EP1853433B1 - Data support with continuous tone image - Google Patents

Data support with continuous tone image Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1853433B1
EP1853433B1 EP06706763A EP06706763A EP1853433B1 EP 1853433 B1 EP1853433 B1 EP 1853433B1 EP 06706763 A EP06706763 A EP 06706763A EP 06706763 A EP06706763 A EP 06706763A EP 1853433 B1 EP1853433 B1 EP 1853433B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing plate
printing
areas
white areas
tonal values
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP06706763A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1853433A2 (en
Inventor
Roger Adamczyk
Christof Baldus
Klaus Meindl
Peter Franz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP1853433A2 publication Critical patent/EP1853433A2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/10—Intaglio printing ; Gravure printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/445—Marking by removal of material using chemical means, e.g. etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/02—Engraving; Heads therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/02—Engraving; Heads therefor
    • B41C1/04—Engraving; Heads therefor using heads controlled by an electric information signal
    • B41C1/05—Heat-generating engraving heads, e.g. laser beam, electron beam
    • B42D2035/26—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a data carrier with a halftone image produced in intaglio printing, which has printed sub-areas with specific tonal values, wherein at least three printed subareas have different tonal values.
  • the invention further relates to a gravure printing plate and a gravure printing method for printing halftone images having three or more different tonal values, and to a method for producing such intaglio printing plate.
  • Data carriers in the sense of the present invention are in particular security or valuable documents, such as banknotes, passports, identity documents, check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, vouchers, air tickets and the like, as well as labels, seals, packaging and other elements for product assurance.
  • security or valuable documents such as banknotes, passports, identity documents, check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, vouchers, air tickets and the like, as well as labels, seals, packaging and other elements for product assurance.
  • data carrier in the following includes all such documents and product securing means.
  • Security and value documents the commercial value or value of which far exceeds the material value, are usually identified by suitable measures as genuine and distinguishable from counterfeits and counterfeits. They are usually provided with special security elements that are ideally not or only with great effort imitable and not falsified.
  • the line or intaglio printing technique has for the printing of data carriers, in particular of securities, such as banknotes and the like, a great importance.
  • the intaglio printing is characterized by the fact that linear depressions are introduced into the printing plates in order to produce a printed image.
  • the ink-transferring areas of the printing plate are thus present as depressions in the printing plate surface.
  • These depressions are produced by means of a suitable engraving tool or by etching.
  • a wider line is produced with increasing stitch depth due to the usually tapered engraving tools.
  • the ink receptivity of the engraved line, and hence the opacity of the printed line increases with increasing stitch depth.
  • the non-printing areas of the printing plate are covered with a chemically inert lacquer.
  • the engraving is produced in the exposed plate surface, the depth of the engraving lines depending in particular on the etching time.
  • Line intaglio printing technology allows a relatively thick application of ink on a data carrier in comparison to other common printing techniques, such as offset printing.
  • the comparatively thick ink layer produced by line intaglio printing together with the partial deformation of the paper surface, which comes about when the paper is pressed into the engraving of the printing plate, can easily be felt manually even by the layman and can therefore easily be recognized as an authenticity feature by virtue of its tactility.
  • the tactility is not imitated with a copier, so that the LiVSichianadrucktechnik provides high-quality protection against counterfeiting.
  • the present invention relates not only to black and white halftone images containing the achromatic colors, namely, white, black and gray, but also to monochrome or multicolor halftone images comprising the so-called bright colors.
  • tone value is understood to mean the brightness of the color under consideration.
  • a template such as a portrait, divided into halftone-related sub-areas and assigned to the individual tone values or groups of tone values, matched to the printing ink used, different engraving depths for the printing plate to be produced.
  • the tonal values of the original are converted into corresponding engraving depths on the printing plate, whereby the engraving depth necessary for the generation of a special tonal value can vary from printing ink to printing ink.
  • the object of the invention is to create a data carrier with increased security against counterfeiting, which has a half-tone image produced by intaglio printing with a large number of available halftone values.
  • one or more of the different tonal values are formed by printed partial areas appearing over the entire surface of the naked eye with a certain proportion of unprinted white areas.
  • white areas By using such white areas, the number of available halftone values can be significantly increased and at the same time a targeted halftone control can be achieved.
  • the use of three different engraving depths by the use of different sized white parts easily eight different tonal values can be realized, which already allow an extremely realistic representation of halftone images, such as portraits.
  • the use of the white areas according to the invention leads to a stabilization of the hue of the printed partial areas, which is particularly advantageous when using poorly translucent printing inks.
  • the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values are formed by a family of parallel white lines.
  • the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values are formed by a regular cross grid.
  • the white areas result, for example, from the diamond-shaped intermediate spaces remaining between two intersecting groups of parallel printing lines.
  • the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tone values form hidden information, such as a pattern or a string.
  • hidden information such as a pattern or a string.
  • At least one of the printed sub-areas of the halftone image is tactually perceptible or contains a tactile perceptible structural element and thereby provides effective protection against counterfeiting, e.g. by copying.
  • the extent of the unprinted white areas is less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than 80 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 60 ⁇ m, even more preferably less than 40 ⁇ m and especially preferably less than 20 ⁇ m, in at least one dimension.
  • the white areas for example, lines with a width less than 100 microns (or less than 80 microns or 60 microns or 40 microns or 20 microns) or by surface areas of any shape with an areal extent of less than 100 microns x 100 microns (or less than 80 microns x 80 microns or 60 microns x 60 microns or 40 microns x 40 microns or 20 microns x 20 microns) may be formed.
  • At least six, for example eight, printed partial areas have different tonal values which are each formed by printed partial areas which appear to be full-surface to the naked eye and have a certain proportion of unprinted white areas.
  • the sub-areas of the halftone image can be derived from a grid superimposed on a halftone image original, as in the international application WO 03/052702 described.
  • the halftone image, as in the WO 03/052702 described have additional tactile structural elements, or be superimposed at least in some areas with fine structures that affect its visual appearance and have a different orientation in individual sub-areas.
  • the WO 03/052702 also describes various possibilities for converting a halftone original into a intaglio image, which can likewise be used in the present invention. With regard to the mentioned objects, the disclosure of WO 03/052702 incorporated by reference into the present application.
  • the invention further includes a gravure printing plate for printing a halftone image having at least three differently engraved areas in the printing plate surface which serve to print different tonal values.
  • a gravure printing plate for printing a halftone image having at least three differently engraved areas in the printing plate surface which serve to print different tonal values.
  • One or more of the at least three engraved areas in this case have a certain proportion of non-printing white areas which are formed by surfaces lying at the level of the printing plate surface and whose extent lies at least in one dimension below the resolution limit of the naked eye.
  • the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved areas of such a printing plate can result from a family of parallel engraving lines whose spacing is greater than the line width of the engraving lines. At a distance is not the non-printing space between the engraving lines, but the distance, for example, from the left flank of an engraving line to the left flank of the next engraving line.
  • the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved areas can also result from two sets of parallel engraving lines crossing each other at an angle.
  • the spacing of the engraving lines within each family is greater here than the line width of the engraving lines, resulting in diamond-shaped white areas.
  • the two crowds intersect advantageously at an angle which is between 40 ° and 80 °, preferably between 50 ° and 70 °, for example at about 60 °.
  • the engraving lines of the intaglio printing plate or the printed lines preferably have a width of less than 60 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 30 ⁇ m.
  • the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved areas form hidden information, such as a pattern or a string, in order to further increase the security of the generated halftone images.
  • the hidden information can be present as positive or negative information and can also be provided only in a partial area of the halftone image.
  • the areas of the white areas lying at the level of the printing plate surface continue with a flank angle ⁇ into the depth of the printing plate, which lies between 15 ° and 60 °, preferably between 30 ° and 50 °, in each case based on the surface normal of the printing plate.
  • a flank angle ⁇ into the depth of the printing plate, which lies between 15 ° and 60 °, preferably between 30 ° and 50 °, in each case based on the surface normal of the printing plate.
  • At least one of the engraved areas advantageously has a base area with a basic roughness pattern, as is the case, for example, in the publication WO 97/48555 described method can be generated.
  • the lying at the level of the printing plate surface areas of the white areas are advantageously designed so that they extend with a flank angle ⁇ in the depth of the printing plate, which is between 15 ° and 60 °, preferably between 30 ° and 50 °, based on the surface normal Pressure plate, lies.
  • a flank angle ⁇ in the depth of the printing plate, which is between 15 ° and 60 °, preferably between 30 ° and 50 °, based on the surface normal Pressure plate, lies.
  • an engraving tool with a corresponding flank angle ⁇ is expediently used.
  • the intaglio printing plates according to the invention by engraving with a stylus, more preferably with a rapidly rotating, conically tapered stylus, as in the document WO 97/48555 described, prepared.
  • a stylus more preferably with a rapidly rotating, conically tapered stylus, as in the document WO 97/48555 described, prepared.
  • the engravings are also by laser engraving or Etching or any other suitable removal method can be generated.
  • intaglio printing technology in particular the steel intaglio technique for the halftone images according to the invention, achieves a characteristic printing and embossing image, which is easily recognizable even to laymen, and which can not be readjusted with other common printing processes.
  • the intaglio printing technique and the innovation disclosed here are therefore particularly suitable for the printing of valuable or security-relevant data carriers, such as security or value documents, which have to meet high demands with regard to the protection against counterfeiting.
  • Fig.1 shows a banknote 10, which is provided with a semi-tone image 12 produced by intaglio printing, which is shown schematically in the figure as a black and white portrait.
  • the entire printed image of the banknote consists of a superposition of a plurality of printed images, which are produced with different printing methods.
  • a further graphic motif 14 can also be designed as a intaglio half tone image according to the invention. In the latter case, the portrait 12 can also be produced with conventional intaglio printing.
  • the banknote 10 may contain a pattern 16 produced in offset printing, for example a guilloche pattern of regularly interlaced lines or another finely structured pattern, and a serial number 18 printed by letterpress. Areas created by screen printing or by further printing methods may also be provided.
  • Fig. 2 shows for illustration a section of the banknote 10 in the area of the intaglio half-tone image 12 in cross-section.
  • the detail shown shows the banknote paper 20 deformed during the printing process by the contact pressure, which has recesses 22 on the banknotes back and elevations 24 on the front of the banknotes.
  • the elevations 24 are each covered with color layers 36 and 38, respectively, which are separated from the engraved areas 46 and 48 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) of the printing plate 40 were recorded.
  • the first printed sub-area 26 is covered with a color layer 36 of a certain color layer thickness D and appears within the halftone image 12 in a first tone value, which is determined by the nature of the ink used and the banknote paper.
  • the second printed partial surface 28 is covered with a color layer 38 which has the same thickness D as the color layer 36 of the first partial surface 26.
  • the printed image of the second partial area 28 is formed with a certain proportion of unprinted white areas W.
  • the extent of the white areas W is at least in one dimension below the resolution limit of the naked eye, so that they can not be resolved without aids.
  • the second printed partial surface 28 therefore appears to the naked eye as a uniform, fully printed area. However, due to the presence of white, it appears within the halftone image 12 despite the same color layer thickness D in a second tone, which is lighter than the first tone of the sub-area 26.
  • a plurality of different tonal values can be set via the white component, each of which ranges in brightness to the brightness of the continuous ink layer 36 of the first partial surface 26.
  • a combination of different color layer thicknesses D and different white parts so a variety of tone values between "white” and “black” (or the completely covering expression of the printing ink used). It is understood that in a halftone image, there does not necessarily have to be a tone represented by a full-color layer 36. Rather, it may be advantageous to represent all occurring tonal values by partial areas with a certain amount of white.
  • Fig. 3 shows the representation of the Fig. 2 corresponding cutout of the profile of the associated intaglio printing plate 40.
  • a first engraving area 46 and a second engraving area 48 are each engraved with the same engraving depth T. While the first engraving area 46 is formed continuously and thus leads to a continuous ink layer 36 during printing, the second engraving area 48 is provided with webs 50 extending to the printing plate surface 42 whose surfaces 52 lying at the level of the printing plate surface form non-printing white areas.
  • the webs 50 continue from the lying on the surface 42 of the pressure plate surfaces 52 with a flank angle ⁇ in the depth of the pressure plate, which is essentially given by the engraving tool used.
  • the engraving areas of the intaglio printing plate 40 are engraved with a rotating stylus whose flank angle corresponds to the flank angle of the webs 50 to be generated.
  • Fig. 4 shows in (a) to (e) some exemplary embodiments. In each case, a plan view is shown of a uniformly printed partial surface of a Data carrier, as it shows when viewed with a magnifying glass or a microscope.
  • Fig. 4 (a) shows a first cutout 60, in which the associated intaglio printing plate contains a family of parallel engraving lines whose distance is greater than the line width of the engraving lines.
  • the associated intaglio printing plate contains a family of parallel engraving lines whose distance is greater than the line width of the engraving lines.
  • approximately 30 .mu.m wide engraving lines were produced with a spacing of 60 .mu.m.
  • cross gratings as they result from two sets of parallel engraving lines crossing at a certain angle ⁇ , also leads to very good results.
  • the intersecting lines of lines 72 in the printed image produce small, diamond-shaped white areas 74.
  • small, up to the printing plate surface reaching truncated pyramids are left by the intersecting engraving lines whose non-printing top surfaces in intaglio printing just the diamond-shaped white areas shown 74 result.
  • the engraving lines of the printing plate do not necessarily have to be rectilinear, as in the in Fig. 4 (c) illustrated section 80 showing two intersecting, curved line shares 82 and white areas enclosed 84 thereof.
  • the white areas may also represent hidden information, such as a pattern or a string, which is recognizable only when magnified accordingly.
  • the cutouts 90 and 94 of FIGS. 4 (d) and (e) simple variants of such designs in which the white areas in the form of the letter "D" have positive information (reference symbol 92, FIG. Fig. 4 (d) ) or negative information (reference numeral 96, Fig. 4 (e) ).
  • Different tonal values can also be set here by the line width of the engraving lines and / or the spacing of the individual information elements (in this case the letter "D"). Of course, even more complex information can be introduced in this way in the printed image.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a data support (20) with a continuous tone image produced by gravure printing, comprising printed part surfaces (26, 28) with defined tone values, whereby at least three printed part surfaces have differing tone values. According to the invention, one or more of the different tone values for the printed partial surfaces (28) which appears fully printed to the naked eye is formed with a certain proportion of non-printed white regions (W).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Datenträger mit einem im Stichtiefdruck hergestellten Halbtonbild, das bedruckte Teilflächen mit bestimmten Tonwerten aufweist, wobei mindestens drei bedruckte Teilflächen unterschiedliche Tonwerte besitzen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Stichtiefdruckplatte und ein Stichtiefdruckverfahren zum Drucken von Halbtonbildern mit drei oder mehr unterschiedlichen Tonwerten sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer derartigen Stichtiefdruckplatte.The invention relates to a data carrier with a halftone image produced in intaglio printing, which has printed sub-areas with specific tonal values, wherein at least three printed subareas have different tonal values. The invention further relates to a gravure printing plate and a gravure printing method for printing halftone images having three or more different tonal values, and to a method for producing such intaglio printing plate.

Datenträger im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind insbesondere Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumente, wie Banknoten, Pässe, Ausweisdokumente, Scheckformulare, Aktien, Urkunden, Briefmarken, Gutscheine, Flugscheine und dergleichen sowie Etiketten, Siegel, Verpackungen und andere Elemente für die Produktsicherung. Der Begriff "Datenträger" schließt im Folgenden alle derartigen Dokumente und Produktsicherungsmittel ein.Data carriers in the sense of the present invention are in particular security or valuable documents, such as banknotes, passports, identity documents, check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, vouchers, air tickets and the like, as well as labels, seals, packaging and other elements for product assurance. The term "data carrier" in the following includes all such documents and product securing means.

Sicherheits- und Wertdokumente, deren Handels- oder Nutzwert den Materialwert bei weitem übersteigt, werden in der Regel durch geeignete Maßnahmen als echt erkennbar und von Nachahmungen und Fälschungen unterscheidbar gemacht. Sie werden dazu meist mit besonderen Sicherheitselementen versehen, die idealerweise nicht oder nur mit großem Aufwand nachahmbar und nicht verfälschbar sind.Security and value documents, the commercial value or value of which far exceeds the material value, are usually identified by suitable measures as genuine and distinguishable from counterfeits and counterfeits. They are usually provided with special security elements that are ideally not or only with great effort imitable and not falsified.

In der Vergangenheit haben sich besonders diejenigen Sicherheitselemente bewährt, die vom Betrachter ohne Hilfsmittel identifiziert und als echt erkannt werden können, gleichzeitig aber nur mit hohem technischem oder wirtschaftlichem Aufwand hergestellt werden können. Dabei handelt es sich beispielsweise um Wasserzeichen, die nur während der Papierherstellung in den Datenträger eingebracht werden können, oder um im Stichtiefdruckverfahren erzeugte Druckbilder, die sich durch eine auch für den Laien leicht erkennbare charakteristische Taktilität auszeichnen, die sich durch andere Druckverfahren und insbesondere durch Kopiergeräte oder Scanner nicht reproduzieren lässt.In the past, especially those security elements have proven themselves that can be identified by the viewer without aids and recognized as genuine, but at the same time can only be produced with high technical or economic effort. These are, for example, watermarks, which can only be introduced into the data carrier during papermaking, or by intaglio printing generated print images, which are characterized by a layman also easily recognizable characteristic tactility that can not be reproduced by other printing methods and in particular by copying machines or scanners.

Die Linien- bzw. Stichtiefdrucktechnik, insbesondere die Stahlstichtiefdrucktechnik, hat für das Bedrucken von Datenträgern, insbesondere von Wertpapieren, wie Banknoten und dergleichen, eine große Bedeutung. Der Stichtiefdruck zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass in die Druckplatten linienförmige Vertiefungen eingebracht werden, um ein Druckbild zu erzeugen. Die farbübertragenden Bereiche der Druckplatte liegen somit als Vertiefungen in der Druckplattenoberfläche vor. Diese Vertiefungen werden mittels eines geeigneten Gravierwerkzeuges oder mittels Ätzung erzeugt. Bei der mechanisch gefertigten Druckplatte für den Stichtiefdruck wird aufgrund der üblicherweise konisch zulaufenden Gravierwerkzeuge mit zunehmender Stichtiefe eine breitere Linie erzeugt. Außerdem nimmt die Farbaufnahmefähigkeit der gravierten Linie und damit die Opazität der gedruckten Linie mit zunehmender Stichtiefe zu.The line or intaglio printing technique, in particular the Stahlstichtiefdrucktechnik, has for the printing of data carriers, in particular of securities, such as banknotes and the like, a great importance. The intaglio printing is characterized by the fact that linear depressions are introduced into the printing plates in order to produce a printed image. The ink-transferring areas of the printing plate are thus present as depressions in the printing plate surface. These depressions are produced by means of a suitable engraving tool or by etching. In the case of the mechanically produced printing plate for intaglio printing, a wider line is produced with increasing stitch depth due to the usually tapered engraving tools. In addition, the ink receptivity of the engraved line, and hence the opacity of the printed line, increases with increasing stitch depth.

Bei der Ätzung von Stichtiefdruckplatten werden die nicht druckenden Bereiche der Druckplatte mit einem chemisch inerten Lack abgedeckt. Durch nachfolgendes Ätzen wird in der frei liegenden Plattenoberfläche die Gravur erzeugt, wobei die Tiefe der Gravurlinien insbesondere von der Ätzdauer abhängt.During the etching of intaglio printing plates, the non-printing areas of the printing plate are covered with a chemically inert lacquer. By subsequent etching, the engraving is produced in the exposed plate surface, the depth of the engraving lines depending in particular on the etching time.

Vor dem eigentlichen Druckvorgang wird auf die gravierte Druckplatte Farbe pastöser Konsistenz aufgetragen und die überschüssige Druckfarbe mittels einer Abstreifrakel oder eines Wischzylinders von der Oberfläche der Druckplatte entfernt, so dass die Farbe lediglich in den Vertiefungen zurückbleibt. Anschließend wird ein Substrat, in der Regel Papier, gegen die Druckplatte und dabei auch in die mit Farbe gefüllten Vertiefungen der Druckplatte gepresst und wieder abgezogen, wobei die Farbe aus den Vertiefungen der Druckplatte herausgezogen wird, an der Substratoberfläche haften bleibt und dort ein Druckbild bildet. Werden lasierende Farben verwendet, bestimmt die Dicke des Farbauftrags den Farbton. So erhält man beim Bedrucken eines weißen Datenträgers mit geringen Farbschichtdicken eine helle Farbtönung, beim Bedrucken mit dicken Farbschichten dunklere Farbtöne. Die Farbschichtdicke ist wiederum in gewissem Maß von der Gravurtiefe abhängig.Prior to the actual printing process, pasty consistency is applied to the engraved printing plate and the excess printing ink is removed from the surface of the printing plate by means of a doctor blade or a wiping cylinder so that the ink remains only in the depressions. Subsequently, a substrate, usually paper, pressed against the printing plate and thereby also in the filled with ink wells of the printing plate and withdrawn, the color is pulled out of the wells of the printing plate, adhering to the substrate surface and forms a printed image , If translucent colors are used, the thickness of the paint application determines the color tone. Thus, when printing on a white data carrier with low ink layer thicknesses, a light color tone is obtained, while when printing with thick color layers, darker color tones are obtained. The ink layer thickness is in turn dependent to some extent on the engraving depth.

Die Linienstichtiefdrucktechnik lässt im Vergleich zu anderen gängigen Drucktechniken, wie beispielsweise Offsetdruck, einen relativ dicken Farbauftrag auf einem Datenträger zu. Die im Linienstichtiefdruckverfahren erzeugte, vergleichsweise dicke Farbschicht ist zusammen init der partiellen Verformung der Papieroberfläche, die durch das Einpressen des Papiers in die Gravur der Druckplatte zustandekommt, auch für den Laien leicht manuell fühlbar und so auch anhand ihrer Taktilität als Echtheitsmerkmal einfach erkennbar. Die Taktilität ist mit einem Kopiergerät nicht nachzuahmen, so dass die Linienstichtiefdrucktechnik einen hochwertigen Schutz gegen Fälschungen bietet.Line intaglio printing technology allows a relatively thick application of ink on a data carrier in comparison to other common printing techniques, such as offset printing. The comparatively thick ink layer produced by line intaglio printing together with the partial deformation of the paper surface, which comes about when the paper is pressed into the engraving of the printing plate, can easily be felt manually even by the layman and can therefore easily be recognized as an authenticity feature by virtue of its tactility. The tactility is not imitated with a copier, so that the Linichtichtiefdrucktechnik provides high-quality protection against counterfeiting.

Konventionelle Linienstichtiefdruckverfahren weisen allerdings den Nachteil auf, dass sich im Druckbild Taktilität bei gleichzeitig vollflächigem Druck nicht in einem Druckgang realisieren lässt. Zur Abhilfe ist in der Druckschrift WO 03/ 052702 A2 vorgeschlagen worden, einen Datenträger mit einem im Stichtiefdruck hergestellten Halbtonbild zu versehen, das in wenigstens einem Teilbereich des Bildes direkt aneinander grenzende bedruckte Teilflächen umfasst, wobei die Teilflächen bestimmte Tonwerte aufweisen und wenigstens ein Teilbereich des Bildes taktil wahrnehmbar ist. Der Begriff "Halbtonbild" bezeichnet dabei, wie auch in der vorliegenden Beschreibung, ein Bild, das zwischen der hellsten und dunkelsten Bildstelle Zwischentöne aufweist. Handelt es sich um ein Schwarz-Weiß-Bild, ist unter "Tonwert", wie üblich, ein Wert auf einer Grauskala von Weiß bis Schwarz zu verstehen. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft aber nicht nur Schwarz-Weiß-Halbton-Bilder, die die unbunten Farben, nämlich Weiß, Schwarz und Grau, enthalten, sondern auch ein- oder mehrfarbige Halbtonbilder, die die so genannten bunten Farben umfassen. Im Falle der bunten Halbton-Bilder ist unter "Tonwert" die Helligkeit der betrachteten Farbe zu verstehen.However, conventional line intaglio printing methods have the disadvantage that tactility and simultaneously full-surface printing can not be realized in one print run in the print image. The remedy is in the document WO 03/052702 A2 It has been proposed to provide a data carrier with a halftone image produced by intaglio printing, which comprises printed subareas directly adjoining each other in at least one subregion of the image, the subareas having specific tonal values and at least a portion of the image is tactile perceptible. As used herein, the term "halftone image" refers to an image that has intermediate tones between the brightest and darkest image locations. If it is a black-and-white image, "tonal value" is, as usual, a value on a gray scale from white to black. However, the present invention relates not only to black and white halftone images containing the achromatic colors, namely, white, black and gray, but also to monochrome or multicolor halftone images comprising the so-called bright colors. In the case of the colorful halftone images, the term "tone value" is understood to mean the brightness of the color under consideration.

Zur Herstellung eines solchen Druckbildes wird in der WO 03/052702 A2 eine Vorlage, wie etwa ein Portrait, in halbtonwertbezogene Teilflächen unterteilt und den einzelnen Tonwerten oder Gruppen von Tonwerten, abgestimmt auf die zur Anwendung kommende Druckfarbe, unterschiedliche Gravurtiefen für die herzustellende Druckplatte zugeordnet. Die Tonwerte der Vorlage werden dabei in entsprechende Gravurtiefen auf der Druckplatte umgesetzt, wobei die für die Erzeugung eines speziellen Tonwertes notwendige Gravurtiefe von Druckfarbe zu Druckfarbe variieren kann.To produce such a printed image is in the WO 03/052702 A2 a template, such as a portrait, divided into halftone-related sub-areas and assigned to the individual tone values or groups of tone values, matched to the printing ink used, different engraving depths for the printing plate to be produced. The tonal values of the original are converted into corresponding engraving depths on the printing plate, whereby the engraving depth necessary for the generation of a special tonal value can vary from printing ink to printing ink.

Ausgehend davon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Datenträger mit erhöhter Fälschungssicherheit zu schaffen, der ein im Stichtiefdruck hergestelltes Halbtonbild mit einer großen Anzahl von zur Verfügung stehenden Halbtonwerten aufweist.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to create a data carrier with increased security against counterfeiting, which has a half-tone image produced by intaglio printing with a large number of available halftone values.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Datenträger mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Ein Stichtiefdruckverfahren und eine Stichtiefdruckplatte zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Datenträgers sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer derartigen Stichtiefdruckplatte sind in den nebengeordneten Ansprüchen angegeben. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the data carrier with the features of the main claim. An intaglio printing method and an intaglio printing plate for producing a data carrier according to the invention as well as a method for producing such a intaglio printing plate are shown in the co-located Claims specified. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung sind bei einem Datenträger der eingangs genannten Art einer oder mehrere der unterschiedlichen Tonwerte durch für das bloße Auge vollflächig erscheinende bedruckte Teilflächen mit einem bestimmten Anteil nichtbedruckter Weißbereiche gebildet. Durch die Verwendung derartiger Weißbereiche kann die Anzahl der verfügbaren Halbtonwerte signifikant erhöht und zugleich eine gezielte Halbtonsteuerung erreicht werden.According to the invention, in the case of a data carrier of the type mentioned at the outset, one or more of the different tonal values are formed by printed partial areas appearing over the entire surface of the naked eye with a certain proportion of unprinted white areas. By using such white areas, the number of available halftone values can be significantly increased and at the same time a targeted halftone control can be achieved.

Beispielsweise können beim Einsatz von drei verschiedenen Gravurtiefen durch die Verwendung unterschiedlich großer Weißanteile problemlos acht verschiedene Tonwerte realisiert werden, die bereits eine außerordentlich realistische Darstellung von Halbtonbildern, wie etwa Portraits, erlauben. Darüber hinaus hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Weißbereiche zu einer Stabilisierung des Farbtons der bedruckten Teilflächen führt, was sich insbesondere beim Einsatz schlecht lasierender Druckfarben vorteilhaft bemerkbar macht.For example, the use of three different engraving depths by the use of different sized white parts easily eight different tonal values can be realized, which already allow an extremely realistic representation of halftone images, such as portraits. In addition, it has been found that the use of the white areas according to the invention leads to a stabilization of the hue of the printed partial areas, which is particularly advantageous when using poorly translucent printing inks.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass die nichtbedruckten Weißbereiche zumindest eines der unterschiedlichen Tonwerte durch eine Schar paralleler Weißlinien gebildet sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich sind gemäß einer weiteren, ebenfalls bevorzugten Ausgestaltung die nichtbedruckten Weißbereiche zumindest eines der unterschiedlichen Tonwerte durch ein regelmäßiges Kreuzraster gebildet. Die Weißbereiche ergeben sich dabei beispielsweise durch die zwischen zwei sich kreuzenden Scharen paralleler Drucklinien verbleibenden rautenförmigen Zwischenräume.In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values are formed by a family of parallel white lines. Alternatively or additionally, according to a further, likewise preferred embodiment, the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values are formed by a regular cross grid. The white areas result, for example, from the diamond-shaped intermediate spaces remaining between two intersecting groups of parallel printing lines.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bilden die nichtbedruckten Weißbereiche zumindest eines der unterschiedlichen Tonwerte eine versteckte Information, wie ein Muster oder eine Zeichenfolge. Durch eine derartige, mit bloßem Auge nicht erkennbar Zusatzinformation in der Feinstruktur des Druckbilds kann die Fälschungssicherheit des Datenträgers weiter erhöht werden. Die Information der Weißbereiche kann dabei als positive oder negative Information vorliegen. Sie kann auch nur in einem Teilbereich des Halbtonbilds vorgesehen sein.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tone values form hidden information, such as a pattern or a string. By such, with the naked eye not visible additional information in the fine structure of the printed image, the security against counterfeiting of the data carrier can be further increased. The information of the white areas can be present as positive or negative information. It can also be provided only in a partial area of the halftone image.

Mit Vorteil ist wenigstens eine der bedruckten Teilflächen des Halbtonbildes taktil wahrnehmbar oder enthält ein taktil wahrnehmbares Strukturelement und bildet dadurch einen wirksamen Schutz gegen Nachahmung, z.B. durch Kopieren.Advantageously, at least one of the printed sub-areas of the halftone image is tactually perceptible or contains a tactile perceptible structural element and thereby provides effective protection against counterfeiting, e.g. by copying.

Die Ausdehnung der nichtbedruckten Weißbereiche ist in zumindest einer Dimension kleiner als 100 µm, bevorzugt kleiner als 80 µm, besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 60 µm, noch weiter bevorzugt kleiner als 40 µm und insbesonders bevorzugt kleiner als 20 µm. Um diese Bedingung zu erfüllen, können die Weißbereiche beispielsweise Linien mit einer Breite kleiner als 100 µm (bzw. kleiner als 80 µm oder 60 µm oder 40 µm oder 20 µm) oder durch Flächengebiete beliebiger Form mit einer Flächenausdehnung kleiner als 100 µm x 100 µm (bzw. kleiner als 80 µm x 80 µm oder 60 µm x 60 µm oder 40 µm x 40 µm oder 20 µm x 20 µm) gebildet sein.The extent of the unprinted white areas is less than 100 μm, preferably less than 80 μm, more preferably less than 60 μm, even more preferably less than 40 μm and especially preferably less than 20 μm, in at least one dimension. To meet this condition, the white areas, for example, lines with a width less than 100 microns (or less than 80 microns or 60 microns or 40 microns or 20 microns) or by surface areas of any shape with an areal extent of less than 100 microns x 100 microns (or less than 80 microns x 80 microns or 60 microns x 60 microns or 40 microns x 40 microns or 20 microns x 20 microns) may be formed.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung besitzen mindestens sechs, beispielsweise acht, bedruckte Teilflächen unterschiedliche Tonwerte, die jeweils durch für das bloße Auge vollflächig erscheinende bedruckte Teilflächen mit einem bestimmten Anteil nichtbedruckten Weißbereiche gebildet sind. Mit einer derartigen feinen Auflösung der Tonwerte lassen sich im Stichtiefdruck annähernd photorealistisch wirkende Darstellungen erreichen.In a preferred embodiment, at least six, for example eight, printed partial areas have different tonal values which are each formed by printed partial areas which appear to be full-surface to the naked eye and have a certain proportion of unprinted white areas. With a such fine resolution of the tonal values can be achieved in intaglio printing almost photorealistic acting representations.

Die Teilflächen des Halbtonbilds können insbesondere aus einem einer Halbtonbildvorlage überlagerten Raster abgeleitet sein, wie in der internationalen Anmeldung WO 03/052702 beschrieben. Auch kann das Halbtonbild, wie in der WO 03/052702 beschrieben, zusätzliche taktile Strukturelemente aufweisen, oder zumindest in Teilbereichen mit Feinstrukturen überlagert sein, die dessen visuelle Erscheinung beeinflussen und die in einzelnen Teilflächen eine unterschiedliche Orientierung aufweisen. Die WO 03/052702 beschreibt auch verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung einer Halbtonvorlage in ein Stichtiefdruckbild, die bei der vorliegenden Erfindung ebenfalls zum Einsatz kommen können. Bezüglich der genannten Gegenstände wird die Offenbarung der WO 03/052702 durch Bezug in die vorliegende Anmeldung aufgenommen.In particular, the sub-areas of the halftone image can be derived from a grid superimposed on a halftone image original, as in the international application WO 03/052702 described. Also, the halftone image, as in the WO 03/052702 described, have additional tactile structural elements, or be superimposed at least in some areas with fine structures that affect its visual appearance and have a different orientation in individual sub-areas. The WO 03/052702 also describes various possibilities for converting a halftone original into a intaglio image, which can likewise be used in the present invention. With regard to the mentioned objects, the disclosure of WO 03/052702 incorporated by reference into the present application.

Die Erfindung enthält weiter eine Stichtiefdruckplatte zum Drucken eines Halbtonbildes mit wenigstens drei unterschiedlich gravierten Bereichen in der Druckplattenoberfläche, die dem Druck unterschiedlicher Tonwerte dienen. Einer oder mehrere der wenigstens drei gravierten Bereiche weisen dabei einen bestimmten Anteil nichtdruckender Weißbereiche auf, die durch in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche liegende Flächen gebildet sind und deren Ausdehnung zumindest in einer Dimension unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des bloßen Auges liegt.The invention further includes a gravure printing plate for printing a halftone image having at least three differently engraved areas in the printing plate surface which serve to print different tonal values. One or more of the at least three engraved areas in this case have a certain proportion of non-printing white areas which are formed by surfaces lying at the level of the printing plate surface and whose extent lies at least in one dimension below the resolution limit of the naked eye.

Mit Vorteil können sich die nichtdruckenden Weißbereiche zumindest eines der gravierten Bereiche einer derartigen Druckplatte aus einer Schar paralleler Gravurlinien ergeben, deren Abstand größer als die Linienbreite der Gravurlinien ist. Unter Abstand ist dabei nicht der nichtdruckende Zwischenraum zwischen den Gravurlinien zu verstehen, sondern der Abstand z.B. von der linken Flanke der einen Gravurlinie zur linken Flanke der nächsten Gravurlinie. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können sich die nichtdruckenden Weißbereiche zumindest eines der gravierten Bereiche auch aus zwei sich unter einem Winkel kreuzenden Scharen jeweils paralleler Gravurlinien ergeben. Der Abstand der Gravurlinien innerhalb jeder Schar ist auch hier größer als die Linienbreite der Gravurlinien, so dass sich rautenförmige Weißbereiche ergeben. Die beiden Scharen kreuzen sich vorteilhaft unter einem Winkel, der zwischen 40° und 80°, vorzugsweise zwischen 50° und 70°, beispielsweise bei etwa 60° liegt.Advantageously, the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved areas of such a printing plate can result from a family of parallel engraving lines whose spacing is greater than the line width of the engraving lines. At a distance is not the non-printing space between the engraving lines, but the distance, for example, from the left flank of an engraving line to the left flank of the next engraving line. Alternatively or additionally, the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved areas can also result from two sets of parallel engraving lines crossing each other at an angle. The spacing of the engraving lines within each family is greater here than the line width of the engraving lines, resulting in diamond-shaped white areas. The two crowds intersect advantageously at an angle which is between 40 ° and 80 °, preferably between 50 ° and 70 °, for example at about 60 °.

Die Gravurlinien der Stichtiefdruckplatte bzw. die gedruckten Linien weisen bevorzugt eine Breite unterhalb von 60 µm, besonders bevorzugt unterhalb von 50 µm, insbesondere bevorzugt unterhalb von 30 µm auf.The engraving lines of the intaglio printing plate or the printed lines preferably have a width of less than 60 μm, particularly preferably less than 50 μm, particularly preferably less than 30 μm.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung bilden die nichtdruckenden Weißbereiche zumindest eines der gravierten Bereiche eine versteckte Information, wie ein Muster oder eine Zeichenfolge, um die Fälschungssicherheit der erzeugten Halbtonbilder weiter zu erhöhen. Die versteckte Information kann dabei als positive oder negative Information vorliegen und auch nur in einem Teilbereich des Halbtonbilds vorgesehen sein.According to one embodiment of the invention, the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved areas form hidden information, such as a pattern or a string, in order to further increase the security of the generated halftone images. The hidden information can be present as positive or negative information and can also be provided only in a partial area of the halftone image.

Vorzugsweise setzen sich die in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche liegenden Flächen der Weißbereiche mit einem Flankenwinkel α in die Tiefe der Druckplatte fort, der zwischen 15° und 60°, vorzugsweise zwischen 30° und 50°, jeweils bezogen auf die Oberflächennormale der Druckplatte, liegt. Zumindest einer der gravierten Bereiche weist mit Vorteil eine Grundfläche mit einem Rauigkeitsgrundmuster auf, wie es beispielsweise nach dem in der Druckschrift WO 97/48555 beschriebenen Verfahren erzeugt werden kann.Preferably, the areas of the white areas lying at the level of the printing plate surface continue with a flank angle α into the depth of the printing plate, which lies between 15 ° and 60 °, preferably between 30 ° and 50 °, in each case based on the surface normal of the printing plate. At least one of the engraved areas advantageously has a base area with a basic roughness pattern, as is the case, for example, in the publication WO 97/48555 described method can be generated.

Die Erfindung enthält auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Stichtiefdruckplatte zum Drucken eines Halbtonbildes mit drei oder mehr unterschiedlichen Tonwerten, mit den Verfahrensschritten:

  • Bereitstellen einer Druckplatte mit einer Druckplattenoberfläche,
  • Gravieren von wenigstens drei unterschiedlichen Bereichen in die Druckplatte, wobei in einem oder mehreren der drei Bereiche ein bestimmter Anteil nichtdruckender Weißbereiche stehen gelassen wird, welche durch in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche liegende Flächen gebildet werden, deren Ausdehnung zumindest in einer Dimension unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des bloßen Auges liegt.
The invention also includes a method for producing a gravure printing plate for printing a halftone image having three or more different tone values, comprising the steps of:
  • Providing a printing plate with a printing plate surface,
  • Engraving at least three different areas in the printing plate, leaving in one or more of the three areas a certain amount of non-printing white areas formed by surfaces lying at the printing plate surface, the extent of which is at least one dimension below the resolution limit of the naked eye lies.

Die in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche liegende Flächen der Weißbereiche werden dabei vorteilhaft so ausgebildet, dass sie sich mit einem Flankenwinkel α in die Tiefe der Druckplatte erstrecken, der zwischen 15° und 60°, vorzugsweise zwischen 30° und 50°, bezogen auf die Oberflächennormale der Druckplatte, liegt. Zum Gravieren wird dabei zweckmäßig ein Gravurwerkzeug mit einem entsprechenden Flankenwinkel α eingesetzt.The lying at the level of the printing plate surface areas of the white areas are advantageously designed so that they extend with a flank angle α in the depth of the printing plate, which is between 15 ° and 60 °, preferably between 30 ° and 50 °, based on the surface normal Pressure plate, lies. For engraving, an engraving tool with a corresponding flank angle α is expediently used.

Vorzugsweise werden die erfindungsgemäßen Stichtiefdruckplatten durch Gravur mit einem Stichel, besonders bevorzugt mit einem schnell rotierenden, sich konisch verjüngenden Stichel, wie in der Druckschrift WO 97/48555 beschrieben, hergestellt. Dadurch können insbesondere bunte, also beispielsweise einfarbige blaue oder rote Halbtonbilder mit strahlenden, intensiven Farbtönen erzeugt werden, die in den verschiedenen Tonabstufungen keine Anzeichen von Grau- oder Braunbeimischungen zeigen. Grundsätzlich können die Gravuren allerdings auch mittels Lasergravur oder Ätzung oder jedem anderen geeigneten Abtragungsverfahren erzeugt werden.Preferably, the intaglio printing plates according to the invention by engraving with a stylus, more preferably with a rapidly rotating, conically tapered stylus, as in the document WO 97/48555 described, prepared. As a result, in particular colorful, that is, for example, monochrome blue or red halftone images can be generated with bright, intense shades that show no signs of gray or brown blending in the different tone gradations. Basically, the engravings, however, also by laser engraving or Etching or any other suitable removal method can be generated.

Durch den Einsatz der Stichtiefdrucktechnik, insbesondere der Stahlstichtiefdrucktechnik für die erfindungsgemäßen Halbtonbilder wird ein charakteristisches, auch für Laien leicht erkennbares Druck- und Prägebild erzielt, das mit anderen gängigen Druckverfahren nicht nachgestellt werden kann. Die Stichtiefdrucktechnik und die hier offenbarte Neuerung sind daher besonders für das Bedrucken von werthaltigen oder sicherheitsrelevanten Datenträgern, wie Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten, geeignet, die hohen Anforderungen bezüglich der Fälschungssicherheit gerecht werden müssen.The use of intaglio printing technology, in particular the steel intaglio technique for the halftone images according to the invention, achieves a characteristic printing and embossing image, which is easily recognizable even to laymen, and which can not be readjusted with other common printing processes. The intaglio printing technique and the innovation disclosed here are therefore particularly suitable for the printing of valuable or security-relevant data carriers, such as security or value documents, which have to meet high demands with regard to the protection against counterfeiting.

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion has been dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.

Es zeigen:

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem im Stichtiefdruck hergestellten Halbtonbild nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
einen Ausschnitt der Banknote der Fig. 1 im Bereich des Halbtonbildes im Querschnitt,
Fig. 3
einen entsprechenden Ausschnitt des Profils der zur Herstellung des Halbtonbilds der Fig. 2 verwendeten Stichtiefdruckplatte, ebenfalls nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und
Fig. 4
in (a) bis (e) verschiedene Aufsichten auf gemäß der Erfindung bedruckte Teilflächen eines Datenträgers bei Betrachtung mit einer Lupe oder einem Mikroskop.
Show it:
Fig.1
1 is a schematic representation of a banknote with a half-tone image produced in intaglio printing according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2
a section of the banknote Fig. 1 in the area of the halftone image in cross section,
Fig. 3
a corresponding section of the profile of the production of the halftone image of Fig. 2 used intaglio printing plate, also according to an embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 4
in (a) to (e) various views on printed according to the invention partial areas of a data carrier when viewed with a magnifying glass or a microscope.

Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel einer Banknote erläutert. Fig.1 zeigt eine Banknote 10, die mit einem im Stichtiefdruck hergestellten Halbtonbild 12 versehen ist, das in der Figur schematisch als Schwarz-Weiß-Portrait dargestellt ist. Typischerweise besteht das gesamte Druckbild der Banknote aus einer Überlagerung mehrerer Druckbilder, die mit unterschiedlichen Druckverfahren erzeugt sind. Neben oder anstelle des Portraits 12 kann auch ein weiteres graphisches Motiv 14 als Stichtiefdruck-Halbtonbild nach der Erfindung ausgeführt sein. In letztem Fall kann das Portrait 12 auch mit konventionellem Stichtiefdruck erzeugt sein.The invention will now be explained using the example of a banknote. Fig.1 shows a banknote 10, which is provided with a semi-tone image 12 produced by intaglio printing, which is shown schematically in the figure as a black and white portrait. Typically, the entire printed image of the banknote consists of a superposition of a plurality of printed images, which are produced with different printing methods. In addition to or instead of the portrait 12, a further graphic motif 14 can also be designed as a intaglio half tone image according to the invention. In the latter case, the portrait 12 can also be produced with conventional intaglio printing.

Darüber hinaus kann die Banknote 10 ein im Offsetdruck hergestelltes Muster 16, beispielsweise ein Guillochemuster aus regelmäßig ineinander verschlungenen Linien oder ein anderes feinstrukturiertes Muster enthalten, sowie eine im Buchdruck aufgedruckte Seriennummer 18. Auch können im Siebdruck oder mit weiteren Druckverfahren erstellte Bereiche vorgesehen sein.In addition, the banknote 10 may contain a pattern 16 produced in offset printing, for example a guilloche pattern of regularly interlaced lines or another finely structured pattern, and a serial number 18 printed by letterpress. Areas created by screen printing or by further printing methods may also be provided.

Fig. 2 zeigt zur Illustration einen Ausschnitt der Banknote 10 im Bereich des Stichtiefdruck-Halbtonbildes 12 im Querschnitt. Der dargestellte Ausschnitt zeigt das beim Druckvorgang durch den Anpressdruck verformte Banknotenpapier 20, das auf der Banknotenrückseite Vertiefungen 22 und auf der Banknotenvorderseite Erhebungen 24 aufweist. In den bedruckten Teilflächen 26 und 28, von denen in der Figur nur ein Teil dargestellt ist, sind die Erhebungen 24 jeweils mit Farbschichten 36 bzw. 38 bedeckt, die beim Druckvorgang aus den gravierten Bereichen 46 und 48 (Fig. 3) der Druckplatte 40 aufgenommen wurden. Fig. 2 shows for illustration a section of the banknote 10 in the area of the intaglio half-tone image 12 in cross-section. The detail shown shows the banknote paper 20 deformed during the printing process by the contact pressure, which has recesses 22 on the banknotes back and elevations 24 on the front of the banknotes. In the printed partial areas 26 and 28, of which only a part is shown in the figure, the elevations 24 are each covered with color layers 36 and 38, respectively, which are separated from the engraved areas 46 and 48 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) of the printing plate 40 were recorded.

Die erste bedruckte Teilfläche 26 ist mit einer Farbschicht 36 einer bestimmten Farbschichtdicke D bedeckt und erscheint innerhalb des Halbtonbildes 12 in einem ersten Tonwert, der durch die Beschaffenheit der verwendeten Druckfarbe und des Banknotenpapiers bestimmt wird.The first printed sub-area 26 is covered with a color layer 36 of a certain color layer thickness D and appears within the halftone image 12 in a first tone value, which is determined by the nature of the ink used and the banknote paper.

Die zweite bedruckte Teilfläche 28 ist mit einer Farbschicht 38 bedeckt, die dieselbe Dicke D wie die Farbschicht 36 der ersten Teilfläche 26 aufweist. Im Unterschied zur ersten Teilfläche ist das Druckbild der zweiten Teilfläche 28 jedoch mit einem bestimmten Anteil nichtbedruckter Weißbereiche W gebildet. Die Ausdehnung der Weißbereiche W liegt zumindest in einer Dimension unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des bloßen Auges, so dass sie ohne Hilfsmittel nicht aufgelöst werden können.The second printed partial surface 28 is covered with a color layer 38 which has the same thickness D as the color layer 36 of the first partial surface 26. In contrast to the first partial area, however, the printed image of the second partial area 28 is formed with a certain proportion of unprinted white areas W. The extent of the white areas W is at least in one dimension below the resolution limit of the naked eye, so that they can not be resolved without aids.

Die zweite bedruckte Teilfläche 28 erscheint daher für das bloße Auge als einheitliche, vollflächig bedruckte Fläche. Aufgrund des vorhandenen Weißanteils erscheint sie allerdings innerhalb des Halbtonbildes 12 trotz der gleichen Farbschichtdicke D in einem zweiten Tonwert, der heller als der erste Tonwert der Teilfläche 26 ist.The second printed partial surface 28 therefore appears to the naked eye as a uniform, fully printed area. However, due to the presence of white, it appears within the halftone image 12 despite the same color layer thickness D in a second tone, which is lighter than the first tone of the sub-area 26.

Über den Weißanteil können auf diese Weise bei konstanter Farbschichtdicke jeweils mehrere unterschiedliche Tonwerte eingestellt werden, die in ihrer Helligkeit jeweils bis zur Helligkeit der durchgehenden Farbschicht 36 der ersten Teilfläche 26 reichen. Durch eine Kombination von verschiedenen Farbschichtdicken D und unterschiedlichen Weißanteilen kann so eine Vielzahl von Tonwerten zwischen "Weiß" und "Schwarz" (bzw. der vollständig deckenden Ausprägung der verwendeten Druckfarbe) erhalten werden. Es versteht sich, dass es in einem Halbtonbild nicht unbedingt einen Tonwert geben muss, der durch eine vollflächige Farbschicht 36 dargestellt wird. Vielmehr kann es vorteilhaft sein, alle vorkommenden Tonwerte durch Teilflächen mit einem gewissen Weißanteil darzustellen.In this way, with the aid of a constant ink layer thickness, in each case a plurality of different tonal values can be set via the white component, each of which ranges in brightness to the brightness of the continuous ink layer 36 of the first partial surface 26. By a combination of different color layer thicknesses D and different white parts, so a variety of tone values between "white" and "black" (or the completely covering expression of the printing ink used). It is understood that in a halftone image, there does not necessarily have to be a tone represented by a full-color layer 36. Rather, it may be advantageous to represent all occurring tonal values by partial areas with a certain amount of white.

Fig. 3 zeigt den der Darstellung der Fig. 2 entsprechenden Ausschnitt des Profils der zugehörigen Stichtiefdruckplatte 40. In die Druckplattenoberfläche 42 sind ein erster Gravurbereich 46 und ein zweiter Gravurbereich 48 mit jeweils derselben Gravurtiefe T graviert. Während der erste Gravurbereich 46 durchgehend ausgebildet ist und beim Druckvorgang somit zu einer durchgehenden Farbschicht 36 führt, ist der zweite Gravurbereich 48 mit bis zur Druckplattenoberfläche 42 reichenden Stegen 50 ausgestattet, deren in Höhe der Druckplattenoberfläche 42 liegenden Flächen 52 nichtdruckende Weißbereiche bilden. Fig. 3 shows the representation of the Fig. 2 corresponding cutout of the profile of the associated intaglio printing plate 40. In the printing plate surface 42, a first engraving area 46 and a second engraving area 48 are each engraved with the same engraving depth T. While the first engraving area 46 is formed continuously and thus leads to a continuous ink layer 36 during printing, the second engraving area 48 is provided with webs 50 extending to the printing plate surface 42 whose surfaces 52 lying at the level of the printing plate surface form non-printing white areas.

Die Stege 50 setzen sich von den an der Oberfläche 42 der Druckplatte liegenden Flächen 52 mit einem Flankenwinkel α in die Tiefe der Druckplatte fort, welcher im Wesentlichen durch das verwendete Gravurwerkzeug gegeben ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Gravurbereiche der Stichtiefdruckplatte 40 mit einem rotierenden Stichel graviert, dessen Flankenwinkel dem zu erzeugenden Flankenwinkel der Stege 50 entspricht.The webs 50 continue from the lying on the surface 42 of the pressure plate surfaces 52 with a flank angle α in the depth of the pressure plate, which is essentially given by the engraving tool used. In the exemplary embodiment, the engraving areas of the intaglio printing plate 40 are engraved with a rotating stylus whose flank angle corresponds to the flank angle of the webs 50 to be generated.

Um bei derselben Gravurtiefe unterschiedliche Weißbereiche bzw. unterschiedliche Weißanteile zu erzeugen, kann das Gravurwerkzeug für die verschiedenen Teilflächen entlang unterschiedlicher Bahnen geführt werden. Fig. 4 zeigt dazu in (a) bis (e) einige beispielhaften Ausführungsformen. Dargestellt ist jeweils eine Aufsicht auf eine einheitlich bedruckte Teilfläche eines Datenträgers, wie sie sich bei Betrachtung mit einer Lupe oder einem Mikroskop zeigt.In order to produce different white areas or different white parts at the same engraving depth, the engraving tool can be guided along different paths for the different partial areas. Fig. 4 shows in (a) to (e) some exemplary embodiments. In each case, a plan view is shown of a uniformly printed partial surface of a Data carrier, as it shows when viewed with a magnifying glass or a microscope.

Fig. 4(a) zeigt einen ersten Ausschnitt 60, bei dem die zugehörige Stichtiefdruckplatte eine Schar paralleler Gravurlinien enthält, deren Abstand größer als die Linienbreite der Gravurlinien ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel wurden beispielsweise bei einer Gravurtiefe von 15 µm etwa 30 µm breite Gravurlinien mit einem Abstand von 60 µm erzeugt. Im Druckbild ergibt sich dadurch eine für das bloße Auge vollflächig erscheinende und relativ helle Teilfläche, die unter der Lupe oder einem Mikroskop gerade die in Fig. 4(a) dargestellte Struktur aus einer Linienschar paralleler Drucklinien 62 und dazwischen liegenden parallelen Weißlinien 64 zeigt. Fig. 4 (a) shows a first cutout 60, in which the associated intaglio printing plate contains a family of parallel engraving lines whose distance is greater than the line width of the engraving lines. In the exemplary embodiment, for example, at an engraving depth of 15 .mu.m, approximately 30 .mu.m wide engraving lines were produced with a spacing of 60 .mu.m. In the printed image, this results in a relatively bright partial area appearing to the naked eye over the entire surface, which under the magnifying glass or a microscope is exactly the same as in Fig. 4 (a) shown structure of a line of parallel printing lines 62 and intervening parallel white lines 64 shows.

Zu sehr guten Ergebnissen führt auch die Verwendung von Kreuzgittern, wie sie sich aus zwei, sich unter einem bestimmten Winkel β kreuzenden Scharen paralleler Gravurlinien ergeben. Wie im Ausschnitt 70 der Fig. 4(b) gezeigt, erzeugen die sich kreuzenden Linienscharen 72 im Druckbild kleine, rautenförmige Weißbereiche 74. Auf der zugehörigen Stichtiefdruckplatte werden durch die sich kreuzenden Gravurlinien kleine, bis zur Druckplattenoberfläche reichende Pyramidenstümpfe stehen gelassen, deren nichtdruckende Deckflächen beim Stichtiefdruck gerade die gezeigten rautenförmigen Weißbereiche 74 ergeben.The use of cross gratings, as they result from two sets of parallel engraving lines crossing at a certain angle β, also leads to very good results. As in section 70 of the Fig. 4 (b) shown, the intersecting lines of lines 72 in the printed image produce small, diamond-shaped white areas 74. On the associated intaglio printing plate, small, up to the printing plate surface reaching truncated pyramids are left by the intersecting engraving lines whose non-printing top surfaces in intaglio printing just the diamond-shaped white areas shown 74 result.

Die Gravurlinien der Druckplatte müssen nicht unbedingt geradlinig verlaufen, wie in dem in Fig. 4(c) dargestellten Ausschnitt 80 veranschaulicht, der zwei sich kreuzende, geschwungene Linienscharen 82 und davon eingeschlossene Weißbereiche 84 zeigt.The engraving lines of the printing plate do not necessarily have to be rectilinear, as in the in Fig. 4 (c) illustrated section 80 showing two intersecting, curved line shares 82 and white areas enclosed 84 thereof.

Die Weißbereiche können auch eine versteckte Information, wie ein Muster oder eine Zeichenfolge darstellen, die nur bei entsprechender Vergrößerung erkennbar ist. Lediglich beispielhaft zeigen die Ausschnitte 90 bzw. 94 der Figuren 4(d) und (e) einfache Varianten solcher Gestaltungen, bei denen die Weißbereiche in Form des Buchstabens "D" eine positive Information (Bezugszeichen 92, Fig. 4(d)) oder eine negative Information (Bezugszeichen 96, Fig. 4(e)) darstellen. Unterschiedliche Tonwerte lassen sich auch hier durch die Linienbreite der Gravurlinien und/oder den Abstand der einzelnen Informationselemente (hier des Buchstabens "D") einstellen. Selbstverständlich können auch wesentliche komplexere Informationen auf diese Weise in das Druckbild eingebracht werden.The white areas may also represent hidden information, such as a pattern or a string, which is recognizable only when magnified accordingly. For example only, the cutouts 90 and 94 of FIGS. 4 (d) and (e) simple variants of such designs in which the white areas in the form of the letter "D" have positive information (reference symbol 92, FIG. Fig. 4 (d) ) or negative information (reference numeral 96, Fig. 4 (e) ). Different tonal values can also be set here by the line width of the engraving lines and / or the spacing of the individual information elements (in this case the letter "D"). Of course, even more complex information can be introduced in this way in the printed image.

Claims (29)

  1. A data carrier having, produced by intaglio printing, a halftone image that exhibits printed sub-areas having certain tonal values, at least three printed sub-areas having different tonal values, characterized in that one or more of the different tonal values are formed by printed sub-areas appearing fully printed to the naked eye and having a certain portion of unprinted white areas.
  2. The data carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values are formed by a family of parallel whitelines.
  3. The data carrier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values are formed by a regular crossline screen.
  4. The data carrier according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that the unprinted white areas of at least one of the different tonal values form a hidden piece of information, such as a pattern or a character string.
  5. The data carrier according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the at least one of the printed sub-areas of the halftone image is tactilely perceptible.
  6. The data carrier according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the measure of the unprinted white areas is, in at least one dimension, less than 100 µm, preferably less than 80 µm, and particularly preferably less than 60 µm.
  7. The data carrier according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that at least six printed sub-areas have different tonal values, each of which is formed by a printed sub-area appearing fully printed to the naked eye and having a certain portion of unprinted white areas.
  8. The data carrier according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that the halftone image constitutes a portrait.
  9. An intaglio printing plate for printing a halftone image, having at least three differently engraved regions in the printing plate surface for printing different tonal values, characterized in that one or more of the at least three engraved regions exhibits a certain portion of non-printing white areas formed by, lying at the level of the printing plate surface, patches whose measure in at least one dimension lies below the resolution limit of the naked eye.
  10. The intaglio printing plate according to claim 9, characterized in that the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved regions result from a family of parallel scribe lines whose spacing is greater than the line width of the scribe lines.
  11. The intaglio printing plate according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved regions result from two families of scribe lines, each of which is parallel and each of whose spacing is greater than the line width of the scribe lines, intersecting at an angle.
  12. The intaglio printing plate according to claim 11, characterized in that the two families intersect at an angle between 40° and 80°, preferably between 50° and 70°.
  13. The intaglio printing plate according to at least one of claims 10 to 12,
    characterized in that the scribe lines exhibit a width below 60 µm, preferably below 50 µm.
  14. The intaglio printing plate according to at least one of claims 9 to 13,
    characterized in that the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved regions form a hidden piece of information, such as a pattern or a character string.
  15. The intaglio printing plate according to at least one of claims 9 to 14,
    characterized in that the white area patches that lie at the level of the printing plate surface continue into the depth of the printing plate at an included angle α lying between 15° and 60°, preferably between 30° and 50°, based on the surface normal of the printing plate.
  16. The intaglio printing plate according to at least one of claims 9 to 15,
    characterized in that at least one of the engraved regions exhibits a base area having a basic roughness pattern.
  17. The intaglio printing plate according to at least one of claims 9 to 16,
    characterized in that, for printing different tonal values, at least six differently engraved regions are provided that each exhibit a certain portion of non-printing white areas that are formed by, lying at the level of the printing plate surface, patches whose measure in at least one dimension lies below the resolution limit of the naked eye.
  18. An intaglio printing process for printing a halftone image having three or more different tonal values, in which an intaglio printing plate according to one of claims 9 to 17 is employed.
  19. A method for manufacturing an intaglio printing plate for printing a halftone image having three or more different tonal values, having the process steps:
    - providing a printing plate having a printing plate surface,
    - engraving at least three different regions in the printing plate, wherein in one or more of the three regions is left a certain portion of non-printing white areas that are formed by, lying at the level of the printing plate surface, patches whose measure in at least one dimension lies below the resolution limit of the naked eye.
  20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved regions is produced from a family of parallel scribe lines whose spacing is greater than the line width of the scribe lines.
  21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved regions is produced from two families of scribe lines, each of which is parallel and each of whose spacing is greater than the line width of the scribe lines, intersecting at an angle.
  22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the two families intersect at an angle between 40° and 80°, preferably between 50° and 70°.
  23. The method according to at least one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the scribe lines are produced having a width below 60 µm, preferably below 50 µm.
  24. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the non-printing white areas of at least one of the engraved regions are produced in the form of a hidden piece of information, such as a pattern or a character string.
  25. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the white area patches that lie at the level of the printing plate surface are produced continuing into the depth of the printing plate at an included angle α lying between 15° and 60°, preferably between 30° and 50°, based on the surface normal of the printing plate.
  26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that an engraving tool having an appropriate included angle α is employed for engraving.
  27. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that a rotating stylus is employed for engraving.
  28. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the engraving is carried out by means of a laser beam or through etching.
  29. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 28, characterized in that a base area having a basic roughness pattern is produced in at least one of the engraved regions.
EP06706763A 2005-02-21 2006-02-09 Data support with continuous tone image Revoked EP1853433B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005008135A DE102005008135A1 (en) 2005-02-21 2005-02-21 Disk with halftone image
PCT/EP2006/001123 WO2006087129A2 (en) 2005-02-21 2006-02-09 Data support with continuous tone image

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EP1853433A2 EP1853433A2 (en) 2007-11-14
EP1853433B1 true EP1853433B1 (en) 2008-08-06

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EP06706763A Revoked EP1853433B1 (en) 2005-02-21 2006-02-09 Data support with continuous tone image

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EP (1) EP1853433B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100579796C (en)
AT (1) ATE403554T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2594780C (en)
DE (2) DE102005008135A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2312113T3 (en)
MY (1) MY146523A (en)
RU (1) RU2392125C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2006087129A2 (en)

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DE102010026949A1 (en) * 2010-07-12 2012-01-12 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh A method of producing a security document with raised individualized tactile marks and security document
EP3446885A1 (en) * 2017-08-24 2019-02-27 Constantia Hueck Folien GmbH & Co. KG Security element for packaging and method for generating a security element with high edge sharpness in the case of gravure printing printing elements
DE102018115146A1 (en) * 2018-06-24 2019-12-24 Industry365 Ug (Haftungsbeschränkt) Process for producing security elements that are invisible to the human eye and cannot be copied in an image, and method for verifying the authenticity of products based on the comparison of unequal information and printed image

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DE19624131A1 (en) 1996-06-17 1997-12-18 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Process for the production of embossing plates
DE19845440A1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-06 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Intaglio printing process for full-surface printing of large areas
DE10015097A1 (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Banknote paper and method for its printing, engraved printing plate for such a method and method for producing an engraved print- plate for use with such printing, to produce complex print images that are hard to counterfeit
DE10044403A1 (en) * 2000-09-08 2002-03-21 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Data carrier with intaglio printing and method for converting image motifs into line structures as well as in an intaglio printing plate
DE10162050A1 (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-07-03 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh value document

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EP1853433A2 (en) 2007-11-14
RU2007134309A (en) 2009-03-27
MY146523A (en) 2012-08-15
ES2312113T3 (en) 2009-02-16
RU2392125C2 (en) 2010-06-20
WO2006087129A3 (en) 2006-11-02
CA2594780C (en) 2014-09-30
WO2006087129A2 (en) 2006-08-24
CA2594780A1 (en) 2006-08-24
DE102005008135A1 (en) 2006-08-31
CN101115626A (en) 2008-01-30
DE502006001280D1 (en) 2008-09-18
ATE403554T1 (en) 2008-08-15
CN100579796C (en) 2010-01-13

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