EP1126068B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement des tissus ou des tricots avec ammoniaque - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement des tissus ou des tricots avec ammoniaque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1126068B1
EP1126068B1 EP01102960A EP01102960A EP1126068B1 EP 1126068 B1 EP1126068 B1 EP 1126068B1 EP 01102960 A EP01102960 A EP 01102960A EP 01102960 A EP01102960 A EP 01102960A EP 1126068 B1 EP1126068 B1 EP 1126068B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
fabric
ammonia
drying
treatment
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01102960A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1126068A3 (fr
EP1126068A2 (fr
Inventor
Roberto Franchetti
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Individual
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B19/00—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/14—Containers, e.g. vats
    • D06B23/16—Containers, e.g. vats with means for introducing or removing textile materials without modifying container pressure
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B7/00—Mercerising, e.g. lustring by mercerising
    • D06B7/08—Mercerising, e.g. lustring by mercerising of fabrics of indefinite length

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for the continuous finishing of fabrics or knitwear in ammonia, and the device suitable to achieve the method.
  • the invention is applied in the field of textiles to perform continuous finishing treatments on fabrics or knitwear of cellulose fibres, for example cotton, viscose, linen or wool, so as to improve the distinctive characteristics of the product and provide a more valuable, comfortable, stable and resistant fabric for the making-up operations.
  • cellulose fibres for example cotton, viscose, linen or wool
  • the fabric before it is made up is subjected to various finishing treatments, the function of which, with dyeing, is to confer on the fabric the desired distinctive characteristics which improve the quality and usability by the final user.
  • These characteristics can comprise the pleasantness of the touch of the fabric, high resistance to ageing and wear, high mechanical resistance and resistance to abrasion, good compatibility with the skin, greater resistance to creasing.
  • a fabric is impregnated with ammonia for a time varying from 1 to 25 seconds and at a temperature of around -34°C, that is, the temperature of liquefaction of ammonia at atmospheric pressure; during the reaction step the fabric is normally subjected to longitudinal or transverse tension.
  • the quality of the fabrics is improved because ammonia exerts a swelling effect on the cellulose fibres with a crystalline orientation of the cellulose, without damaging the structure of the fibre as happens with other treatments, for example with caustic soda or similar.
  • This treatment gives the textile material various advantages, including a greater affinity with the dyes, a better stability in washing, a better anti-crease effect, a softer touch, and the "new" effect is maintained for a long time even after repeated washes.
  • the plants used at present generally have high investment and management costs which allow the plants to be installed only for very high volumes of work. Moreover, these plants have the problem that they pollute the air and are also unsafe for the workers, because it is difficult totally to prevent ammonia leakage at outlet from the treatment.
  • a first system described for example in the patents BE-A-1.009.874 and US-A-4.189.847 provides to immerse the fabric emerging from the ammonia treatment into a solution of tepid water, with a subsequent distillation of the ammonia solution and condensation of the ammonia.
  • This system has problems caused by the high consumption of electric and heat energy, and by the complexity and difficulty of managing the plant.
  • the device described in these patents comprises, in general, an ammonia treatment chamber kept substantially at atmospheric pressure and a small entrance chamber, before said treatment chamber, defined by a system with two sliding seals, the purpose of which is to insulate the inside of the machine from the outside environment.
  • the small chamber before the treatment chamber is kept at a slight depression by a ventilator, which conveys the gases of air and ammonia to a regeneration plant.
  • the fabric enters the treatment chamber taking with it a large quantity of air inside the interstices of the fibres.
  • the air consists of nitrogen, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, which are pollutants for ammonia.
  • the present Applicant has devised and tested a solution which solves these problems and allows to obtain other advantages as set forth hereafter, based on the experiences of the state of the art and the problems of industrial applicability as shown.
  • the purpose of the invention is to achieve a method and device for the continuous finishing treatment in ammonia of fabrics with cellulose based fibres, wherein the conditions of recovery and regeneration of the ammonia are improved, preventing problems of environmental contamination and reducing the costs deriving from the leakage of said substance.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to achieve a device which has lower installation and management costs than those of existing plants.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate a specific section dedicated to recovering the ammonia by separating the air and the water vapors from the ammonia vapors; said recovery section in fact entails high installation and management costs.
  • the fabric to be treated is subjected to a treatment of complete de-aeration (de-gassing) and/or drying inside a closed chamber where a great depression is created with respect to atmospheric pressure, for example with a residual pressure of around 1ö200 millibar.
  • the residual pressure is around 1ö10 millibar.
  • the main purpose of the de-aeration is to eliminate every trace of air from the fabric, so that the fabric is presented for impregnation or immersion substantially without any air in the interstices between the fibres and in a condition of substantially zero residual humidity.
  • a heated roller inside the depression chamber there is at least a heated roller, the function of which is to make the residual humidity contained inside the textile material evaporate, before it is impregnated with ammonia.
  • the fabric At outlet from the ammonia treatment, after the fabric has possibly been squeezed to eliminate the excess liquid, the fabric is subjected to a drying process which causes the ammonia incorporated in the fabric to vaporize.
  • the ammonia vaporizes practically in a pure state, and therefore no complex processes or the relative plants are necessary, to separate the ammonia from the air in the vapor stage or from the water in the liquid solution stage.
  • the vaporized ammonia can therefore be directly returned to the liquid state by means of appropriate cooling and condensation, or by compression.
  • the recovered liquid ammonia in a preferential embodiment, is returned to the impregnation zone, together with a possible percentage of fresh ammonia needed to reintegrate the quantity lost through chemical reaction during the processing.
  • the fabric downstream of the drying zone and before outlet from the treatment, the fabric is subjected to a further step of drying in a closed environment wherein a great depression is created with respect to atmospheric pressure, so as to eliminate every residue of ammonia between the fibres of the fabric.
  • the closed environment cooperates with heating means able to accentuate the drying action on the fabric before it is discharged from the treatment device.
  • the number 10 denotes generally a device for treating a fabric 11 in liquid ammonia, said fabric 11 arriving from previous preparation, finishing and possibly dyeing steps.
  • the device 10 comprises in sequence a drying/de-aeration chamber 12, an ammonia treatment chamber 13, a main drying chamber 14 and a final de-aeration/drying chamber 15.
  • At least the chambers 13 and 14, in other embodiments, can be incorporated into a single chamber if they are working in equal pressure conditions, for example atmospheric pressure.
  • sealing means 16 of the roller type, able to prevent air from outside entering inside the chambers, and also to prevent a chamber being contaminated by another chamber .
  • the impregnation chamber 13 and the main drying chamber 14 work, in this case, at equal pressure and are not separated by sealing means.
  • sealing means 16 shown are all of the same type; however, it is clear that any type of sealing means 16 suitable for the purpose can be used.
  • the function of the first drying/de-aeration chamber 12 is to completely de-aerate the fabric 11 at inlet to eliminate every trace or residue of air mixed between the fibres and in the interstices of the fabric 11.
  • the chamber 12 is equipped with pump means 28 able to create inside an environment of great depression with respect to atmospheric pressure, for example with a residual pressure in the range of 1ö200 millibar, advantageously between 1ö10 millibar.
  • the fabric 11 entering the device 10 is therefore made to pass through said first chamber 12 on conveyor rollers 17, wherein, thanks to the great depression, it is subjected to extremely intense de-aeration and drying which eliminates all the air between the fibres.
  • At least the first conveyor roller 17 is advantageously heated and its function is to make the residual humidity present in the fabric 11 evaporate, before it is impregnated with ammonia.
  • the degassed fabric 11 is sent, through relative sealing means 16, to the ammonia treatment chamber 13, in which it is immersed in a tank 18 containing a quantity of liquid ammonia 19.
  • the fabric 11 is immersed in the tank 18 by wrapping the fabric 11 on a roller 20a partly immersed in the tank 18.
  • the chamber 13 is kept at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature suitable to keep the ammonia 19 in its liquid state at that pressure, that is, around -34°C.
  • the chamber 13 is kept in a condition of depression, or slight pressure, to lower the liquefaction temperature of the ammonia.
  • a roller 20b associated with the roller 20a performs a squeezing function; it can be brought into contact with the roller 20a with an adjustable pressure to subject the fabric 11 to a more or less intense squeezing.
  • the fabric 11 is then accompanied under tension towards the outlet of the chamber 13 by a plurality of conveyor rollers 20c, arranged on offset planes so that it has the time to react to a controlled tension, for a time normally between 5 and 25 seconds, advantageously between 5 and 15 seconds.
  • the fabric 11 is then made to exit from the chamber 13 and sent to the main drying chamber 14.
  • the fabric 11 is dried by making it pass continuously in contact with three heated rollers 22; it is clear, however, that the number and arrangement of the rollers 22 can be different from the one shown here.
  • the chamber 14 can work at atmospheric pressure, in depression or also in pressure..
  • the heating performed by the rollers 22 causes the ammonia, present in a liquid state between the fibres of the fabric 11, to evaporate.
  • the ammonia vaporizes in the chamber 14 in a nearly pure state, since all contact and mixing of the ammonia with air or other gases has been prevented.
  • the ammonia vapors which develop inside the chamber 14 are collected by means of a fume intake tube 21 (Fig. 2) associated with a ventilator/suction device 23, and sent to a condenser 24 able to cool the vapors and fumes and to condense any possible traces of ammonia solution.
  • the condenser 24 is associated with a storage tank 25 where the NH 4 OH, which can form from the reaction of the residual water taken in by the fabric 11 with the ammonia vapors, is collected.
  • the storage tank 25 can be associated with heating means (not shown) able to encourage a subsequent evaporation of the ammonia.
  • the partly cooled ammonia is conveyed from the condenser 24 to a cooling device 26, for example of the chiller type.
  • the function of the device 26 is to lower the temperature of the ammonia to around -34°C, that is, the temperature of liquefaction at atmospheric pressure, and allow to refill the impregnation tank 18 with liquid ammonia by means of an introduction tube 27. Between the cooling device 26 and the tank 18 there can be an accumulation tank for the liquid ammonia.
  • the fabric 11 is sent, through sealing means 16, to a final drying chamber 15, the function of which is to eliminate from the fabric 11 the residual traces of ammonia in the interstices of the fibres and partly bound, though weakly, to the fibres themselves.
  • the chamber 15 is associated with a vacuum pump 29 suitable to create inside a great depression with respect to atmospheric pressure (with a residual pressure in the range of 1ö200 millibar, advantageously 1ö10 millibar) in order to completely de-aerate the fabric 11, removing every residue of ammonia, normally present in this step to a percentage of 2ö3%.
  • the fabric 11 is made to pass in the chamber 15, in this case, above a heated roller 22 which causes an even more energetic evaporation of the residual ammonia fumes.
  • the heated roller 22 may be omitted.
  • a vaporizer bar inside the final drying chamber 15, and upstream of the heated roller 22, there is a vaporizer bar, or a mixture of steam and nebulized water.
  • the ammonia fumes produced in the chamber 15 are sucked in through the vacuum pump 29 and conveyed to the tube 21.
  • the fumes mix in with the fumes sucked in by the drying chamber 14 by means of the ventilator/suction device 23 and conveyed to the condenser 24 to reintegrate the ammonia as explained above.
  • the condenser 24 is associated with a heat-regulation system to cool the fumes of NH 3 and possibly to condense traces of water and NH 4 OH.
  • the compressor 31 causes the ammonia vapors arriving from the condenser 24 to liquefy, by means of compression; it thus substantially performs the same function as the cooling device in Fig. 2.
  • the liquid ammonia is then stored in a tank 32.
  • the tank 32 is associated with cooling means able to cool the ammonia which, at these pressures, is in a liquid state.
  • the main function of the chambers 12 and 15 is to separate the outer, polluting environment from the zones where the fabric is impregnated with ammonia, preventing all contamination with air and water; on the one hand this facilitates the elimination and recovery of the ammonia from the fabric, and on the other hand it greatly reduces the risk of environmental contamination.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Procédé pour la finition en continu de textiles (11) ou de tricot dans de l'ammoniac comprenant au moins une étape d'imprégnation du textile (11) dans de l'ammoniac liquide et au moins une étape consécutive de chauffage/séchage du textile (11), le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'avant ladite imprégnation avec de l'ammoniac liquide, il se compose d'une étape au cours de laquelle le textile (11) est soumis à au moins un traitement de désaération/dégazage complet réalisé dans un environnement (12) fermé de façon substantielle et maintenu dans des conditions de grande dépression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient une étape de séchage du textile (11) en association avec ladite étape de désaération/dégazage.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de séchage est réalisée en mettant ledit textile (11) en contact avec au moins un élément d'étirage chauffé (17).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose que la pression résiduelle maintenue dans ledit environnement (12) dans des conditions de grande dépression s'inscrive dans une plage de 1 + 200 mbar.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose que la pression résiduelle maintenue dans ledit environnement (12) dans des conditions de grande dépression s'inscrive dans une plage de 1 + 10 mbar.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il soumet le textile (11) provenant de l'étape de chauffage et de séchage à une étape finale de dégazage et de séchage possible réalisée dans un environnement (15) substantiellement fermé et qu'il est maintenu dans des conditions de grande dépression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose que la pression résiduelle maintenue dans ledit environnement (15) dans des conditions de grande dépression s'inscrive dans une plage de 1 + 200 mbar, de préférence, de 1 + 10 mbar.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose de soumettre le textile (11) à un traitement thermique à l'intérieur dudit environnement (15) réalisé à l'aide d'au moins un rouleau chauffé (22) pour accentuer l'action de séchage.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8 incluses, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose de soumettre le textile (11) à un traitement de vaporisation/humidification à l'intérieur dudit environnement (15) pour éliminer des traces d'ammoniac résiduel entre les interstices et les fibres.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose de transporter les fumées et les vapeurs obtenues à partir de l'étape de chauffage/séchage à au moins une étape de refroidissement/condensation pour ramener l'ammoniac sous forme liquide.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il propose d'acheminer les fumées et les vapeurs obtenues à partir de l'étape de chauffage/séchage vers au moins une étape de compression avec des pressions s'inscrivant dans la plage de 8 + 15 bar pour liquéfier lesdites fumées et vapeurs et ramener l'ammoniac sous forme liquide.
  12. Dispositif pour la finition des textiles ou de tricot dans l'ammoniac, comprenant au moins une chambre (13) dans laquelle le textile (11) est traité avec un ammoniac liquide et une chambre de séchage (14) est agencée en aval de ladite chambre de traitement (13), le dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que, en amont de ladite chambre (13), il comprend au moins une chambre (12) pour la désaération et le dégazage complet du textile (11), à l'intérieur de laquelle chambre le textile (11) est réalisé pour passer avant d'être envoyé vers le traitement d'ammoniac, ladite chambre (12) étant associée avec des moyens (28) permettant de créer à l'intérieur un environnement de grande dépression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (28) sont en mesure de créer une pression résiduelle à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (12) dans une plage de 1 + 200 mbar, avantageusement, 1 + 10 mbar.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que qu'il comprend des moyens pour sécher le textile (11) agencés à l'intérieur de ladite chambre de désaération et de dégazage (12).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de séchage comprennent au moins un rouleau chauffé (17) autour duquel le textile (11) est enroulé.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 15 incluses, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une chambre de séchage et de désaération finale (15) à l'intérieur de laquelle le tissu (11) est réalisé après son passage à travers ladite chambre de séchage (14), ladite chambre (15) étant associée avec des moyens (29) capables de créer ici un environnement présentant une grande dépression.
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens (29) sont en mesure de créer une pression résiduelle à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (15) dans une plage de 1 + 200 mbar, avantageusement, de 1 + 10 mbar.
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un rouleau chauffé (22) agencé à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (15) et en mesure de sécher le textile (11) passant à travers.
  19. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour la vaporisation et l'humidification dudit textile (11) agencés à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (15).
  20. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 19 incluses, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'étanchéité (16) agencés entre l'extérieur du dispositif (10) et ladite chambre de désaération (12) et entre ladite chambre (12) et ladite chambre de traitement (13).
  21. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 20 incluses, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'étanchéité (16) agencés entre ladite chambre de séchage (14) et ladite chambre de séchage final (15) et entre ladite chambre de séchage final (15) et l'extérieur du dispositif (10).
  22. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un dispositif de refroidissement (26) agencé en aval de ladite chambre de séchage final (15), ledit dispositif de refroidissement (26) étant en mesure de liquéfier les vapeurs d'ammoniac, aspirées au moins depuis l'intérieur de ladite chambre de séchage (14) et permet au dit ammoniac d'être réutilisé dans la chambre de traitement (13).
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de compression (31) avec une pression de fonctionnement élevée d'environ 8 à 15 bars agencés en aval de ladite chambre de séchage final (15), lesdits moyens de compression (31) étant en mesure de liquéfier les vapeurs d'ammoniac, aspirées au moins depuis l'intérieur de ladite chambre de séchage (14), et qu'il permet au dit ammoniac d'être réutilisé dans la chambre de traitement (13).
EP01102960A 2000-02-15 2001-02-08 Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement des tissus ou des tricots avec ammoniaque Expired - Lifetime EP1126068B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2000UD000034A IT1314796B1 (it) 2000-02-15 2000-02-15 Procedimento di finissaggio in ammoniaca per tessuti o maglieria erelativo dispositivo.
ITUD000034 2000-02-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1126068A2 EP1126068A2 (fr) 2001-08-22
EP1126068A3 EP1126068A3 (fr) 2002-02-13
EP1126068B1 true EP1126068B1 (fr) 2004-04-28

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EP (1) EP1126068B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE265565T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60102952D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1314796B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITFI20030088A1 (it) * 2003-04-02 2004-10-03 Biancalani S P A Metodo ed impianto per il trattamento di materiali tessili con ammoniaca od altri prodotti liquidi
ITUD20060033A1 (it) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Lafer Spa Impianto per il trattamento di tessuti con ammoniaca, e relativo sistema di recupero dell'ammoniaca
ITMI20121360A1 (it) * 2012-08-01 2014-02-02 Reggiani Macchine Spa Macchina e metodo per la mercerizzazione di filati o tessuti
US10619292B2 (en) 2016-09-12 2020-04-14 Indigo Mill Designs, Inc. Indigo dyeing process and apparatus and indigo dyed yarns and fabrics made thereby
CN109629163B (zh) * 2019-01-23 2021-09-28 浙江工业职业技术学院 家纺用纯亚麻沙发坐垫面料的制作工艺
CN110318188B (zh) * 2019-06-28 2021-05-18 鲁泰纺织股份有限公司 针织面料及其制造方法、使用装置和制备的服装
CN112301498B (zh) * 2020-09-28 2022-06-21 南通盖宝家纺有限公司 一种手感柔软的面料及其生产工艺
CN113605011B (zh) * 2021-07-28 2023-06-09 武汉纺织大学 一种提高棉无纺布亲水性的连续式液氨整理加工装置及方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU465072B2 (en) * 1971-01-14 1975-09-18 Cluett, Peabody & Co., Inc Method and apparatus for quickly treating fabrics with liquid ammonia
BR7409382A (pt) * 1974-07-19 1976-05-18 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Processo para recuperacao e reuso de amonia liquida,aparelho para processamento de tecidos com amonia liquida e sistema para recuperacao e reuso de amonia servida de um processo de tratamento com amonia liquida
US4189847A (en) * 1977-12-15 1980-02-26 Cluett, Peabody & Co., Inc. Process and apparatus for removal of ammonia in a liquid ammonia fabric treating system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1314796B1 (it) 2003-01-16
DE60102952D1 (de) 2004-06-03
ATE265565T1 (de) 2004-05-15
EP1126068A3 (fr) 2002-02-13
EP1126068A2 (fr) 2001-08-22
ITUD20000034A1 (it) 2001-08-15

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