EP1146528A2 - Elektrisches Kontaktmatte mit Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung - Google Patents
Elektrisches Kontaktmatte mit Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1146528A2 EP1146528A2 EP01106720A EP01106720A EP1146528A2 EP 1146528 A2 EP1146528 A2 EP 1146528A2 EP 01106720 A EP01106720 A EP 01106720A EP 01106720 A EP01106720 A EP 01106720A EP 1146528 A2 EP1146528 A2 EP 1146528A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact mat
- electrical contact
- plates
- mat according
- electrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
- H01H3/14—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
- H01H3/141—Cushion or mat switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical contact mat with at least two plates spaced apart from each other in the idle state according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Such contact mats are used in various ways Safety devices, as warning devices, if necessary also as burglar alarms.
- an electrical switching device safety equipment e.g. a Switch off the machine or activate a warning device, when a switch triggers a switching pulse.
- Detecting short circuits and the like is a so-called Quiescent current monitoring performed.
- a tactile sensor points in addition to the switching device, an electrical termination, this electrical termination is in a closed circuit.
- a quiescent current flows through this electrical termination, which, when there is no switching pulse, has a constant value. Should there be a short circuit or an open circuit suddenly occur, this is detected by changing the constant quiescent current.
- the quiescent current also changes when the switch switches the electrical termination shorts so that through this in their Size known change in the quiescent current triggered a switching operation can be.
- Such safety-critical devices are usually in operated a voltage range below the so-called Low protection voltage (42 volts), preferably 12 or 24 Volts are used. At these stress levels are significant material destruction phenomena can also be identified, which too lead to the disadvantages already described, which are very special are safety critical. Even the use of high quality Electrical termination materials, including the electrical connections, as it turns out, does not work for a clear prevention of material destruction.
- the invention has for its object the disadvantages of the described Fix contact mats and a contact mat too create that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and reacts with sufficient certainty even with small forces. Furthermore the disadvantages of the device for quiescent current monitoring are avoided and such a device is provided, with the simple damage or failure of the tactile sensor can be avoided even if the electrical contact mat is used in a damp or wet environment.
- the spacers are essentially inelastic Intermediate layer, the openings of such size has that the inner surfaces of the plates under pressure touch each other and thereby the switch of the tactile sensor form the quiescent current monitoring, the plates being thin, preferably flexible and elastic switching elements are formed.
- the plates preferably have a thickness of 2.5 mm, the non-conductive liner, preferably as a mesh or perforated film made of plastic or cotton, a Has a thickness of 0.5 mm, with the openings in the intermediate layer a mesh with a mesh size of approx. 5 mm.
- the Boards preferably have a Shore hardness of 50 to 65.
- the intermediate layer as proposed according to the invention, on both sides executed adhesive, so a simple Contact mat are made that already forms a unit in itself.
- an adhesive tape as Edging can be used.
- the plates on their pimples or other surface facing away from the intermediate layer Elevations that are spaced from each other This increases the ability to make contact, especially when if the load is applied more flat than punctiform.
- the proposed contact mat is suitable for forming a bumper or other safety switching elements with a large overtravel, transmission elements then attached to the contact mat, which are fastened to a support element, an elastic upper body, preferably made of foam, being provided on the side of the support element facing away from the transmission elements is.
- the support element is articulated so as to be movable perpendicular to the contact mat and is essentially rigid, so that forces on the elastic upper body lead to triggering contact of the switching mat.
- the transmission elements are designed at the end facing the contact mat so that they form a small transmission area that is in the range of 10 mm 2 . If several transmission elements are arranged, for example in several rows, in particular oblique forces on the elastic upper body can lead to the safe release of the contact mat.
- the switching trigger can therefore be varied by the number and arrangement of the transmission elements.
- the contact mat and the support element in one Frame be housed, the frame these two Encloses elements and holds them against each other with an edge.
- the proposed contact mat is also preferably suitable for Forming a safety edge, then the contact mat is designed as a contact strip to which the transmission elements a support strip connects that is perpendicular to the contact strip is articulated.
- the structure is similar to that of the Bumpers, although this is not primarily a large wake, but is about a special type of safety edge.
- the transmission elements can be integrally formed with the support bar be, the support bar have a certain flexibility should, so that a point load also triggers a contact.
- the proposed contact mat can also be bent and bulged at both ends on a machine, on a roller shutter or the like be attached and designed as a safety contact rail be, with a pressure on the outer jacket of the bead-like curved Contact mat triggers a switching pulse.
- Loading and unloading the contact mat can be changed and it is a means to generate the current flowing in the closed circuit in such a way provided that a voltage of maximum 1 volt is present.
- the means for generating the in the closed circuit flowing current as a voltage source can by default the voltage taking into account the size of the electrical Termination (with a resistance as an electrical termination, that is, the resistance value) of those flowing in the closed circuit Current set and at the same time the voltage on the electrical Completion can be limited to the maximum size of 1 volt.
- the tactile sensor is on an electronic Evaluation unit connected to at least one Has threshold switch and a switching stage. This leaves realize a compact evaluation unit, which in addition to the acquisition of an obstacle using the tactile sensor Evaluation using the threshold switch and triggering a switching operation by means of a switching stage.
- the means (voltage source or Current source) arranged in or outside the electrical evaluation unit. This allows the installation location of the means for generating the current flowing freely in the closed circuit and the existing one constructional circumstances.
- FIG 1 generally designates a contact mat, the has a cutting line around its circumference.
- the contact mat 2 has plates 2a and 2b made of rubber or polymers, and by adding conductive substances such as carbon black, graphite, metal powder or the like are electrically conductive.
- electrical lines 15 and 16 are connected to one lead tactile sensor 1, making the mat part of a device for quiescent current monitoring, as shown in Figures 3 and 4 is shown for example.
- the plates 2a and 2b have one Thickness of about 2.5 mm and are flexible.
- a mesh fabric With 2c is denotes an intermediate layer which is essentially inelastic and preferably of a non-conductive material, a mesh fabric consists. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the mesh fabric has continuous Openings so that, for example, the pressure load Plate 2b the inner surface of this plate through the mesh Plate 2a can touch and thus as an electrical switch for the Device for quiescent current monitoring works.
- the mesh size of the Mesh is preferably about 5 mm.
- the thickness of the fabric is about 0.5 mm.
- the mesh fabric can, for example, on both sides be self-adhesive, so that after assembly of the plates 2a and 2b these over the mesh or the Liner 2c are attached to each other.
- the edges can subsequently be enclosed with an adhesive tape so that the Contact mat 2 protected against the ingress of dirt and the like is.
- the contact mat 2 can also not in one work mat shown is packed so that a mat is created, which can also be run over by wheels and an increased Has strength or protection.
- the contact mat 2 is again composed of the plates 2a and 2b and the intermediate layer 2c on a solid base 17, for example on a machine part or on a vehicle.
- a support element 19 On the side of the mat opposite the substrate 17 there is an elastic upper body 18 which is fastened to a support element 19 which in turn is operatively connected to the contact mat by means of transmission elements 20 and 21.
- the elastic upper body 18 encounters resistance, a force is exerted on the support element 19, which transmits this force via the transmission elements 20 and / or 21 to the plate 2b, as a result of which the plate 2b is contacted with the plate 2a and thereby Mat acts as a switch in connection with the device for quiescent current monitoring and triggers a switching pulse that leads to a warning signal or a shutdown of the vehicle or the machines and the like.
- the elastic upper body is spatially so large and so elastic that the time between the switching impulse and the standstill of the machine or the vehicle matches a distance of the elastic compliance of the upper body 18, so that the machine or the vehicle comes to a standstill, without causing damage.
- the support element 19 must be able to move freely relative to the mat parallel to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 2 in order to be able to transmit the forces and to trigger a switching pulse.
- the support element can therefore, for example, be suspended in an oscillating manner or be supported radially with the contact mat in a frame and be movable in the plane of the drawing in FIG. 2 in such a way that the support element and the contact mat cannot move away from one another, but can be pressed together. Due to the distribution of the transmission elements between the support element 19 and the contact mat as well as their number and the size of the end of the transmission elements facing the contact mat, the switching trigger can be changed and the reaction time and force for triggering the switching pulse of the contact mat can be changed. Depending on the arrangement of the transmission elements, oblique forces on the elastic upper body can trigger a switching pulse.
- Figure 3 shows a device for quiescent current monitoring of the contact mat 2.
- the device has a tactile sensor 1, which the Contact mat 2, when pressurized as a switch closes, and includes a resistor 3 (ohmic resistance). Due to the load, for example entering the safety mat 2, the resistor 3 is short-circuited and thereby the Current flow through resistor 3 changes, this change is detectable and evaluable.
- the applied to the resistor 3 Voltage may be by a voltmeter 4 (voltmeter) can be recorded.
- the maximum 1 A voltage source 5 is provided.
- the closed-circuit circuit thus forms the voltage source 5 and the tactile sensor 1 and possibly the series resistor 6.
- the two resistors 3 form and 6 a voltage divider so that the voltage of the voltage source 5 chosen in dependence on the voltage divider ratio it must be ensured that a constant or largely constant voltage of maximum 1 volt.
- the Use of the voltage divider, consisting of the resistors 3 and 6, has the advantage that the voltage across the resistor 3 is very precisely because of the voltage divider ratio by dimensioning the resistors can be set and maintained.
- the series resistor 6 can also be changed Resistance to be formed when the safety mat is open the voltage across the resistor 3 very precisely with the help of the voltmeter 4.
- Another The advantage of the voltage divider is that the Fluctuations in the voltage of the voltage source 5 do not or not significantly affect the voltage across the resistor 3.
- the tactile sensor 1 is connected to an electronic evaluation unit 7, the voltage of resistor 3 initially a threshold switch 8 is supplied. Furthermore, the electronic evaluation unit 7 a power supply 9 and a Display unit 10 with which e.g. Operation, error and output signal of the threshold switch 8 and other sizes are displayed can. In addition, the evaluation unit can 7 further elements include, which are necessary for the operation but for description Quiescent current monitoring is unnecessary and therefore not are shown.
- the threshold switch 8 operates in dependence on the input signal in such a way that e.g. with unactuated Contact mat 2 emits no output signal and thus the switching stage 11 is not controlled.
- the contact mat 2 is pressed together actuated, the threshold switch 8 gives an output signal to the switching stage 11, which triggers a switching process.
- an actuator 12 is connected, depending on the application turned on or off.
- the actuator 12 can Electric motor of a machine that is switched off when one Person enters the contact mat.
- Figure 4 shows a device for quiescent current monitoring with a Current source, in which the current source 5 shown in Figure 3 and Series resistor 6 are replaced by a current source 13, the one impresses constant current in the resistor 3.
- This stream is like that dimensioned that depending on the value of the resistance 3 with the voltmeter 4 a maximum voltage of 1 volt, preferably a voltage from the voltage range of 0.2 to 0.8 volts is displayed. Should be the size of the impressed current be of importance, this can be detected with an ammeter 14 and be displayed.
- the power supply 9 on a Mains connection of e.g. 220 volts AC can be based into a DC voltage supply for the evaluation unit 7 is implemented so that a DC voltage for the device for Quiescent current monitoring is given.
- the device can also be operated with alternating current, being a single-stage or multi-stage transformation is possible. It can also be beneficial be to provide a DC power supply that is in uniform or even uneven time intervals is reversed by the Reverse current flow also at the contact points.
- Figures 3 and 4 is a simple embodiment of devices for quiescent current monitoring in connection with an electrical Contact mat shown. To increase security it is conceivable, one element or several elements redundant, i.e. preferably double to execute.
Landscapes
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Kontaktmatte, wobei die obere Platte geschnitten ist, um den Blick auf die Zwischenlage und die untere Platte freizugeben,
- Figur 2:
- eine Seitenansicht auf eine elektrische Kontaktmatte mit im Abstand dazu angeordnetem Stützelement mit einem elastischen Oberkörper,
- Figur 3:
- eine Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung mit einer Spannungsquelle einer als Schalter eines taktilen Sensors eingesetzten elektrischen Kontaktmatte und
- Figur 4:
- eine Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung mit einer Stromquelle, bei der wiederum die elektrische Kontaktmatte als Schalter eines taktilen Sensors ausgebildet ist.
Durch die Verteilung der Übertragungselemente zwischen dem Stützelement 19 und der Kontaktmatte sowie durch ihre Anzahl und durch die Größe der der Kontaktmatte zugewandten Ende der Übertragungselemente kann die Schaltauslösung verändert werden und die Reaktionszeit und -kraft zur Auslösung des Schaltimpulses der Kontaktmatte verändert werden. Je nach Anordnung der Übertragungselemente können auch schräge Kräfte auf den elastischen Oberkörper einen Schaltimpuls auslösen.
Claims (12)
- Elektrische Kontaktmatte (2) mit zumindest zwei im Ruhezustand mit Abstand zueinander angeordneten Platten (2a, 2b), die insbesondere aus Gummi oder Polymeren hergestellt und durch Beimischung von leitenden Stoffen, wie Ruß, Graphit, Metallpulver und dergleichen, elektrisch leitend sind, wobei der Abstand durch nicht leitende Distanzhalter hergestellt ist, und mit einer Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung, die mit den Platten (2a, 2b) in Wirkverbindung steht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Distanzhalter als im wesentlichen unelastische Zwischenlage (2c) ausgebildet sind, die Öffnungen solcher Größe aufweist, dass die Innenflächen der Platten (2a, 2b) bei Druckbelastung der Kontaktmatte (2) sich gegenseitig berühren und dadurch den Schalter eines taktilen Sensors (1) der Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung bilden, wobei der Sensor (1) in Parallelschaltung zur Kontaktmatte (2) einen elektrischen Anschluss (3) aufweist. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (2a, 2b) als dünne, vorzugsweise biegsame und elastische Schaltelemente ausgebildet sind. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenlage (2c) als nicht leitendes Netzgewebe oder gelochte Folie, vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff oder Baumwolle, ausgebildet ist. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenlage (2c) beidseitig klebend ausgeführt ist. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (2a, 2b) an ihren der Zwischenlage (2c) abgewandten Oberflächen Noppen oder sonstige Erhebungen aufweisen, die mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung eines Bumpers oder eines sonstigen Sicherheitsschaltelements mit großem Nachlaufweg sich an die Kontaktmatte Übertragungselemente (20, 21) anschließen, die an einem Stützelement (19) befestigt sind, dass das Stützelement (19) auf der den Übertragungselementen (20, 21) abgewandten Seite einen elastischen Oberkörper (18), vorzugsweise aus Schaumstoff, trägt und dass das Stützelement (19) senkrecht zur Kontaktmatte beweglich angelenkt ist. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung einer Sicherheitsschaltleiste oder eines sonstigen Sicherheitsschaltelements die Kontaktmatte als Kontaktstreifen ausgebildet ist, an den sich Übertragungselemente anschließen, die an einer Stützleiste befestigt sind, und dass die Stützleiste senkrecht zum Kontaktstreifen beweglich angelenkt ist. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der im Ruhestromkreis fließende Strom durch Be- oder Entlasten der Kontaktmatte veränderbar ist und diese Veränderung einen Schaltvorgang auslöst und dass Mittel zur Erzeugung des in dem Ruhestromkreis fließenden Stromes derart vorgesehen sind, dass an dem elektrischen Abschluss (3) eine Spannung von maximal 1 Volt anliegt. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem elektrischen Abschluss (3) eine Spannung im Bereich von 0,2 bis 0,8 Volt anliegt. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 8 und 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erzeugung des in dem Ruhestromkreis fließenden Stromes als Spannungsquelle (5) ausgebildet sind. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 8 und 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erzeugung des in dem Ruhestromkreis fließenden Stromes als Stromquelle (13) ausgebildet sind, die einen solchen Strom in den elektrischen Abschluss (3) des taktilen Sensors (1) einprägen, aus dem die Spannung von maximal 1 Volt resultiert. - Elektrische Kontaktmatte nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der taktile Sensor (1) an einer elektronischen Auswerteeinheit (7) angeschlossen, die zumindest einen Schwellwertschalter (8) sowie eine Schaltstufe (11) aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10018475 | 2000-04-14 | ||
DE10018475A DE10018475A1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Elektrische Kontaktmatte mit Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1146528A2 true EP1146528A2 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1146528A3 EP1146528A3 (de) | 2004-04-28 |
EP1146528B1 EP1146528B1 (de) | 2010-07-14 |
Family
ID=7638706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01106720A Expired - Lifetime EP1146528B1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-03-16 | Elektrisches Kontaktmatte mit Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6486424B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1146528B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE474320T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10018475A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2348220T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0204838D0 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2002-04-17 | Tapeswitch Ltd | Safety monitor for machinery |
US8016037B2 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2011-09-13 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Drilling rigs with apparatus identification systems and methods |
DE102008006323B4 (de) * | 2007-02-27 | 2014-04-30 | Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reduktionsmittelversorgungssystem für einen Abgasreinigungskatalysator eines Verbrennungsmotors und Steckverbindung zum Anschließen von beheizbaren Flüssigkeitsleitungen |
DE102024100266A1 (de) * | 2024-01-05 | 2025-07-10 | Haake Technik Gmbh | Gefalteter Taktiler Sensor |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1703497U (de) * | 1955-03-15 | 1955-07-28 | Erich Grusa | Kontakt-laeufer fuer flaechenkontakt. |
FR2033446A5 (de) * | 1969-02-25 | 1970-12-04 | Tubest Sa | |
DE2101193A1 (de) * | 1971-01-12 | 1972-08-03 | Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co | Kontaktmatte |
US4324962A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-13 | Oak Industries Inc. | Membrane switch having a puff ink spacer |
GB2128031B (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1986-06-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pressure sensitive switchmats |
JPS59118040U (ja) * | 1983-01-31 | 1984-08-09 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 入力装置 |
DE3528382A1 (de) * | 1985-08-07 | 1987-02-12 | Huebner Gummi & Kunststoff | Kontaktmatte |
ATE118641T1 (de) * | 1989-05-05 | 1995-03-15 | Karlheinz Beckhausen | Elektrische kontaktmatte. |
DE3915931A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Mayser Gmbh & Co | Sicherheitspuffer |
DE4323542C2 (de) * | 1993-07-14 | 1996-12-19 | Hans Juergen Hennig | Elektrischer Schalter |
US5588673A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1996-12-31 | The Bergquist Company | Membrane switch for use over a steering wheel airbag assembly |
DE4421447A1 (de) * | 1994-06-22 | 1996-01-04 | Hans Juergen Hennig | Elektrischer Schalter |
DE19510617A1 (de) * | 1995-03-23 | 1996-09-26 | Leon Helma Christina | Flexible Kontaktmatte |
US5695859A (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1997-12-09 | Burgess; Lester E. | Pressure activated switching device |
US5642901A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1997-07-01 | Larry J. Winget | Thermoplastic air bag cover having a membrane switch with enhanced activation |
JP3345425B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-29 | 2002-11-18 | 日本信号株式会社 | マットセンサ |
US5639114A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-06-17 | Trw Inc. | Steering wheel with air bag cover and horn switch |
DE19946039A1 (de) * | 1999-09-25 | 2001-03-29 | Beckhausen Karlheinz | Vorrichtung zur Ruhestromüberwachung einer sicherheitskritischen Einrichtung |
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 DE DE10018475A patent/DE10018475A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-03-16 AT AT01106720T patent/ATE474320T1/de active
- 2001-03-16 ES ES01106720T patent/ES2348220T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 DE DE50115548T patent/DE50115548D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 EP EP01106720A patent/EP1146528B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-10 US US09/832,172 patent/US6486424B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1146528B1 (de) | 2010-07-14 |
DE10018475A1 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
ATE474320T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
US6486424B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 |
ES2348220T3 (es) | 2010-12-01 |
US20010037932A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
EP1146528A3 (de) | 2004-04-28 |
DE50115548D1 (de) | 2010-08-26 |
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