit contains a first heat-transfer tubular block with at least a first collecting chamber at the side. The second heat-transfer unit contains a second heat-transfer tubular block with at least a second collecting chamber at the side. The first and second collecting chamber each consist of their own collecting pipe, and both collecting pipes are inserted into each other at their front faces and are connected in a fluid-tight manner. In the pipe connection area, the external diameter of one of the collecting pipes approximately matches the internal diameter of the other collecting pipe, and a transverse partition is provided for separating the two collecting chambers.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein solchen Mehrblock - Wärmeübertrager ist aus Dokument DE-A-195 36 116 bekannt. In einem solchen Wärmeübertrager sind zwei oder mehr Wärmeübertragereinheiten in eine gemeinsame Baueinheit integriert. Die einzelnen Wärmeübertragereinheiten beinhalten jeweils einen Block aus Wärmeübertragerrohren und können von verschiedenen Wärmeübertragermedien durchströmt werden, um diese z.B. mit einem rohraußenseitig über die Rohrblöcke hinweggeführten Luftstrom in Wärmekontakt zu bringen. Ein solcher Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager eignet sich z.B. als kombinierter Ölkühler und Kondensator/Gaskühler in Kraftfahrzeugen. Mit der Ölkühler-Wärmeübertragereinheit kann in einem Ölkreislauf zirkulierendes Betriebsöl, z.B. eines Kraftfahrzeuggetriebes, gekühlt werden, während in der Kondensator- oder Gaskühler-Wärmeübertragereinheit ein hochdruckseitiges Kältemittel einer Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage kondensiert bzw. gekühlt werden kann.The invention relates to a multi-block heat exchanger According to the preamble of claim 1. Such a multi-block - heat exchanger is known from document DE-A-195 36 116. In one such heat exchangers are two or more heat exchanger units integrated into a common unit. The single ones Heat exchanger units each include one Block of heat exchanger tubes and can of different Heat transfer media are flowed through these, e.g. With a rohraußenseitig passed over the pipe blocks To bring air flow into thermal contact. Such a multi-block heat exchanger is suitable e.g. as a combined oil cooler and condenser / gas cooler in motor vehicles. With the oil cooler heat exchanger unit can be circulating in an oil circuit Operating oil, e.g. a motor vehicle transmission, cooled while in the condenser or gas cooler heat exchanger unit a high pressure side refrigerant a Automotive air conditioning condensed or cooled can.

Es ist z.B. aus den Offenlegungsschriften EP 0 367 078 A1 und EP 0 431 917 A1 bekannt, zwei Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit jeweiligem Flachrohrblock dadurch in einer gemeinsamen Baueinheit zu integrieren, daß die beiden Flachrohrblöcke mit zugehörigen seitlichen Sammelrohren in Blocktiefenrichtung hintereinanderliegend angeordnet und durch eine gemeinsame wärmeleitende Wellrippenstruktur miteinander verbunden werden.It is e.g. from the published patent applications EP 0 367 078 A1 and EP 0 431 917 A1, two heat exchanger units with respective flat tube block thereby in a common unit to integrate that the two flat tube blocks with associated lateral headers in block depth direction arranged one behind the other and by a common heat-conducting Corrugated rib structure are interconnected.

Bei einem in der Offeniegungsschrift DE 33 44 220 A1 offenbarten Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager ist in einer seitlichen Aussparung eines ersten Rohrblocks einer ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit zwischen seitlichen Sammelbehältern derselben ein zweiter Rohrblock samt seitlichen Sammelbehältern einer weiteren Wärmeübertragereinheit aufgenommen, wobei der zweite Rohrblock an eine angrenzende Abschlußwand des ersten Rohrblocks angeschweißt ist.In one disclosed in Offenlegungsschrift DE 33 44 220 A1 multi-block heat exchanger is in a lateral recess of a first Tube block of a first heat exchanger unit between lateral collecting containers the same a second block of pipes together with lateral collecting containers received a further heat exchanger unit, wherein the second tube block to an adjacent end wall of the first tube block is welded.

In der Offeniegungsschrift DE 195 36 116 A1 ist ein Wärmeübertrager beschrieben, bei dem ein Rohr-/Rippenblock mit zwei seitlichen Sammelrohren dadurch in zwei Bereiche für unterschiedliche Wärmeübertragermedien aufgeteilt ist, daß die beiden Sammelrohre an korrespondierenden Stellen durch eine Quertrennwandanordnung in je zwei getrennte Sammelräume unterteilt sind, denen eigene Anschlußstrukturen zugeordnet sind. Auf Höhe dieses Trennbereichs ist in den Rohr-/Rippenblock statt der sonst vorgesehenen Flachrohre ein Trennsteg eingefügt.In Offenlegungsschrift DE 195 36 116 A1 a heat exchanger is described, in which a tube / rib block with two lateral headers thereby divided into two areas for different heat transfer media is that the two manifolds at corresponding locations by a transverse partition wall arrangement in each case two separate collecting spaces are subdivided, which are assigned their own connection structures. At height this separation area is in the tube / rib block instead of the otherwise provided Flat tubes inserted a divider.

Aus der FR-A 2 676 273 ist ein Wärmetauscher bekannt, bei dem in einem Sammelrohr Trennwände angeordnet sind, die erhalten werden, indem das Sammelrohr aus einzelnen becherartigen, zusammensteckbaren Teilstücken zusammengesetzt ist und ein Boden der Teilstücke die jeweilige Trennwand bildet.From FR-A 2 676 273 a heat exchanger is known in which in a Collection tube partitions are arranged, which are obtained by the Collecting tube of individual cup-like, zusammensteckbaren sections is composed of a bottom of the sections and the respective partition forms.

Der Erfindung liegt als technisches Problem die Bereitstellung eines Mehrblock-Wärmeübertragers der eingangs genannten Art zugrunde, bei dem mit relativ geringem Aufwand an eine erste Wärmeübertragereinheit wenigstens eine weitere Wärmeübertragereinheit flexiblen Aufbaus thermisch weitgehend entkoppelt angebaut ist.The invention is a technical problem to provide a multi-block heat exchanger based on the type mentioned, in which relatively little effort on a first heat exchanger unit at least a further heat exchanger unit of flexible construction thermally largely decoupled is grown.

Die Erfindung löst dieses Problem durch die Bereitstellung eines Mehrblock-Wärmeübertragers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Bei diesem Wärmeübertrager sind die Rohrblöcke der verschiedenen Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit jeweils eigenen Sammelrohren versehen, was insbesondere die Verwendung von Sammelrohren mit unterschiedlich großen Querschnitten für die einzelnen Rohrblöcke ermöglicht. Je zwei Wärmeübertragereinheiten sind wenigstens über eine stirnseitige Sammelrohrverbindung miteinander verbunden, indem die beiden beteiligten Sammelrohre stirnseitig ineinandergesteckt und fluiddicht verbunden sind. Die Sammelrohre sind hierzu in diesem stirnendseitigen Bereich so gestaltet, daß der Außenquerschnitt des hineingesteckten Sammelrohres im wesentlichen dem Innenquerschnitt des umgreifenden Sammelrohres entspricht. Eine im Rohrverbindungsbereich vorgesehene Quertrennwand hält die zu den beiden Sammelrohren gehörigen Sammelräume voneinander getrennt. Diese Art der Integration von zwei oder mehr Wärmeübertragereinheiten in eine gemeinsame Baueinheit hat den Vorteil, daß in flexibler Weise unterschiedliche Wärmeübertragereinheiten zu einem Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager zusammengebaut sein können, d.h. an eine gegebene erste Wärmeübertragereinheit lassen sich wahlweise verschiedene andere Wärmeübertragereinheiten anbauen.The invention solves this problem by providing a multi-block heat exchanger with the features of claim 1. In this heat exchanger are the tube blocks of the various heat exchanger units each provided with their own manifolds, which in particular the Use of manifolds with different sizes of cross sections for the allows individual pipe blocks. Two heat exchanger units each are at least about a front header connection connected by the two involved Collecting tubes frontally nested and fluid-tight are connected. The headers are for this purpose in this front end Area designed so that the outer cross section of the inserted collecting tube essentially the inner cross section of the encompassing manifold corresponds. An im Pipe joint area provided transverse partition wall holds the The collection rooms belonging to the two collecting pipes are separated from each other. This type of integration of two or more heat exchanger units in a common unit has the Advantage that in a flexible manner different heat transfer units assembled to a multi-block heat exchanger can be, i. to a given first heat exchanger unit can be optionally various other heat transfer units plant.

Bei einem nach Anspruch 2 weitergebildeten Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager besitzen die beiden Sammelrohre zweier zusammengebauter Wärmeübertragereinheiten unterschiedlich große Querschnitte in ihrem Mittelbereich, in welchem jeweils die Rohre des zugehörigen Rohrblocks einmünden. Um die Sammelrohrverbindung zu realisieren, ist das Sammelrohr mit dem größeren Mittelbereich-Querschnitt im entsprechenden stirnseitigen Verbindungsbereich auf einen kleineren Querschnitt verjüngt, der dann gerade ausreicht, das Sammelrohr mit dem kleineren Querschnitt aufzunehmen. Das stirnseitig verjüngte Sammelrohr ist mit relativ wenig Aufwand durch ein Einzieh-, Hämmer- oder Aufweitverfahren oder als Fließpreßteil gefertigt.In a further developed according to claim 2 multi-block heat exchanger own the two headers of two assembled Heat exchanger units of different sizes Cross sections in their central region, in which each of the Open pipes of the associated pipe block. To the manifold connection to realize, is the manifold with the larger central area cross-section in the corresponding frontal Connection area on a smaller cross-section tapered, which then just enough, the manifold with the take smaller cross section. The frontally tapered Manifold is relatively easy through a retractable, Hammering or Aufweitverfahren or manufactured as extruded part.

Bei einem nach Anspruch 3 weitergebildeten Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager ist im Rohrverbindungsbereich von den beiden zusammengesteckten Sammelrohren das äußere Sammelrohr an seiner Innenseite und/oder das innere Sammelrohr an seiner Außenseite lotplattiert. Durch diese Maßnahme kann die Verbindung der beiden Sammelrohre in einem Lötvorgang erfolgen, in welchem vorzugsweise zugleich das Dichtlöten der Wärmeübertragerrohre mit den Sammelrohren und das Verlöten von Wärmeleitrippen, falls vorhanden, mit den Wärmeübertragerrohren erfolgt.In a refinished according to claim 3 multi-block heat exchanger is in the pipe connection area of the two assembled collecting pipes, the outer manifold at his Inside and / or the inner manifold on its outside solder-plated. By this measure, the connection the two headers in a soldering done in which preferably at the same time the sealing of the heat exchanger tubes with the headers and the soldering of heat-conducting ribs, if present, with the heat exchanger tubes he follows.

Ein nach Anspruch 4 weitergebildeter Wärmeübertrager beinhaltet wenigstens zwei Rohrblöcke, die in Blockhochrichtung nebeneinanderliegend angeordnet sind. Zwischen den einander gegenüberliegenden, jeweils auf dieser Seite letzten Rohren des jeweiligen Rohrblocks befinden sich wenigstens zwei Wärmeleitrippen und/oder ein Luftspalt und/oder eine thermisch isolierende Blockabschlußwand, so daß diese beiden Wärmeübertragerrohre bei Bedarf weitestgehend thermisch voneinander entkoppelt sein können.A further developed according to claim 4 heat exchanger includes at least two pipe blocks, juxtaposed in block height direction are arranged. Between the opposite, each on this page last pipes of the respective pipe block are at least two heat-conducting ribs and / or an air gap and / or a thermal insulating block end wall, so that these two heat exchanger tubes as needed largely thermally from each other can be decoupled.

Bei einem nach Anspruch 5 weitergebildeten Wärmeübertrager sind wenigstens zwei Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit in Blocktiefenrichtung, d.h. in der zu den Ebenen der Rohrblöcke senkrechten Richtung, versetzten Rohrblöcken vorgesehen. Zur Realisierung der stirnseitigen Sammelrohrverbindung der beiden Wärmeübertragereinheiten ist ein Sammelrohr der einen Wärmeübertragereinheit mit einem U-Bogen versehen, über den es von der Ebene seines zugehörigen Rohrblocks in die dagegen versetzte Ebene des anderen Rohrblocks geführt ist, in welchem das damit verbundene Sammelrohr des anderen Rohrblocks liegt. Mit dieser Maßnahme können folglich mehrere eigenständige Wärmeübertrager-Rohrblöcke weitestgehend thermisch entkoppelt und insbesondere ohne gemeinsame Wärmeleitrippenverbindung und ohne sonstige gemeinsame Verbindung der Rohrblockkörper in Blocktiefenrichtung versetzt in einer gemeinsamen Baueinheit angeordnet werden. Im Fall eines rohraußenseitig z.B. von Luft durchströmten Rohrblocks ist die Blocktiefenrichtung hierbei parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des rohraußenseitig hindurchgeführten Mediums. In a further developed according to claim 5 heat exchanger are at least two heat exchanger units in the block depth direction, i.e. in the to the levels of the pipe blocks vertical direction, offset pipe blocks provided. to Realization of the end-side manifold connection of the two Heat exchanger units is a manifold of the one Heat exchanger unit provided with a U-bend over the it from the level of its associated pipe block in the opposite staggered plane of the other tube block is guided, in which the associated manifold of the other tube block lies. Consequently, several independent Heat exchanger tube blocks largely thermally decoupled and in particular without common Wärmeleitrippenverbindung and without any other common connection of the tube block body offset in the block depth direction in a common Assembly can be arranged. In the case of a tube outside e.g. air-flowed tube block is the block depth direction parallel to the flow direction of the on the outside of the tube passed medium.

Ein nach Anspruch 6 weitergebildeter Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager beinhaltet wenigstens drei Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit zugehörigen Rohrblöcken, wobei an derselben Seite einer ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit zwei weitere Wärmeübertragereinheiten in Längsrichtung der Wärmeübertragerrohre nebeneinanderliegend angeordnet sind. Die im wesentlichen von der Gesamtlänge der Wärmeübertragerrohre bestimmte Gesamtbreite der beiden weiteren Wärmeübertragereinheiten ist bevorzugt so gewählt, daß sie in etwa der Breite der dritten Wärmeübertragereinheit entspricht, so daß insgesamt eine Baueinheit mit über die Bereiche der verschiedenen Wärmeübertragereinheiten hinweg ungefähr gleichbleibenden Abmessungen gebildet ist. Dies erleichtert zudem das Verbinden je eines Sammelrohres der beiden weiteren Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit einem Sammelrohr der ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit, da die miteinander verbundenen Sammelrohre in diesem Fall weitgehend koaxial zueinander liegen. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung dieses Wärmeübertragers sind gemäß Anspruch 7 die beiden einander zugewandten Sammelräume der beiden weiteren Wärmeübertragereinheiten auf kompakte Weise in ein gemeinsames Sammelrohr mit entsprechender Längstrennwand integriert.A further developed according to claim 6 multi-block heat exchanger includes at least three heat exchanger units with associated pipe blocks, wherein on the same side of a first heat transfer unit two more heat transfer units in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger tubes next to each other are arranged. The essentially of the total length the heat exchanger tubes certain total width of the two further heat exchanger units is preferably selected that it is approximately the width of the third heat exchanger unit corresponds, so that a total of one unit across the areas of the various heat exchanger units is formed approximately constant dimensions. This also facilitates the connection of each manifold the two other heat transfer units with a manifold the first heat exchanger unit, since the one with each other connected collecting pipes in this case largely coaxial with each other lie. In a further embodiment of this heat exchanger are according to claim 7, the two facing each other Collecting chambers of the two other heat transfer units in a compact way in a common manifold with integrated longitudinal partition.

Bei einem nach Anspruch 8 weitergebildeten Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager ist der Querschnitt des Sammelrohres wenigstens einer der Wärmeübertragereinheiten kleiner gewählt als die Breite der zum Aufbau des zugehörigen Rohrblocks verwendeten Flachrohre. Diese münden endseitig mit tordierten Endbereichen in das relativ dünn gehaltene Sammelrohr, das dann stirnseitig in ein Sammelrohr größeren Querschnitts einer benachbarten Wärmeübertragereinheit eingefügt sein kann. Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit solch dünnen Sammelrohren eignen sich besonders für Klimaanlagen mit hohen Betriebsdrücken, wie CO2-Klimaanlagen.In a further developed according to claim 8 multi-block heat exchanger, the cross section of the manifold of at least one of the heat exchanger units is chosen smaller than the width of the flat tubes used to build the associated tube block. These open end with twisted end portions in the relatively thin held manifold, which can then be frontally inserted into a manifold larger cross section of an adjacent heat exchanger unit. Heat exchanger units with such thin manifolds are particularly suitable for air conditioners with high operating pressures, such as CO 2 air conditioners.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden nachfolgend beschrieben. Hierbei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Zweiblock-Wärmeübertragers mit nebeneinanderliegenden Rohrblöcken und stirnseitig verbundenen Sammelrohren,
Fig. 2
eine Längsschnittansicht längs der Linie II-II von Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht eines Dreiblock-Wärmeübertragers mit zwei kleineren, sammelraumseitig aneinandergrenzenden und an einer Seite eines größeren Rohrblocks angeordneten Rohrblöcken,
Fig. 4
eine Querschnittansicht eines gemeinsamen inneren Sammelrohres der zwei sammelraumseitig aneinandergrenzenden Rohrblöcke von Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
eine Perspektivansicht eines Zweiblock-Wärmeübertragers mit in Blocktiefenrichtung versetzt angeordneten Rohrblöcken und
Fig. 6
eine ausschnittweise Seitenansicht des Zweiblock-Wärmeübertragers von Fig. 5.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described below. Hereby show:
Fig. 1
a side view of a two-block heat exchanger with adjacent pipe blocks and frontally connected manifolds,
Fig. 2
a longitudinal sectional view along the line II-II of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
3 shows a side view of a three-block heat exchanger with two smaller tube blocks adjoining on the chamber side and arranged on one side of a larger tube block,
Fig. 4
3 is a cross-sectional view of a common inner manifold of the two manifold side adjacent pipe blocks of Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
a perspective view of a two-block heat exchanger with offset in the block depth direction pipe blocks and
Fig. 6
a partial side view of the two-block heat exchanger of Fig. 5th

In dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Zweiblock-Wärmeübertrager sind zwei Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit in Blockhochrichtung nebeneinanderliegenden Rohr-/Rippenblöcken 1, 2 zu einer gemeinsamen Baueinheit integriert. Der zur einen, ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit gehörige Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 besteht aus mehreren, in Blockhochrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Serpentinenflachrohren 3. Des weiteren weist diese Wärmeübertragereinheit zwei sich entlang gegenüberliegender Blockseiten in Blockhochrichtung erstreckende Sammelrohre 4, 5 auf. Jedes Flachrohr 3 mündet mit je einem Endbereich 3a, 3b in die beiden Sammelrohre, 4, 5, von denen somit je nach Strömungsrichtung das eine zum parallelen Verteilen eines zugeführten Wärmeübertragungsmediums auf die verschiedenen Serpentinenflachrohre 3 und das andere zum Sammeln dieses Wärmeübertragungsmediums dient, wenn es aus den Serpentinenflachrohren austritt. Dabei sind die Serpentinenflachrohre 3 jeweils mit einander zugewandten eintrittsseitigen Bereichen und einander zugewandten austrittsseitigen Bereichen nebeneinander gelegt, um unerwünschte Wärmeübertragungseffekte zwischen einem eintrittsseitigen Bereich des einen und einem austrittsseitigen Bereich des benachbarten Serpentinenflachrohres 3 zu vermeiden. Zwischen benachbarten Serpentinenflachrohren 3 ebenso wie zwischen den einzelnen Windungen jedes Serpentinenflachrohrs 3 sind wärmeleitfähige Wellrippen 16 eingebracht. Die diversen Wellrippen sind hierbei der Übersichtlichkeit halber in Fig. 1 wie auch in den Fig. 3, 5 und 6 nur zu einem kleinen Teil explizit wiedergegeben.In the two-block heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1 are two heat exchanger units with adjacent block in the vertical direction Pipe / rib blocks 1, 2 to a common Integrated unit. First, the first heat exchanger unit associated tube / rib block 1 consists of several, in block height successive serpentine flat tubes 3. Furthermore, this heat exchanger unit has two along opposite block sides in Block Hochrichtung extending manifolds 4, 5 on. each Flat tube 3 opens with one end 3a, 3b in the two Manifolds, 4, 5, of which thus depending on the direction of flow one for parallel distribution of a supplied heat transfer medium on the different serpentine flat tubes 3 and the other for collecting this heat transfer medium serves as it emerges from the serpentine flat tubes. The serpentine flat tubes 3 are each with facing each other on the entrance side areas and each other facing side-facing areas next to each other, to unwanted heat transfer effects between an entrance side Area of one and one exit side Area of the adjacent serpentine flat pipe 3 to avoid. Between adjacent serpentine flat tubes 3 as well as between the individual turns of each serpentine flat tube 3 thermally conductive corrugated fins 16 are introduced. The various corrugated ribs are here for clarity in Fig. 1 as well as in Figs. 3, 5 and 6 only to a small Part explicitly reproduced.

Die beiden Sammelrohre 4, 5 dieser ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit sind mit relativ geringem Außendurchmesser gefertigt, der insbesondere kleiner ist als die Breite der verwendeten Serpentinenflachrohre 3. Aus diesem Grund sind die Flachrohrenden 3a, 3b gegenüber dem Flachrohrmittenbereich um 90° um die Flachrohrlängsachse tordiert in die Sammelrohre 4, 5 eingefügt.The two manifolds 4, 5 of this first heat exchanger unit are made with a relatively small outer diameter, in particular smaller than the width of the used Serpentine flat tubes 3. For this reason, the flat tube ends 3a, 3b with respect to the flat tube center region by 90 ° the flat tube longitudinal axis twisted into the manifolds 4, 5 inserted.

Der Rohr-/Rippenblock 2 der anderen Wärmeübertragereinheit ist aus geradlinigen Flachrohren 6 aufgebaut, wobei zu beiden Seiten jedes geradlinigen Flachrohres 6 je eine wärmeleitende Wellrippe 7 vorgesehen ist. Die geradlinigen Flachrohre 6 münden wiederum an entgegengesetzten Blockseiten in je ein dortiges Sammelrohr 8, 9. Diese beiden Sammelrohre 8, 9 besitzen gegenüber denjenigen der anderen Wärmeübertragereinheit einen größeren Außen- und Innendurchmesser, wobei der Innendurchmesser insbesondere so ausreichend groß gewählt ist, daß die geradlinigen Flachrohre 6 mit nicht tordierten Enden, die quer zur Sammelrohrlängsachse verlaufen, in entsprechende Querschlitze der Sammelrohre 8, 9 eingefügt sind.The tube / fin block 2 of the other heat exchanger unit is constructed of straight flat tubes 6, wherein to both Side of each straight flat tube 6 each have a heat conducting Corrugated rib 7 is provided. The straight-line flat tubes 6 lead in turn on opposite block sides in each one there collection manifold 8, 9. These two manifolds 8, 9 have to those of the other heat exchanger unit a larger outer and inner diameter, wherein the Inner diameter in particular chosen to be sufficiently large is that the rectilinear flat tubes 6 with not twisted Ends which extend transversely to the collection tube longitudinal axis, in corresponding Transverse slots of the manifolds 8, 9 are inserted.

Die beiden Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 1, 2 sind unter Bildung einer gemeinsamen, kompakten Baueinheit derart angeordnet, daß die geradlinigen Flachrohre 6 parallel zu den geradlinigen Abschnitten der Serpentinenflachrohre 3 verlaufen und die beiden am nächsten benachbarten Wärmeübertrager-Rohrabschnitte 6a, 3c der beiden Blöcke 1, 2 über zwei Wellrippenreihen 16a voneinander beabstandet sind, die bei Bedarf z.B. durch einen Luftspalt thermisch weitestgehend voneinander entkoppelt sein können, so daß kein merklicher Wärmeübergang vom einen zum anderen Rohrblock auftritt. An den beiden parallel zu den geradlinigen Flachrohrbereichen verlaufenden Querseiten sind die beiden Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 1, 2 mit je einer zugehörigen Abschlußwand 18a, 18b abgeschlossen.The two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 are to form a common, compact unit arranged such that the rectilinear flat tubes 6 parallel to the rectilinear sections the serpentine flat tubes 3 run and the two nearest adjacent heat exchanger pipe sections 6a, 3c of the two blocks 1, 2 via two corrugated rows 16a spaced from each other, which may be required e.g. through a Air gap thermally be largely decoupled from each other can, so that no noticeable heat transfer from one to other tube block occurs. At the two parallel to the rectilinear Flat tube areas extending transverse sides the two tube / rib blocks 1, 2, each with an associated End wall 18a, 18b completed.

Die beiden Wärmeübertragereinheiten sind primär dadurch aneinander angebaut, daß ihre jeweiligen seitengleichen Sammelrohre 4, 5, 8, 9 ineinandergesteckt und durch Löten oder Schweißen gasdicht miteinander verbunden sind. Eine zusätzliche Fixierung der beiden Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 1, 2 aneinander kann daher bei Bedarf entfallen, was zudem die thermische Entkopplung der beiden Blöcke 1, 2 erleichtert. Um die besagten Sammelrohrverbindungen zu bewerkstelligen, sind die beiden durchmessergrößeren Sammelrohre 8, 9 der einen Wärmeübertragereinheit in ihrem entsprechenden, stirnendseitigen Rohrverbindungsbereich verjüngt.The two heat exchanger units are primarily characterized by each other grown, that their respective same side collecting pipes 4, 5, 8, 9 nested and by soldering or Welding are connected to each other gas-tight. An additional Fixation of the two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 to each other can therefore be omitted if necessary, which also the thermal Decoupling of the two blocks 1, 2 facilitates. To the said Collecting pipe connections to accomplish, are the two larger diameter headers 8, 9 of a heat exchanger unit in their corresponding, front end pipe connection area rejuvenated.

Die Fertigung dieser sich verjüngenden Sammelrohre 8, 9 kann durch ein Einzieh-, Hämmer- oder Aufweitverfahren erfolgen, oder diese Sammelrohre 8, 9 können als Fließpreßteil gefertigt sein, wie dies in der Schnittdarstellung von Fig. 2 angenommen ist. Wie aus Fig. 2 genauer zu erkennen, verjüngt sich das betreffende Sammelrohr 8 von seinem Mittenbereich größeren Querschnitts, der einen zugehörigen Sammelraum 10 definiert, auf einen Stirnendbereich 8a kleineren Querschnitts derart, daß der Innendurchmesser des verjüngten Stirnendbereichs 8a in etwa dem Außendurchmesser des darin stirnseitig eingefügten, dünneren Sammelrohres 5 der anderen Wärmeübertragereinheit entspricht. Der vom dünneren, d.h. durchmesserkleineren Sammelrohr 5 definierte Sammelraum 11 ist vom Sammelraum 10 des anderen Sammelrohrs 8 durch eine Quertrennwand 12 getrennt, die von einem Boden des durchmessergrößeren Sammelrohrs 8 im Übergangsbereich von dessen größerem Querschnitt zum verjüngten Stirnende 8a gebildet ist.The production of these tapered manifolds 8, 9 can by a pulling-in, hammering or flaring method, or these headers 8, 9 can be manufactured as Fließpreßteil be, as assumed in the sectional view of FIG is. As can be seen in more detail from FIG. 2, tapers the relevant collection tube 8 from its center area larger cross-section, the associated collection space 10th defined, on a front end 8a smaller cross section such that the inner diameter of the tapered Stirnendbereichs 8a approximately the outer diameter of the therein inserted at the front, thinner header 5 of the other Heat exchanger unit corresponds. That of the thinner, i. smaller diameter manifold 5 defined collecting space 11th is from the plenum 10 of the other manifold 8 by a Cross partition 12 separated by a bottom of the larger diameter Sammelrohrs 8 in the transition region of the larger Cross-section is formed to the tapered front end 8a.

Der Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager von Fig. 1 ist insbesondere als kombinierter Ölkühler-Gaskühler/Kondensator-Wärmeübertrager in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendbar. Bei dieser Anwendung bildet die Wärmeübertragereinheit mit dem Flachrohrserpentinenblock 1 einen Kondensator oder Gaskühler zur Kondensation bzw. Kühlung eines hochdruckseitigen Kältemittelstroms einer Klimaanlage, während die andere Wärmeübertragereinheit mit dem Rohrblock 1 aus geradlinigen Flachrohren einen Ölkühler zur Kühlung eines in einem Ölkreislauf zirkulierenden Betriebsöls des Kraftfahrzeugs bildet, z.B. in einem Getriebeöl- oder Servoölkreislauf. Diesem Anwendungsfall angepaßt sind die Ölkühler-Sammelrohre 8, 9 mit größerem Querschnitt ausgelegt als die Kältemittel-Sammelrohre 4, 5. Die letztgenannten Sammelrohre 4, 5 definieren auf diese Weise ein relativ kleines Sammelraumvolumen, wie dies für einen Kondensator bzw. Gaskühler erwünscht ist, insbesondere bei Einsatz von Kohlendioxid als Kältemittel. Bei Verwendung dieses Kältemittels hat die Wahl eines relativ geringen Durchmessers für die zugehörigen Sammelrohre 4, 5 zudem den Vorteil, daß sie bei vergleichbarer Wandstärke wie die beiden anderen Sammelrohre 8, 9 sehr druckstabil ausgelegt werden können, so daß sie den bei CO2-Klimaanlagen hochdruckseitig typischerweise auftretenden Drücken problemlos standhalten.The multi-block heat exchanger of Fig. 1 is particularly useful as a combined oil cooler gas cooler / condenser heat exchanger in motor vehicles. In this application, the heat exchanger unit with the Flachrohrserpentinenblock 1 forms a condenser or gas cooler for condensing or cooling a high-pressure side refrigerant flow of an air conditioner, while the other heat exchanger unit with the tube block 1 of straight flat tubes forms an oil cooler for cooling a circulating in an oil circuit operating oil of the motor vehicle, eg in a transmission oil or servo oil circuit. Adapted to this application, the oil cooler manifolds 8, 9 designed with a larger cross section than the refrigerant manifolds 4, 5. The latter manifolds 4, 5 define in this way a relatively small collection chamber volume, as is desirable for a condenser or gas cooler, especially when using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. When using this refrigerant, the choice of a relatively small diameter for the associated manifolds 4, 5 also has the advantage that they can be designed very pressure stable at comparable wall thickness as the other two manifolds 8, 9, so that they are in CO 2 air conditioners high pressure side typically withstand pressures easily withstand.

Der Zusammenbau der beiden Wärmeübertragereinheiten zu der gemeinsamen Baueinheit kann zum einen dadurch erfolgen, daß zunächst beide Wärmeübertragereinheiten, d.h. der jeweilige Rohr-/Rippenblock 1, 2 mit den zugehörigen seitlichen Sammelrohren 4, 5, 8, 9, getrennt aufgebaut und gelötet und anschließend die beiden vorgefertigten Wärmeübertragereinheiten durch Ineinanderstecken der seitengleichen Sammelrohre 4, 9 bzw. 5, 8 und festes Verbinden derselben z.B. durch einen Löt- oder Schweißvorgang aneinander fixiert werden. Alternativ kann die gesamte Baueinheit aus den beiden Wärmeübertragereinheiten gemeinsam aufgebaut und anschließend in einem einzigen Löt- oder Schweißprozeß gelötet bzw. geschweißt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Vorteil, wenn im Sammelrohrverbindungsbereich die Innenseite des äußeren Sammelrohres 8, 9 und/oder die Außenseite des inneren Sammelrohres 4, 5 lotplattiert ist, so daß bei dem Lötprozeß in einem geeigneten Lötofen zugleich auch die feste stirnseitige Verbindung der seitengleichen Sammelrohre 4, 9 bzw. 5, 8 durch Zusammenlöten bewirkt werden kann.The assembly of the two heat exchanger units to the common structural unit can be done firstly by the fact that first both heat exchanger units, i. the respective one Pipe / rib block 1, 2 with the associated side collecting pipes 4, 5, 8, 9, separated and soldered and then the two prefabricated heat exchanger units by nesting the same side collecting pipes 4, 9th or 5, 8 and firmly connecting the same e.g. through a Soldering or welding are fixed together. alternative can the entire assembly of the two heat exchanger units built together and then in one single soldering or welding process to be soldered or welded. In this context, it is advantageous if in the manifold connection area the inside of the outer manifold 8, 9 and / or the outside of the inner manifold 4, 5 is solder plated, so that in the soldering process in a suitable Soldering furnace at the same time also the solid frontal connection the same side manifolds 4, 9 and 5, 8 by soldering together can be effected.

Es versteht sich, daß die beiden nebeneinanderliegenden Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit zugehörigen, nicht gezeigten Anschlußstrukturen versehen sind, über die das jeweilige Wärmeübertragungsmedium in das eine Sammelrohr axial oder radial zugeführt und aus dem jeweils gegenüberliegenden Sammelrohr wiederum axial oder radial abgeführt werden kann.It is understood that the two adjacent heat exchanger units with associated terminal structures, not shown are provided, over which the respective heat transfer medium in the one collecting tube axially or radially supplied and from the respective opposite manifold in turn can be removed axially or radially.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Variante des Ausführungsbeispiels von Fig. 1, die einen Dreiblock-Wärmeübertrager bildet, wobei für funktionell gleiche Komponenten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet sind und insoweit auf die obige Beschreibung zu Fig. 1 verwiesen werden kann. So beinhaltet der Dreiblock-Wärmeübertrager von Fig. 3 dieselbe Wärmeübertragereinheit mit dem Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 aus serpentinenförmigen Flachrohren 3 und kleinvolumigen, seitlichen Sammelrohren 4, 5, wie sie z.B. als Gaskühler einer CO2-Klimaanlage geeignet ist. Anstelle des zweiten Rohr-/Rippenblocks 2 von Fig. 1 sind beim Wärmeübertrager von Fig. 3 zwei Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 2a, 2b mit dem aus den serpentinenförmigen Flachrohren 3 aufgebauten Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 kombiniert. Dabei ist die Länge der für die beiden weiteren Blöcke 2a, 2b verwendeten Flachrohre 19a, 19b jeweils etwa halb so groß gewählt wie die Länge der geradlinigen Abschnitte der Serpentinenflachrohre 3. Die beiden weiteren Blöcke 2a, 2b sind zum einen entlang einer jeweiligen inneren Sammelrohrseite aneinander anliegend und zum anderen mit einer zur Flachrohrerstreckung parallelen Seite in Blockhochrichtung jeweils benachbart zu einer gemeinsamen Seite des Serpentinenrohr-/Rippenblocks 1 angeordnet, so daß sich insgesamt eine kompakte, quaderförmige Baueinheit mit in Blockhochrichtung in etwa gleichbleibender Breite ergibt.Fig. 3 shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1, which forms a triblock heat exchanger, wherein the same reference numerals are used for functionally identical components and to that extent can be made to the above description of FIG. Thus, the three-block heat exchanger of Fig. 3 includes the same heat exchanger unit with the tube / rib block 1 of serpentine flat tubes 3 and small-volume, lateral manifolds 4, 5, as it is suitable for example as a gas cooler CO 2 -Air conditioning. In the heat exchanger of FIG. 3, instead of the second tube / fin block 2 of FIG. 1, two tube / fin blocks 2 a, 2 b are combined with the tube / fin block 1 constructed from the serpentine flat tubes 3. In this case, the length of the flat tubes 19a, 19b used for the two further blocks 2a, 2b is in each case selected to be approximately half the length of the straight sections of the serpentine flat tubes 3. The two further blocks 2a, 2b are adjacent to one another along a respective inner header side adjacent and arranged on the other with a side parallel to the flat tube extension in block height direction each adjacent to a common side of the serpentine tube / rib block 1, so that overall results in a compact, cuboidal unit in block height direction approximately constant width.

Nach außen münden die geradlinigen Flachrohre 19a, 19b der beiden weiteren, kleineren Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 2a, 2b in Sammelrohre 8a, 9a, die den korrespondierenden, durchmessergrößeren Sammelrohren 8, 9 von Fig. 1 entsprechen. Nach innen münden die geradlinigen Flachrohre 19a, 19b an den zugewandten Seiten der beiden kleineren Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 2a, 2b in zwei dortige Sammelräume 20, 21, die von einem gemeinsamen Sammelrohr 22 gebildet sind, wie aus der zugehörigen Querschnittansicht von Fig. 4 zu erkennen. Dieses zweikanalige Sammelrohr 22 kann z.B. als extrudiertes Rohr gefertigt sein und weist eine mittige Längstrennwand 23 auf, die den Rohrinnenraum in die beiden getrennten, längs verlaufenden Sammelräume 20, 21 aufteilt.Outwardly open the straight-line flat tubes 19a, 19b of two other, smaller tube / rib blocks 2a, 2b in headers 8a, 9a, the corresponding, larger diameter Collecting tubes 8, 9 of Fig. 1 correspond. Inside open the straight-line flat tubes 19a, 19b to the facing Side of the two smaller tube / rib blocks 2a, 2b in two local collecting spaces 20, 21, of a common Collection tube 22 are formed, as from the associated cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 can be seen. This two-channel Collection tube 22 may be e.g. be made as an extruded tube and has a central longitudinal partition wall 23, which the pipe interior in the two separate, longitudinal collecting spaces 20, 21 divides.

Jeder der beiden kleineren Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 2a, 2b ist über sein äußeres Sammelrohr 8a, 9a mit dem seitengleichen Sammelrohr 4, 5 der größeren Wärmeübertragereinheit und folglich zusammen mit deren Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 zu der gemeinsamen Baueinheit verbunden. Die stirnseitigen Verbindungen der seitengleichen Sammelrohre 4, 9a bzw. 5, 8a entsprechen denjenigen von Fig. 1, worauf verwiesen werden kann. Nur bei Bedarf kann eine zusätzliche Fixierung der beiden kleineren Blöcke 2a, 2b am größeren Block 1 über eine dann vorzugsweise thermisch isolierend ausgelegte Verbindung zwischen den beiden gegenüberliegenden Wellrippenreihen 16b vorgesehen sein, z.B. in Form einer thermisch isolierenden Zwischenwand. An der in Blockhochrichtung freien Außenseite sind die beiden kleineren Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 2a, 2b mit je einer Abschlußwand 18c, 18d versehen. Each of the two smaller tube / rib blocks 2a, 2b is over its outer manifold 8a, 9a with the same side manifold 4, 5 of the larger heat exchanger unit and therefore together with their tube / rib block 1 to the common Unit connected. The frontal connections of the same side Collecting tubes 4, 9a and 5, 8a correspond to those of Fig. 1, to which reference may be made. Only if required can be an additional fixation of the two smaller blocks 2a, 2b at the larger block 1 via a then preferably thermally insulating designed connection between the two opposite corrugated rows 16b may be provided, e.g. in the form of a thermally insulating partition. At the in Block height free outside are the two smaller ones Tube / rib blocks 2a, 2b, each with a closure wall 18c, 18d Mistake.

Wie im Beispiel von Fig. 1 sind auch beim Wärmeübertrager von Fig. 3 die geradlinigen Flachrohre 19a, 19b der beiden kleineren Blöcke 2a, 2b mit größerem Durchtrittsquerschnitt gebildet als die Serpentinenflachrohre 3, was ihn in gleicher Weise zur Verwendung in Kraftfahrzeugen dergestalt geeignet macht, daß die Wärmeübertragereinheit mit dem Serpentinenflachrohrblock 1 als Kondensator oder Gaskühler z.B. einer CO2-Klimaanlage und die beiden anderen Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit den geradlinigen Flachrohren 2a, 2b und den durchmessergrößeren Sammelrohren 8a, 9a, 22 als Ölkühler eingesetzt werden, z.B. der eine als Getriebeölkühler und der andere als Servoölkühler. Für die beiden kleineren Wärmeübertragereinheiten sind in Fig. 3 beispielhafte Anschlußstrukturen in Form je eines radialen Anschlusses 24, 25 zu den beiden äußeren Sammelrohren 8a, 9a und je eines axialen Anschlusses 26, 27 zum jeweiligen inneren Sammelraum 20, 21 angedeutet.1, the straight flat tubes 19a, 19b of the two smaller blocks 2a, 2b with a larger passage cross section than the serpentine flat tubes 3 are also formed in the heat exchanger of FIG. 3, which makes it equally suitable for use in motor vehicles in such a way, that the heat exchanger unit with the Serpentinenflachrohrblock 1 as a condenser or gas cooler eg a CO 2 air conditioning and the other two heat exchanger units with the straight flat tubes 2a, 2b and the larger diameter headers 8a, 9a, 22 are used as oil cooler, for example one as transmission oil cooler and the other than servo oil cooler. For the two smaller heat exchanger units, exemplary connection structures in the form of one radial connection 24, 25 to the two outer collection tubes 8a, 9a and one axial connection 26, 27 to the respective inner collecting space 20, 21 are indicated in FIG.

Im übrigen gelten die oben zum Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 1 angegebenen Vorteile und Eigenschaften, insbesondere auch was die möglichen Herstellungsvarianten betrifft, in analoger Weise für den Dreiblock-Wärmeübertrager von Fig. 3.Otherwise, the above apply to the embodiment of FIG. 1st specified advantages and properties, especially what the possible manufacturing variants are concerned, in analogous Way for the triblock heat exchanger of Fig. 3rd

In Fig. 5 ist eine weitere Variante des Beispiels von Fig. 1 dargestellt, bei der wiederum funktionell gleiche Komponenten mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind und insoweit auf die obige Beschreibung von Fig. 1 verwiesen werden kann. Das Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 5, dort mit einem weggeschnittenen Eckbereich gezeigt, stellt ebenfalls einen Zweiblock-Wärmeübertrager dar, bei dem die gleichen beiden Rohr-/Rippenblöcke 1, 2 wie im Beispiel von Fig. 1 verwendet sind, die hier jedoch nicht in Blockhochrichtung nebeneinander, sondern in Blocktiefenrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind, d.h. der kleinere Rohr-/Rippenblock 2 mit den geradlinigen Flachrohren 6 liegt in Richtung des rohraußenseitig durch die beiden Blöcke 1, 2 hindurchgeleiteten Strömungsmediums, wie z.B. Luft, vor oder hinter dem größeren Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 mit den Serpentinenflachrohren 3. FIG. 5 shows a further variant of the example of FIG. 1 represented, in turn, functionally the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and in so far on the above description of Fig. 1 can be referenced. The Embodiment of Fig. 5, there with a cut away Corner shown, also provides a two-block heat exchanger in which the same two tube / rib blocks 1, 2 are used as in the example of Fig. 1, the Here, however, not in block upright next to each other, but are arranged one behind the other in the block depth direction, i. the smaller tube / rib block 2 with the straight flat tubes 6 lies in the direction of the rohraußenseitig by the two Blocks 1, 2 passed through flow medium, such. Air, in front of or behind the larger tube / rib block 1 with the serpentine flat tubes 3.

Der kleinere Rohr-/Rippenblock 2 ist an den größeren Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 allein über die beiden seitlichen Sammelrohrverbindungen angebaut. Dabei entsprechen die beiden Sammelrohre 8, 9 größeren Querschnitts für den kleineren Rohr-/Rippenblock 2 denjenigen von Fig. 1. Hingegen sind für die Serpentinenflachrohr-Wärmeübertragereinheit modifizierte Sammelrohre 4a, 5a verwendet, die sich von den beiden korrespondierenden Sammelrohren 4, 5 des Wärmeübertragers von Fig. 1 dadurch unterscheiden, daß sie an der in Fig. 5 oberen Blockseite zu einem U-Bogen 4b, 5b um 180° so umgebogen sind, daß ihr umgebogener Endbereich jeweils koaxial zum seitengleichen, durchmessergrößeren Sammelrohr 8, 9 des kleineren Rohr-/Rippenblocks 2 zu liegen kommt und in dessen verjüngtes Stirnende 8a, 9a fluiddicht eingefügt ist. Im übrigen entsprechen die beiden Sammelrohrverbindungen denjenigen von Fig. 1. Auch ansonsten gelten für den Wärmeübertrager von Fig. 5 die oben zum Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 1 erwähnten Vorteile und Eigenschaften analog.The smaller tube / fin block 2 is at the larger tube / rib block 1 alone via the two lateral header connections grown. The two manifolds correspond 8, 9 larger cross section for the smaller tube / rib block 2 those of Fig. 1. On the other hand are for the Serpentine flat tube heat exchanger unit modified manifolds 4a, 5a used, which differ from the two Collecting pipes 4, 5 of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 differ in that they are at the upper in Fig. 5 block side to a U-bend 4b, 5b are bent over by 180 ° so that their bent end area in each case coaxial to the same side, larger diameter collection tube 8, 9 of the smaller Tube / rib block 2 comes to rest and in the tapered Front end 8a, 9a is inserted fluid-tight. Otherwise correspond the two manifold connections those of Fig. 1. Also apply to the heat exchanger of Fig. 5 mentioned above for the embodiment of Fig. 1 Advantages and properties analog.

Wie insbesondere aus der ausschnittweisen Seitenansicht von Fig. 6 ersichtlich, ragt der in Blocktiefenrichtung zum größeren Rohr-/Rippenblock 1 versetzte kleinere Rohr-/Rippenblock 2 in Blockhochrichtung nicht über den größeren Block 1 hinaus, so daß durch die Ankopplung des kleineren Blocks 2 kein über den größeren Block 1 hinausgehender Bauraum in der Ebene senkrecht zur Blocktiefenrichtung benötigt wird. Beide Blöcke 1, 2 liegen in diesem Fall in Blockhochrichtung beidseits frei und sind dort je nach Bedarf auf einer oder beiden Seiten mit zugehörigen Abschlußwänden versehen, in Fig. 5 z.B. an der jeweils unteren Blockseite mit den entsprechenden Abschlußwänden 18a, 18b von Fig. 1.As in particular from the fragmentary side view of Fig. 6 can be seen protrudes in the block depth direction to the larger Tube / Rib Block 1 offset smaller tube / rib block 2 in block up direction not over the larger one Block 1 addition, so that by the coupling of the smaller Blocks 2 no over the larger block 1 addition space needed in the plane perpendicular to the block depth direction becomes. Both blocks 1, 2 are in this case in Blockhochrichtung free on both sides and are there as needed on one or provided with associated end walls on both sides, in Fig. 5 e.g. at the bottom of the block with the corresponding end walls 18a, 18b of Fig. 1st

Die gezeigten und oben erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiele machen deutlich, daß der erfindungsgemäße Mehrblock-Wärmeübertrager eine Integration von zwei oder mehr Wärmeübertragereinheiten in einer gemeinsamen Baueinheit beinhaltet, wobei die Wärmeübertragereinheiten ausschließlich oder jedenfalls primär über stirnseitige Verbindungen zugehöriger Sammelrohre aneinandergebaut sind. Dies erlaubt ein flexibles Zusammenbauen unterschiedlicher weiterer Wärmeübertragereinheiten an eine jeweils erste Wärmeübertragereinheit. Während bei den gezeigten Beispielen eine oder zwei weitere Wärmeübertragereinheiten in nur einem Seitenbereich einer ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit an diese angekoppelt sind, ist es selbstverständlich möglich, eine solche Ankopplung einer oder mehrerer weiterer Wärmeübertragereinheiten an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten der ersten Wärmeübertragereinheit vorzusehen. Zudem können bei Bedarf jede beliebige Anzahl von Wärmeübertragereinheiten mit zugehörigen Rohrblöcken in Blockhochrichtung nebeneinanderliegend angeordnet und jeweils über seitengleiche, stirnseitige Sammelrohrverbindungen aneinander befestigt und auf diese Weise zu einer gemeinsamen, integrierten Baueinheit verbunden sein.The embodiments shown and explained above make clearly that the multi-block heat exchanger according to the invention an integration of two or more heat exchanger units in a common unit, wherein the heat exchanger units exclusively or at least primarily via end connections of associated manifolds are built together. This allows a flexible Assembling different additional heat exchanger units to a respective first heat exchanger unit. While in the examples shown, one or two further heat transfer units in only one page area of a first Heat exchanger unit are coupled to this, it is Of course possible, such a coupling of one or several further heat transfer units at two opposite Provide sides of the first heat exchanger unit. In addition, if required, any number of heat transfer units with associated pipe blocks in Blockhochrichtung arranged side by side and each above same-side, end-side manifold connections to each other attached and in this way to a common, integrated Unit be connected.

Claims (8)

  1. Multicore heat transfer unit comprising
    a first heat exchanger, which incorporates a first heat transfer tube core (1) with at least one first lateral collecting chamber (11) and through which a first heat transfer medium passes, and
    a second heat exchanger mounted on the first heat exchanger, which incorporates a second heat transfer tube core (2) with at least one second lateral collecting chamber (10) and through which a second heat transfer medium passes,
    characterised in that
    each of the first and second collecting chambers (10, 11) is represented by a separate collecting tube (4, 9), and in that
    the end faces of the two collecting tubes are plugged together and connected in a fluid-tight way, the external cross-section of one collecting tube (4) in this connecting area essentially corresponding to the internal cross-section of the other collecting tube (9) and the two collecting chambers (10, 11) being separated by a transverse partition (12).
  2. Multicore heat transfer unit according to claim 1, further characterised in that the outer collecting tube (9) tapers from a larger middle area cross-section towards a smaller connecting area cross-section in the connecting area and is produced by necking, swaging or expanding or as an extruded part.
  3. Multicore heat transfer unit according to claim 1 or 2, further characterised in that the outer collecting tube (9) is solder-plated on the inside or the inner collecting tube (4) is solder-plated on the outside in the connecting area.
  4. Multicore heat transfer unit according to any of claims 1 to 3, further characterised in that the two tube cores (1, 2) are arranged adjacent to one another in the vertical core direction, with at least two heat conducting fins (16a) and/or an air gap and/or a heat insulating core end wall being provided between the two nearest adjacent heat transfer tubes (6a, 3c) of the one and the other tube core (1, 2).
  5. Multicore heat transfer unit according to any of claims 1 to 3, further
    characterised in that
    the two tube cores (1, 2) are arranged offset in the direction of core depth, and in that
    one of the two collecting tubes (4a, -9) is provided with a U-bend via which it is routed from the plane of the associated tube core to the connecting area in the plane of the other tube core.
  6. Multicore heat transfer unit according to any of claims 1 to 5, further characterised in that at least two further heat exchangers with tube cores (2a, 2b) and lateral collecting tubes (8b, 9b, 22) are mounted on the first heat exchanger, the two further heat exchangers being arranged opposite one another along an inner collecting chamber side and adjacent to one another in the vertical core direction of the first heat exchanger, and the end face of one outer collecting tube (8b, 9b) each being connected to a collecting tube (4, 5) of the first heat exchanger.
  7. Multicore heat transfer unit according to claim 6, further characterised in that the two further heat exchangers have a common inner two-channel collecting tube (22) with two separate collecting chambers (20, 21) separated by a longitudinal partition (23).
  8. Multicore heat transfer unit according to any of claims 1 to 7, further characterised in that the tube core (1) of the first heat exchanger is made up from flat tubes (3), the twisted ends (3a, 3b) of which are inserted into lateral collecting tubes (4, 5) with an internal diameter smaller than the flat tube width.
EP00915170A 1999-04-06 2000-03-07 Multiblock heat-transfer system Expired - Lifetime EP1166025B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19915389 1999-04-06
DE19915389A DE19915389A1 (en) 1999-04-06 1999-04-06 Multi-block heat exchanger
PCT/EP2000/001966 WO2000060298A1 (en) 1999-04-06 2000-03-07 Multiblock heat-transfer system

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EP1166025A1 EP1166025A1 (en) 2002-01-02
EP1166025B1 true EP1166025B1 (en) 2005-08-10

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US (1) US6810949B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1166025B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002541423A (en)
AT (1) ATE301813T1 (en)
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DE (2) DE19915389A1 (en)
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WO2000060298A1 (en) 2000-10-12
DE19915389A1 (en) 2000-10-12
ES2246839T3 (en) 2006-03-01
DE50010925D1 (en) 2005-09-15
EP1166025A1 (en) 2002-01-02
US6810949B1 (en) 2004-11-02
JP2002541423A (en) 2002-12-03
AU3657400A (en) 2000-10-23
ATE301813T1 (en) 2005-08-15

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