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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/125—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
  • C07D295/13—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
  • A61P25/32—Alcohol-abuse
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
  • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated

Definitions

• ES 2027898 describes (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine derivatives with 5-HT1A receptor activity which are secondary amide and secondary amine derivatives.
• novel piperazine ethylamide derivatives which are agonists and antagonists of the 5HT1A receptor subtype.
• compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as depression, anxiety, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction, alcohol and drug addiction, cognition enhancement, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, obesity and migraine.
• CNS central nervous system
• R j is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl
• R 2 is cycloalkyl, alkyl or N(R 4 R 5 ):
• R3 is aryl or heteroaryl
• R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylheterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, or taken together R and R 5 form a heterocycloalkyl; provided that R4 and R 5 are not both hydrogen;
• A is (CH 2 ) m ;
• m is an integer from 1 to 4; and
• n is an integer from 1 to 3; or a pharmaceutical salt thereof.
• R j is aryl
• R 2 is cycloalkyl
• R3 is phenyl
• Alkyl' as used herein means a branched or straight chain having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• exemplary alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl. t-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
• Alkoxy' as used herein means an alkyl-O group in which the alkyl group is as previously described.
• exemplary alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy. n-butoxy, and t-butoxy.
• aryl as used herein means mono or bicyclic aromatic ring having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Monocyclic rings preferably have 6 members and bicyclic rings preferably have 8, 9 or 10 membered ring structures.
• exemplary aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl. In some preferred embodiments aryl is phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl. The aryl group may be substituted with one or more substituents. Substituted aryl groups preferably have one to three substituents.
• Cycloalkyl' * as used herein means a monocyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments cycloalkyl may be substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents.
• Heterocycloalkyl as used herein means a monocyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 8 members including from 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N. O and S. In some preferred embodiments heterocycloalkyl may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents.
• Halogen as used herein means fluorine, chlorine, iodine and bromine.
• ' ⁇ eteroaryl' means 5 to 10 membered mono or bicyclic aromatic ring having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N. O and S.
• Monocyclic rings preferably have 5 or 6 members and bicyclic rings preferably have 8, 9 or 10 membered ring structures.
• Exemplary heteroaryls include pyrrolyl, turyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl.
• heteroaryl groups include thienyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, and benzodioxanyl. More preferred are heteroaryl groups including 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, indol-4- yl and benzodioxan-5-yl.
• the heteroaryl group may be substituted with one or more substituents. Substituted heteroaryl groups preferably have from 1 to 3 substituents.
• Suitable substituents include, unless otherwise noted, halogen, alky], hydroxy, alkoxy, amino. amido, nitro, alkylamino, alkylamido. perhaloalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxy, carbamide, dialkylamino and aryl.
• Carbon number refers to the number of carbons in the carbon backbone and does not include carbon atoms occurring in substituents such as an alkyl or alkoxy substituents.
• alkylcycloalkyl means an alkyl-cycloalkyl group in which alkyl and cycloalkyl are as previously described.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are the acid addition salts which can be formed from a compound of the above general formula and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, citric. maleic, succinic, fumaric, acetic, lactic, nitric, sulfonic, p-toluene sulfonic, methane sulfonic acid, and the like.
• the compounds of this invention contain a chiral center, providing for various seteroisomeric forms of the compounds such as racemic mixtures as well as the individual optical isomers.
• the individual isomers can be prepared directly or by asymmetric or stereospecific synthesis or by conventional separation of optical isomers from the racemic mixture.
• Benzoyl chloride (0.30 g, 2J2 mmol) was added dropwise at ()"C to a solution of l-(2-aminoethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (0.5 g, 2J2 mmol) and triethylamine (2 equivalents, 4.24 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL), and the mixture stirred under nitrogen for 16 hours. The solution was evaporated, water (50 mL) added and the product extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organics were washed with water (25 mL), brine (25 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
• 2-Naphthoyl chloride (0.40 g, 2J2 mmol) was added dropwise at 0°C to a solution of l-(2-aminoethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (0.5 g, 2J2 mmol) and triethylamine (2 equivalents, 4.24 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL), and the mixture stirred under nitrogen for 16 hours. The solution was evaporated, water (50 mL) added and the product extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organics were washed with water (25 mL), brine (25 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
• Hydrocinnamoyl chloride (0.357 g, 2J2 mmol) was added dropwise at ()°C to a solution of l-(2-aminoethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (0.5 g, 2J2 mmol) and triethylamine (2 equivalents, 4.24 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL), and the mixture stirred under nitrogen for 16 hours. The solution was evaporated, water (50 mL) added and the product extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organics were washed with water (25 mL), brine (25 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
• Compounds of the present invention bind with very high affinity to the 5- HTIA receptor and consequently, they are useful for the treatment of primary disorders of the central nervous system such as depression, anxiety and panic, as well as secondary attending problems such as sleep disorders and sexual dysfunction. Compounds of the present invention are also useful for other disorders of the central nervous system including alcohol and drug addiction, obesity and migraine. Cognition enhancement may be achieved by use of compounds of the present invention and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease may be treated.
• High affinity for the serotonin 5-HTJA receptor was established by testing a compound's ability to displace [ H] 8-OH-DPAT binding in CHO cells stably transfected with the human 5HT1A receptor.
• Stably transfected CHO cells are grown in DMEM containing 10% heat inactivated FBS and non-essential amino acids. Cells are scraped off the plate, transferred to centrifuge tubes, and washed twice by centrifugation (2000 rpm for 10 min.. 4 ⁇ C) in buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5). The resulting pellets are aliquoted and placed at -80°C. On the day of assay, the cells are thawed on ice and resuspended in buffer.
• the binding assay is performed in a 96 well microtiter plate in a total volume of 250 ⁇ L. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of 10 mM 5-HT, final ligand concentration is 1.5 nM. Following a 30 minute incubation at room temperature, the reaction is terminated by the addition of ice cold buffer and rapid filtration through a GF/B filter presoaked for 30 minutes in 0.5% PEL Compounds are initially tested in a single point assay to determine percent inhibition at 1 , 0.1. and 0.01 mM, and Ki values are determined for the active compounds.
• 5-HT1A Receptor Intrinsic Activity Assay The intrinsic activity of compounds of the present invention was established by testing the claimed compounds ability to reverse the stimulation of cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) in CHO cells stably transfected with the human 5-HT 1 A receptor.
• cAMP cyclic adenosinemonophosphate
• Stably transfected CHO cells were grown in DMEM containing 10% heat inactivated FBS and non-essential amino acids. The cells are plated at a density of xlO 6 cells per well in a 24 well plate and incubated for 2 days in a CO 2 incubator. On the second day, the media is replaced with 0.5 mL treatment buffer (DMEM + 25 mM HEPES, 5 mM theophylline, 10 ⁇ M pargyline) and incubated for 10 minutes at 37°C. Wells are treated with forskolin (1 ⁇ M final concentration) followed immediately by the test compound (0.1 and 1 ⁇ M for initial screen) and incubated for an additional 10 minutes at 37°C.
• DMEM + 25 mM HEPES 5 mM theophylline, 10 ⁇ M pargyline
• compounds of the present invention exhibit high affinity for the 5HT1A receptor subtype and exhibit intrinsic activity as evidenced by their ability to reverse stimulation of cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). Accordingly, compounds of the present invention are useful for treatment of disorders of the central nervous system and may be administered to a patient suffering from one or more of said disorders. Treatment, as used herein, refers to alleviation or amelioration of symptoms of a particular disorder in a patient. In addition, compounds of the present invention may be administered as part of a treatment regime that includes other agents which act on the central nervous system. In some preferred embodiments, compounds of the present invention are part of a combination therapy including a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
• Serotonin reuptake inhibitors useful in combination therapies of the present invention fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline and venlafaxine. Said agents may be administered at the same time, where they may be combined into a single dosage form, or at a different time, as compounds of the present invention, while still being part of the regime of the combination therapy.
• Compounds of the invention may be administered to a patient either neat or with a convention pharmaceutical carrier.
• Applicable solid carriers can include one or more substances which may also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aids, binders or tablet- disintegrating agents or an encapsulating material.
• the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
• the active ingredient is mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
• the powders and tablets preferably contain up to 99% of the active ingredient.
• Suitable solid carriers include, for example, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins.
• Liquid carriers may be used in preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs.
• the active ingredient of this invention can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, a mixture of both or pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fat.
• the liquid carrier can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, colors, viscosity regulators, stabilizers or osmo-regulators.
• suitable examples of liquid carriers for oral and parenteral administration include water (particularly containing additives as above e.g.
• cellulose derivatives preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution
• alcohols including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols e.g. glycols
• oils e.g. fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil
• the carrier can also be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
• Sterile liquid carriers are used in sterile liquid form compositions for parenteral administration. Liquid pharmaceutical compositions which are sterile solutions or suspensions can be utilized by, for example, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions can also be administered intravenously. Oral administration may be either liquid or solid composition form.
• the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form, e.g. as tablets or capsules.
• the composition is sub-divided in unit dose containing appropriate quantities of the active ingredient;
• the unit dosage forms can be packaged compositions, for example packeted powders, vials, ampoules, prefilled syringes or sachets containing liquids.
• the unit dosage form can be, for example, a capsule or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any such compositions in package form.
• the therapeutically effective dosage to be used in the treatment of a specific psychosis must be subjectively determined by the attending physician.
• the variables involved include the specific psychosis or state of anxiety and the size, age and response pattern of the patient.
• the novel method of the invention for treating conditions related to or are affected by the 5-HT 1 A receptor comprise administering to warm-blooded animals, including humans, an effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 and its non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts.
• the compounds may be administered orally, rectally, parenterally or topically to the skin and mucosa.
• the usual daily dose is depending on the specific compound, method of treatment and condition treated.
• the usual daily dose is 0.01 - 1000 mg/Kg for oral application, preferably 0.5 - 500 mg/Kg, and OJ - 100 mg/Kg for parenteral application, preferably 0.5 - 50 mg/Kg.

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• 1999
  • 1999-12-16 WO PCT/US1999/029953 patent/WO2000035892A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-12-16 EP EP99965292A patent/EP1140882A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-12-16 AU AU31241/00A patent/AU3124100A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-12-16 CA CA002351860A patent/CA2351860A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-12-16 BR BR9916263-6A patent/BR9916263A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-12-16 JP JP2000588153A patent/JP2002532481A/ja active Pending

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