EP1153172A1 - Procede et systeme pour couler les fondations d'un pylone - Google Patents

Procede et systeme pour couler les fondations d'un pylone

Info

Publication number
EP1153172A1
EP1153172A1 EP00901053A EP00901053A EP1153172A1 EP 1153172 A1 EP1153172 A1 EP 1153172A1 EP 00901053 A EP00901053 A EP 00901053A EP 00901053 A EP00901053 A EP 00901053A EP 1153172 A1 EP1153172 A1 EP 1153172A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixture plate
concrete
pull
anchoring
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00901053A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Teddy Norre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neg Micon AS
Original Assignee
Neg Micon AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neg Micon AS filed Critical Neg Micon AS
Publication of EP1153172A1 publication Critical patent/EP1153172A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
    • E04H12/085—Details of flanges for tubular masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2220/00—Temporary installations or constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0007—Production methods using a mold
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved method of casting a foundation for a tower providing a high quality contact surface for the bottom part of the tower
  • the invention is highly suitable for making foundations for towers for wind turbines with substantially horizontal rotor axes because such towers are subjected to a strong horizontal force near the top and are thus very demanding for the foundations
  • the invention also relates to a fixture assembly for fixing the upper ends of anchoring rods during casting of the foundation and making a recess in the concrete of the foundation for accommodating a bottom flange of the tower
  • Tower foundations having anchoring rods protruding upwardly from a concrete block for fastening the tower are commonly made by fixing the upper end of the rods with a fixture plate before the concrete is poured into the excavation in which the anchoring rods are placed
  • the surface of the concrete is levelled by hand and the fixture plate is not in contact with the concrete
  • the fixture plate is removed after hardening of the concrete for reuse
  • the area where the bottom flange of the tower will be placed is covered with a layer of expanding concrete where after the bottom flange is positioned on top of the expanding concrete A proper supporting surface for the bottom flange is provided in this way, but the procedure adds another 2-3 days of work to the making of the foundation
  • the fixture plate may also be cast into the concrete foundation, thereby providing a proper supporting surface for the bottom flange of the tower
  • the very precise manufacture of the fixture plate makes this option costly
  • WO 96/16232 discloses a tower foundation in which a template of a shape similar to the bottom flange of the tower is partly submerged by liquid concrete during casting of the foundation, before and during which the template is supported at the lower surface by nuts on anchoring rods extending through the template and by a structure above the template which structure is supported by feet in abutting contact with the ground away from the template and the foundation
  • the template is subsequent to the hardening of the concrete lifted off the foundation leaving a suitable recess for the bottom flange of the tower
  • the nuts must be either removed or displaced further down below the level of the bottom flange because the nuts would hinder pre-stretching of the anchoring rods if they are in abutment with the bottom flange This leads to large voids in the horizontal surface of the recess and thus a less support of the flange
  • the template is very difficult to detach and lift off without permanently bending the template and hinder the reuse of the template
  • the present invention relates to a method of casting a foundation for a tower, comprising the steps of positioning a plurality of anchoring rods substantially vertical in a ground excavation, positioning a fixture assembly at an upper end of the excavation, the assembly comprising a fixture plate and at least two, preferably at least three, pull-off means, the fixture plate having a number of openings defined therein though which the plurality of anchoring rods extends each through one of said openings so that an upper end of each anchoring rod protrudes upwardly from an upper surface of the fixture plate, the fixture plate being positioned so that a lower surface thereof is situated substantially horizontal at an upper end of the excavation the fixture plate being fully supported in said position by said pull-off means being positioned above the fixture plate and each engaging with said upper end of at least one anchoring rod, pouring liquid concrete into and filling the excavation to a horizontal level so that the fixture plate is partly submerged in the concrete, and allowing the concrete to harden, where after the fixture plate is pulled off from the concrete, leaving a recess formed in
  • anchoring rods usually means steel rods having a circular cross-section but is understood to include rods of other cross-sections, such as I beams, angle bars , tubes of various shapes, such as round, square, triangular, etc , but also steel wires and wires or ropes made from fibre-reinforces elastic or plastic materials, such as carbon fibres, glass fibres and/or Kevlar fibres
  • the fixture plate is preferably, prior to being pulled off, detached from the hardened concrete by means of the pull-off means so that the force for detaching or loosening the fixture plate only is used over a short vertical travelling distance of the fixture plate so as to prevent the plate from becoming permanently deformed
  • the pull-off means are connected to the fixture plate by means of adjustable connecting means that may displace the fixture plate relatively to the individual pull-off means, the detachment being performed by displacing the fixture plate upwardly towards the pull-off means by means of adjusting said connecting means
  • the fixture plate may advantageously subsequent to the pouring of the concrete and when the concrete is still liquid be displaced from the initial position upwards and downwards at least once by means of the pull-off means, ending up substantially at the initial position
  • the method advantageously further comprises the step of vibrating the liquid concrete in the excavation
  • the dimensions of the fixture plate as projected on a horizontal plane preferably exceed the corresponding dimensions of the bottom flange of the tower, so that a vertical groove being 5-40 mm, such as 10-30 mm, preferably 15-25 mm wide will be formed between the edges of the recess formed in the concrete and the vertical sides of the bottom flange of the tower when said flange is positioned in the recess
  • This groove may accommodate a sealing material to prevent water from seeping in between the bottom flange of the tower and the support surface
  • the method may further comprise the step of positioning an anchoring plate at a lower part of the excavation, securing the anchoring plate to another founding structure being positioned below the anchoring plate and securing a lower part of each anchoring rod to the anchoring plate
  • the fixture plate has a conical cross-section as seen in a vertical section so as to allow for the fixture plate to be pulled off from the concrete, and at least some of the sides of the fixture plate may therefore be inwardly inclined 5-45 degrees, such as 8-15 degrees and preferably about 10 degrees to vertical
  • the fixture plate is preferably ring shaped and suitable dimensions for the application of the present invention are an outer diameter of 1 5-12 meters and an inner diameter of 1 1-9 5 meters, the difference between the inner and the outer diameter being in the range from 0 4 to 2 5 meters.
  • the plurality of anchoring rods should be distributed evenly around the fixture plate so that they make take up forces on the tower coming from any side
  • the number of anchoring rods are preferably from 64 to 256, such as from 96 to 200 It is an advantage for symmetry reasons that the number of rods is a multiple of eight
  • the present invention further relates to an assembly comprising a fixture plate having a number of openings defined therein through which a plurality of parallel anchoring rods may extend, each through one of said openings, and at least two, preferably at least three, pull-off means, each having organs for engaging with an upper end of at least one of said anchoring rod extending from an upper surface of the fixture plate, and each having connecting means for connecting to the fixture plate so as to fully support the fixture plate when being arranged in a substantially vertical position
  • This assembly is designed to be used with the method according to the invention as described above and may have the disclosed features
  • Each anchoring rod is advantageously provided with external thread at least at the part protruding above the fixture plate, and the fixture plate may be provided with pull-off means mounted thereon for pulling off the fixture plate from the concrete, said pull-off means being adapted for interacting with some of the anchoring rods during the step in which the fixture plate is pulled off, which step is effected by the turning of nuts being arranged on said anchoring rods and being at an upper surface of said nuts in abutting contact with said pull-off means, so that an upward force is applied to the pull-off means and thereby the fixture plate
  • the anchoring plate may furthermore be fixed to another founding structure being positioned below the anchoring plate, such as a vertical foundation plate made from concrete and placed 1 5-5 meters, such as 2-4 meters, below the surface of the ground and with a side length of 8-25 meters, such as 12-20 meters
  • the underlying foundation may comprise piles that are driven into the ground.
  • FIGs. 1-8 An embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 1-8 of which
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the assembled fixture plate, anchoring rods and anchoring plate
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the fixture plate
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of one side of the fixture plate
  • Fig. 4 is a top view and Fig. 5 is a side view of a pull-off device as mounted on the fixture plate and the anchoring rods,
  • Fig. 6 is a side view of a pull-off device with measures
  • Fig. 7 shows a vertical cross-section of one side of the bottom flange of the tower
  • Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-section of the bottom flange of the tower as mounted in the recess in the concrete.
  • a vertical cross-section of the assembled fixture plate 1 , anchoring rods 2 and anchoring plate 3 is shown in Fig. 1.
  • a pull-off device 4 mounted on the fixture plate 1 is shown in the circle and details of the pull-off device 4 are shown in Figs. 4-6.
  • the assembling is placed in an excavation and is ready for the concrete to be poured into the excavation.
  • the anchoring plate 3 is fastened with anchoring means 5 to a vertical 14 x 14 meter foundation plate made from concrete and placed 2.5-3 meters below the surface of the ground.
  • the underlying foundation may comprise piles that are driven into the ground.
  • the anchoring rods 2 are at a lower end fastened to the anchoring plate 3 and are at an upper end provided with external thread so that the fixture plate 1 can be fastened to the rods 2 with nuts 6.
  • the fixture plate 1 is ring shaped as seen from the top as shown in Fig 2
  • the 144 anchoring rods 2 extend through holes 7 that are evenly distributed in two rows in the fixture plate 1
  • the fixture plate 1 is further provided with six holes 8 with internal thread for mounting of the pull-off devices 4
  • a cross-section of one side of the fixture plate is shown in Fig 3 with measures indicating the distance between the given position and the same position on the other side of the fixture ring, so that the outer diameter of the plate 1 is given as 3381 millimetres
  • the height of the fixture plate is 40 millimetres and the plate is submerged 30-40 mm into the concrete during casting of the foundation which has shown to be a suitable dept for the voids in the concrete around the fixture plate 1 to be removed or delimited during vibration of the liquid concrete, and the fixture plate 1 is still possible to remove after hardening of the concrete
  • a deeper submersion dept may be chosen for larger diameters of the fixture plate 1
  • the outer edges 9 of the fixture plate 1 are inwardly inclined 10 degrees to vertical in order to ease the removal of the plate 1 from the hardened concrete
  • Fig 4 is a top view and Fig 5 is a side view of a pull-off device 4 as mounted on the fixture plate 1 and the anchoring rods 2
  • Fig 6 shows a side view of the pull-off device 4 with measures
  • the pull-of device 4 is mounted with a bolt 10 into a hole 8 in the fixture plate 1
  • the hole 8 is provided with internal thread and is closed at the lower end with a plug 11 so that the lower surface of the fixture plate 1 is as smooth as possible
  • the pull- off device 4 has four holes 12 giving room for four anchoring rods 2 to pass
  • the pull-off device is connected to the anchoring rods 2 with one nut 13 above the device 4 and one nut 14 below
  • the fixture plate 1 is pulled off from the foundation by removing the upper nuts 13 and turning of the lower nuts 14 so that the pull-off devices 4 and thereby the fixture plate 1 are lifted relative to the anchoring rods 2
  • the bolt 10 is replaced with a bar having external thread at both ends and a nut situated above the upper surface of the
  • Fig 7 shows a vertical cross-section of one side of the bottom flange 15 of the tower 16
  • Fig 8 is a vertical cross-section of the bottom flange 15 of the tower 16 as mounted in the recess in the concrete 17
  • the recess is wider than the bottom flange 15, leaving a vertical groove 18 of about 20 millimetres between the vertical sides of the bottom flange 15 and the sides of the recess
  • the groove 18 is filled with a resilient filler 19 and sealed with a water tight sealing material
  • the anchoring rods 2 are pre-stretched 2 5 millimetres from their original length of 1 5 meters with a hydraulic tool before the nuts are tightened for fastening the bottom flange 15 to the foundation A pre-stretching of 1-2

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un système de gabarit permettant de couler les fondations d'un pylône (16), en particulier d'une éolienne en vue de produire une surface de contact très performante pour la base d'arrimage (15) du pylône (16). Ce procédé consiste à placer plusieurs tiges d'ancrage (2) dans un espace excavé et un système de gabarit à une extrémité supérieure de l'espace excavé, pour que les tiges d'ancrage (2) traversent des ouvertures ménagées dans une plaque gabarit (1), laquelle est entièrement soutenue par au moins trois organes de retrait (4) au-dessus de la plaque gabarit (1) et coopérant chacun avec l'extrémité supérieure des quatre tiges d'ancrage (2). Du béton liquide (17) est déversé dans l'espace excavé jusqu'à un niveau horizontal tel que la plaque gabarit (1) est partiellement immergée dans le béton (17), et après durcissement, la plaque gabarit (1) est retirée du béton (17) au moyen des organes de retrait (4), laissant ainsi dans le béton (17) un évidement apte à recevoir la base d'arrimage (15) du pylône (16).
EP00901053A 1999-01-22 2000-01-24 Procede et systeme pour couler les fondations d'un pylone Withdrawn EP1153172A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA199900082 1999-01-22
DK990082 1999-01-22
PCT/DK2000/000030 WO2000043599A1 (fr) 1999-01-22 2000-01-24 Procede et systeme pour couler les fondations d'un pylone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1153172A1 true EP1153172A1 (fr) 2001-11-14

Family

ID=8089533

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00901053A Withdrawn EP1153172A1 (fr) 1999-01-22 2000-01-24 Procede et systeme pour couler les fondations d'un pylone

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1153172A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2093200A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000043599A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004017006B4 (de) 2004-04-02 2012-03-29 Aloys Wobben Verfahren zum Errichten eines Turmes
CN100381698C (zh) * 2005-03-11 2008-04-16 曾碚凯 小功率垂直轴风力发电机
CA2647804A1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-23 Organoworld Inc. Tour d'eolienne et methode de construction
EP2224062B9 (fr) * 2009-02-26 2015-10-28 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Fondation d'une éolienne et procédé de fabrication d'une fondation pour éolienne
ES2405034B1 (es) * 2011-11-17 2014-04-15 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Procedimiento y unidad para la fijación de una torre de un aerogenerador a una cimentación y aerogenerador que incorpora dicha unidad
CN106592622A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2017-04-26 长安大学 一种基于环形砼带竖向预应力的风机基础结构
CN106638733A (zh) * 2017-03-07 2017-05-10 长安大学 一种增设水平钢筋的风机基础加固方法
CN110616732B (zh) * 2019-09-26 2021-05-04 江苏金风科技有限公司 用于锚栓笼的紧固调平装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2724398A1 (de) * 1977-05-28 1978-11-30 Ernst August Wezel Verfahren zum herstellen eines fundamentes, insbesondere fuer schornsteine o.ae. bauwerke, z.b. saeulen, masten, tuerme o.dgl. lehrenartige vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens sowie in verbindung mit der lehrenartigen vorrichtung bei dem verfahren zu verwendende verankerungsstaebe
US5586417A (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-12-24 Henderson; Allan P. Tensionless pier foundation
US5740645A (en) * 1997-01-08 1998-04-21 Raby; David Michael J-bolt form

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0043599A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000043599A1 (fr) 2000-07-27
AU2093200A (en) 2000-08-07

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