EP1117537B2 - Gravure process for printing adjacent colour surfaces with various colour coating thicknesses as well as data substrate, printing plate and method of manufacturing a printing plate - Google Patents

Gravure process for printing adjacent colour surfaces with various colour coating thicknesses as well as data substrate, printing plate and method of manufacturing a printing plate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1117537B2
EP1117537B2 EP99948896.8A EP99948896A EP1117537B2 EP 1117537 B2 EP1117537 B2 EP 1117537B2 EP 99948896 A EP99948896 A EP 99948896A EP 1117537 B2 EP1117537 B2 EP 1117537B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing plate
engraved
engraving
printing
ink
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EP99948896.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1117537A1 (en
EP1117537B1 (en
Inventor
Karlheinz Mayer
Roger Adamczyk
Eduard Wisjak
Peter Franz
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/10—Intaglio printing ; Gravure printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/04—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic
    • B41N1/06—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic for relief printing or intaglio printing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a data carrier with printed image produced by intaglio printing, with adjoining color surfaces of different ink layer thicknesses, as well as printing plates for carrying out the gravure printing method and a method for producing the printing plates.
  • Characteristic of the gravure printing technique is that in the printing, i. ink-transferring areas, the material of the surface of a printing plate by means of a suitable engraving tool or by etching is removed. Paint is applied to the finished printing plate and the excess printing ink is removed from the surface of the printing plate by means of a doctor blade or wiping cylinder prior to actual printing so that the ink remains only in the depressions. Then a substrate, usually paper, pressed against the printing plate and withdrawn again, wherein the color adheres to the substrate surface and forms a printed image. If translucent colors are used, the thickness of the paint application determines the color tone.
  • the line or intaglio printing technique in particular the Stahlstichianadrucktechnik is for the printing of data carriers, in particular of securities, such as banknotes and the like, an important technique.
  • the intaglio technique allows in comparison to other common printing techniques, such as offset printing, a very thick paint job on a disk.
  • the comparatively thick ink layer produced in the intaglio printing process can easily be recognized as a simple authenticity feature, even for the layman, by virtue of its tactility. This authenticity feature can not be imitated with a simple copy, so the intaglio technique offers protection against simple counterfeiting.
  • the intaglio printing is characterized by the fact that linear depressions are introduced into the printing plates in order to produce a printed image.
  • a wider line is produced with increasing stitch depth due to the usually tapered engraving tools.
  • the ink receptivity of the engraved line, and hence the opacity of the printed line increases with increasing stitch depth.
  • the non-printing areas of the printing plate are covered with a chemically inert lacquer. Subsequent etching produces the engraving in the exposed plate surface, the depth and width of the engraving lines depending, in particular, on the duration of etching.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide measures that allow to create adjacent color areas in intaglio printing, which are clearly delimited from each other.
  • the ink areas on the printing plate associated engraving areas are separated by a separating edge, which tapers to a point at the level of the printing plate surface to produce adjacent color surfaces. If a data carrier, for example a banknote, is printed with such a printing plate, contiguous color areas are generated which pass through a minimum in the border area.
  • a data carrier for example a banknote
  • the color layer thickness at the boundary line between the color areas is zero.
  • the inks of the adjoining color areas in the immediate boundary area connect, it can be slightly greater than zero; this is especially true if the flanks of the separating edge are steep and have a small flank angle. The flatter the flanks of the separating edge, the slower is the ink layer thickness in the boundary region against the minimum ink layer thickness. This can be a very fine, only under magnification, for example, with a magnifying glass recognizable brighter borderline between the adjacent color surfaces are generated, which can serve as additional, hidden in normal view security feature.
  • the invention makes it possible for the first time to produce directly adjoining color areas with different layer thickness in the intaglio printing process, which do not run into one another and are clearly delimited from one another.
  • FIG. 1 shows a profile of a printing plate 1 with a printing plate surface 2, in which a first engraving area 3a with an engraving depth t a and a second engraving area 3b are engraved with a second engraving depth t b .
  • the two engraving areas 3a, 3b adjoin one another directly at the level of the printing plate surface 2 and, moreover, are separated from each other by a separating edge 5, the upper edge 6 of which tapers to a point at the level of the printing plate surface 2.
  • the flanks of the engraving areas 3a, 3b also simultaneously form the flanks of the separating edge and form a flank angle with respect to the solder on the upper edge 6.
  • flank angle ⁇ of the right flank of the separating edge is shown, since the two flank angles are the same in the example shown.
  • the two flank angles of the separating edge 5 can also be chosen differently.
  • the flank angles can be in the range of 15 ° to 60 °, preferably they are in the range of 30 ° to 50 °.
  • the base surfaces 7a and 7b of the engraving areas 3a, 3b may be flat (7a) or have a basic roughness pattern (7b).
  • the basic roughness pattern is advantageous because the ink is better kept at the bottom of the engraving.
  • the engraving areas 3a and 3b can also taper downwards so that they have no base area 7a or 7b (not shown).
  • the engraving depth ta, tb of the engraving areas 3a, 3b is in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the engraved plates are also suitable for duplication by conventional impression techniques common in intaglio printing plates.
  • the engraved original is repeatedly reproduced via intermediate steps and only the reproductions are used as a printing plate. Engravings with the preferred flank angles and engraving depths have proven to be particularly beneficial in the impression and separation processes required during reproduction.
  • FIG. 2 is a section of a data carrier 10 with a two color areas 12a, 12b comprehensive print image shown schematically simplified.
  • the data carrier 10 was provided with a pressure plate 1, as in FIG. 1 shown, imprinted by intaglio printing. During the printing process, the data carrier 10 is pressed into the engraving areas 3a, 3b, wherein corresponding depressions 11a, 11b can remain permanently on the data carrier underside 17.
  • the data carrier top side 15 has corresponding elevations in the regions 11a, 11b, these elevations being covered by ink layers 13a, 13b, which were taken up by the data carrier top side 15 from the engraving regions 3a, 3b.
  • the color layers 13a, 13b form with their surfaces the color surfaces 12a and 12b.
  • the color layer thickness D a , D b is the level difference between the non-printed substrate surface and the surfaces of the respective color surfaces 12a, 12b set.
  • the ink layer thicknesses D a and D b decrease continuously to a borderline, which has been defined by the upper edge 6 of the separating edge 5 of the printing plate 1.
  • tb results in a more or less wide boundary region B. Since the ink layer thicknesses D a and D b in the boundary region B decrease continuously, can be selected by a suitable choice of the flank angle ⁇ one for the human eye without tools generate unrecognizable borderline of light shade.
  • the ink layer thicknesses D a and D b are reduced at the boundary line to a minimum ink layer thickness of thickness 0.
  • a small connection of the ink areas 12a, 12b take place, without, however, a detectable color mixing occurs.
  • the FIG. 3 shows this case. It can be seen that a connection of the color areas 12a and 12b has taken place at the boundary line 16.
  • the color layers 13 a and 13 b may consist of printing inks of different colors, since a mixing of the colors of different engraving areas due to the design of the printing plate according to the invention is practically not done. However, if the same translucent printing ink for adjacent engraved areas 3a, 3b b having different engraving depths t a and t, thus resulting in the printed image different color hues of the color layers 13a and 13b.
  • the adjoining engraving areas can be formed by line-shaped or area-like depressions.
  • the recesses are preferably engraved with a rotary stylus having a flank angle corresponding to the flank angle of the separating edge to be generated.
  • the engraving stylus can also be moved along tracks that form two coulters.
  • the curves or straight lines of a flock run parallel to each other and intersect the curves or lines of the second flock at regular intervals. This creates a basic roughness pattern in the manner of a cross grid with particularly favorable color catching properties.
  • the stylus is tapered or has a particular contour that allows to create on the base of the engraving a RautechniksgroundGerman that serves as a color catch.
  • the stylus is moved at regular, short intervals parallel to a previously engraved path, so that the previously engraved recess is widened by just this distance.
  • the engraving depth is in the range of 5 to 250 microns, preferably 5 to 150 microns.
  • flank angles in the range of 30 ° to 50 ° allow a longer life of the engraving tool with excellent printing results of the engraved printing plate.
  • Tools with flank angles in the range of 30 ° are particularly suitable for engraving very fine, filigree and small-area structures, while tools with flank angles of 40 ° to 50 ° are preferable for engraving large-area and coarser structures.
  • One or more line-shaped or area depressions may represent a pattern, an icon, or a character.
  • Several adjoining depressions can form a regular grid, so that the generated print image appears homogeneous, wherein the grid produces a fine structure in the print image, which can only be recognized with magnifying aids.

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  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Datenträgers mit im Stichtiefdruckverfahren hergestelltem Druckbild, mit aneinander grenzenden Farbflächen unterschiedlicher Farbschichtdicken, sowie Druckplatten für die Durchführung des Tiefdruckverfahrens und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Druckplatten.The invention relates to a method for producing a data carrier with printed image produced by intaglio printing, with adjoining color surfaces of different ink layer thicknesses, as well as printing plates for carrying out the gravure printing method and a method for producing the printing plates.

Kennzeichnend für die Tiefdrucktechnik ist, dass in den druckenden, d.h. farbübertragenden Bereichen das Material der Oberfläche einer Druckplatte mittels eines geeigneten Gravierwerkszeugs oder mittels Ätzung entfernt wird. Auf die fertige Druckplatte wird Farbe aufgetragen, und die überschüssige Druckfarbe wird vor dem eigentlichen Druckvorgang mittels eines Abstreifrakels oder eines Wischzylinders von der Oberfläche der Druckplatte entfernt, so dass die Farbe lediglich in den Vertiefungen zurückbleibt. Dann wird ein Substrat, in der Regel Papier, gegen die Druckplatte gepresst und wieder abgezogen, wobei die Farbe an der Substratoberfläche haften bleibt und dort ein Druckbild bildet. Werden lasierende Farben verwendet, bestimmt die Dicke des Farbauftrags den Farbton.Characteristic of the gravure printing technique is that in the printing, i. ink-transferring areas, the material of the surface of a printing plate by means of a suitable engraving tool or by etching is removed. Paint is applied to the finished printing plate and the excess printing ink is removed from the surface of the printing plate by means of a doctor blade or wiping cylinder prior to actual printing so that the ink remains only in the depressions. Then a substrate, usually paper, pressed against the printing plate and withdrawn again, wherein the color adheres to the substrate surface and forms a printed image. If translucent colors are used, the thickness of the paint application determines the color tone.

Bei den herkömmlichen Tiefdrucktechniken wird zwischen dem Rastertiefdruck und dem Stich- bzw. Linientiefdruck unterschieden. Beim Rastertiefdruckverfahren erfolgt die Herstellung der Druckplatten beispielsweise mittels Elektronenstrahl, Laserstrahl oder Stichel. Kennzeichnend für den Rastertiefdruck ist, dass unterschiedliche Grau- oder Farbwerte des Druckbildes durch regelmäßig in der Druckplatte angeordnete Näpfchen unterschiedlicher Dichte, Größe und/oder Tiefe erzeugt werden.In the conventional gravure printing techniques, a distinction is made between gravure gravure printing and engraving or line gravure printing. In the rotogravure method, the production of the printing plates takes place for example by means of electron beam, laser beam or stylus. Characteristic of the gravure printing is that different gray or color values of the printed image are generated by regularly arranged in the pressure plate cups of different density, size and / or depth.

Die Linien- bzw. Stichtiefdrucktechnik, insbesondere die Stahlstichtiefdrucktechnik, ist für das Bedrucken von Datenträgern, insbesondere von Wertpapieren, wie Banknoten und dergleichen, eine wichtige Technik. Die Stichtiefdrucktechnik lässt im Vergleich zu anderen gängigen Drucktechniken, wie beispielsweise Offsetdruck, einen sehr dicken Farbauftrag auf einem Datenträger zu. Die im Stichtiefdruckverfahren erzeugte, vergleichsweise dicke Farbschicht ist auch für den Laien leicht anhand ihrer Taktilität als einfaches Echtheitsmerkmal erkennbar. Dieses Echtheitsmerkmal ist mit einer einfachen Kopie nicht nachzuahmen, so dass die Stichtiefdrucktechnik einen Schutz gegen einfache Fälschungen bietet.The line or intaglio printing technique, in particular the Stahlstichtiefdrucktechnik is for the printing of data carriers, in particular of securities, such as banknotes and the like, an important technique. The intaglio technique allows in comparison to other common printing techniques, such as offset printing, a very thick paint job on a disk. The comparatively thick ink layer produced in the intaglio printing process can easily be recognized as a simple authenticity feature, even for the layman, by virtue of its tactility. This authenticity feature can not be imitated with a simple copy, so the intaglio technique offers protection against simple counterfeiting.

Der Stichtiefdruck zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass in die Druckplatten linienförmige Vertiefungen eingebracht werden, um ein Druckbild zu erzeugen. Bei der mechanisch gefertigten Druckplatte für den Stichtiefdruck wird aufgrund der üblicherweise konisch zulaufenden Gravierwerkzeuge mit zunehmender Stichtiefe eine breitere Linie erzeugt. Außerdem nimmt die Farbaufnahmefähigkeit der gravierten Linie und damit die Opazität der gedruckten Linie mit zunehmender Stichtiefe zu. Bei der Ätzung von Stichtiefdruckplatten werden die nicht druckenden Bereiche der Druckplatte mit einem chemisch inerten Lack abgedeckt. Durch nachfolgendes Ätzen wird in der freiliegenden Plattenoberfläche die Gravur erzeugt, wobei Tiefe und Breite der Gravurlinien insbesondere von der Ätzdauer abhängen.The intaglio printing is characterized by the fact that linear depressions are introduced into the printing plates in order to produce a printed image. In the case of the mechanically produced printing plate for intaglio printing, a wider line is produced with increasing stitch depth due to the usually tapered engraving tools. In addition, the ink receptivity of the engraved line, and hence the opacity of the printed line, increases with increasing stitch depth. During the etching of intaglio printing plates, the non-printing areas of the printing plate are covered with a chemically inert lacquer. Subsequent etching produces the engraving in the exposed plate surface, the depth and width of the engraving lines depending, in particular, on the duration of etching.

Aus der WO 97/48555 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, mit dem Stichtiefdruckplatten auf reproduzierbare, maschinelle Weise hergestellt werden können. Dazu werden die Linien einer Strichvorlage erfasst und die Fläche einer jeden Linie wird exakt bestimmt. Mit einem Gravierwerkzeug, beispielsweise einem rotierenden Stichel oder einem Laserstrahl, wird zunächst die Außenkontur dieser Fläche graviert, um die Fläche sauber zu umranden. Anschließend wird der umrandete Bereich der Fläche mittels demselben oder einem anderen Gravierwerkzeug geräumt, so dass die gesamte Linie entsprechend der Strichvorlage exakt graviert ist. Je nach Form und Führung des Gravierwerkzeugs entsteht am Grund der geräumten Fläche ein Rauigkeitsgrundmuster, das als Farbfang für die Druckfarbe dient.From the WO 97/48555 a method is known with which intaglio printing plates can be produced in a reproducible, machine manner. For this, the lines of a line template are captured and the area of each line is determined exactly. With an engraving tool, such as a rotating stylus or a laser beam, the outer contour of this surface is first engraved in order to surround the surface clean. Subsequently, the bordered area of the area is cleared by means of the same or another engraving tool, so that the entire line is exactly engraved according to the line template. Depending on the shape and guidance of the engraving tool, a roughness basic pattern is created at the bottom of the cleared surface, which serves as a color trap for the printing ink.

Es ist auch möglich, innerhalb einer ersten gravierten Fläche eine zweite Fläche mit größerer Gravurtiefe zu gravieren, so dass das Druckbild wegen des unterschiedlich dicken Farbauftrags zwei aneinander grenzende Flächen mit unterschiedlicher Farbintensität aufweist. Nach dem Druckvorgang verwischen die Dikkenunterschiede jedoch, da die Druckfarben der Farbflächen ineinanderlaufen, so dass eine scharfe optische Trennung zwischen den Farbflächen im Druckbild nicht besteht und auf diese Art auch keine feinen Bildstrukturen wiedergegeben werden können.It is also possible to engrave a second surface with a larger engraving depth within a first engraved surface, so that the printed image has two adjoining surfaces with different color intensity due to the different thickness of ink application. After the printing process, however, the thickness differences blur because the inks of the color areas run into each other, so that a sharp optical separation between the color areas in the printed image does not exist and in this way no fine image structures can be reproduced.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, Maßnahmen vorzusehen, die es erlauben, aneinander grenzende Farbflächen im Stichtiefdruckverfahren zu erzeugen, die klar voneinander abgegrenzt sind.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide measures that allow to create adjacent color areas in intaglio printing, which are clearly delimited from each other.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Wesentlich ist, dass zur Erzeugung aneinander grenzender Farbflächen die den Farbflächen auf der Druckplatte zugeordneten Gravurbereiche durch eine Trennkante voneinander getrennt sind, die in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche spitz zuläuft. Wird mit einer solchen Druckplatte ein Datenträger, beispielsweise eine Banknote, gedruckt, so werden aneinander grenzende Farbflächen erzeugt, die im Grenzbereich ein Minimum durchlaufen.It is essential that the ink areas on the printing plate associated engraving areas are separated by a separating edge, which tapers to a point at the level of the printing plate surface to produce adjacent color surfaces. If a data carrier, for example a banknote, is printed with such a printing plate, contiguous color areas are generated which pass through a minimum in the border area.

Im Idealfall ist die Farbschichtdicke an der Grenzlinie zwischen den Farbflächen gleich null. Sie kann aber, wenn sich die Druckfarben der aneinander grenzenden Farbflächen im unmittelbaren Grenzbereich verbinden, geringfügig größer null sein; dies insbesondere dann, wenn die Flanken der Trennkante steil sind und einen kleinen Flankenwinkel aufweisen. Je flacher die Flanken der Trennkante sind, desto langsamer geht die Farbschichtdicke im Grenzbereich gegen das Farbschichtdickenminimum. Dadurch kann eine sehr feine, nur unter Vergrößerung, beispielsweise mit einer Lupe erkennbare hellere Grenzlinie zwischen den angrenzenden Farbflächen erzeugt werden, die als zusätzliches, bei normaler Betrachtung verborgenes Sicherheitsmerkmal dienen kann.Ideally, the color layer thickness at the boundary line between the color areas is zero. However, if the inks of the adjoining color areas in the immediate boundary area connect, it can be slightly greater than zero; this is especially true if the flanks of the separating edge are steep and have a small flank angle. The flatter the flanks of the separating edge, the slower is the ink layer thickness in the boundary region against the minimum ink layer thickness. This can be a very fine, only under magnification, for example, with a magnifying glass recognizable brighter borderline between the adjacent color surfaces are generated, which can serve as additional, hidden in normal view security feature.

Durch die Erfindung ist es erstmals möglich, unmittelbar aneinander grenzende Farbflächen mit unterschiedlicher Schichtdicke im Stichtiefdruckverfahren zu erzeugen, die nicht ineinander laufen und klar voneinander abgegrenzt sind.The invention makes it possible for the first time to produce directly adjoining color areas with different layer thickness in the intaglio printing process, which do not run into one another and are clearly delimited from one another.

Je nach Gravurtiefe können auf diese Weise mit derselben Druckfarbe unterschiedliche Farbtönungen eingestellt werden. Bei Verwendung handelsüblicher Stichtiefdruckfarben führen Gravurtiefen im Bereich von etwa 5 bis 60 µm zu Farbschichten mit eher durchscheinendem, lasierendem Farbeindruck. Wobei helle Farben üblicherweise stärker lasieren als dunkle. Bei Gravurtiefen im Bereich von etwa 60 bis 100 µm erhält man dagegen Farbschichten mit eher deckendem Farbeindruck. So können bei Verwendung von beispielsweise drei verschiedenen lasierenden Druckfarben in Kombination mit lediglich zwei unterschiedlichen Gravurtiefen bereits sechs verschiedene Farbtöne mit einem Druckvorgang erzeugt werden. Ab einer Gravurtiefe von ungefähr 100 µm und mehr sind die damit erzeugten Farbschichten auf einem bedruckten Dokument auch gut tastbar, so dass mit den erfindungsgemäßen Druckplatten nicht nur der visuelle Farbeindruck eines bedruckten Dokuments, sondern auch taktile Merkmale gezielt eingestellt werden können.Depending on the engraving depth, different shades of color can be set in this way with the same printing ink. When commercial intaglio printing inks are used, engraving depths in the range from about 5 to 60 μm lead to color layers with a rather translucent, glazed color impression. Whereby light colors are usually more glazed than dark ones. At engraving depths in the range of about 60 to 100 μm, on the other hand, color layers with a rather opaque color impression are obtained. For example, when using, for example, three different translucent printing inks in combination with only two different engraving depths, six different color shades can be produced with one printing operation. From an engraving depth of about 100 microns and more, the color layers produced therewith on a printed document are also palpable well, so that not only the visual color impression of a printed document, but also tactile features can be selectively adjusted with the printing plates of the invention.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren beispielhaft beschrieben. Die Figuren sind Prinzipskizzen, die insbesondere die Schichtdickenverhältnisse nicht maßstabsgerecht wiedergeben.The invention will be described by way of example with reference to the figures. The figures are schematic diagrams that do not reproduce in particular the layer thickness ratios to scale.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Ausschnitt einer Druckplatte im Querschnitt;
Fig. 2
Ausschnitt eines Datenträgers mit zwei aneinander grenzenden Farbschichten mit unterschiedlicher Farbschichtdicke schematisch im Querschnitt;
Fig. 3
Ausschnitt eines Datenträgers mit zwei aneinander grenzenden Farbschichten im Querschnitt.
Show it:
Fig. 1
Section of a pressure plate in cross section;
Fig. 2
Section of a data carrier with two adjoining color layers with different ink layer thickness schematically in cross section;
Fig. 3
Section of a data carrier with two adjoining color layers in cross section.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Profil einer Druckplatte 1 mit einer Druckplattenoberfläche 2, in die ein erster Gravurbereich 3a mit einer Gravurtiefe ta und ein zweiter Gravurbereich 3b mit einer zweiten Gravurtiefe tb graviert sind. Die beiden Gravurbereiche 3a, 3b grenzen in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche 2 unmittelbar aneinander und sind im Übrigen durch eine Trennkante 5 voneinander getrennt, deren Oberkante 6 in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche 2 spitz zuläuft. Die Flanken der Gravurbereiche 3a, 3b bilden auch gleichzeitig die Flanken der Trennkante und bilden bezüglich des Lots auf die Oberkante 6 einen Flankenwinkel. In Fig. 1 ist lediglich der Flankenwinkel α der rechten Flanke der Trennkante gezeigt, da die beiden Flankenwinkel im dargestellten Beispiel gleich sind. Die beiden Flankenwinkel der Trennkante 5 können aber auch unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Die Flankenwinkel können im Bereich von 15° bis 60° liegen, vorzugsweise bewegen sie sich im Bereich von 30° bis 50°. FIG. 1 shows a profile of a printing plate 1 with a printing plate surface 2, in which a first engraving area 3a with an engraving depth t a and a second engraving area 3b are engraved with a second engraving depth t b . The two engraving areas 3a, 3b adjoin one another directly at the level of the printing plate surface 2 and, moreover, are separated from each other by a separating edge 5, the upper edge 6 of which tapers to a point at the level of the printing plate surface 2. The flanks of the engraving areas 3a, 3b also simultaneously form the flanks of the separating edge and form a flank angle with respect to the solder on the upper edge 6. In Fig. 1 only the flank angle α of the right flank of the separating edge is shown, since the two flank angles are the same in the example shown. However, the two flank angles of the separating edge 5 can also be chosen differently. The flank angles can be in the range of 15 ° to 60 °, preferably they are in the range of 30 ° to 50 °.

Vergleiche haben ergeben, dass Druckplatten mit den bevorzugten Flankenwinkeln im Bereich von 30° bis 50° bessere drucktechnische Eigenschaften haben. Dazu gehören eine gute Kantenschärfe des Druckbildes und eine verringerte Neigung zum sogenannten Farbspritzen, das auf dem bedruckten Gegenstand zu ausfransenden Rändern der bedruckten Bereiche führt.Comparisons have shown that printing plates with the preferred flank angles in the range of 30 ° to 50 ° have better printing properties. These include a good edge sharpness of the printed image and a reduced tendency to so-called paint spraying, which leads to fringed edges of the printed areas on the printed article.

Die Grundflächen 7a und 7b der Gravurbereiche 3a, 3b können eben ausgebildet sein (7a) oder ein Rauigkeitsgrundmuster aufweisen (7b). Das Rauigkeitsgrundmuster ist vorteilhaft, da die Druckfarbe besser am Boden der Gravur gehalten wird. Die Gravurbereiche 3a bzw. 3b können auch nach unten spitz zulaufen, so dass sie keine Grundfläche 7a bzw. 7b besitzen (nicht dargestellt).The base surfaces 7a and 7b of the engraving areas 3a, 3b may be flat (7a) or have a basic roughness pattern (7b). The basic roughness pattern is advantageous because the ink is better kept at the bottom of the engraving. The engraving areas 3a and 3b can also taper downwards so that they have no base area 7a or 7b (not shown).

Die Gravurtiefe ta, tb der Gravurbereiche 3a, 3b liegt im Bereich von 5 µm bis 250 µm und vorzugsweise im Bereich von 5 µm bis 150 µm.The engraving depth ta, tb of the engraving areas 3a, 3b is in the range of 5 μm to 250 μm, and preferably in the range of 5 μm to 150 μm.

Die gravierten Platten eignen sich auch für die Vervielfältigung durch konventionelle, bei Stichtiefdruckplatten übliche Abformtechniken. Dabei wird das gravierte Original über Zwischenschritte mehrfach reproduziert und erst die Reproduktionen als Druckform eingesetzt. Gravuren mit den bevorzugten Flankenwinkeln und Gravurtiefen haben sich bei den während der Reproduktion erforderlichen Abform- und Trennvorgängen als besonders günstig erwiesen.The engraved plates are also suitable for duplication by conventional impression techniques common in intaglio printing plates. The engraved original is repeatedly reproduced via intermediate steps and only the reproductions are used as a printing plate. Engravings with the preferred flank angles and engraving depths have proven to be particularly beneficial in the impression and separation processes required during reproduction.

In Figur 2 ist ein Ausschnitt eines Datenträgers 10 mit einem zwei Farbflächen 12a, 12b umfassenden Druckbild schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt. Der Datenträger 10 wurde mit einer Druckplatte 1, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, im Stichtiefdruckverfahren bedruckt. Während des Druckvorgangs wird der Datenträger 10 in die Gravurbereiche 3a, 3b gepresst, wobei auf der Datenträgerunterseite 17 entsprechende Vertiefungen 11a, 11b dauerhaft verbleiben können. Die Datenträgeroberseite 15 weist entsprechende Erhebungen in den Bereichen 11a, 11b auf, wobei diese Erhebungen durch Farbschichten 13a, 13b abgedeckt sind, die von der Datenträgeroberseite 15 aus den Gravurbereichen 3a, 3b aufgenommen wurden. Die Farbschichten 13a, 13b bilden mit ihren Oberflächen die Farbflächen 12a und 12b. Als Farbschichtdicke Da, Db wird der Niveauunterschied zwischen der nicht bedruckten Substratoberfläche und den Oberflächen der jeweiligen Farbflächen 12a, 12b festgelegt. Im Grenzbereich B nehmen die Farbschichtdicken Da und Db kontinuierlich ab bis zu einer Grenzlinie, die durch die Oberkante 6 der Trennkante 5 der Druckplatte 1 definiert wurde. Je nach Wahl der Flankenwinkel α und in Abhängigkeit von der Gravurtiefe ta, tb ergibt sich ein mehr oder weniger breiter Grenzbereich B. Da die Farbschichtdicken Da und Db im Grenzbereich B kontinuierlich abnehmen, lässt sich durch geeignete Wahl der Flankenwinkel α eine für das menschliche Auge ohne Hilfsmittel nicht erkennbare Grenzlinie hellen Farbtons erzeugen.In FIG. 2 is a section of a data carrier 10 with a two color areas 12a, 12b comprehensive print image shown schematically simplified. The data carrier 10 was provided with a pressure plate 1, as in FIG. 1 shown, imprinted by intaglio printing. During the printing process, the data carrier 10 is pressed into the engraving areas 3a, 3b, wherein corresponding depressions 11a, 11b can remain permanently on the data carrier underside 17. The data carrier top side 15 has corresponding elevations in the regions 11a, 11b, these elevations being covered by ink layers 13a, 13b, which were taken up by the data carrier top side 15 from the engraving regions 3a, 3b. The color layers 13a, 13b form with their surfaces the color surfaces 12a and 12b. The color layer thickness D a , D b is the level difference between the non-printed substrate surface and the surfaces of the respective color surfaces 12a, 12b set. In the boundary region B, the ink layer thicknesses D a and D b decrease continuously to a borderline, which has been defined by the upper edge 6 of the separating edge 5 of the printing plate 1. Depending on the choice of the flank angle α and as a function of the engraving depth ta, tb results in a more or less wide boundary region B. Since the ink layer thicknesses D a and D b in the boundary region B decrease continuously, can be selected by a suitable choice of the flank angle α one for the human eye without tools generate unrecognizable borderline of light shade.

Idealerweise reduzieren sich die Farbschichtdicken Da und Db an der Grenzlinie zu einem Farbschichtdickenminimum mit der Dicke 0. Es kann jedoch auch eine geringe Verbindung der Farbflächen 12a, 12b stattfinden, ohne dass allerdings eine feststellbare Farbvermischung auftritt. Die Figur 3 zeigt diesen Fall. Man erkennt, dass an der Grenzlinie 16 eine Verbindung der Farbflächen 12a und 12b stattgefunden hat.Ideally, the ink layer thicknesses D a and D b are reduced at the boundary line to a minimum ink layer thickness of thickness 0. However, a small connection of the ink areas 12a, 12b take place, without, however, a detectable color mixing occurs. The FIG. 3 shows this case. It can be seen that a connection of the color areas 12a and 12b has taken place at the boundary line 16.

Die Farbschichten 13 a und 13b können aus Druckfarben unterschiedlicher Farbe bestehen, da eine Vermischung der Farben unterschiedlicher Gravurbereiche aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Gestaltung der Druckplatte praktisch nicht erfolgt. Wird jedoch die gleiche lasierende Druckfarbe für aneinander grenzende Gravurbereiche 3a, 3b mit unterschiedlichen Gravurtiefen ta und tb verwendet, so ergeben sich im Druckbild unterschiedliche Farbtönungen der Farbschichten 13a und 13b.The color layers 13 a and 13 b may consist of printing inks of different colors, since a mixing of the colors of different engraving areas due to the design of the printing plate according to the invention is practically not done. However, if the same translucent printing ink for adjacent engraved areas 3a, 3b b having different engraving depths t a and t, thus resulting in the printed image different color hues of the color layers 13a and 13b.

Die aneinander grenzenden Gravurbereiche können durch linienförmige oder flächenartige Vertiefungen gebildet sein. Die Vertiefungen werden vorzugsweise mit einem rotierenden Stichel graviert, der einen Flankenwinkel entsprechend dem zu erzeugenden Flankenwinkel der Trennkante besitzt. Alternativ kann der Gravierstichel auch entlang Bahnen bewegt werden, die zwei Scharen bilden. Die Kurven oder Geraden einer Schar verlaufen jeweils parallel zueinander und kreuzen die Kurven oder Geraden der zweiten Schar in regelmäßigen Abständen. Dadurch entsteht ein Rauigkeitsgrundmuster in der Art eines Kreuzrasters mit besonders günstigen Farbfangeigenschaften. Vorzugsweise läuft der Stichel spitz zu oder hat eine besondere Kontur, die es erlaubt, auf der Grundfläche der Gravur ein Rauigkeitsgrundmuster zu erzeugen, das als Farbfang dient. Dazu wird der Stichel in regelmäßigen, geringen Abständen parallel zu einer zuvor gravierten Bahn bewegt, so dass die zuvor gravierte Vertiefung um eben diesen Abstand verbreitert wird. Die Gravurtiefe liegt im Bereich von 5 bis 250 µm, vorzugsweise 5 bis 150 µm.The adjoining engraving areas can be formed by line-shaped or area-like depressions. The recesses are preferably engraved with a rotary stylus having a flank angle corresponding to the flank angle of the separating edge to be generated. Alternatively, the engraving stylus can also be moved along tracks that form two coulters. The curves or straight lines of a flock run parallel to each other and intersect the curves or lines of the second flock at regular intervals. This creates a basic roughness pattern in the manner of a cross grid with particularly favorable color catching properties. Preferably, the stylus is tapered or has a particular contour that allows to create on the base of the engraving a Rauigkeitsgrundmuster that serves as a color catch. For this purpose, the stylus is moved at regular, short intervals parallel to a previously engraved path, so that the previously engraved recess is widened by just this distance. The engraving depth is in the range of 5 to 250 microns, preferably 5 to 150 microns.

Die bevorzugten Flankenwinkel im Bereich von 30° bis 50° ermöglichen eine längere Standzeit des Gravierwerkzeugs bei gleichzeitig hervorragendem Druckergebnis der gravierten Druckplatte. Werkzeuge mit Flankenwinkeln im Bereich von 30° eignen sich besonders für die Gravur sehr feiner, filigraner und kleinflächiger Strukturen, während für die Gravur großflächiger und gröberer Strukturen Werkzeuge mit Flankenwinkeln von 40° bis 50° vorzuziehen sind.The preferred flank angles in the range of 30 ° to 50 ° allow a longer life of the engraving tool with excellent printing results of the engraved printing plate. Tools with flank angles in the range of 30 ° are particularly suitable for engraving very fine, filigree and small-area structures, while tools with flank angles of 40 ° to 50 ° are preferable for engraving large-area and coarser structures.

Ein oder mehrere linienförmige oder flächige Vertiefungen können ein Muster, ein Bildzeichen oder ein Schriftzeichen darstellen. Mehrere aneinander grenzende Vertiefungen können ein regelmäßiges Raster bilden, so dass das erzeugte Druckbild homogen erscheint, wobei das Raster eine Feinstruktur im Druckbild erzeugt, die nur mit vergrößernden Hilfsmitteln erkennbar ist.One or more line-shaped or area depressions may represent a pattern, an icon, or a character. Several adjoining depressions can form a regular grid, so that the generated print image appears homogeneous, wherein the grid produces a fine structure in the print image, which can only be recognized with magnifying aids.

Claims (25)

  1. A method for manufacturing a data carrier (10) with a printed image produced by intaglio printing and at least one first ink area (12a) with a first ink layer thickness (Da) and at least one second ink area (12b) with a second ink layer thickness (Db) adjoining the first ink area (12a), wherein the ink layer thicknesses (Da, Db) are different, wherein the first and second ink areas (12a, 12b) are directly adjacent and separated by a sharp boundary line (16) that is invisible when viewed with the naked eye, and the ink layer thickness of both ink areas (12a, 12b) has a minimum in the region of the boundary line (16), employing a printing plate (1) including a printing plate surface (2) and engraved in the printing plate surface (2) at least a first engraved region (3a) with a first engraving depth (ta) and at least a second engraved region (3b) with a second engraving depth (tb) adjoining the first engraving region (3a), wherein the engraving depths (ta, tb) are different and a separation edge (5) is arranged between the first and second engraving regions (3a, 3b), its upper edge (6) tapering at the level of the printing plate surface (2).
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum is at an ink layer thickness of nearly zero.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ink areas are of linear or areal form.
  4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the first ink area (12a) and/or second ink area (12b) represents a pattern, pictorial symbol or character.
  5. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and/or second ink area (12a, 12b) has a roughness pattern in the manner of a cross screen.
  6. A printing plate (1) for printing adjacent ink areas (12a, 12b) comprising a printing plate surface (2) and engraved in the printing plate surface (2) at least a first engraved region (3a) with a first engraving depth (ta) and at least a second engraved region (3b) with a second engraving depth (tb) adjoining the first engraved region (3a), wherein the engraving depths (ta, tb) are different, characterized in that a separation edge (5) is arranged between the first and second engraved regions (3a, 3b), its upper edge (6) tapering at the level of the printing plate surface (2).
  7. The printing plate according to claim 6, characterized in that the separation edge (5) has flank angles (α) in the range of 15° to 60°, preferably 30° to 50°, with reference to the perpendicular of the printing plate surface (2).
  8. The printing plate according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the first and second engraving depths (ta, tb) are in the range of 5 to 250 µm.
  9. The printing plate according to claim 8, characterized in that the first and second engraving depths (ta, tb) are in the range of 5 to 150 (µm.
  10. The printing plate according to at least one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the engraved regions are formed by linear or areal depressions.
  11. The printing plate according to at least one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the first engraved region (3a) and/or second engraved region (3b) forms a pattern, a pictorial symbol or a character.
  12. The printing plate according to at least one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the first and/or second engraved region (3a, 3b) has a base surface (7a, 7b) with a basic roughness pattern.
  13. The printing plate according to claim 12, characterized in that the basic roughness pattern is present in the manner of a cross screen.
  14. An intaglio printing method for printing adjacent ink areas (12a, 12b) of different ink layer thickness (Da, Db) wherein a printing plate according to any of claims 6 to 13 is employed.
  15. A method for manufacturing a printing plate (1) for printing adjacent ink areas (12a, 12b) of different ink layer thickness (Da, Db) comprising the steps of:
    - making available a printing plate (1) with a printing plate surface (2), and
    - engraving a first engraved region (3a) with a first engraving depth (ta) and a second engraved region (3b) with a second engraving depth (tb) in the printing plate surface (2), characterized in that a separation edge (5) is left standing between the first engraved region (3a) and the second engraved region (3b) that has an upper edge (6) tapering at the level of the printing plate surface (2).
  16. The method for manufacturing a printing plate according to claim 15, characterized in that the engraved regions are formed by linear or areal depressions.
  17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the separation edge (5) is produced with flank angles (α) in the range of 15° to 60°, preferably 30° to 50°, with reference to the perpendicular of the printing plate surface.
  18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that an engraving tool with a corresponding flank angle (α) is employed for engraving.
  19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that a tapered rotating graver is employed for engraving.
  20. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the engraving depths (ta, tb) are produced in the range of 5 µm to 250 µm.
  21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the engraving depths (ta, tb) are in the range of 5 µm to 150 µm.
  22. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that a base surface (7a, 7b) with a basic roughness pattern is produced in the first engraved region (3a) and/or in the second engraved region (3b).
  23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the basic roughness pattern is produced in the manner of a cross screen.
  24. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that several adjacent first engraved regions (3a) and one or several adjacent second engraved regions (3b) are engraved in the printing plate surface (2).
  25. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that the one or the several first engraved regions (3a) and/or the one or the several second engraved regions (3b) are arranged in the form of a pattern, pictorial symbol or character.
EP99948896.8A 1998-10-02 1999-09-29 Gravure process for printing adjacent colour surfaces with various colour coating thicknesses as well as data substrate, printing plate and method of manufacturing a printing plate Expired - Lifetime EP1117537B2 (en)

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DE19845436.8A DE19845436C5 (en) 1998-10-02 1998-10-02 Intaglio printing method for printing adjacent color areas of different ink layer thickness, data carrier with printed image produced by intaglio printing, printing plate and method for producing a printing plate
DE19845436 1998-10-02
PCT/EP1999/007216 WO2000020216A1 (en) 1998-10-02 1999-09-29 Gravure process for printing adjacent colour surfaces with various colour coating thicknesses

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JP4550282B2 (en) 2010-09-22
PT1117537E (en) 2003-09-30
DE19845436B4 (en) 2009-06-10
DE19845436C5 (en) 2015-02-26
UA71583C2 (en) 2004-12-15
WO2000020216A1 (en) 2000-04-13
ZA200102252B (en) 2002-06-04
DE19845436A1 (en) 2000-04-06
CA2345748A1 (en) 2000-04-13
JP2002526289A (en) 2002-08-20
CN1320076A (en) 2001-10-31
CN1155471C (en) 2004-06-30
PL347150A1 (en) 2002-03-25
AR020679A1 (en) 2002-05-22
US6928925B1 (en) 2005-08-16
EP1117537A1 (en) 2001-07-25
RU2236949C2 (en) 2004-09-27
CA2345748C (en) 2005-12-27
DK1117537T3 (en) 2003-08-25
PL190828B1 (en) 2006-02-28
US7028615B2 (en) 2006-04-18
EP1117537B1 (en) 2003-05-07
US20050193909A1 (en) 2005-09-08
AU6198099A (en) 2000-04-26
ES2194512T3 (en) 2003-11-16
ATE239614T1 (en) 2003-05-15
TR200100925T2 (en) 2001-08-21
AU756205B2 (en) 2003-01-09
DE59905490D1 (en) 2003-06-12

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