EP1117107A2 - Überspannungsableiter - Google Patents
Überspannungsableiter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1117107A2 EP1117107A2 EP00811193A EP00811193A EP1117107A2 EP 1117107 A2 EP1117107 A2 EP 1117107A2 EP 00811193 A EP00811193 A EP 00811193A EP 00811193 A EP00811193 A EP 00811193A EP 1117107 A2 EP1117107 A2 EP 1117107A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- surge arrester
- arrester according
- contact
- active part
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
Definitions
- the invention is based on a surge arrester according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- the surge arrester described for low-voltage systems is a varistor with a thermal shutdown device consisting of a security strip and a Thermal release with eutectic melt alloy in a thermally conductive connection, which, when the varistor is heated inadmissible, causes the separation of the Thermal triggers and a damage indicator is triggered by spring force.
- the surge current-proof security strip with predetermined breaking points within one Fuse housing arranged and melts in a trigger case being the Unmount the attachment of the damage indicator within the fuse housing.
- the thermal release located outside the fuse housing consists of an indicator wire that positions the damage indicator in the "no display" position stop and is separated when the security strip melts or by the Short-circuit current melts.
- This surge arrester is relatively complex to manufacture.
- the invention solves the problem Surge arrester of the type mentioned, which is simple and can be manufactured inexpensively and is still distinguished by excellent Distinguishes operating characteristics.
- the varistor does not contain one metallized active part and two with the formation of electrical contact on the End faces of the active part pressed, elastic contact elements, which preferably are formed from graphite.
- the edge of the active part is not passivated.
- a large long-term stability of the surge arrester is achieved if that Active part of the varistor is passivated on the edge, as is the case on the Electrical insulation made of glass or epoxy lacquer or through varistor edge a rubber or silicone ring pulled over the varistor edge can be realized can. If the passivation has a ring and this ring is higher than the active part executed and / or the ring has a distinctive profile, it can at the same time can be used to position the elastic contact elements.
- An extremely inexpensive manufacture of a surge arrester according to Invention can be achieved if the arrester housing predominantly is formed axially symmetrical and two to form the contact pressure and Prestress has non-positively connected housing parts, from which in a first an opening for performing the first power connection and a part of the damage indicator device containing a signal surface and into a second formed an opening for the passage of the second power connection are.
- this arrester In the manufacture of this arrester, only prefabricated parts, such as one Connection fitting or a connection fitting, a Damage indicator and a biased circuit breaker containing component, one of the elastic contact element, the active part, another the elastic contact elements, optionally with this contact element connected current transmission element and a contact force generating Compression spring inserted into a predominantly tubular housing part and the inserted parts with the formation of contact force by snapping a one second connection fitting containing cap-shaped housing part.
- prefabricated parts such as one Connection fitting or a connection fitting, a Damage indicator and a biased circuit breaker containing component, one of the elastic contact element, the active part, another the elastic contact elements, optionally with this contact element connected current transmission element and a contact force generating Compression spring inserted into a predominantly tubular housing part and the inserted parts with the formation of contact force by snapping a one second connection fitting containing cap-shaped housing part.
- the surge arrester designed in this way can therefore very quickly and can be manufactured with extremely simple means, especially locally.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a surge arrester with a two-part predominantly axially symmetrical drain housing made of plastic, such as preferably a mechanically reinforced one stabilized against photooxidation Polyamide.
- a predominantly tubular executed housing part 2 is an inner recess 18 for engaging a Snap locking device 1a of a housing part 1 designed as an insulating cap molded which, on the one hand, has a metallic power connection 16 and on the other hand via a sealing ring 9 designed as an O - ring with the Housing part 2 is connected watertight.
- a predominantly disc-shaped formed current transmission element 7 is above a metallic, electrical Current-conducting compression spring 4 with the current connection contact 16 in an electrically conductive Pressure connection.
- the compression spring 4 exerts on the current transmission element 7 predeterminable force of z. B. 200 N; it is for short-circuiting its induction on the outside by flexible short-circuit elements 4a made of tinned copper bridged.
- An abutment 19 designed as an inner annular shoulder in the housing part 2 enables a predominantly disc-shaped system to be placed on the edge Current transmission element 8 of a current interrupter, which via a central, punctiform or circular cylindrical fusion connection 15, preferably a Silver solder, with a predefinable melting temperature in a temperature range of typically 140 ° C - 300 ° C, for example from 180 ° C, with a set screw 8a executed, current-conducting part of the circuit breaker is firmly connected.
- the Pin 8a is screwed into a threaded hole 17a of a power connection 17 and thus electrically connected to it. Instead of this screw contact, a fixed, one-piece, electrically conductive contact may be provided (not shown).
- an electrically insulating, rotationally symmetrical Damage indicator device 3 with an outside signal surface 3a, preferably with a phosphorescent and / or fluorescent material, arranged, so that even in poor visibility conditions a clear Error detection is possible.
- This damage indicator is in the Operating state of the surge arrester on the one hand with a flange on the current transmission element 8 of the circuit breaker; on the other hand, it lies via a sealing ring 10 designed as a 0-ring, watertight at one end part of the housing part 2 and on the power connection contact 17.
- the damage indicator 3 is a compression spring 5 with a lower clamping force than the compression spring 4, for example of 50 N, arranged. This compression spring is supported on the one hand on the damage indicator 3 and on the other hand on part 8 of the Circuit breaker.
- the current transmission element 7 stands over a grooved surface and over preferably designed as a graphite disc with elastic contact element 13 an end face 12a of a disk-shaped active part 12 of a varistor in electrically good conductive pressure connection.
- the current transmission element 8 stands over a grooved surface and also a graphite disc elastic contact element 13 with an end face 12b of the active part 12 in electrical good conductive pressure connection.
- the compression spring 4 presses the active part of the Varistors on the current transmission element 7 against the abutment 19 Housing part 2.
- the grooved contact contact surfaces of the current transmission elements 7, 8 cause a uniform power transmission to the elastic contact elements 11, 13 or a good heat transfer from the active part 12 to Current transmission element 8 of the circuit breaker.
- the transmission element 7 is in the center of its ribbed surface by means of a drop 14 Superglue firmly connected to the elastic contact element 11.
- a metal oxide, especially based on zinc oxide, existing active part 12 is not metallized on its end faces 12a, 12b. It is on the edge with a dielectric passivation agent, such as an electrical one Isolation from glass or epoxy paint or a ring 6, preferably from a dielectric elastomer, such as in particular silicone, covered or covered.
- the ring 6 is slightly higher than the active part 12 of the varistor, so that it is a simultaneously Centering means for the elastic contact elements 11, 13 and the active part 12 forms.
- the surge arrester In normal operating conditions, the surge arrester has a high resistance. At dangerous surges, z. B. by atmospheric Discharges or switching operations, the electrical resistance of the Varistors with increasing electrical voltage and limits this. The increases Temperature of the varistor due to overload and becomes the melting temperature reached the fuse link 15, the fuse link opens.
- the compression spring 5 now presses the damage indicator 3 together with the Power connection contact 17 in the direction of an arrow 21 to the right until the edge Flange of the damage indicator 3, previously on part 8 of the Current interrupter system, on a contact surface or on an abutment 20 of the Housing part 2 abuts. This causes an undesirably large current through the Varistor interrupted and the signal area 3a of the device 3 outside the Housing part 2 visible (not shown).
- the surge arrester can be installed in any position in an electrical system to be protected, whereby at least one of the two power connection contacts 16, 17 flexibly connected have to be.
- Fig. 2 shows the current transmission element 8 of the circuit breaker with a annularly arranged around its center fusible link 15a instead of one punctiform 15 according to FIG. 1.
- the one with this fusible link Equipped circuit breakers have the advantage of a more precise setting option the current separation, since the melting region 15a does not immediately correspond to the Heat sink acting threaded pin 8a is connected.
- the surge arrester also has a plurality of varistors 12 can be equipped (not shown). Their end faces 12a, 12b can take place plane-parallel, for example also convex or concave (not shown).
- the elastic contact element 11, 13 and the non-metalized End faces 12a, 12b each allow their good electrical contact.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsansicht eines Überspannungsableiters für Niederspannung mit einem Stromunterbrecher mit punktförmigem Thermoauslöser, und
- Fig. 2
- einen Stromauslöser mit ringförmigem Thermoauslöser für den Überspannungsableiter gemäss Fig. 1.
- 1, 2
- Gehäuseteile
- 1a
- Schnapparretiervorrichtung
- 3
- Schadensanzeigevorrichtung
- 3a
- Signalfläche
- 4, 5
- Druckfedern
- 4a
- Kurzschlusselemente
- 6
- Ring
- 7, 8
- Stromübertragungselemente
- 8a
- Gewindestift
- 9, 10
- Dichtungsringe,
- 11, 13
- elastische Kontaktelemente
- 12
- Aktivteil
- 12a, 12b
- Stirnflächen
- 14
- Tropfen
- 15, 15a
- Schmelzverbindungen
- 16, 17
- Stromanschlüsse
- 17a
- Gewindeloch
- 18
- Aussparung
- 19, 20
- Widerlager
- 21
- Pfeil
Claims (15)
- Überspannungsableiter mit einem Ableitergehäuse, zwei aus dem Ableitergehäuse geführten Stromanschlüssen (16, 17) und mindestens einem im Ableitergehäuse angeordneten scheibenförmigen Varistor mit zwei stirnseitig vorgesehen Kontaktstellen, die jeweils mit einem der beiden Stromanschlüsse (16, 17) in elektrisch leitender Verbindung stehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Varistor ein nicht metallisiertes Aktivteil (12) enthält sowie zwei unter Bildung von elektrischem Kontakt auf die Stirnseiten des Aktivteils (12) gedrückte, elastische Kontaktelemente (11, 13).
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eines der beiden Kontaktelemente (11, 13) eine Graphitscheibe ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aktivteil (12) nicht passiviert ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aktivteil (12) randseitig passiviert ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aktivteil (12) randseitig einen Ring (6) aufweist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ring (6) höher als das Aktivteil (12) ist, derart, dass er eine randseitige Begrenzung zur Positionierung für der Kontaktelemente (11, 13) bildet.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ring (6) von einem dielektrischen Elastomer, insbesondere einem Silikon, gebildet ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 mit einem in der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen einem ersten (13) der beiden Kontaktelemente (11, 13) und einem ersten (17) der beiden Stromanschlüsse (16,17) angeordneten und als Schmelzverbindung ausgeführten Stromunterbrecher und mit einer bei geschlossenem Stromunterbrecher mit Vorspannung beaufschlagten und bei geöffnetem Stromunterbrecher sichtbaren Schadensanzeigevorrichtung (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelzverbindung (15, 15a) in ein auf das erste Kontaktelement (13) unter Bildung von Kontaktkraft gedrücktes scheibenförmiges Element (8) des Stromunterbrechers eingeformt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 8 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das scheibenförmige Element (8) mit einer gerillten Oberfläche auf die Kontaktfläche (13) gedrückt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelzverbindung (15, 15a) punktförmig oder ringförmig ausgebildet ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ableitergehäuse überwiegend axialsymmetrisch ausgebildet ist und zwei unter Bildung des Kontaktdruckes und der Vorspannung kraftschlüssig miteinander verbundene Gehäuseteile (1, 2) aufweist, von denen in ein erstes (2) eine Öffnung zur Durchführung des ersten Stromanschlusses (17) und eines eine Signalfläche (3a) enthaltenden Teils der Schadensanzeigevorrichtung (3) und in ein zweites (1) eine Öffnung zur Durchführung des zweiten Stromanschlusses (16) eingeformt sind.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Gehäuseteile (11, 13) zusammengeschnappt sind.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorspannung mit einer zwischen dem scheibenförmigen Element (8) und der Schadensanzeigevorrichtung (3) abgestützten ersten Druckfeder (5) und die Kontaktkraft mit einer auf das zweite Kontaktelement (11) wirkenden zweiten Druckfeder (4) erzeugt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Druckfeder (4) durch biegsame Kurzschlusselemente (4a) überbrückt ist.
- Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ableitergehäuse aus einem gegen Photooxidation stabilisierten, mechanisch verstärkten Polyamid besteht.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10000617 | 2000-01-10 | ||
DE10000617A DE10000617A1 (de) | 2000-01-10 | 2000-01-10 | Ueberspannungsableiter |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1117107A2 true EP1117107A2 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
EP1117107A3 EP1117107A3 (de) | 2004-12-22 |
EP1117107B1 EP1117107B1 (de) | 2007-01-24 |
Family
ID=7627045
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00811193A Expired - Lifetime EP1117107B1 (de) | 2000-01-10 | 2000-12-14 | Überspannungsableiter |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6614640B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1117107B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005038869A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1218329C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE352848T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0100035A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2332384A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ200145A3 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10000617A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2280191T3 (de) |
HR (1) | HRPK20010016B1 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0100061A3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL199074B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2260220C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW498352B (de) |
UA (1) | UA71916C2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013135369A1 (de) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-19 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Überspannungsschutzgerät |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10136617C1 (de) * | 2001-07-17 | 2002-10-10 | Siemens Ag | Überspannungsableiter zum Einsatz in Energieübertragungsnetzen |
EP1304786A1 (de) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-23 | ABB Schweiz AG | Spannungsbegrenzer |
DE10162916A1 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-10 | Epcos Ag | Federbügel, Überspannungsableiter mit dem Federbügel und Anordnung eines Überspannungsableiters |
EP1698029B1 (de) * | 2003-12-15 | 2010-08-11 | ABB France | Überspannungsschutzvorrichtung mit klemmanordnung |
DE102004025912A1 (de) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Epcos Ag | Überspannungsableiter |
DE102006034404B4 (de) * | 2006-06-08 | 2014-05-28 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Überstromschutzeinrichtung für den Einsatz mit Überspannungsschutzgeräten, mit einem zusätzlichen als Schlagbolzen ausgeführten mechanischen Auslöser |
DE102010007428A1 (de) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-11 | Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG, 32825 | Überspannungsschutzelement |
DE102011122863B3 (de) * | 2010-10-29 | 2016-06-02 | DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. | Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer thermischen Trennstelle |
CN102082427A (zh) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-06-01 | 上海雷迅防雷技术有限公司 | 一种压敏芯片串石墨片的电涌保护器 |
EP2669903B1 (de) * | 2012-05-30 | 2018-09-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gekapselter überspannungsableiter mit zentraldurchführung |
US8743525B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2014-06-03 | Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd | Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material |
US9906017B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2018-02-27 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Modular overvoltage protection units |
CN104265556B (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-08-17 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种基于介电弹性体的潮汐能发电机结构设计 |
EP3182438B1 (de) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-10-03 | ABB Schweiz AG | Druckfestes unterwassergehäuse für eine elektrische vorrichtung |
US10319545B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-11 | Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. | Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same |
US10447026B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-10-15 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Devices for active overvoltage protection |
US10707678B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-07-07 | Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. | Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers |
US10340110B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-02 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same |
DE102017118181B4 (de) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-17 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Gekapselte Überspannungsschutzvorrichtung mit einem becherartigen Gehäuse |
US10685767B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2020-06-16 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Surge protective device modules and systems including same |
US11223200B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-01-11 | Ripd Ip Development Ltd | Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same |
US11862967B2 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | Raycap, S.A. | Surge protective device assembly modules |
US11723145B2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same |
US11990745B2 (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2024-05-21 | Raycap IP Development Ltd | Methods and systems for remote monitoring of surge protective devices |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4899248A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1990-02-06 | Hubbell Incorporated | Modular electrical assemblies with plastic film barriers |
US5113306A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1992-05-12 | Cooper Power Systems, Inc. | Non-fragmenting arrester with staged pressure relief mechanism |
DE19545505C1 (de) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-05-28 | Dehn & Soehne | Überspannungsableiter |
US5912611A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1999-06-15 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Surge arrester |
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JPS5898794A (ja) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | パタンマツチング装置 |
JPS58183789A (ja) * | 1982-04-20 | 1983-10-27 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 高品位電極用コ−クスの製造法 |
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EP0963590B1 (de) * | 1997-02-25 | 2004-11-17 | Tyco Electronics UK Limited | Verbesserungen an elektrischen überspannungsableitern |
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-
2000
- 2000-01-10 DE DE10000617A patent/DE10000617A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-14 ES ES00811193T patent/ES2280191T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 EP EP00811193A patent/EP1117107B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 AT AT00811193T patent/ATE352848T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-14 DE DE50014002T patent/DE50014002D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-04 TW TW090100194A patent/TW498352B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-04 CZ CZ200145A patent/CZ200145A3/cs unknown
- 2001-01-08 HR HR20010016A patent/HRPK20010016B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-09 BR BR0100035-7A patent/BR0100035A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-09 CA CA002332384A patent/CA2332384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-09 HU HU0100061A patent/HUP0100061A3/hu unknown
- 2001-01-09 PL PL344976A patent/PL199074B1/pl unknown
- 2001-01-09 UA UA2001010168A patent/UA71916C2/uk unknown
- 2001-01-09 RU RU2001100587/09A patent/RU2260220C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-10 JP JP2001002374A patent/JP2005038869A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-10 US US09/756,912 patent/US6614640B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-10 CN CN011013613A patent/CN1218329C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4899248A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1990-02-06 | Hubbell Incorporated | Modular electrical assemblies with plastic film barriers |
US5113306A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1992-05-12 | Cooper Power Systems, Inc. | Non-fragmenting arrester with staged pressure relief mechanism |
US5912611A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1999-06-15 | Asea Brown Boveri Ab | Surge arrester |
DE19545505C1 (de) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-05-28 | Dehn & Soehne | Überspannungsableiter |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013135369A1 (de) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-19 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Überspannungsschutzgerät |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0100035A (pt) | 2001-08-21 |
CN1218329C (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
EP1117107A3 (de) | 2004-12-22 |
HRPK20010016B1 (en) | 2003-08-31 |
HUP0100061A3 (en) | 2002-10-28 |
DE50014002D1 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
RU2260220C2 (ru) | 2005-09-10 |
TW498352B (en) | 2002-08-11 |
US6614640B2 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
JP2005038869A (ja) | 2005-02-10 |
DE10000617A1 (de) | 2001-07-12 |
HUP0100061A2 (hu) | 2001-10-28 |
PL199074B1 (pl) | 2008-08-29 |
US20010019471A1 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
HRP20010016A2 (en) | 2001-12-31 |
ES2280191T3 (es) | 2007-09-16 |
CA2332384A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
UA71916C2 (en) | 2005-01-17 |
CN1304142A (zh) | 2001-07-18 |
PL344976A1 (en) | 2001-07-16 |
ATE352848T1 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
CZ200145A3 (cs) | 2002-02-13 |
EP1117107B1 (de) | 2007-01-24 |
HU0100061D0 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
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