EP1124094B1 - Refractory ceramic tile and associated wall construction for a furnace - Google Patents

Refractory ceramic tile and associated wall construction for a furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1124094B1
EP1124094B1 EP01101412A EP01101412A EP1124094B1 EP 1124094 B1 EP1124094 B1 EP 1124094B1 EP 01101412 A EP01101412 A EP 01101412A EP 01101412 A EP01101412 A EP 01101412A EP 1124094 B1 EP1124094 B1 EP 1124094B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
plate
wall structure
furnace wall
structure according
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01101412A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1124094A1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Wilhelmi
Klaus Eichler
Herbert Kinne
Markus Horn
Max Köpf
Alfred Frey
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Didier Werke AG
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Didier Werke AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05002—Means for accommodate thermal expansion of the wall liner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F27D1/141—Anchors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F27D1/145—Assembling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes
    • F27D2009/0032—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes integrated with refractories in a panel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refractory ceramic plate and an associated wall structure for a Incinerator, such as a Incinerator.
  • the wall structure comprises a (usually metallic) Oven wall in which a plurality of tubes spaced are arranged to each other in the operation of a Fluid, usually water, to be flowed through.
  • a Fluid usually water
  • Both the refractory plates and the ones behind arranged mass should have a good thermal conductivity to transfer heat from the furnace interior to the fluid flowed through pipes to lead.
  • the heated fluid is for steam and / or power generation or for Heating purposes used as secondary energy.
  • the known wall assembly meets these requirements.
  • EP 0281 863 A1 describes a plate with vertical slots to to be able to hang the plate.
  • the object of the invention is a possibility to show how a wall structure of the type mentioned in terms of its heat conduction to different Purpose can be adjusted.
  • the plate points in the extension of each of its recesses a blind hole, which is the inclusion of a for example, angled free anchor end is used.
  • the blind hole substantially parallel to the Main surfaces of the plate and thus essentially parallel to the furnace wall. That way you can the panels are mounted slightly parallel to the furnace wall.
  • the recesses can be completely in the range of Main surface of the plate lie. It is also possible to make the recesses so that they themselves continue into the edge area of the plate. This Embodiment will be in the following Description of the figures explained in more detail.
  • the plates can then laterally on the angled anchor ends and - depending on geometric design of the anchor - vertically in the final position to be postponed.
  • a deformable compensation layer can be arranged between corresponding edge regions of adjacent plates.
  • This Leveling layer is already fixed to the plate.
  • a rectangular plate with rectangular Main surfaces can be this way, for example two adjacent edge regions of the plate prefabricated.
  • the compensation layer of a fiber material exist, for example, a Dämmst Shape on the corresponding edge region (s) of the plate is glued on (are).
  • the joint area between adjacent plates can be filled after their laying with a compressed fiber layer.
  • a fiber mat or a fiber strip whose thickness is above the joint width, first moistened and then (easier) to be compressed so as to be inserted into the joint (the gap) can.
  • the fiber layer presses in by expansion (due to the restoring forces of the fibers) in-situ in the joint and seals it off.
  • the bulk density of the fiber layer can be increased during compression to 2 to 3 times the original bulk density (eg 35-70 kg / m 3 ).
  • Crystalline fibers are particularly suitable, for example those based on aluminum oxide (eg 95 wt .-% Al 2 O 3 , 5 wt .-% SiO 2 ).
  • the recesses in the plates can be filled with fiber material. This joint training can be implemented independently of the above-mentioned applications.
  • the fact that the anchor at defined locations of Oven wall can be fixed and the plates one own defined size can be by simple Slip or push the panels onto the anchors achieve an exact assignment of the plates, so that the plates to a continuous surface for Complete the oven interior.
  • the assembly can be further simplified and the assembly time be shortened if anchors are used, the two Have arms in the recesses of adjacent plates einre. This way you can with a single Anchor two anchoring points, one each adjacent plates are provided. This too will continue in the following description of the figures explained.
  • the plates may consist of a material based on silicon carbide and / or aluminum oxide, for example with addition of Cr 2 O 3 . Both have a good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance or slag resistance. About the material of the plates and their heat conduction, the heat flow from the furnace to the tubes of the furnace wall can be adjusted.
  • a refractory mass to fill the cavity between slabs and furnace wall offers a casting mass, in particular a so-called free-flowing casting compound, the filled without vibration aids in the cavity can be.
  • This cementless masses as well as low-cement masses are used.
  • These casting compounds have as well as other refractory ceramic compositions have good thermal conductivity values and are highly resistant to corrosion, so that they are the associated Oven wall with integrated pipes can protect.
  • the heat resistant filling in the area of Recesses can be made of a ceramic mass or fiber materials consist. Ceramic materials for this purpose can those based on silicon carbide, vermiculite, corundum and / or bauxite and are known per se (e.g. CARSITECT 170V from DIDIER-WERKE AG, Wiesbaden).
  • Figure 2 shows a plate 10 with two rectangular Main surfaces 10.1, 10.2, two side plan Edge areas 10.3, 10.4 and two graduated upper and lower edge areas 10.5, 10.6.
  • the recesses 12.1, 12.2 and associated blind holes 14 serve to accommodate anchors that are related with the following description of Figure 1 in more detail to be discribed:
  • Figure 1 shows a wall structure, here for a Incinerator.
  • the wall construction comprises a furnace wall 30 with a plurality, parallel spaced arranged, can flow through water pipes 32, the on both sides over the between adjacent pipes 32nd extending furnace wall sections 30.1 protrude.
  • V-shaped Metal anchor 16 welded, each having two arms 16.1, 16.2 and substantially perpendicular to the furnace wall 30 run.
  • the free ends 16e of the anchor arms 16.1, 16.2 are oppositely angled and reach into the explained with reference to Figure 2 recesses 12.1, 12.2 or with their free ends 16e in the associated blind holes 14 of the plates 10 a.
  • the remaining area of the recesses 12.1, 12.2 is with a heat-deformable, heat-resistant Filling 15, here a ceramic mass based Silicon carbide, filled in the anchor 16 with their Insert ends 16e.
  • a plate 10 is formed corresponding anchor arms 16.1, 16.2 held and aligned.
  • Several plates 10 are next to each other and assembled one on top of the other so as to form a closed one Wall surface with plane parallel surface 10o to Furnace interior 18 form out.
  • the arrangement of the plates 10 is between the Plate wall and the furnace wall 30 a cavity 38 trained, with a refractory casting compound on Base is filled with alumina while keeping the Anchor arms 16.1, 16.2 covered.
  • the plates 10 and the mass 38 located in the cavity 40 have good thermal conductivity and Corrosion resistance to aggressive gases.
  • the distance between the backs 10.1 of the plates 10th and the furnace wall 30 can over the length of the anchor 16 be set. Alternatively or cumulatively, the Distance can also be adjusted via spacers, the indicated dotted in Figures 1 and 2 and with 10n Marked are.
  • the spacers 10n are here material fit from the furnace wall 30 facing Surface of the plates 10 formed and lie against corresponding pipes 32 at.
  • Edge areas 10.5, 10.6 of the slabs should be flat. Also, any other geometry of the plates 10 possible.
  • Corresponding Surface sections 10.5, 10.6 of plates 10 are here formed in the manner of a tongue and groove connection, namely with spring 10.5f or groove 10.6n in the area between corresponding major surfaces 10.1, 10.2.
  • the 10.5s 10.5s face and 10.6b base Groove 10.6n are with groove-like depressions 10.5v, 10.6v formed a ceramic sealing cord Record 36d, while the rest of the joint area 34 with a ceramic fiber material or an elastic ceramic putty 36 is filled as above described.
  • This joint training is independent of above described application possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Abstract

A refractory ceramic plate and an accompanying wall structure for an incinerator, such as a garbage incinerator. The refractory ceramic plate has at least two recesses arranged on a main surface of the plate, wherein a blind hole runs from each recess to the interior of the plate. The wall structure features a furnace wall, in which numerous pipes spaced apart from each other, through which a fluid can flow, are arranged. Anchors are secured to sections of the furnace wall with one end, and project essentially perpendicularly from the furnace wall. A hollow space is formed between the furnace wall and the refractory ceramic plates spaced parallel apart from the furnace wall. Joints are formed between boundary regions of the refractory ceramic plates on main surfaces thereof, facing the furnace wall. The anchors lie in the joints, with free ends embedded in a heat-resistant filling. A heat-resistant, deformable compensating layer is provided in the joint area between adjacent plates. A refractory compound fills the hollow space between the furnace wall and the refractory ceramic plates, and covers sections of the anchors running into the hollow space.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine feuerfeste keramische Platte sowie einen zugehörigen Wandaufbau für einen Verbrennungsofen, beispielsweise eine Müllverbrennungsanlage.The invention relates to a refractory ceramic plate and an associated wall structure for a Incinerator, such as a Incinerator.

Die DE 44 20 294 C2 beschreibt einen grundsätzlichen Wandaufbau für einen solchen Abfallverbrennungsofen.DE 44 20 294 C2 describes a fundamental Wall construction for such a waste incinerator.

Danach umfaßt der Wandaufbau eine (meist metallische) Ofenwand, in der eine Vielzahl von Rohren beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind, die im Betrieb von einem Fluid, meist Wasser, durchströmt werden.Thereafter, the wall structure comprises a (usually metallic) Oven wall in which a plurality of tubes spaced are arranged to each other in the operation of a Fluid, usually water, to be flowed through.

An der Ofenwand sind Anker befestigt, die im wesentlichen senkrecht von der Ofenwand abstehen und eine Armierungsfunktion in einer an der Ofenwand anliegenden keramischen Masse erfüllen, an die sich zum Ofeninnenraum hin feuerfeste keramische Platten anschließen.At the furnace wall anchors are attached, which are substantially stand vertically from the oven wall and one Arming function in a voltage applied to the furnace wall meet ceramic mass, to which the furnace interior connect fireproof ceramic plates.

Sowohl die feuerfesten Platten als auch die dahinter angeordnete Masse sollen eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisen, um Wärme vom Ofeninnenraum zu den Fluid durchströmten Rohren zu führen. Das erwärmte Fluid wird zur Dampf- und/oder Stromerzeugung beziehungsweise für Heizzwecke als Sekundärenergie genutzt.Both the refractory plates and the ones behind arranged mass should have a good thermal conductivity to transfer heat from the furnace interior to the fluid flowed through pipes to lead. The heated fluid is for steam and / or power generation or for Heating purposes used as secondary energy.

Die bekannte Wandanordnung erfüllt diese Anforderungen.The known wall assembly meets these requirements.

Neben der guten Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegenüber den aggressiven Verbrennungsgasen im Ofenraum gefordert. Dies gilt sowohl für die Platten als auch die dahinter befindliche feuerfeste Masse. Auf diese Weise soll auch die Ofenwand vor Korrosion geschützt werden. In addition to the good thermal conductivity is a high Corrosion resistance to the aggressive Combustion gases required in the furnace room. This is true for the plates as well as the ones behind refractory mass. In this way, the furnace wall should protected against corrosion.

Die EP 0281 863 AI beschreibt eine Platte mit vertikalen Schlitzen, um die Platte aufhängen zu können.EP 0281 863 A1 describes a plate with vertical slots to to be able to hang the plate.

In den EP 962 696 Al, US-A-3828 735 und DE-U-9116206 sind weitere feuerfeste Platten beschrieben, die zur Auskleidung von Verbrennungsöfen dienen.In EP 962 696 Al, US-A-3828 735 and DE-U-9116206 are further refractory plates described to the lining of Incinerators serve.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, wie ein Wandaufbau der genannten Art hinsichtlich seiner Wärmeleitung an unterschiedliche Einsatzzwecke angepaßt werden kann. Außerdem soll der Wandaufbau Längenänderungen der Platten bei wechselnder Temperaturbeanspruchung problemlos standhalten.The object of the invention is a possibility to show how a wall structure of the type mentioned in terms of its heat conduction to different Purpose can be adjusted. In addition, the should Wall construction Length changes of the plates with changing Withstand temperature stress without problems.

Der nachstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegen verschiedene Überlegungen zugrunde:The solution according to the invention described below There are various considerations:

Um den Wärmefluß vom Ofeninnenraum zu den Fluid durchströmten Röhren einstellbar zu gestalten soll die monolithische Schicht zwischen Ofenwand und Platten in ihrer Stärke (Dicke) variabel sein. Daraus leitet sich die Erkenntnis ab, die Armierungsanker nicht in der monolithischen Masse auslaufen zu lassen, sondern so zu verlängern, daß sie sich durch die monolithische Masse erstrecken und dabei gleichzeitig der Aufnahme der davor angeordneten Platten dienen.To control the heat flow from the furnace interior to the fluid flowed through tubes should be adjustable to the monolithic layer between furnace wall and plates in their thickness (thickness) be variable. This leads to it the knowledge, the armor anchors not in the to let go of monolithic mass but so too extend that through the monolithic mass extend while at the same time recording the front arranged plates serve.

Dabei soll die Verbindung der Anker in korrespondierenden Aussparungen der Platten so erfolgen, daß auch bei Längenänderungen der Platten bei wechselnder Temperaturbeanspruchung keine Rißbildung in den Platten entsteht. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt sieht die Erfindung auch vor, im Randbereich zwischen benachbarten Platten eine verformbare Ausgleichsschicht anzuordnen. In seiner allgemeinsten Ausführungsform ist der Wandaufbau durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet:

  • eine Ofenwand, in der eine Vielzahl von Fluid durchströmbaren Rohren beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind,
  • Anker, die mit einem Ende an Abschnitten der Ofenwand befestigt sind und im wesentlichen senkrecht von der Ofenwand abstehen,
  • feuerfeste keramische Platten, die unter Ausbildung eines Hohlraums zwischen der Ofenwand und den Platten im Abstand parallel zur Ofenwand sowie unter Ausbildung von Fugen zwischen ihren Randbereichen auf ihren der Ofenwand zugewandten Hauptoberflächen Aussparungen aufweisen, in denen die Anker mit ihren freien Enden eingebettet in einer auch unter Hitze verformbaren hitzebeständigen Füllung einliegen,
  • hitzebeständige, verformbare Ausgleichsschichten im Fugenbereich zwischen benachbarten Platten, sowie
  • eine, den Hohlraum ausfüllende und Abschnitte der Anker überdeckende feuerfeste Masse.
The connection of the anchor should be made in corresponding recesses of the plates so that even with changes in length of the plates with changing temperature stress no cracking in the plates is formed. From this point of view, the invention also provides to arrange a deformable compensation layer in the edge region between adjacent plates. In its most general embodiment, the wall structure is characterized by the following features:
  • a furnace wall, in which a plurality of fluid-flow-through tubes are arranged at a distance from one another,
  • Anchors fixed at one end to sections of the furnace wall and projecting substantially perpendicularly from the furnace wall,
  • refractory ceramic plates which, while forming a cavity between the furnace wall and the plates at a distance parallel to the furnace wall and to form joints between their edge regions on their furnace wall facing the main surfaces have recesses in which the anchors embedded with their free ends in an under Heat deformable heat resistant filling,
  • heat-resistant, deformable leveling layers in the joint area between adjacent panels, as well as
  • a, the cavity filling and sections of the anchor covering refractory mass.

Bei diesem Wandaufbau werden die dem Ofenraum benachbarten Platten quasi "schwimmend" verlegt. Ihre Befestigung und Ausrichtung untereinander erfolgt über die Anker. Die Anker liegen jedoch nicht bündig in korrespondierenden Aussparungen der Platten ein, vielmehr ist um die entsprechenden Abschnitte der Anker herum eine verformbare, hitzebeständige Füllung vorgesehen, die der Kompensation von Längenänderungen unter Temperaturlast dient. Gleiches gilt für die in den Fugenbereichen angeordneten hitzebeständigen, verformbaren Ausgleichschichten.In this wall construction, the furnace room adjacent plates laid quasi "floating". Your Fastening and alignment with each other is done via the anchors. However, the anchors are not flush in corresponding recesses of the plates, rather is one around the corresponding sections of the anchors deformable, heat-resistant filling provided by the Compensation of length changes under temperature load serves. The same applies to those in the joint areas arranged heat-resistant, deformable Leveling layers.

Über die Länge der Anker kann der Abstand der Platten zur Ofenwand beliebig eingestellt werden. Auf diese Weise läßt sich der Wärmefluß vom Ofenraum zu den Rohren der Ofenwand einstellen. Der Abstand der Platten zur Ofenwand kann alternativ oder kumulativ auch über Abstandhalter definiert werden, die als integraler Bestandteil der Platten ausgebildet sein können.Over the length of the anchors, the distance of the plates to the Furnace wall can be set arbitrarily. In this way can the heat flow from the furnace chamber to the pipes of the Set oven wall. The distance of the plates to the furnace wall can alternatively or cumulatively via spacers be defined as an integral part of the Plates can be formed.

Die Befestigung der Platten an den Ankern ist besonders einfach und erlaubt eine leichte und schnelle Montage sowie Auswechselbarkeit.The attachment of the plates to the anchors is special easy and allows easy and quick installation as well as interchangeability.

Bevor der Wandaufbau näher in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen beschrieben wird soll eine zugehörige feuerfeste keramische Platte in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen näher beschrieben werden:Before the wall construction closer in different Embodiments will be described an associated Fireproof ceramic plate in different Embodiments are described in more detail:

Die Platte weist in Verlängerung jeder ihrer Aussparungen ein Sackloch auf, welches der Aufnahme eines beispielsweise abgewinkelten freien Ankerendes dient.The plate points in the extension of each of its recesses a blind hole, which is the inclusion of a for example, angled free anchor end is used.

Dabei kann das Sackloch im wesentlichen parallel zu den Hauptoberflächen der Platte und damit im wesentlichen parallel zur Ofenwand verlaufen. Auf diese Weise können die Platten leicht parallel zur Ofenwand montiert werden.In this case, the blind hole substantially parallel to the Main surfaces of the plate and thus essentially parallel to the furnace wall. That way you can the panels are mounted slightly parallel to the furnace wall.

Die Aussparungen können vollständig im Bereich einer Hauptoberfläche der Platte liegen. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Aussparungen so zu gestalten, daß sie sich in den Randbereich der Platte fortsetzen. Diese Ausführungsform wird in der nachstehenden Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert.The recesses can be completely in the range of Main surface of the plate lie. It is also possible to make the recesses so that they themselves continue into the edge area of the plate. This Embodiment will be in the following Description of the figures explained in more detail.

Bei der Montage können die Platten dann seitlich auf die abgewinkelten Ankerenden aufgesetzt und - je nach geometrischer Gestaltung der Anker - vertikal in die endgültige Lage verschoben werden.During assembly, the plates can then laterally on the angled anchor ends and - depending on geometric design of the anchor - vertically in the final position to be postponed.

Wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt soll zwischen korrespondierenden Randbereichen benachbarter Platten eine verformbare Ausgleichschicht angeordnet werden. Diese Ausgleichschicht wird bereits an der Platte fest vorgesehen. Bei einer quaderförmigen Platte mit rechteckigen Hauptoberflächen können auf diese Weise beispielsweise zwei benachbarte Randbereiche der Platte vorkonfektioniert werden.As already mentioned above, between corresponding edge regions of adjacent plates a deformable compensation layer can be arranged. This Leveling layer is already fixed to the plate. In a rectangular plate with rectangular Main surfaces can be this way, for example two adjacent edge regions of the plate prefabricated.

Dabei kann die Ausgleichschicht aus einem Fasermaterial bestehen, beispielsweise einem Dämmstreifen, der auf den/die korrespondierenden Randbereich(e) der Platte aufgeklebt ist (sind). In this case, the compensation layer of a fiber material exist, for example, a Dämmstreifen on the corresponding edge region (s) of the plate is glued on (are).

Alternativ kann der Fugenbereich zwischen benachbarten Platten nach deren Verlegung mit einer komprimierten Faserlage ausgefüllt werden. Dazu kann eine Fasermatte oder ein Faserstreifen, dessen Dicke über der Fugenbreite liegt, zunächst befeuchtet und dann (leichter) komprimiert werden, um so in die Fuge (den Spalt) eingelegt werden zu können. Nach oder bei der Trocknung preßt sich die Faserlage durch Expansion (aufgrund der Rückstellkräfte der Fasern) in-situ in die Fuge und dichtet diese ab. Die Rohdichte der Faserlage kann beim Komprimieren auf das 2 bis 3-fache der ursprünglichen Rohdichte (z.B. 35-70 kg/m3) erhöht werden. Kristalline Fasern sind besonders geeignet, beispielsweise solche auf Basis Aluminiumoxid (z.B. 95 Gew.-% Al2O3, 5 Gew.-% SiO2). Auf gleiche Weise können auch die Aussparungen in den Platten mit Fasermaterial ausgefüllt werden. Diese Fugenausbildung ist unabhängig von obengenannten Anwendungen umsetzbar.Alternatively, the joint area between adjacent plates can be filled after their laying with a compressed fiber layer. For this purpose, a fiber mat or a fiber strip whose thickness is above the joint width, first moistened and then (easier) to be compressed so as to be inserted into the joint (the gap) can. After or during drying, the fiber layer presses in by expansion (due to the restoring forces of the fibers) in-situ in the joint and seals it off. The bulk density of the fiber layer can be increased during compression to 2 to 3 times the original bulk density (eg 35-70 kg / m 3 ). Crystalline fibers are particularly suitable, for example those based on aluminum oxide (eg 95 wt .-% Al 2 O 3 , 5 wt .-% SiO 2 ). In the same way, the recesses in the plates can be filled with fiber material. This joint training can be implemented independently of the above-mentioned applications.

Dadurch, daß die Anker an definierten Stellen der Ofenwand befestigt werden können und die Platten eine definierte Größe besitzen läßt sich durch einfaches Aufstecken oder Aufschieben der Platten auf die Anker eine exakte Zuordnung der Platten erreichen, so daß sich die Platten zu einer durchgehenden Fläche zum Ofeninnenraum hin ergänzen.The fact that the anchor at defined locations of Oven wall can be fixed and the plates one own defined size can be by simple Slip or push the panels onto the anchors achieve an exact assignment of the plates, so that the plates to a continuous surface for Complete the oven interior.

Die Montage kann weiter vereinfacht und die Montagezeit verkürzt werden, wenn Anker verwendet werden, die zwei Arme aufweisen, die in Aussparungen benachbarter Platten einliegen. Auf diese Weise können mit einem einzigen Anker zwei Verankerungspunkte, jeweils einer an benachbarten Platten, bereitgestellt werden. Auch dies wird in der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung weiter erläutert.The assembly can be further simplified and the assembly time be shortened if anchors are used, the two Have arms in the recesses of adjacent plates einliegen. This way you can with a single Anchor two anchoring points, one each adjacent plates are provided. This too will continue in the following description of the figures explained.

Die Platten können aus einem Werkstoff auf Basis Siliziumkarbid und/oder Aluminiumoxid, zum Beispiel mit Zusatz an Cr2O3 bestehen. Beide weisen eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Korrosionsbeständigkeit beziehungsweise Verschlackungsbeständigkeit auf. Über den Werkstoff der Platten und deren Wärmeleitung läßt sich der Wärmefluß vom Ofen zu den Rohren der Ofenwand einstellen.The plates may consist of a material based on silicon carbide and / or aluminum oxide, for example with addition of Cr 2 O 3 . Both have a good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance or slag resistance. About the material of the plates and their heat conduction, the heat flow from the furnace to the tubes of the furnace wall can be adjusted.

Als feuerfeste Masse zur Ausfüllung des Hohlraums zwischen Platten und Ofenwand bietet sich eine Gießmasse, insbesondere eine sogenannte freifließende Gießmasse an, die ohne Vibrationshilfen in den Hohlraum eingefüllt werden kann. Hierbei können zementfreie Massen ebenso wie zementarme Massen eingesetzt werden.As a refractory mass to fill the cavity between slabs and furnace wall offers a casting mass, in particular a so-called free-flowing casting compound, the filled without vibration aids in the cavity can be. This cementless masses as well as low-cement masses are used.

Diese Gießmassen weisen ebenso wie andere feuerfeste keramische Massen gute Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerte auf und sind hoch korrosionsbeständig, so daß sie die zugehörige Ofenwand mit integrierten Rohren schützen können.These casting compounds have as well as other refractory ceramic compositions have good thermal conductivity values and are highly resistant to corrosion, so that they are the associated Oven wall with integrated pipes can protect.

Auch die hitzebeständige Füllung im Bereich der Aussparungen (um die entsprechenden Ankerenden herum) kann aus einer keramischen Masse oder Faserwerkstoffen bestehen. Keramische Werkstoffe für diesen Zweck können solche auf Basis Siliziumkarbid, Vermiculit, Korund und/oder Bauxit sein und sind als solche bekannt (z.B. CARSITECT 170V der DIDIER-WERKE AG, Wiesbaden).Also the heat resistant filling in the area of Recesses (around the corresponding anchor ends around) Can be made of a ceramic mass or fiber materials consist. Ceramic materials for this purpose can those based on silicon carbide, vermiculite, corundum and / or bauxite and are known per se (e.g. CARSITECT 170V from DIDIER-WERKE AG, Wiesbaden).

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche sowie den sonstigen Anmeldungsunterlagen. Further features of the invention will become apparent from the Characteristics of the dependent claims and other Application documents.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert, wobei die Figuren - in schematisierter Darstellung - folgendes zeigen:

Figur 1:
einen Horizontalschnitt durch einen Wandaufbau,
Figur 2:
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer feuerfesten keramischen Platte,
Figur 3:
einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Wandaufbau im Verankerungsbereich einer Platte.
Figur 4:
einen Schnitt senkrecht zum Fugenbereich zwischen benachbarten Platten.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment, wherein the figures show - in a schematic representation - the following:
FIG. 1:
a horizontal section through a wall structure,
FIG. 2:
a perspective view of a refractory ceramic plate,
FIG. 3:
a vertical section through a wall structure in the anchoring area of a plate.
FIG. 4:
a section perpendicular to the joint area between adjacent plates.

Dabei sind in den Figuren gleiche oder gleichwirkende Mittel mit gleichen Bezugsziffern dargestellt.Here are the same or the same effect in the figures Means represented by the same reference numerals.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Platte 10 mit zwei rechteckförmigen Haupt-Oberflächen 10.1, 10.2, zwei seitlichen planen Randbereichen 10.3, 10.4 und zwei abgestuften oberen und unteren Randbereichen 10.5, 10.6.Figure 2 shows a plate 10 with two rectangular Main surfaces 10.1, 10.2, two side plan Edge areas 10.3, 10.4 and two graduated upper and lower edge areas 10.5, 10.6.

Im Bereich der in der Figur vorderen Hauptoberfläche 10.2 sind außenseitig zwei Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 vorgesehen, die sich in den jeweils benachbarten Randbereich 10.3 beziehungsweise 10.4 fortsetzen. Im Bereich der zu den Randbereichen 10.3, 10.4 parallelen Innenflächen der Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 sind die Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 über Sackbohrungen 14 in das Platteninnere hinein verlängert, wie Figur 3 zu entnehmen ist. In the area of the front main surface 10.2 in the figure If two recesses 12.1, 12.2 are provided on the outside, in the adjacent edge region 10.3 or 10.4 continue. In the area of to the Edge regions 10.3, 10.4 parallel inner surfaces of the Recesses 12.1, 12.2 are the recesses 12.1, 12.2 About blind holes 14 in the plate inside extended, as Figure 3 can be seen.

Die Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 und zugehörigen Sackbohrungen 14 dienen der Aufnahme von Ankern, die im Zusammenhang mit der folgenden Beschreibung der Figur 1 näher beschrieben werden:The recesses 12.1, 12.2 and associated blind holes 14 serve to accommodate anchors that are related with the following description of Figure 1 in more detail to be discribed:

Figur 1 zeigt einen Wandaufbau, hier für einen Müllverbrennungsofen. Der Wandaufbau umfaßt eine Ofenwand 30 mit einer Vielzahl, parallel im Abstand zueinander angeordneter, von Wasser durchströmbaren Rohren 32, die beidseitig über die zwischen benachbarten Rohren 32 verlaufenden Ofenwandabschnitte 30.1 vorstehen.Figure 1 shows a wall structure, here for a Incinerator. The wall construction comprises a furnace wall 30 with a plurality, parallel spaced arranged, can flow through water pipes 32, the on both sides over the between adjacent pipes 32nd extending furnace wall sections 30.1 protrude.

Auf den Ofenwandabschnitten 30.1 sind V-förmige Metallanker 16 angeschweißt, die jeweils zwei Arme 16.1, 16.2 aufweisen und im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Ofenwand 30 verlaufen. Die freien Enden 16e der Ankerarme 16.1, 16.2 sind entgegengesetzt abgewinkelt und greifen in die anhand der Figur 2 erläuterten Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 beziehungsweise mit ihren freien Enden 16e in die zugehörigen Sackbohrungen 14 der Platten 10 ein.On the furnace wall sections 30.1 are V-shaped Metal anchor 16 welded, each having two arms 16.1, 16.2 and substantially perpendicular to the furnace wall 30 run. The free ends 16e of the anchor arms 16.1, 16.2 are oppositely angled and reach into the explained with reference to Figure 2 recesses 12.1, 12.2 or with their free ends 16e in the associated blind holes 14 of the plates 10 a.

Der verbleibende Bereich der Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 ist mit einer unter Hitze verformbaren, hitzebeständigen Füllung 15, hier einer keramischen Masse auf Basis Siliziumkarbid, ausgefüllt, in der die Anker 16 mit ihren Enden 16e einliegen. The remaining area of the recesses 12.1, 12.2 is with a heat-deformable, heat-resistant Filling 15, here a ceramic mass based Silicon carbide, filled in the anchor 16 with their Insert ends 16e.

Wie Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist wird eine Platte 10 auf korrespondierenden Ankerarmen 16.1, 16.2 gehalten und ausgerichtet. Mehrere Platten 10 werden nebeneinander und übereinander konfektioniert, um so eine geschlossene Wandfläche mit plan paralleler Oberfläche 10o zum Ofeninnenraum 18 hin auszubilden. Dabei stehen benachbarte Platten 10 in geringem Abstand zueinander, unter Ausbildung entsprechender Fugen 34, die von einem verformbaren, komprimierten Dämmstreifen 36 aus keramischem Fasermaterial ausgefüllt sind.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a plate 10 is formed corresponding anchor arms 16.1, 16.2 held and aligned. Several plates 10 are next to each other and assembled one on top of the other so as to form a closed one Wall surface with plane parallel surface 10o to Furnace interior 18 form out. Standing there adjacent plates 10 at a small distance from each other, under formation of corresponding joints 34, the one of deformable, compressed Dämmstreifen 36 from filled ceramic fiber material.

Durch die Anordnung der Platten 10 wird zwischen der Plattenwand und der Ofenwand 30 ein Hohraum 38 ausgebildet, der mit einer feuerfesten Gießmasse auf Basis Aluminiumoxid ausgefüllt ist und dabei die Ankerarme 16.1, 16.2 überdeckt.The arrangement of the plates 10 is between the Plate wall and the furnace wall 30 a cavity 38 trained, with a refractory casting compound on Base is filled with alumina while keeping the Anchor arms 16.1, 16.2 covered.

Die Platten 10 sowie die im Hohlraum 38 befindliche Masse 40 weisen eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegenüber aggressiven Gasen auf.The plates 10 and the mass 38 located in the cavity 40 have good thermal conductivity and Corrosion resistance to aggressive gases.

Der Abstand zwischen den Rückseiten 10.1 der Platten 10 und der Ofenwand 30 kann über die Länge der Anker 16 eingestellt werden. Alternativ oder kumulativ kann der Abstand auch über Abstandhalter eingestellt werden, die in den Figuren 1 und 2 gepunktet angedeutet und mit 10n gekennzeichnet sind. Die Abstandhalter 10n sind hier materialschlüssig aus der der Ofenwand 30 zugewandten Oberfläche der Platten 10 ausgeformt und liegen gegen korrespondierende Rohre 32 an. The distance between the backs 10.1 of the plates 10th and the furnace wall 30 can over the length of the anchor 16 be set. Alternatively or cumulatively, the Distance can also be adjusted via spacers, the indicated dotted in Figures 1 and 2 and with 10n Marked are. The spacers 10n are here material fit from the furnace wall 30 facing Surface of the plates 10 formed and lie against corresponding pipes 32 at.

Im Betrieb kommt es im Bereich der Platten 10 zu Längenänderungen. Soweit diese senkrecht zur Ofenwand 30 erfolgen können die Platten 10 in Richtung Ofeninnenraum "wachsen". Im Bereich der Aussparungen 12.1, 12.2 sorgt die elastische, verformbare Füllmasse 15 dafür, daß entsprechende Längenänderungen kompensiert werden.In operation, it comes in the field of plates 10 Changes in length. As far as these perpendicular to the furnace wall 30th The plates 10 can be made in the direction of the furnace interior "to grow". In the area of the recesses 12.1, 12.2 provides the elastic, deformable filling material 15 that appropriate changes in length can be compensated.

Dies gilt analog für Längenänderungen parallel zur Ofenwand 30, wobei die Dämmstreifen 36 in den Fugen 34 ebenfalls Dehnungen und Kontraktionen der Platten 10 folgen und damit die Fugen 34 zuverlässig geschlossen halten.This applies analogously to length changes parallel to Oven wall 30, wherein the insulating strips 36 in the joints 34th likewise expansions and contractions of the plates 10 follow and thus the joints 34 reliably closed hold.

Entgegen der Darstellung in Figur 2 können auch die Randbereiche 10.5, 10.6 der Platten eben (plan) sein. Ebenfalls ist jede andere Geometrie der Platten 10 möglich.Contrary to the illustration in Figure 2, the Edge areas 10.5, 10.6 of the slabs should be flat. Also, any other geometry of the plates 10 possible.

Eine andere Ausbildung von Platten 10 und Fugen 34 zwischen Platten 10 zeigt Figur 4. Korrespondierende Flächenabschnitte 10.5, 10.6 von Platten 10 sind hier nach Art einer Nut-/Federverbindung ausgebildet, und zwar mit Feder 10.5f beziehungsweise Nut 10.6n im Bereich zwischen korrespondierenden Hauptflächen 10.1, 10.2. Die Stirnfläche 10.5s der Feder 10.5f und die Basis 10.6b der Nut 10.6n sind dabei mit rinnenartigen Vertiefungen 10.5v, 10.6v ausgebildet, die eine keramische Dichtschnur 36d aufnehmen, während der übrige Fugenbereich 34 mit einem keramischen Fasermaterial oder einem elastischen keramischen Kitt 36 ausgefüllt ist, wie vorstehend beschrieben. Diese Fugenausbildung ist unabhängig vom oben beschriebenen Anwendungsbereich möglich.Another embodiment of plates 10 and joints 34 between plates 10, Figure 4. Corresponding Surface sections 10.5, 10.6 of plates 10 are here formed in the manner of a tongue and groove connection, namely with spring 10.5f or groove 10.6n in the area between corresponding major surfaces 10.1, 10.2. The 10.5s 10.5s face and 10.6b base Groove 10.6n are with groove-like depressions 10.5v, 10.6v formed a ceramic sealing cord Record 36d, while the rest of the joint area 34 with a ceramic fiber material or an elastic ceramic putty 36 is filled as above described. This joint training is independent of above described application possible.

Claims (20)

  1. Refractory ceramic plate (10) for a wall structure of an incinerator, with at least two recesses (12.1, 12.2) arranged on a main surface (10.2) of the plate (10), wherein a blind hole (14) runs from each recess (12.1, 12.2) into the interior of the plate and wherein at least two boundary regions (10.4, 10.5) of the plate (10) are coated wiht a deformable, heat resistant compensating layer (36), if necessary except for in the area of accompanying recesses (12.1, 12.2).
  2. Plate according to claim 1, in which the blind hole runs essentially parallel to the main surfaces (10.1, 10.2) of the plate (10).
  3. Plate according to claim 1, in which the recesses (12.1, 12.2) continue in a corresponding boundary region (10.3, 10.4) of the plate (10).
  4. Plate according to claim 1, square-shaped.
  5. Plate according to claim 1, in which the compensating layer (36) consists of a fiber material.
  6. Plate according to claim 5, in which the fiber material is affixed to the boundary region(s) (10.4, 10.5) of the plate (10) as a strip.
  7. Wall structure for an incinerator, with the following features:
    7.1. A furnace wall (30), in which numerous pipes (32) spaced apart from each other, through which a fluid can flow, are arranged,
    7.2. Anchors (16) being secured to sections (30.1) of the furnace wall (30) with one end, and which are projecting essentially perpendicularly from the furnace wall,
    7.3. Refractory ceramic plates (10) which exhibit recesses (12.1, 12.2) with the formation of a hollow space (38) between the furnace wall (30) and the plates (10) spaced parallel apart from the furnace wall (30), and with the formation of joints (34) between their boundary regions (10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6) on their main surfaces (10.1, 10.2) facing the furnace wall (30), in which the anchors (16) lie with their free ends (16e) embedded in a heat-resistant filling (15), as well deformable during exposure to heat,
    7.4. Heat-resistant, deformable compensating layers (36) in the joint area (34) between adjacent plates (10), and
    7.5. A refractory compound (40) filling the hollow space (38) and covering sections (16.1, 16.2) of the anchors (16) running into the hollow space (38) .
  8. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which each anchor (16) has two arms (16.1, 16.2) that lie in recesses (12.1, 12.2) of adjacent plates (10).
  9. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which anchors (16) are forming an angle at their free end (16e) lying in the recesses (12.1, 12.2) of the plates (10), and the free ends (16e) essentially run parallel to the furnace wall (30).
  10. Wall structure according to claim 9 , in which the free ends (16e) of the anchors (16) forming an angle lie in blind holes (14), which are adjacent to the recesses (12.1, 12.2).
  11. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the plates (10) are made out of a material based on silicon carbide.
  12. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the plates (10) are made out of a material based on aluminum oxide.
  13. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the refractory compound (38) is a casting compound.
  14. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the refractory compound (38) is a cement-free compound.
  15. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the heat-resistant filling (15) is made out of a ceramic compound.
  16. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the heat-resistant filling (15). is made out of a material based on vermiculite, silicon carbide, corundum or bauxite.
  17. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the heat-resistant, deformable compensating layer (36) is made out of a fiber material.
  18. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which the plates (10) are designed according to one of claims 1 to 6 .
  19. Wall structure according to claim 7, in which spacers (10n) are arranged between the pipes (32) and the surfaces of the plates (10) facing the furnace wall (30).
  20. Wall structure according to claim 19, in which the spacers (10n) are molded from the plates (10).
EP01101412A 2000-02-08 2001-01-23 Refractory ceramic tile and associated wall construction for a furnace Expired - Lifetime EP1124094B1 (en)

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DE10005426 2000-02-08
DE10005426A DE10005426C2 (en) 2000-02-08 2000-02-08 Refractory ceramic plate and associated wall structure for an incinerator

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EP (1) EP1124094B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE255711T1 (en)
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PL196273B1 (en) 2007-12-31
DE50101051D1 (en) 2004-01-15
EP1124094A1 (en) 2001-08-16
DK1124094T3 (en) 2004-04-05
CA2332668C (en) 2008-05-13
PL345754A1 (en) 2001-08-13
ATE255711T1 (en) 2003-12-15
CA2332668A1 (en) 2001-08-08
DE10005426A1 (en) 2001-08-09
DE10005426C2 (en) 2001-11-15
US6487980B2 (en) 2002-12-03
TR200400311T4 (en) 2004-03-22
US20010015158A1 (en) 2001-08-23

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