EP1136246A2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Muldenformkörpern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Muldenformkörpern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1136246A2 EP1136246A2 EP01105728A EP01105728A EP1136246A2 EP 1136246 A2 EP1136246 A2 EP 1136246A2 EP 01105728 A EP01105728 A EP 01105728A EP 01105728 A EP01105728 A EP 01105728A EP 1136246 A2 EP1136246 A2 EP 1136246A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- embossing element
- press
- die
- trough
- ram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 52
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- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000572 Nylon 6/12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002684 aminocaproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyltin Chemical class CCCCCCCC[Sn]CCCCCCCC HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
- B30B15/065—Press rams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of moldings, a device for the production of moldings and the use of a Device according to the invention for the production of moldings.
- Trough moldings are usually produced by inserting into the upper side of a large-volume molded body, usually a tablet, impresses a trough that in one subsequent assembly process filled with another material, in particular poured out can be.
- Trough moldings are made in particular from substances in combination take effect with other substances. The situation is often that the different substances are most advantageous when they are in exactly defined sequence during application to go to solution in solution to be able to work together.
- a common area of application for this type of agent addition is machine dishwashing. To help the user portion the Rinse aids or more generally the washing, rinsing, cleaning and washing aids the addition quantities matched to the machine capacity Shaped bodies, in particular tablets, pressed.
- Powdery or granular active ingredients because of the above-described more effective action should be added separately, are in discrete layers one above the other pressed. If one or more of the combination agents were originally in pasty or liquid, for example molten form, are available for pressing is unsuitable, the formation of a depression in the surface of the molded body a proven form for the design of any desired substance Active substance combination receiving molded body. The liquid, melted and / or pasty agents are entered and therein after the Solidify the filling.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of a method for the production of trough moldings to provide the overpressure of parts of the Molded body avoids.
- the mostly powdery or fine-grained material to be pressed is added when filling in step a) of the method according to the invention distributed unevenly in the press die. There is less material above the embossing element than above the other areas of the lower ram. As a result, the material at the points where the Profile of the ram has the highest elevations - namely above the embossing element - Does not have to be compressed, or only slightly more, than over the other Areas of the ram. Because the material to be pressed is also the highest Pressure peaks at least in part by moving in the direction of the less stressed Areas can evade occur in the areas of the highest profile surveys no overpressing effects.
- the embossing element generally consists essentially of a hard and durable resilient material. Corresponding materials are known to the person skilled in the art and can depending on the material to be pressed. For example the embossing element made of metal, in particular steel; made of ceramic materials; or in a preferred embodiment of the invention consist of a hard plastic.
- plastics characterizes in the context of the present invention Materials whose essential components consist of such macromolecular organic Connections exist that are made synthetically or by modifying natural products. They are in many cases under certain conditions (heat and pressure) meltable and malleable.
- plastics are organic polymers and can either according to their physical properties (thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers), according to the type of reaction in which they are produced (polymers, polycondensates and Polyadducts) or according to their chemical nature (polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes etc.) are classified.
- Hard plastics in particular meet the requirement profile that the stamping element on the other hand, be hard and resistant to high wing loads but should also have friction-reducing or lubricating properties.
- hardness is the term for the scope of the present invention Resistance that a solid body opposes to the penetration of another body.
- the usual dynamic method for determining hardness is the return method.
- the Shore hardness determined in this way is used as the rebound hardness for steel by the ball drop test determined or with rubber and other elastomers as penetration resistance measured against a truncated cone.
- harder plastics e.g. for hard thermoplastics and especially with thermosets
- the ball indentation is measured as the quotient of the test force and surface of the impression of a steel ball (5 mm diameter) after 10, 30 or. 60 seconds under load.
- polyolefins preferably polyethylene or polypropylene
- PE polyethylenes
- Polyethylenes are polymers with groupings of the type belonging to the polyolefins - [CH 2 -CH 2 ] - as a characteristic basic unit of the polymer chain.
- Polyethylenes are produced by polymerizing ethylene using two fundamentally different methods, the high-pressure and the low-pressure process.
- the resulting products are accordingly often referred to as high-pressure polyethylene or low-pressure polyethylene; they differ mainly in their degree of branching and, related to this, in their degree of crystallinity and density. Both processes can be carried out as solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization or gas phase polymerization.
- HMW-LDPE high molecular weight
- the pronounced degree of branching of the polyethylenes produced by the high-pressure process can be reduced by copolymerization of the ethylene with longer-chain olefins, in particular with butene and octene; the copolymers have the code LLD-PE (linear low density polyethylene).
- the macromolecules of the polyethylenes from low-pressure processes are largely linear and unbranched. These polyethylenes (HDPE) have degrees of crystallinity of 60-80% and a density of approx. 0.94-0.965 g / cm3. They are particularly suitable as stamping element
- Polypropylenes are thermoplastic polymers of propylene with basic units of the type - [CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 ] -
- Polypropylenes can be prepared by stereospecific polymerization of propylene in the gas phase or in suspension to give highly crystalline isotactic or less crystalline syndiotactic or amorphous atactic polypropylenes.
- Polypropylene is characterized by high hardness, resilience, rigidity and heat resistance and is therefore a suitable embossing element material in the context of the present invention.
- the mechanical properties of the polypropylenes can be improved by reinforcing with talc, chalk, wood flour or glass fibers, and the application of metallic coatings is also possible.
- polyamides are preferred in the context of the present invention usable embossing element materials.
- Polyamides are high molecular weight compounds that consist of building blocks linked by peptide bonds. The synthet.
- Polyamides With few exceptions, (PA) are thermoplastic, chain-shaped polymers with recurring Acid amide groups in the main chain. According to the chemical structure the so-called homopolyamides can be divided into two groups: the aminocarboxylic acid types (AS) and the diamine dicarboxylic acid types (AA-SS); designate A Amino groups and S carboxy groups.
- the former become a building block through polycondensation (Amino acid) or polymerization ( ⁇ -lactam), the latter consisting of two building blocks formed by polycondensation (diamine and dicarboxylic acid).
- the polyamides are encoded from unbranched aliphatic building blocks according to the number of carbon atoms. That's how it is Name PA 6, for example, that made up of ⁇ -aminocaproic acid or ⁇ -caprolactam Polyamide and.
- PA 12 is a poly ( ⁇ -laurine lactam) made from ⁇ -laurine lactam.
- P A 66 polyhexamethylene adipamide
- PA 610 polyhexamethylene sebacinamide
- PA 612 polyhexamethylene dodecanamide
- the polyamide types mentioned are part of the present invention preferred materials for the embossing element.
- Polyurethanes are polymers (polyadducts) with groupings of the type that are accessible through polyaddition from dihydric and higher alcohols and isocyanates - [CO-NH-R 2 -NH-CO-OR 1 -O] - as characteristic basic units of the basic macromolecules, in which R 1 stands for a low-molecular or polymeric diol radical and R 2 for an aliphatic or aromatic group.
- Tabletting punches, the embossing element of which is made of a polyurethane, are also preferred according to the invention.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- Polyvinyl chlorides are the polymers that result from the homopolymerization of vinyl chloride (VC).
- VC vinyl chloride
- S-PVC suspension polymerization
- E-PVC micro-suspension polymerization
- M-PVC bulk or bulk polymerization
- S-PVC suspension polymerization
- E-PVC micro-suspension polymerization
- M-PVC bulk or bulk polymerization
- Suspension polymerization processes are by far the most important.
- the resulting polymers have the general basic structure -CH 2 -CH (Cl) -CH 2 -CH (Cl) - resulting from the head / tail polymerization of the monomer.
- the macromolecules of PVC are not strictly linear; depending on the monomer conversion, the polymerization temp. approx. 3-20 short side chains per 1000 carbon atoms.
- Techn. PVC have molar masses of approx. 30000-130000 g / mol, which correspond to K values of 45-80.
- very small PVC primary particles are initially obtained, which aggregate to form much larger secondary particles with higher monomer conversion.
- the desired morphology of the PVC particles for example smooth, compact, irregularly shaped or porous, is set via the polymerization aids used (protective colloids, emulsifiers) and stirring conditions.
- the VC polymerization is initiated by free radicals and is usually terminated at a monomer conversion of 75-90%.
- the unreacted vinyl chloride is largely removed by distillation from the polymerization batches and reduced to the lowest permissible residual levels by intensive degassing.
- PVC is processed by extrusion, calendering, blow molding, injection molding, pressing or sintering, specifically for the production of embossing elements which can be used according to the invention and have plasticizer contents of 0-12% (rigid PVC).
- the plasticizer absorption capacity of PVC increases with increasing molecular weight. Porosity of the PVC particles too.
- the thermal lability of PVC requires the addition of auxiliaries (stabilizers, lubricants, etc.) during processing.
- Hard PVC is resistant to water, acids, alkalis, alcohols, petrol and the like. Resistant to oils.
- stabilizers which bind the hydrogen chloride released and at the same time act as antioxidants; inorganic heavy metal salts, metal soaps, in particular of Ba, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ca, dibutyl and dioctyltin compounds and epoxidized soybean oil are suitable as stabilizers.
- the plastics mentioned can be used alone as embossing element materials, but they can also be coated or laminated with metals or others Provide fabrics or even as a coating agent for embossing elements made of other materials be used.
- Glass fiber reinforced plastics are composite materials made from a combination of a matrix of polymers and glass fibers that act as reinforcements.
- the glass materials used for fiber reinforcement are present in the GRP as fibers, yarns, rovings (fiberglass strands), nonwovens, fabrics or mats.
- Suitable polymeric matrix systems for GRP are both thermosets (such as epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, phenol and furan resins) and thermoplastics (such as polyamides, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyphenylene oxides and sulfides, polypropylenes and styrene copolymers).
- the weight ratio between the reinforcing material and the polymer matrix is usually in the range from 10: 90-65: 35, the strength properties of the GRP generally increasing up to an amplifier content of approximately 40% by weight.
- the GRP is mainly manufactured in pressing processes; other important manufacturing processes are hand lamination, fiber spraying, continuous impregnation, winding and spinning processes.
- prepregs glass fiber materials pre-impregnated with resins, are used, which are heat-cured using pressure.
- the GRP are characterized by increased tensile, bending and compressive strength, impact resistance, dimensional stability and stability against the influence of heat, acids, salts, gases or solvents.
- glass-fiber reinforced polytetrafluoethylene and glass-fiber reinforced polyamides in particular have proven themselves as embossed element materials.
- the embossing element does not have to consist of a single material. It can also have a preferably disc-shaped insert made of another material. According to the invention, preference is given to using an embossing element made from one of the aforementioned hard materials, which has an insert made from a reversibly deformable material.
- the reversibly deformable material is preferably a material with a hardness of approximately 40 to 99 Shore A according to DIN 53505, preferably a polyurethane material, for example in particular Vulkollan®, or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC), for example in particular Mipolam®.
- Such an embossing element, which has an insert made of a reversibly deformable material is particularly preferably used as a fixed embossing element.
- the dimension of the embossing element can be the dimension of the molded body to be produced be adjusted so that the trough resulting in the molded body compared to the molded body volume has suitable dimensions.
- Preferred trough depths are in the range from about 5 to about 8 mm, especially from about 6 to about 7 mm.
- the embossing element Volume from 0.5 to 5 ml, preferably from 0.6 to 3 ml and in particular from 0.8 to 2 ml having.
- the volume of the embossing element is to be understood as the volume that embossing the embossing element into the molded body as a trough.
- the dimension of the base of the lower ram is also adapted to the dimension of the molded body to be produced, so that the base and top of the molded body have suitable dimensions compared to the volume of the molded body.
- the base area of the ram is 5 to 30 cm 2 , preferably 5 to 20 cm 2 and in particular 8 to 12 cm 2 .
- a fixed embossing element is used in the method according to the invention, then this preferably has a domed dome shape, whereby the detachment of the Shaped body is facilitated.
- Such a stamp which can be used according to the invention is constructed from at least two, preferably exactly two, partial stamps which are movable independently of one another and parallel to one another. If the method according to the invention is carried out on a rotary press, each partial stamp of the lower stamp needs its own lower stamp path so that the partial stamps can move independently of one another.
- the other parts that ensure the movement of the one-piece lower punches in conventional rotary presses, such as pressure rollers and optional pull-down rails, are required in this embodiment of the present invention in two versions. Since, with increasing complexity of the pressing surfaces of the two partial punches, application-technical problems such as die caking, lids, excessive wear etc.
- a lower punch which consists of a central mandrel and a ring punch enclosing this central mandrel.
- a lower punch which consists of a central mandrel and a ring punch enclosing this central mandrel.
- ring stamps and center mandrels There are a variety of design options for ring stamps and center mandrels.
- the center mandrel preferably has an elliptical, circular or rectangular end face.
- the ring punch surrounding the center mandrel also has a circular bore in which the center mandrel can be freely moved up and down.
- the ring stamp has a plan in the form of two concentric circles.
- the upper ram the material to be pressed (premix) and lowers continues in the direction of the lower ram (lower ram).
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the stamps decreases continuously.
- From a certain position of the upper stamp (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) begins the plastic deformation, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- Part of the premix is also crushed and it comes into play even higher pressures to sinter the premix.
- the method according to the invention also allows the production of multi-layer molded bodies by preparing two or more layers of material to be pressed (premixes) which are pressed together and which may be the same or different from one another and / or the first layer.
- step b) the premix which was filled in first is slightly pre-pressed in order to obtain a smooth upper surface, and after the second premix is filled in in step c) it is finally pressed to give the finished molded article.
- a further pre-compression is carried out after each addition of the premix before the molding is finally pressed after the addition of the last premix. Due to the increasing technical complexity, a maximum of two-layer moldings are preferred in practice.
- a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention comprises the production of two-layer moldings containing detergents or cleaning agents by pressing two different particulate premixes onto one another, one of which contains one or more bleaching agents and the other one or more enzymes.
- the separation of bleaching agents and bleach activators which can optionally be used can also be advantageous, so that process variants according to the invention are preferred in which, in steps b) and c), two-layer molded articles which have a depression, are made by pressing two different particulate premixes together, one containing one or more bleaching agents and the other containing one or more bleach activators.
- the weight and shape of the trough body formed are determined by the position of the lower ram and the shape of the press tool determined.
- the upper die is preferably planar according to the invention, but can also be used for the purpose of impressing be raised by patterns, letters or lettering.
- the constant dosage in steps a) and c), even with high molding throughputs, is preferably achieved by volumetric metering of the premix.
- the trough shaped body can be in a predetermined spatial shape and predetermined Size. Practically all sensibly manageable come as a room shape Configurations into consideration with the molding of a trough in the molded body are compatible; for example, the training as a board, the shape of bars or bars, Cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well as special ones cylindrical configurations with circular or oval cross-section. This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to compact Cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the finished trough molding is made preferably pressed out of the die by the lower punch and, if necessary transported away by subsequent stripping and transport devices.
- the compression takes place in suitable presses, preferably in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double stamps. in the in the latter case, not only the upper stamp is used to build up pressure, but also the lower stamp moves towards the upper punch during the pressing process, during the Upper stamp presses down.
- Eccentric tablet presses are preferred for small production quantities used where the stamp or stamps on an eccentric disc are attached, which in turn on an axis with a certain rotational speed is mounted. The movement of this ram is usual with the way of working Four-stroke engine comparable.
- the pressing can be done with an upper and lower stamp several stamps can also be attached to an eccentric disc, the number of die holes is expanded accordingly.
- the throughputs of Eccentric presses vary from a few hundred to 3000 tablets per hour, depending on the type. For larger throughputs, it is preferable to choose rotary tablet presses on which a so-called die table a larger number of dies arranged in a circle is.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger ones Matrices are commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is a top and lower stamp assigned, again the pressing pressure active either only by the top resp. Lower stamp, or can be built up by both stamps.
- the Matrix table and the stamp move around a common vertical Axis, the stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during circulation placed in the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and discharge become.
- the stamp is required (filling, compacting, ejecting), these are curved tracks supported by additional low-pressure pieces, pull-down rails and lifting tracks.
- the die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix.
- the pressing pressure on the premix is individual via the pressing paths for upper and lower punches adjustable, the pressure build-up by rolling the punch shaft heads happens on adjustable pressure rollers.
- Rotary presses can also be equipped with two filling shoes to increase throughput be, with only a semicircle to produce a molded body must become. For the production of two- and multi-layer moldings are preferred several filling shoes arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first Layer is ejected before further filling.
- Rotary tablet presses are also can be equipped with single or multiple tools so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing. The throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over a million tablets per hour.
- Step d) of the method according to the invention there is a fixed one in particular Embossing element in the lower stamp the risk of a collision between the in Step d) of the method according to the invention over the surface of the rotating die table protruding embossing element and the filling shoe.
- Such a collision can According to the invention can be avoided by at least in steps a) and c) uses a filling shoe that has a tunnel-like channel through which the when lifting the lower ram above the rotating die table protruding Embossing element can slide through without contact.
- Tableting machines which can expediently be converted to carry out the method according to the invention are available, for example, from Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Collrtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU).
- Another object of the present invention is a device for producing trough moldings in a press, which is characterized in that the lower press ram has the embossing element forming the trough.
- the embossing element preferably consists of a hard material, in particular of ceramic, metal or a hard plastic, preferably of polyethylene, in particular of HDPE, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, hard PVC, glass fiber reinforced plastics, in particular of glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoethylene or glass fiber reinforced polyamide and / or it is coated with one of the aforementioned substances.
- the embossing element can also have a preferably disc-shaped insert made of a reversibly deformable material, preferably made of a material with a hardness of about 40 to 99 Shore A according to DIN 53505, particularly preferably made of a polyurethane material, in particular Vulkollan®, or a polyvinyl chloride ( PVC), especially Mipolam®.
- a reversibly deformable material preferably made of a material with a hardness of about 40 to 99 Shore A according to DIN 53505, particularly preferably made of a polyurethane material, in particular Vulkollan®, or a polyvinyl chloride ( PVC), especially Mipolam®.
- the embossing element (3) forming the trough is either fixed in the lower ram (2) integrated, as shown in Figure 2, or as a movable center mandrel in one multi-part, in particular two-part, lower press ram (2), as in Figure 1 shown.
- a rotary press is preferably used, particularly preferably a rotary press which is equipped with at least one filling shoe which has a tunnel-like channel through which the embossing element projecting over the rotating die table when the lower punch is lifted can slide through without contact. Presses in which the device according to the invention can be used have already been described in detail above. Embossing elements which can be used advantageously and materials for their production have also already been described in detail above.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of an inventive Device for the production of molded articles in the pharmaceutical industry, in the chemical industry, in or for the food, animal food and Confectionery industry; for the production of shaped charcoal or in particular for the production of washing, rinsing, cleaning or auxiliary washing tablets.
- advantageously compressible materials and mixtures for the production of washing, Flushing, cleaning or auxiliary washing tablets are in the patent application DE 198 31 704.2, to which reference is hereby made in full.
- Another object of the present invention is a trough shaped body, in particular a tray tablet, particularly preferably a two-layer tray tablet with a device according to the invention.
- the premix was pressed under identical pressing conditions with the upper and lower punches reversed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beim Hochdruck-Verfahren fallen verzweigte Polyethylene mit niedriger Dichte (ca. 0,915-0,935 g/cm3) und Kristallinitätsgraden von ca. 40-50% an, die man als LDPE-Typen bezeichnet. Produkte mit höherer Molmasse und dadurch bedingter verbesserter Festigkeit und Streckbarkeit tragen die Kurzbezeichnung HMW-LDPE (HMW=high molecular weight). Durch Copolymerisation des Ethylens mit längerkettigen Olefinen, insbesondere mit Buten und Octen, kann der ausgeprägte Verzweigungsgrad der im Hochdruck-Verfahren hergestellten Polyethylene reduziert werden; die Copolymere haben das Kurzzeichen LLD-PE (linear low density polyethylene). Die Makromoleküle der Polyethylene aus Niederdruck-Verfahren sind weitgehend linear und unverzweigt. Diese Polyethylene (HDPE) haben Kristallinitätsgrade von 60-80% und eine Dichte von ca. 0,94-0,965 g/cm3. Sie sind als Prägeelementmaterialien besonders geeignet.
Eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Polypropylene erreicht man durch Verstärkung mit Talkum, Kreide, Holzmehl oder Glasfasern, und auch das Aufbringen metallischer Überzüge ist möglich.
Die Herstellung der GFK erfolgt vorwiegend in Preßverfahren; weitere wichtige Fertigungsverfahren sind Handlaminier-, Faserspritz-, kontinuierliche Imprägnier-, Wickel- und Schleuderverfahren. Vielfach geht man auch von sogenannten Prepregs, mit Harzen vorimprägnierten Glasfasermaterialien, aus, die unter Anwendung von Druck in der Wärme gehärtet werden. Die GFK zeichnen sich gegenüber den nicht verstärkten Matrixpolymeren durch erhöhte Zug-, Biege- und Druckfestigkeit, Schlagzähigkeit, Formbeständigkeit und Stabilität gegenüber dem Einfluß von Wärme, Säuren, Salzen, Gasen oder Lösungsmitteln aus. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung haben sich insbesondere glasfaserverstärktes Polytetrafluoethylen und glasfaserverstärkte Polyamide als Prägeelementmaterialien bewährt.
Ein solches Prägeelement, das eine Einlage aus aus einem reversibel verformbaren Material aufweist, wird besonders bevorzugt als feststehendes Prägeelement eingesetzt.
Da mit zunehmender Komplexität der Preßflächen der beiden Teilstempel anwendungstechnische Probleme wie Stempelanbackungen, Deckeln, übermäßiger Verschleiß usw. stark ansteigen, ist es erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, einen Unterstempel einzusetzen, der aus einen Mittendorn und einem diesen Mittendorn umschließenden Ringstempel besteht. Es gibt es eine Vielzahl von Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für Ringstempel und Mittendorn. So kann beispielsweise bei einer eckigen Matrize und einem auf diese Matrize angepaßten Ringstempel mit eckigem Grundriß der Stirnfläche (Preßfläche) ein eckiger oder ein runder Mittendorn verwendet werden, was zu unterschiedlich geformten Mulden führt. Vorzugsweise weist der Mittendorn eine ellipsenformige, kreisrunde oder rechteckige Stirnfläche auf. Bei dieser Ausgestaltungsform weist der den Mittendorn umgebende Ringstempel eine ebenfalls kreisrunde Bohrung auf, in der der Mittendorn frei auf und ab bewegt werden kann. Diese Geometrie hat keinen Einfluß auf den äußeren Grundriß der Stirnfläche der Matrize (und damit des Ringstempels) - hier sind nach wie vor sämtliche Formvarianten möglich. Aus ästhetischen Gründen sind allerdings ebenfalls kreisrunde Matrizen zu bevorzugen. Bei dieser speziellen Ausgestaltungsform weist der Ringstempel einen Grundriß in Form zweier konzentrischer Kreise auf.
Aufgrund des zunehmenden technischen Aufwands sind in der Praxis maximal zweischichtige Formkörper bevorzugt. Hierbei können aus der Aufteilung bestimmter Inhaltsstoffe auf die einzelnen Schichten Vorteile erzielt werden.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfaßt die Herstellung zweischichtiger Muldenformkörper, enthaltend Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel, indem zwei unterschiedliche teilchenförmige Vorgemische aufeinander gepreßt werden, von denen eines ein oder mehrere Bleichmittel und das andere ein oder mehrere Enzyme enthält. Nicht nur diese Trennung von Bleichmittel und Enzymen kann Vorteile bringen, auch die Trennung von Bleichmitteln und optional einzusetzenden Bleichaktivatoren kann vorteilhaft sein, so daß erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensvarianten bevorzugt sind, bei denen in den Schritten b) und c) zweischichtige Formkörper, die eine Mulde aufweisen, hergestellt werden, indem zwei unterschiedliche teilchenformige Vorgemische aufeinander gepreßt werden, von denen eines ein oder mehrere Bleichmittel und das andere ein oder mehrere Bleichaktivatoren enthält.
Vorzugsweise besteht das Prägeelement aus einem harten Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Keramik, Metall oder einem harten Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus Polyethylen, insbesondere aus HDPE, Polypropylen, Polyamid, Polyurethan, Hart-PVC, glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffen, insbesondere aus glasfaserverstärktem Polytetrafluoethylen oder glasfaserverstärktem Polyamid und/oder es ist mit einer Beschichtung aus einem der vorgenannten Stoffe versehen. Das Prägeelement kann auch eine vorzugsweise scheibenförmige Einlage aus einem reversibel verformbaren Material aufweisen, vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer Härte von etwa 40 bis 99 Shore A nach DIN 53505, besonders bevorzugt aus einem Polyurethan-Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Vulkollan® , oder einem Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), insbesondere aus Mipolam® .
Pressen, in denen die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Einsatz kommen kann, sind oben bereits ausführlich beschrieben worden. Vorteilhaft einsetzbare Prägeelemente und Materialien zu deren Herstellung sind ebenfalls oben bereits ausführlich beschrieben worden.
- 52,0%
- Natriumtripolyphosphat
- 32,0%
- Natriumcarbonat
- 10,0%
- Natriumperborat
- 2,5%
- TAED (Tetraacetylendiamin)
- 1,0%
- Benzotriazol
- 2,5%
- C12-Fettalkohol mit 3 EO
Man beobachtete eine weitgehend identische Löslichkeit des ringförmigen Bereichs um die Mulde. Der Bereich unter der Mulde von Tablette 1 löste sich allerdings deutlich langsamer als der von Tablette 2.
- 1
- Matrize
- 2
- Ringstempel
- 3
- Mittendorn
- 4
- Muldenformkörper (einschichtig)
Claims (16)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Muldenformkörpern in einer Presse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mana) das zu verpressende Material in eine Matrize (1) füllt, deren Boden durch einen unteren Preßstempel (2) gebildet wird, der ein feststehendes oder als beweglicher Mittendorn ausgebildetes Prägeelement (3) aufweist,b) das Material in der Matrize zwischen dem unteren Preßstempel und einem oberen Preßstempel zu einem Muldenformkörper (4) preßt,c) gegebenenfalls eine weitere Schicht oder mehrere weitere Schichten zu verpressenden Materials auf die Oberseite des Muldenformkörpers (4) aufbringt und wie in Schritt b) zu einem mehrschichtigen Muldenformkörper verpreßt sowied) den Muldenformkörper aus der Matrize entfernt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Prägeelement einsetzt, das im wesentlichen aus einem harten Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Keramik, Metall oder einem harten Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus Polyethylen, insbesondere aus HDPE, Polypropylen, Polyamid, Polyurethan, Hart-PVC, glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffen, insbesondere aus glasfaserverstärktem Polytetrafluoethylen oder glasfaserverstärktem Polyamid besteht und/oder mit einer Beschichtung aus einem der vorgenannten Stoffe versehen ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Prägeelement einsetzt, das eine vorzugsweise scheibenförmige Einlage aus einem reversibel verformbaren Material aufweist, vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer Härte von etwa 40 bis 99 Shore A nach DIN 53505, besonders bevorzugt aus einem Polyurethan-Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Vulkollan® , oder einem Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), insbesondere aus Mipolam® .
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in Schritt b) einen planar ausgebildeten oberen Preßstempel einsetzt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in Schritt d) den Muldenformkörper durch Anheben des unteren Preßstempels aus der Matrize entfernt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Presse eine Rundlaufpresse einsetzt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in den Schritten a) und c) einen Füllschuh einsetzt, der einen tunnelähnlichen Kanal aufweist, durch den das beim Anheben des unteren Preßstempels über den rotierenden Matrizentisch vorstehende Prägeelement berührungsfrei hindurchgleiten kann.
- Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Muldenformkörpern in einer Presse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der untere Preßstempel (2) das die Mulde formende Prägeelement (3) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Prägeelement im wesentlichen aus einem harten Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Keramik, Metall oder einem harten Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus Polyethylen, insbesondere aus HDPE, Polypropylen, Polyamid, Polyurethan, Hart-PVC, glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffen, insbesondere aus glasfaserverstärktem Polytetrafluoethylen oder glasfaserverstärktem Polyamid besteht und/oder mit einer Beschichtung aus einem der vorgenannten Stoffe versehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Prägeelement eine vorzugsweise scheibenförmige Einlage aus einem reversibel verformbaren Material aufweist, vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer Härte von etwa 40 bis 99 Shore A nach DIN 53505, besonders bevorzugt aus einem Polyurethan-Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Vulkollan® , oder einem Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), insbesondere aus Mipolam® .
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Mulde formende Prägeelement feststehend in den unteren Preßstempel integriert ist und vorzugsweise eine gewölbte Kuppelform aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Mulde formende Prägeelement als beweglicher Mittendorn in einem mehrteiligen, insbesondere zweiteiligen, unteren Preßstempel ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11 oder 8 bis 10 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Presse eine Rundlaufpresse ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rundlaufpresse mit einem Füllschuh bestückt ist, der einen tunnelähnlichen Kanal aufweist, durch den das beim Anheben des unteren Preßstempels über den rotierenden Matrizentisch vorstehende Prägeelement berührungsfrei hindurchgleiten kann.
- Verwendung einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, 13 und 14 oder 8 bis 10 und 12 bis 14, zur Herstellung von Formkörpern in der pharmazeutische Industrie, in der chemischen Industrie, in der oder für die Nahrungsmittel-, Tiernahrungsmittel- und Süßwarenindustrie; zur Herstellung von Grillkohleformkörpern oder insbesondere zur Herstellung von Wasch-, Spül-, Reinigungs- oder Waschhilfsmittelformkörpern.
- Muldenformkörper, insbesondere Muldentablette, besonders bevorzugt zweischichtige Muldentablette, hergestellt mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, 13 und 14 oder 8 bis 10 und 12 bis 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10013449 | 2000-03-17 | ||
| DE10013449A DE10013449B4 (de) | 2000-03-17 | 2000-03-17 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung sowie Verwendung der Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Muldenformkörpern |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1136246A2 true EP1136246A2 (de) | 2001-09-26 |
| EP1136246A3 EP1136246A3 (de) | 2002-03-20 |
| EP1136246B1 EP1136246B1 (de) | 2006-10-18 |
Family
ID=7635400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01105728A Expired - Lifetime EP1136246B1 (de) | 2000-03-17 | 2001-03-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Muldenformkörpern |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1136246B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE342798T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10013449B4 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2273759T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008024406A3 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-08-07 | Duramed Pharmaceuticals Inc | Tabletting press |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1624904A (en) * | 1925-01-20 | 1927-04-12 | Bound Brook Oil Less Bearing | Method of and apparatus for forming bodies by pressure |
| DE910629C (de) * | 1943-08-21 | 1954-05-03 | Porzellanfabrik Kahla | Steuerung der Bewegung des Mantels von Pressformen auf hydraulisch bewegten Pressen |
| DE2604648C2 (de) * | 1976-02-04 | 1980-10-09 | Emil Korsch Spezialfabrik Fuer Komprimiermaschinen, 1000 Berlin | Rundlaufpresse |
| DE3506222C2 (de) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-12-11 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Vorrichtung zum Pressen von Sprengstoff-Formkörpern |
| JPH02240201A (ja) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-25 | Toto Ltd | 圧粉体の成形金型及び圧粉体の製造方法 |
| CA2154556C (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 2006-02-21 | Gerd Hinzmann | Undercut split die |
| EP1077807A1 (de) * | 1998-05-12 | 2001-02-28 | Biovail Technologies Ltd | Stempel-/ spitzezusammenbau zum herstellen von gepressten einzeldosierungseinheiten |
| DE19851426A1 (de) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
| CN1328499A (zh) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-12-26 | 汉高两合股份公司 | 具有抗粘连特性的冲压机 |
| DE19838103B4 (de) * | 1998-08-21 | 2014-02-20 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verwendung eines Tablettierstempels mit Antihafteigenschaften und damit hergestellte Wasch-, Spül-, Reinigungs- und Waschhilfsmitteltablette |
| DE19838396A1 (de) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Herstellung mehrphasiger Formkörper |
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 DE DE10013449A patent/DE10013449B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-08 AT AT01105728T patent/ATE342798T1/de active
- 2001-03-08 ES ES01105728T patent/ES2273759T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-08 EP EP01105728A patent/EP1136246B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-08 DE DE50111240T patent/DE50111240D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008024406A3 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-08-07 | Duramed Pharmaceuticals Inc | Tabletting press |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50111240D1 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
| ATE342798T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
| ES2273759T3 (es) | 2007-05-16 |
| DE10013449B4 (de) | 2007-03-01 |
| DE10013449A1 (de) | 2001-09-27 |
| EP1136246B1 (de) | 2006-10-18 |
| EP1136246A3 (de) | 2002-03-20 |
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