EP1147306A1 - Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner - Google Patents

Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner

Info

Publication number
EP1147306A1
EP1147306A1 EP99955754A EP99955754A EP1147306A1 EP 1147306 A1 EP1147306 A1 EP 1147306A1 EP 99955754 A EP99955754 A EP 99955754A EP 99955754 A EP99955754 A EP 99955754A EP 1147306 A1 EP1147306 A1 EP 1147306A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
fuel injection
gap
injection valve
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99955754A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1147306B1 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1147306A1 publication Critical patent/EP1147306A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1147306B1 publication Critical patent/EP1147306B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2044—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using pre-magnetisation or post-magnetisation of the coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F02M61/163—Means being injection-valves with helically or spirally shaped grooves

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1 and on a method for operating a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • a fuel injector is known according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a piezoelectric actuator is provided for actuating a valve needle connected to a valve closing body.
  • the valve closing body interacts with a valve seat surface to form a sealing seat. Both the configuration as an outward opening fuel injection valve and an inward opening fuel injection valve are possible.
  • the piezoelectric actuator which is composed of a plurality of stacked piezoelectric layers, generates relatively large lifting forces, but relatively short lifting distances. In the known publication, it is therefore proposed to provide a hydraulic transmission device to increase the stroke distance transmitted to the valve needle between the valve needle and the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the hydraulic translation device simultaneously effects temperature compensation of the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is subject to a not inconsiderable temperature-dependent linear expansion.
  • This temperature-dependent change in length of the piezoelectric actuator is, however, relatively slow in comparison to the actuation stroke of the actuator leading to the opening of the fuel injector.
  • the temperature-dependent change in length of the actuator is therefore a quasi-static process.
  • the associated displacement of the hydraulic medium does not lead to the fuel injector being opened, but rather the displaced hydraulic medium escapes quasi-statically via the guide column of the hydraulic transmission device.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator is temperature compensated due to the gap arranged in the actuating section, without the need for a complex hydraulic translation device.
  • the gap arranged in the actuation path between the actuator and the valve closing body enables the actuator to have an undisturbed thermal expansion without the thermal expansion causing the fuel injector to open.
  • the method according to the invention for operating such a fuel injector with the features of claim 7 has the advantage that the gap provided in the actuating section does not have to be overcome to open the fuel injector. Rather, the temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator is measured continuously, before each actuation stroke of the actuator or at fixed, predetermined time intervals.
  • the actuator When the actuator is actuated, it is first subjected to a first electrical actuation voltage which causes the actuator to expand such that the gap ideally disappears or at least becomes as small as possible. Subsequently, the actuator is subjected to a larger second electrical actuation voltage, which leads to the fuel injector opening without a time delay.
  • the gap is advantageously arranged between an actuator flange connected to the actuator and a valve needle connected to the valve closing body.
  • a gaseous medium in the gap in particular air that can escape quickly when the actuator is actuated.
  • the thickness of the gap is advantageously such that it is ensured over the entire temperature range occurring during the operation of the fuel injector that the gap is not bridged due to a temperature expansion of the actuator when the actuator is not energized. This allows the fuel injector to operate over a wide temperature range.
  • the gap is advantageously located on the side of the actuator facing away from the valve closing body, while in the case of an outwardly opening fuel injector the gap is advantageously located on the side of the actuator facing the valve closing body.
  • the temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator can be measured, for example, by measuring the electrical capacitance of the actuator. Since the actuator usually consists of several piezoelectric layers which are provided with electrodes, thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator leads to an increase in the distance between the electrodes and thus to a reduction in the electrical capacitance. The temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator can therefore be calculated back from the measured electrical capacitance. Alternatively, it may be sufficient to measure the temperature of the actuator if the thermal coefficient of thermal expansion of the actuator is known with sufficient accuracy. The temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator at the measured temperature can then be calculated back from the measurement of the temperature of the actuator. The measurement of the electrical capacitance of the actuator and the temperature of the actuator can also be combined with one another to improve the accuracy. drawing
  • Figure 1 shows a section through a first embodiment of the fuel injector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a second exemplary embodiment of the fuel injection valve according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time diagram for explaining the method according to the invention for operating the fuel injection valve according to the invention.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 shows an axial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is particularly suitable for injecting fuel, in particular gasoline, directly into the combustion chamber of a preferably mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
  • a piezoelectric actuator 3 is integrated in a housing body 2 and is surrounded by a biasing element 4 in the manner of a sleeve.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 3 is clamped between a first actuator flange 5 and a second actuator flange 6 by means of the prestressing element 4 connected to the actuator flanges 5 and 6.
  • the actuator 3, the actuator flanges 5 and 6 and the prestressing element 4 are inserted into a cylindrical recess 7 of the housing body 2.
  • the actuator 3 is supported on the housing body 2 via the first actuator flange 5.
  • the actuator 3 is sleeve-shaped in the exemplary embodiment. Both the actuator 3 and the actuator flanges 5 o and 6 have a central opening 8 through which a valve needle 9 projects.
  • the valve needle 9 has a valve needle flange 10, which serves as a stop for the second actuator flange 6.
  • a valve closing body 12 is formed in one piece with the valve needle 9, which extends concentrically to the central axis 11, and forms a sealing seat together with a valve seat surface 13 formed on a valve seat carrier 14.
  • the valve closing body 12 has a conical surface 15 which is adapted to the conical valve seat surface 13.
  • a spray opening 16 connects to the valve seat surface 13.
  • the valve closing body 12 has at least one swirl groove 17.
  • a spring receiving space 18 is provided for a return spring 19, which engages on a flange 20 connected to the valve needle 9 on the valve needle 9 and presses the valve closing body 12 into its closed position.
  • the fuel is supplied via a fuel line 21 formed in the housing body 2, to which a fuel line 22 formed in the valve seat carrier 14 connects, which opens into an axial bore 23 of the valve seat body 14.
  • a gap 24 is provided in the actuating section between the piezoelectric actuator 3 and the valve closing body 12.
  • the gap 24 is located between the second actuator flange 6 and the valve needle flange 10.
  • the gap 24 can also be located elsewhere in the actuation path between the actuator 3 and the valve closing body 12, for example between the valve needle 9 and the valve closing body 12.
  • the gap 24 is used for temperature compensation of the piezoelectric actuator 3.
  • the actuator 3 constructed from piezoelectric ceramic layers is subjected to a not inconsiderable thermal linear expansion.
  • the gap width h v of the gap 24 is to be designed such that it is ensured over the entire temperature range occurring during the operation of the fuel injection valve 1 that the gap 24 is not bridged due to a temperature expansion of the actuator 3 in the non-energized idle state of the actuator 3 .
  • a gaseous medium preferably the ambient air of the fuel injector 1.
  • the air in the gap 24 can quickly escape when the actuator 3 is actuated, for example via a vent hole.
  • the return spring 19 can alternatively also engage on the end face 25 of the valve needle flange 10 facing away from the actuator 3, which is indicated in FIG. 1 with broken lines.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the invention on an inward opening fuel injector
  • FIG. 2 shows an outward opening fuel injector 1. Elements already described are also included o Provide matching reference numerals, so that a repetitive description is not necessary.
  • valve closing body 12 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is arranged on the valve needle 9 such that the conical surface 15 of the valve closing body 12 bears on the outside on the valve closing surface 13.
  • the return spring 19 acts via the flange 20 on the valve needle 9 in FIG. 2 upward and thus brings about the return of the valve closing body 12 to its closed position.
  • the first actuator flange 5 abuts the housing body 2, so that the second actuator flange 6 moves downward when the piezoelectric actuator 3 is actuated in FIG. 2 and, after bridging the gap 24, abuts the valve needle 10 flange with a projection 30.
  • the gap 24 has the task of the temperature compensation of the actuator 3 already described.
  • the gap width h v is therefore also to be designed in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 so that over the entire operation of the fuel injector 1 occurring temperature range is ensured that in the electrically non-excited idle state of the actuator 3, the gap 24 is not bridged due to a temperature expansion of the actuator 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows the stroke h of the actuator 3 as a function of the time t.
  • the thermal linear expansion of the actuator 3 is measured.
  • the measurement of the thermal linear expansion of the actuator 3 can either be continuous take place or be repeated at the beginning of each injection interval or at predetermined time intervals.
  • the thermal linear expansion is measured by detecting the temperature of the actuator 3 using a suitable sensor, for example a PTC resistor. If the thermal linear expansion coefficient of the piezoelectric material from which the actuator 3 is made is known with sufficient accuracy, the measured temperature of the actuator 3 can be used to calculate back to its temperature-dependent current length.
  • the temperature-dependent length of the actuator 3 can also be determined by measuring the electrical capacitance of the actuator 3.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 3 generally consists of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers which are arranged between the electrodes in order to apply an axial electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic layers. When the piezoelectric layers are thermally expanded, the distance between the electrodes increases, as a result of which the capacitance of the piezoelectric actuator 3 is reduced.
  • the measurement of the temperature and the capacity of the actuator 3 can also be combined with one another to increase the accuracy.
  • the capacitance of the actuator 3 can be measured by means of a charge-controlled electronic circuit or a bridge circuit in which the capacitance of the actuator 3 is compared with a reference capacitance.
  • the temperature-dependent remaining gap width h v can be determined in the electrically non-excited idle state of the actuator 3.
  • the actuator 3 is acted upon according to the invention with a first actuation voltage such that the gap 24 ideally disappears. at least it gets as small as possible.
  • This first electrical actuation voltage is adapted to the temperature-dependent gap width h v detected by the measurement, this first actuation voltage being greater the larger the gap width h v of the gap 24.
  • the actuator 3 illustrates the application of the first electrical actuation voltage in the time interval tj. to t 2 •
  • the actuator 3 experiences an actuator stroke h v which corresponds to the previously determined gap width h v .
  • the gap width h v 'detected by the measurement may be smaller, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 3. Accordingly, the actuator stroke h v 'caused by the first electrical actuation voltage is then smaller.
  • a second actuation voltage which is larger than the first actuation voltage is applied to the actuator 3, so that the actuator 3 expands even further and the valve closing body 12 opens from the valve seat surface 13 of fuel injector 1 lifts off. Fuel is therefore injected from the fuel injection valve 1 during this injection interval.
  • the second actuation voltage is switched off, so that the actuator 3 relaxes again into its retirement.
  • the inventive method is Reach that the injection timing of the column width h v is largely independent, and in particular the time it takes for the actuator 3 to the gap width to overcome h v, has no influence on the injection timing and the length of the injection interval.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

Soupape d'injection de carburant (1), en particulier, soupape d'injection pour systèmes d'injection de carburant de moteurs à combustion interne, comprenant un actionneur piézo-électrique ou magnétostrictif (3) et un corps d'obturation de soupape (12) pouvant être commandé par l'actionneur (3), via un parcours de commande (6, 24, 10, 9), coopérant avec une surface de contact (13) sur un siège étanche. A l'état de repos non excité de l'actionneur (3), une fente (24) est formée dans le parcours de commande (6, 24, 10, 9).
EP99955754A 1999-01-18 1999-09-22 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner Expired - Lifetime EP1147306B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19901711 1999-01-18
DE19901711A DE19901711A1 (de) 1999-01-18 1999-01-18 Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils
PCT/DE1999/003020 WO2000042313A1 (fr) 1999-01-18 1999-09-22 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1147306A1 true EP1147306A1 (fr) 2001-10-24
EP1147306B1 EP1147306B1 (fr) 2002-12-18

Family

ID=7894580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99955754A Expired - Lifetime EP1147306B1 (fr) 1999-01-18 1999-09-22 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6478013B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1147306B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002535536A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010113652A (fr)
DE (2) DE19901711A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000042313A1 (fr)

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DE10101796A1 (de) * 2001-01-17 2002-07-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten
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DE10162250A1 (de) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE10213858A1 (de) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennstoffeinspritzventil
WO2004085828A2 (fr) * 2003-03-27 2004-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Soupape a injection directe dans une culasse
DE10328573A1 (de) * 2003-06-25 2005-01-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE10341810B4 (de) 2003-09-10 2016-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils
JP4002229B2 (ja) * 2003-10-03 2007-10-31 株式会社日立製作所 燃料噴射弁
DE10349824A1 (de) * 2003-10-24 2005-06-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung, welche einen Piezoaktor aufweist
DE102004021920A1 (de) * 2004-05-04 2005-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE102004022958A1 (de) * 2004-05-10 2005-12-22 Siemens Ag Kraftstoffinjektor mit einer korrigierbaren Einstellung eines Leerhubs einer Aktoreinheit
US7100577B2 (en) * 2004-06-14 2006-09-05 Westport Research Inc. Common rail directly actuated fuel injection valve with a pressurized hydraulic transmission device and a method of operating same
DE102004031790A1 (de) * 2004-07-01 2006-01-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Common-Rail-Injektor
JP2006165193A (ja) * 2004-12-06 2006-06-22 Denso Corp 中空積層型圧電素子及びその製造方法
DE102005001498B4 (de) * 2005-01-12 2007-02-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Injektors
EP1811166B1 (fr) * 2006-01-24 2008-11-05 Continental Automotive GmbH Ensemble à vanne pour une soupape d'injection et soupape d'injection
GB0616713D0 (en) * 2006-08-23 2006-10-04 Delphi Tech Inc Piezoelectric fuel injectors
DE102006039522B4 (de) * 2006-08-23 2009-01-29 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zur Leerhubsteuerung einer Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung
DE102006058744A1 (de) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Einspritzventils
KR100956258B1 (ko) * 2008-04-10 2010-05-06 성균관대학교산학협력단 볼-포핏밸브가 구비된 고압분사용 인젝터
DE102008045955A1 (de) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Korrektur einer temperaturbedingten Längenänderung einer Aktoreinheit, die im Gehäuse eines Kraftstoffinjektors angeordnet ist
JP5009263B2 (ja) * 2008-10-20 2012-08-22 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料噴射装置
US20130068200A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Paul Reynolds Injector Valve with Miniscule Actuator Displacement
US9605639B2 (en) * 2012-07-12 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Fuel injector
DE102014200184A1 (de) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Ansteuerung von Einspritzventilen, insbesondere einer fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine
JP6172189B2 (ja) * 2015-03-23 2017-08-02 マツダ株式会社 直噴エンジンの燃料噴射制御装置
DE102015217193A1 (de) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-09 Continental Automotive Gmbh Erfassungsverfahren zum Erfassen einer Spaltgröße eines Spaltes zwischen einer Injektorventilbaugruppe und einem Piezostapel sowie Ansteuerungsverfahren zum Ansteuern einer Aktoreinheit in einem Piezostapel.
DE102015219568B4 (de) * 2015-10-09 2017-06-08 Continental Automotive Gmbh Aktuator mit Ventileinheit für piezoservobetriebenen Injektor
JP6731492B2 (ja) * 2016-10-03 2020-07-29 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 燃料噴射弁
DE102020208273A1 (de) * 2020-07-02 2022-01-05 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Gasinjektor mit reduziertem Verschleiß

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59903885D1 (de) 2003-01-30
JP2002535536A (ja) 2002-10-22
EP1147306B1 (fr) 2002-12-18
US6478013B1 (en) 2002-11-12
DE19901711A1 (de) 2000-07-20
KR20010113652A (ko) 2001-12-28
WO2000042313A1 (fr) 2000-07-20

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