EP1120547B1 - Turbolader mit veränderlicher Kapazität - Google Patents

Turbolader mit veränderlicher Kapazität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1120547B1
EP1120547B1 EP01101181A EP01101181A EP1120547B1 EP 1120547 B1 EP1120547 B1 EP 1120547B1 EP 01101181 A EP01101181 A EP 01101181A EP 01101181 A EP01101181 A EP 01101181A EP 1120547 B1 EP1120547 B1 EP 1120547B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
link plate
nozzle
shaft
turbine
link
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01101181A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1120547A3 (de
EP1120547A2 (de
Inventor
Yasuaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Jinnai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Publication of EP1120547A2 publication Critical patent/EP1120547A2/de
Publication of EP1120547A3 publication Critical patent/EP1120547A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1120547B1 publication Critical patent/EP1120547B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/165—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for radial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/71—Shape curved

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a variable-capacity turbocharger which can control the amount of exhaust gas provided into the turbine compartment by operating the nozzle vanes. More specifically, it concerns an improvement of the nozzle drive mechanism to transmit to the nozzle vanes the displacement of the actuator which operates the nozzle vanes.
  • a turbocharger is an effective means to increase the output of an internal combustion engine.
  • a turbine is rotated by the exhaust gas from the engine, and a compressor mounted on the same shaft as the turbine pressurizes the air supplied to the engine.
  • Turbochargers are currently installed in a variety of engines. However, the flow rate of the exhaust gas varies with the speed of the engine's revolution. The flow rate of the exhaust gas which is actually supplied from the engine will not always be that needed to produce the ideal operating conditions for the supercharger. To rectify this situation and allow the turbocharger's capacity to be used to its best advantage, the variable-capacity turbocharger has been developed. In a variable-capacity turbocharger, the flow of the exhaust gas in the turbine compartment is regulated according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
  • This sort of variable turbocharger has a number of nozzle vanes in the nozzle unit of the turbine, which is inside a housing.
  • the nozzle vanes provided on the nozzle shaft are supported in such a way that they can rotate between the open and closed positions.
  • the nozzle shaft is connected through a lever to a link plate which has a doughnut shape.
  • the link plate rotates freely on the rotary axis of the turbine.
  • An actuator on the outside of the housing causes the link plate to rotate by means of a transmission mechanism.
  • the link plate rotates, the nozzle vanes operate synchronously, continuously moving between the open and closed positions to adjust the degree of opening of the nozzle vanes.
  • the rotary action of the link plate is not transmitted smoothly into the rotary action of the nozzle vanes.
  • the actuator on the outside of the housing of the variable turbocharger had to be large enough to produce an appropriate force.
  • JP 60 116830 A discloses a turbocharger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • US-A-4,726,744 and JP 6020 1006 A describe similar turbochargers.
  • the technical problem which this invention addressed is to solve this shortcoming in the prior art.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a turbocharger having a nozzle drive mechanism for the link plate, which can operate all the nozzle vanes smoothly and synchronously.
  • variable-capacity turbocharger which controls the opening degree of the nozzle vanes according to this invention has the features of claim 1.
  • the nozzle vanes are supported in such a way that the nozzle vanes are free to rotate between the open and closed positions on nozzle shafts, and the nozzle vanes connected to levers which correspond to the nozzle shafts so as to rotate along with the levers, each boss at the end of each lever provided with a shaft which are parallel to the nozzle shaft.
  • the shafts in the nozzle vanes engage in oblong holes in the link plate in such a way that they are free to swing, and are thereby connected to the link plate.
  • the turbocharger of this invention has curved oblong hole.
  • the curved centerline which runs the oblong hole to the oblong direction, is curved along an arc tangent to the declined straight line extending at a given angle with respect to the radius of the link plate.
  • each of the oblong holes in the link plate which receive the shafts of the levers is curved along an arc tangent to a line extending at a given angle with respect to one of the radii from the rotational center of the link plate.
  • the variable capacity turbocharger has a transmission mechanism to transmit the action of the actuator to the link plate.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a link member, a swinging member connected to the link member as well as a linking part which is between the swinging member and the link plate and which serves to connect the transmission mechanism to the link plate.
  • 10 is a turbine casing
  • 50 is an actuator
  • 52 is rod
  • 54 is a link member
  • 104 is a nozzle vane
  • 112 is a link plate
  • 112d is an oblong hole on the link plate
  • 112d" is an oblong hole according to the preferred embodiment
  • 114 is a lever
  • 120 is a swinging member
  • 130 is a bridge
  • 140 is a roller.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the external appearance of a variable-capacity turbocharger 10.
  • Variable-capacity turbocharger 10 includes a housing, which comprises turbine housing 20, compressor housing 40 and main housing 30, which is between turbine housing 20 and compressor housing 40.
  • Turbine housing 20 has an intake port 22 and an exhaust port 24.
  • Compressor housing 40 has an intake port 44 and a discharge port 42.
  • actuator 50 which drives the nozzle vanes (to be explained shortly).
  • Actuator 50 uses air pressure, or more specifically it uses the negative pressure of the air sucked into the internal combustion engine (not pictured) on which the variable-capacity turbocharger 10 is installed, to cause rod 52 to move forward and back. It is, however, possible in this invention to replace the actuator by any type of actuator which functions the same, such as an active pressure actuator, or a magnetic actuator.
  • turbine shaft 32 is supported in main housing 30 in such a way that it is free to rotate.
  • Turbine 28 which is mounted to one end of turbine shaft 32, is inside turbine housing 20.
  • the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is conducted from intake port 22 into turbine housing 20. It is supplied to turbine 28 through scroll channel 26, which is created on the inside of turbine housing 20, and nozzle unit 100, which is the inlet to turbine 28. After it drives the turbine 28, the exhaust gas which was supplied is exhausted through exhaust port 24.
  • Nozzle unit 100 comprises mounting plate 102, which is fixed to turbine housing 20, and side plate 106, which faces mounting plate 102 and is mounted in the axial direction.
  • a number of nozzle vanes 104 are placed between the two plates at regular intervals along the circumference of the shaft.
  • shaft portion 104a At the base of nozzle vanes 104 is shaft portion 104a, which is mounted to mounting plate 102 so that portion 104a is free to rotate the vanes between the open and closed positions.
  • the end 104b of each shaft portion 104a of nozzle vane assembly 104 goes through mounting plate 102 in the axial direction.
  • the shafts are connected to the various levers 114 which correspond to the nozzle vanes. (See Figures 3 and 4).
  • the nozzle vane 104 rotates via nozzle shaft 104a according to the rotation of lever 114.
  • Each lever 114 has a hole 114b to receive the end 104b of one of the shaft portions 104a, and a boss, shaft portion 114a, on the side opposite the hole 114b.
  • the shaft 114a of lever 114 can slide within the oblong hole 112d provided at regular intervals along the circumference of link plate 112.
  • An annular link plate 112 (See Figure 5) is mounted to the boss 102a so that it is free to rotate on the rotational axis of turbine 28.
  • Link plate 112 has a series of oblong holes 112d at regular intervals along its circumference to receive the shaft portions 114a of levers 114.
  • link plate 112 has on the same surface a trapezoidal elongated portion 112a on one side.
  • the end of the elongated portion 112a is divided into two portions to form locking arms 112c.
  • the two arms 112c form a rectangular recession 112b.
  • oblong hole 112d' of link plate 112 is formed on a radius of the rotational center of link plate 112, i.e., it is formed on a radius of a circle whose center is the rotational center O (turbine shaft) of turbine 28 in the variable turbocharger 10.
  • actuator 50 must be able to produce a great deal of force because link plate 12 does not operate easily.
  • the center line r which runs lengthwise through oblong hole 112d of link plate 112 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to a line R which runs the center of the oblong hole 112d and the center O of turbine 28.
  • This design enables link plate 112 to rotate smoothly and reduces the load imposed on actuator 50.
  • the variable-capacity turbocharger 10 of this embodiment also has a transmission mechanism to transmit the action of the actuator 50 to link plate 112.
  • the transmission mechanism includes rod 52 of actuator 50; link member 54 (see Figure 1), which is connected to the end of rod 52 by pin 50a; swinging member 120 (see Figures 2 and 8), which is connected to the link member 54; and roller 140 and bridge 130, which are between member 120 and link plate 112, and which serve to connect the transmission mechanism to link plate 112.
  • swinging member 120 comprises arm 122; shaft 124, which extends along a given axis O from one end of arm 122, and is supported by turbine housing 20 through sleeve 118 in such a way that it can freely rotate; connector 128, which is on the end of shaft 124 and coaxial with it, and connected to link member 54 in such a way that it cannot move relative to the link member; and pin 126, which extends from the side of arm 122 opposite shaft 124 and is parallel to that shaft.
  • Swinging member 120 may be made of a metallic material, for example, stainless steel. Ideally, it should be formed of a single piece of austenitic stainless steel. Swinging member 120, arm 122, shaft 124, connector 128 and pin 126 may be formed separately and welded together.
  • bridge 130 comprises two flat plates 132, which are positioned parallel to each other with a slight gap between them, and center unit 134, which connects the two plates 132.
  • center unit 134 At the center unit 134 provided between the two plates 132 is a groove 136 in which the locking arms 112c of link plate 112 engage.
  • Part of bridge 130, including center unit 134, is removed to the middle of the bridge to form cut-away portion 138.
  • the two opposed surfaces are parallel and slide against each other.
  • Bridge 130 may be made of a metallic material, for example, austenitic stainless steel.
  • roller 140 is roughly cylindrical, with the diameter of it's opening slightly larger than the exterior diameter of pin 126.
  • the exterior diameter of the roller is slightly smaller than the gap between the sliding surfaces 138 of bridge 130.
  • Roller 140 may be made of a metallic material, for example, martensite stainless steel.
  • a negative intake pressure is created according to its rate of revolution and the openness of its throttle, and then the pressure is controlled by a magnetic valve to transmit it to the actuator 50.
  • the actuator 50 operates according to this pressure.
  • Rod 52 moves forward and back in the axial direction (to the right and left in Figure 1) according to the magnitude of the negative intake pressure.
  • link member 54 rotates on shaft 124 of swinging member 120 in response.
  • link member 54 which is shown by solid lines, is in contact with bolt 56a on the top of stop 56. At this point nozzle vanes 104 are in the open position, the position which produces the maximum nozzle opening.
  • actuator 50 draws back rod 52.
  • link member 54 moves into a position in which it is in contact with bolt 56b on the lower portion of stop 56, as shown by the dotted lines.
  • nozzle vanes 104 are in the position which produces the smallest nozzle opening.
  • each of the holes 112d which receive shafts 114a of lever 114 is formed along a centerline r of the oblong hole 112d which describes a given angle ⁇ with respect to a radius R from the rotational center O of link plate 112.
  • a component Fr which pushes each shaft 114a along the center line r of hole 112d, is generated in the force F acting on lever 114 from link plate 112 at the point where shaft 114a is in contact with hole 112d.
  • holes 112d of link plates 112 are oblong, and the ends of the oblong holes are rounded However, holes 112d could also have a simple rectangular shape. Further, according to the invention, the holes in link plates 112, as indicated by reference number 112d" in Figure 7, are curved to correspond to the course traced by shafts 114a of lever 114 when it rotates around shaft 104a of nozzle vanes 104.
  • the nozzle vanes are connected to the link plates by means of shafts which are parallel to the shaft of the nozzle vanes on the circumference of the link plates. These shafts engage in oblong holes in the lever. Each of the holes in the lever is curved along an arc tangent to a line extending at a given angle with respect to a radius from the rotational center of the link plate.
  • the oblong hole is provided on the circumference of link plate 112, and it faces perpendicular to the nozzle shaft of nozzle vane.
  • the shaft 114a of lever 114 engages with the oblong hole 112d and slides within the inner surface of the oblong hole. As mentioned above, therefore, the shaft 114a can slide within the oblong hole which is curved along an arc tangent to a line extending at a given angle with respect to a radius from the rotational center of the link plate.
  • each of holes 112d" of link plates 112 is curved along an arc tangent to a radius r extending at a given angle ⁇ with respect to a radius R from the rotational center O of link plate 112.
  • the component of the force which pushes shaft 114a in the direction of radius R is greater than in the first embodiment. More specifically, when the shape of each hole 112d" in link plate 112 corresponds to the course traced by shaft 114a of lever 114, shafts 114a of lever 114 can move even more smoothly in the radial direction R within holes 112d" in link plate 112.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Turbolader (10) mit variabler Kapazität, welcher den Grad der Öffnung von Düsenschaufeln (104) steuert, mit:
    einer in einem Gehäuse (20) vorgesehenen Turbine (28), die sich an einer Turbinenwelle (32) frei drehen kann;
    mehreren Düsenschaufeln (104), die in einer Düseneinheit um die Turbine (28) herum in dem Gehäuse (20) angeordnet sind wobei jede Düsenschaufel (104) einen Wellenbereich (104a) hat, der so gelagert ist, dass die Düsenschaufel (104) sich daran frei zwischen einer geöffneten und einer geschlossenen Position drehen kann, wobei das Ende (104b) des Wellenbereichs (104a) der besagten Düsenschaufel (104) mit einem Hebel (114) verbunden ist, der der Düsenschaufel (104) entspricht, und wobei ein Ansatz (114a) am Ende jedes Hebels (114) parallel zu der Düsenwelle in der Richtung entgegen der Düsenschaufel (104) an einer Stelle radial außerhalb dieses Endes (104b) hervorsteht;
    einer Gelenkplatte (112), die sich frei um die Turbine herum dreht, welche in dem Gehäuse (20) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Gelenkplatte (112) längliche Öffnungen (112d") hat, in welchen die Ansätze (114a) der Hebel (114) aufgenommen sind, um dadurch die Düsen mit der besagten Gelenkplatte (112) zu verbinden, so dass die Düsen durch die Drehung der Gelenkplatte (112) kontinuierlich synchron um die Achse des Wellenbereichs (104a) herum gedreht werden können; und
    einem Stellglied (50) außerhalb des Gehäuses (20), welches Stellglied (50) mit der Gelenkplatte (112) durch einen Getriebemechanismus verbunden ist;
    und einer Mittellinie jeder länglichen Öffnung (112"), die entlang einer Bogentangente an eine geneigte gerade Linie (r), die sich in einem gegebenen Winkel (α) mit Bezug auf eine radiale Linie (R) erstreckt, welche die Mitte der länglichen Öffnung und einen Drehmittelpunkt (O) der Turbine verbindet, gekrümmt ist,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
       der Getriebemechanismus ein Gelenkelement (54), ein Schwingelement (120) und einen Gelenkteil (126, 130, 140) beinhaltet, der zwischen dem Schwingelement (120) und der Gelenkplatte (112) vorgesehen ist, um das Schwingelement und die Gelenkplatte zu verbinden, wobei der Gelenkteil (126, 130, 140) so aufgebaut ist, dass er sich in einem Bogen um die Welle des Schwingelements (120) herum bewegt.
  2. Turbolader mit variabler Kapazität nach Anspruch 1, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gelenkteil zwischen dem Schwingelement (120) und der Gelenkplatte (112) eine Rolle (140) und eine Brücke (130) beinhaltet.
EP01101181A 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Turbolader mit veränderlicher Kapazität Expired - Lifetime EP1120547B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000013598A JP3771765B2 (ja) 2000-01-24 2000-01-24 可変ターボチャージャ
JP2000013598 2000-01-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1120547A2 EP1120547A2 (de) 2001-08-01
EP1120547A3 EP1120547A3 (de) 2003-07-30
EP1120547B1 true EP1120547B1 (de) 2005-12-07

Family

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EP01101181A Expired - Lifetime EP1120547B1 (de) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Turbolader mit veränderlicher Kapazität

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6409483B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1120547B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3771765B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100583927B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1278021C (de)
AT (1) ATE312275T1 (de)
BR (1) BR0102014B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60115514T2 (de)

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JP5193346B2 (ja) 2011-09-28 2013-05-08 三菱重工業株式会社 可変ノズル機構を備えた可変容量型排気ターボ過給機
JP5579145B2 (ja) 2011-09-28 2014-08-27 三菱重工業株式会社 ターボチャージャ用ノズルベーン開度規制ストッパ構造
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1307172A (zh) 2001-08-08
BR0102014A (pt) 2002-07-23
US20010013339A1 (en) 2001-08-16
US6409483B2 (en) 2002-06-25
CN1278021C (zh) 2006-10-04
DE60115514D1 (de) 2006-01-12
BR0102014B1 (pt) 2009-05-05
EP1120547A3 (de) 2003-07-30
KR20010074547A (ko) 2001-08-04
KR100583927B1 (ko) 2006-05-26
JP2001207856A (ja) 2001-08-03
DE60115514T2 (de) 2006-08-10
EP1120547A2 (de) 2001-08-01
JP3771765B2 (ja) 2006-04-26
ATE312275T1 (de) 2005-12-15

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