EP1147306B1 - Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner - Google Patents

Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1147306B1
EP1147306B1 EP99955754A EP99955754A EP1147306B1 EP 1147306 B1 EP1147306 B1 EP 1147306B1 EP 99955754 A EP99955754 A EP 99955754A EP 99955754 A EP99955754 A EP 99955754A EP 1147306 B1 EP1147306 B1 EP 1147306B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
valve
fuel injection
gap
injection valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99955754A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1147306A1 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1147306A1 publication Critical patent/EP1147306A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1147306B1 publication Critical patent/EP1147306B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2044—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using pre-magnetisation or post-magnetisation of the coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F02M61/163—Means being injection-valves with helically or spirally shaped grooves

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1 or by a method to operate a fuel injector after the Genus of claim 6.
  • a fuel injector is already known from DE 195 00 706 A1 known after the genus of the main claim.
  • Fuel injector is a piezoelectric actuator for actuating one with a valve closing body connected valve needle provided.
  • the valve closing body acts with a valve seat surface to a sealing seat together. It is both the design as a after externally opening fuel injection valve as well as a inward opening fuel injector possible.
  • the of several stacked piezoelectric Layered piezoelectric actuator does indeed produce relatively large lifting forces, but relatively short lifting distances. In the known document is therefore proposed to Enlargement of the stroke distance transferred to the valve needle between the valve needle and the piezoelectric actuator to provide a hydraulic translation device.
  • the hydraulic translation device works simultaneously temperature compensation of the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is not one insignificant temperature-dependent linear expansion subjected.
  • This temperature-dependent change in length of the piezoelectric actuator is however relatively slow in Comparison to that for opening the fuel injector leading actuation stroke of the actuator.
  • the temperature dependent Change in length of the actuator is therefore a quasi-static Process.
  • the associated displacement of the hydraulic Medium does not open the fuel injector, but the displaced hydraulic medium escapes quasi-statically through the leadership column of the hydraulic translation device.
  • DE 43 06 073 C1 describes a fuel injector with a piezoelectric actuator in a different design known. This fuel injector also takes place temperature compensation using a hydraulic Translator. From DE 35 33 085 A1 is a Fuel injector without hydraulic transmission device, but also without any temperature compensation, known.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the Features of claim 1 has the advantage that the piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator due to of the gap arranged in the actuating section is temperature-compensated without being complex hydraulic translation device required.
  • the Indian Actuating distance between the actuator and the Valve closing body arranged gap allows undisturbed thermal linear expansion of the actuator without the thermal linear expansion is an opening of the Fuel injector causes.
  • the gap is advantageous between one with the actuator connected actuator flange and one with the Valve closing body connected valve needle arranged.
  • a gaseous medium in particular air, which or when the Actuator can escape quickly.
  • the inventive method for operating a such fuel injector with the features of Claim 6 has the advantage that to open the Fuel injector in the actuation path intended gap does not have to be overcome. Rather it will the temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator continuously, before each actuation stroke of the actuator or in fixed predetermined intervals measured.
  • the actuator When actuated of the actuator is first with a first applied electrical actuation voltage, the one such expansion of the actuator causes the gap ideally disappears or at least as small as possible becomes. Subsequently, the actuator with a larger second electrical actuation voltage applied without Time delay for opening the fuel injector leads.
  • the gap is advantageously on the Valve closing body facing away from the actuator, while with an outward opening Fuel injector the gap advantageous on the Valve closing body facing side of the actuator.
  • Measuring the temperature-dependent linear expansion of the Actuator can, for example, by measuring the electrical capacity of the actuator. Because the actuator usually of several piezoelectric layers exists, which are provided with electrodes, leads one thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator to a Enlargement of the distance of the electrodes and thus one Reduction of electrical capacity. From the measured electrical capacity can therefore on the temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator be calculated back. Alternatively, it may be enough to Measure the temperature of the actuator when the thermal Thermal expansion coefficient of the actuator with sufficient accuracy is known. From the measurement of the The temperature of the actuator can then be reduced to temperature-dependent linear expansion of the actuator at Calculate the measured temperature. The measurement of electrical capacity of the actuator and the temperature of the Actuators can also improve accuracy can be combined with each other.
  • the gap width of the gap is advantageously such that over the entire while the fuel injector is operating occurring temperature range is ensured, that in the non-excited idle state of the actuator also maximum temperature expansion of the actuator the actuator none Active contact on the valve closing body to lift the Has valve closing body from the valve seat. This permits the operation of the fuel injector in a wide temperature range.
  • the fuel injector 1 shows an axial sectional view Embodiment of the fuel injector according to the invention 1.
  • the fuel injector 1 is suitable in particular for the direct injection of fuel, especially of gasoline, preferably in the combustion chamber mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engine.
  • a piezoelectric actuator 3 is located in a housing body 2 integrated by a biasing element 4 sleeve-like is surrounded.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 3 is between one first actuator flange 5 and a second actuator flange 6 by means of that connected to the actuator flanges 5 and 6 Prestressing element 4 clamped.
  • the actuator 3, the Actuator flanges 5 and 6 and the biasing element 4 are in one cylindrical recess 7 of the housing body 2 used.
  • the actuator 3 is supported over the first one Actuator flange 5 on the housing body 2.
  • the actuator 3 is sleeve-shaped in the exemplary embodiment educated. Both the actuator 3 and the actuator flanges 5 and 6 have a central opening 8 through which a Valve needle 9 protrudes.
  • the valve needle 9 has one Valve needle flange 10, which acts as a stop for the second Actuator flange 6 is used.
  • valve closing body 12 With the concentric to the central axis 11th extending valve needle 9 is in the embodiment integrally formed a valve closing body 12, the together with one on a valve seat support 14 trained valve seat surface 13 forms a sealing seat.
  • the valve closing body 12 has a conical surface 15 which is adapted to the conical valve seat surface 13. In The direction of spraying adjoins the valve seat surface 13 a spray opening 16. For better distribution of the The valve closing body 12 has at least one fuel Swirl groove 17.
  • a Spring receiving space 18 provided for a return spring 19, on a flange 20 connected to the valve needle 9 the valve needle 9 attacks and the valve closing body 12 in presses its closed position.
  • the fuel is supplied via a in the Housing body 2 formed fuel line 21 to which one formed in the valve seat support 14 Fuel line 22 connects into an axial bore 23 of the valve seat body 14 opens out.
  • the invention is in the actuation distance between the piezoelectric actuator 3 and the valve closing body 12 Gap 24 provided.
  • the embodiment is the gap 24 between the second actuator flange 6 and valve needle flange 10.
  • the gap 24 can also be different Place in the actuation path between the actuator 3 and the valve closing body 12, for example between the Valve needle 9 and the valve closing body 12 are arranged his.
  • the gap 24 is used for temperature compensation of the piezoelectric actuator 3.
  • the actuator 3 constructed from piezoelectric ceramic layers is subjected to a not inconsiderable thermal linear expansion. If the actuator 3 were directly connected to the valve needle 9 by the second actuator flange 6 being in direct contact with the valve needle flange 10 when the actuator 3 was not in the excited state, not only would the actuator 3 be electrically excited, but also thermal expansion of the actuator 3 lead to opening of fuel injector 1. In the fuel injector 1 according to the invention, however, a thermal linear expansion of the actuator 3 only leads to a reduction in the gap width h v of the gap 24, but not to a lifting of the valve closing body 12 from the valve seat surface 13.
  • the gap width h v of the gap 24 is to be designed such that it is ensured over the entire temperature range occurring during the operation of the fuel injector 1 that the gap 24 is not bridged due to a temperature expansion of the actuator 3 when the actuator 3 is not energized.
  • a gaseous medium preferably the ambient air of the fuel injector 1.
  • the air in the gap 24 can escape quickly when the actuator 3 is actuated, for example via a vent hole.
  • the return spring 19 can alternatively on the actuator 3 facing end face 25 of the valve needle flange 10 attack what is shown in Fig. 1 with broken lines is indicated.
  • FIG. 1 the invention on an inward opening 2 illustrates fuel injector 1 an outwardly opening fuel injector according to the invention 1. Elements already described are included matching reference numerals so that as far as a repetitive description is unnecessary.
  • valve closing body 12 in the shown in Fig. 2 embodiment of the Valve needle 9 arranged so that the conical surface 15 of the Valve closing body 12 on the valve closing surface 13 lies on the outside.
  • the return spring 19 acts on the flange 20 and the valve needle 9 in FIG. 2 upwards and thus causes the valve closing body 12 to be reset in its closed position.
  • the first actuator flange 5 abuts the housing body 2 from, so that the second actuator flange 6 at a Actuation of the piezoelectric actuator 3 in Fig. 2 after moved below and after bridging the gap 24 with a projection 30 abuts the valve needle flange 10.
  • the gap 24 has the task of the temperature compensation of the actuator 3 already described.
  • the gap width h v is therefore also to be designed in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 so that over the entire operation of the fuel injector 1 occurring temperature range is ensured that in the electrically non-excited idle state of the actuator 3, the gap 24 is not bridged due to a temperature expansion of the actuator 3.
  • Fig. 3 shows the stroke h of the actuator 3 as a function of Time t.
  • Measurement of thermal Linear expansion of the actuator 3 can either be continuous take place or at the beginning of each injection interval or in fixed predetermined intervals are repeated.
  • the Measurement of the thermal linear expansion takes place in the simplest case in that the temperature of the actuator 3 via a suitable sensor, for example a PTC resistor is detected. If the thermal Coefficient of linear expansion of the piezoelectric Material from which the actuator 3 is made with is known from the measured temperature of the actuator 3 on the temperature-dependent current length can be calculated back.
  • the temperature-dependent length of the actuator 3 can also by measuring the electrical capacitance of the actuator 3 be recorded.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 3 consists in generally of several piezoelectric ceramic layers, those for the application of the piezoelectric Ceramic layers with an axial electric field are arranged between electrodes. With a thermal Expansion of the piezoelectric layers increases Distance between the electrodes, which increases the capacity of the piezoelectric actuator 3 is reduced. By measuring the temperature-dependent capacity of the actuator 3 can therefore the current temperature-dependent length of the actuator 3 be calculated back. Measuring the temperature and the Capacity of the actuator 3 can also increase the Accuracy can be combined. The measurement of Capacity of the actuator 3 can be controlled by a charge electronic circuit or a bridge circuit take place in which the capacity of the actuator 3 with a Reference capacity is compared.
  • the temperature-dependent remaining gap width h v can be determined in the electrically non-excited idle state of the actuator 3.
  • the actuator 3 is acted upon according to the invention with a first actuation voltage such that the gap 24 ideally disappears, but at least becomes as small as possible.
  • This first electrical actuation voltage is adapted to the temperature-dependent gap width h v detected by the measurement, this first actuation voltage being greater the larger the gap width h v of the gap 24.
  • the actuator 3 illustrates the application of the first electrical actuation voltage in the time interval t 1 to t 2 .
  • the actuator 3 experiences an actuator stroke h v which corresponds to the previously determined gap width h v .
  • the gap width h v 'detected by the measurement may be smaller, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 3. Accordingly, the actuator stroke h v 'caused by the first electrical actuation voltage is then smaller.
  • a second actuation voltage which is larger than the first actuation voltage is applied to the actuator 3, so that the actuator 3 expands even further and the valve closing body 12 opens from the valve seat surface 13 of fuel injector 1 lifts off. Fuel is therefore injected from the fuel injection valve 1 during this injection interval.
  • the second actuation voltage is switched off, so that the actuator 3 relaxes again into its retirement.
  • the injection timing of the column width is largely independent h v and in particular the time required for the actuator 3, the gap width h to overcome v, has no influence on the injection timing and the length of the injection interval.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

Soupape d'injection de carburant (1), en particulier, soupape d'injection pour systèmes d'injection de carburant de moteurs à combustion interne, comprenant un actionneur piézo-électrique ou magnétostrictif (3) et un corps d'obturation de soupape (12) pouvant être commandé par l'actionneur (3), via un parcours de commande (6, 24, 10, 9), coopérant avec une surface de contact (13) sur un siège étanche. A l'état de repos non excité de l'actionneur (3), une fente (24) est formée dans le parcours de commande (6, 24, 10, 9).

Claims (8)

  1. Injecteur de carburant (1), notamment injecteur pour une installation d'injection de carburant d'un moteur à combustion interne, comportant un actionneur piézo-électrique ou magnétostrictif (3) et un organe d'obturation de soupape (12) dont la course d'actionnement (6, 24, 10, 9) est commandée par l'actionneur (3), cet organe d'obturation coopérant avec une surface de siège de soupape (13) pour former un siège d'étanchéité, dans lequel lorsque l'actionneur (3) est à l'état de repos non excité, il subsiste un intervalle (24) dans le trajet d'actionnement (6, 24, 10, 9) pour que l'actionneur (3) ne présente pas de contact actif avec l'organe d'obturation de soupape (12) pour soulever cet organe (12) par rapport à la surface formant siège de soupape (13),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'intervalle (24) est réalisé en dehors des plages hydrauliques et des conduites (21, 22, 23) de l'injecteur (1) et
    l'intervalle (24) contient exclusivement un fluide gazeux, notamment de l'air, qui peut s'échapper rapidement lors d'un actionnement de l'actionneur (3).
  2. Injecteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le chemin d'actionnement (6, 24, 10, 9) comprend une bride (6) reliée à l'actionneur (3) et une aiguille (9) reliée à l'organ d'obturation de soupape (12) et un intervalle (24) entre la bride d'actionneur (6) et l'aiguille de soupape (9).
  3. Injecteur selon Tune quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'intervall (24) a une largeur (hv) telle que pour toute la plage des températures de fonctionnement de l'injecteur (1), on garantit qu'à l'état de repos non excité de l'action (3), même pour la dilatation thermique maximale de l'actionneur (3), celui-ci n'a pas de contact actif avec l'organ d'obturation de soupape (12) pour soulever celui-ci par rapport à la surface formant siège de soupape (13).
  4. Injecteur selon Tune quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    il s'ouvre vers l'intérieur et l'intervalle (24) se trouve du côté de l'actionneur (3) à l'opposé de l'organ d'obturation de soupape (12).
  5. Injecteur selon Tune quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    il s'ouvre vers l'extérieur et l'intervalle (24) se trouve du côté de l'actionneu (3) tourné vers l'organ d'obturation de soupape (12).
  6. Procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un injecteur (1) selon Tune quelconque des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé par
    les étapes suivantes :
    on mesure la dilatation thermique longitudinale de l'actionneur (3) lorsque celui-ci est à l'état de repos non excité,
    on applique à l'actionneur une première tension d'actionnement électrique en fonction de la dilatation thermique longitudinale de l'actionneur (3), cette première tension d'actionnement électrique étant dimensionnée pour supprimer l'intervalle (24) ou le réduire au minimum et
    on applique à l'actionneu (3) une seconde tension d'actionnement électrique pour ouvrir l'injecteur (1) pendant un intervalle d'injection.
  7. Procédé selon le revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la mesure de la dilatation thermique longitudinale de l'actionneur (3) comprend une mesure de la capacité électrique de l'actionneur (3).
  8. Procédé selon Tune quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la mesure de la dilatation thermique longitudinale de l'actionneu (3) consiste à mesurer la température de l'actionneur (3).
EP99955754A 1999-01-18 1999-09-22 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner Expired - Lifetime EP1147306B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19901711A DE19901711A1 (de) 1999-01-18 1999-01-18 Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils
DE19901711 1999-01-18
PCT/DE1999/003020 WO2000042313A1 (fr) 1999-01-18 1999-09-22 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1147306A1 EP1147306A1 (fr) 2001-10-24
EP1147306B1 true EP1147306B1 (fr) 2002-12-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99955754A Expired - Lifetime EP1147306B1 (fr) 1999-01-18 1999-09-22 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour la faire fonctionner

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6478013B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1147306B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002535536A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010113652A (fr)
DE (2) DE19901711A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000042313A1 (fr)

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WO2000042313A1 (fr) 2000-07-20
KR20010113652A (ko) 2001-12-28
EP1147306A1 (fr) 2001-10-24
US6478013B1 (en) 2002-11-12
DE19901711A1 (de) 2000-07-20
JP2002535536A (ja) 2002-10-22
DE59903885D1 (de) 2003-01-30

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