EP1116827A1 - Rail fixing - Google Patents

Abstract

The clamp (10) is made of spring steel and has a middle part (14) with two inner bars (12) and a loop (16), which is closed by the inner bar and curves to form a free end of the clamp. The free space between the middle part and the loop in the area of the free end of the loop is less than the diameter of the spring steel in the area of the free end. A thickened or compressed part may be formed at the free end.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to an elastic clamp with the Features of the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

Rail fastenings are in the form of elastic tension clamps long known and have been in extensive use proven.

In the past, on railway sleepers, especially those made of prestressed concrete, Rail fastening systems with elastic spring elements used, which are designed W-shaped in plan view.

DE 32 43 895 describes a tension clamp pre-assemble on the sleeper in the sleeper factory leaves and for the final bracing of the rail in the track their pre-assembly position by 180º in the assembly position must be rotated. The tension clamp includes an arcuate Middle section with two adjoining the middle section Thighs. The arched middle part as well as the itself adjoining legs surround the Fixing screw shaft. The elastic fastening the rail is made via bends that match the Connect inner leg and extend to free ends that press on the foot of a rail. In addition to the elastic clamp includes the fastening device a guide plate, one on each side of the Rail foot rests on the threshold and its Surface contour is adapted to the elastic tension clamp, so that the forces coming from the rail reach the threshold be initiated. The bends of the tension clamp after the DE 32 43 895 C2 have a geometry so that the free Ends of the bends from the arcuate central part of the Tension clamp are spaced so far that they are identical in construction Can clamp clamps together to form long chains.

Due to increased claims regarding the Rail fastening itself, but also an increasing one Automation of the track construction as part of the pre-assembly, was developed a rail fastening that no longer out of their Pre-assembly position must be turned into the assembly position, but be moved horizontally perpendicular to the rail can. DE 33 43 119 C2 describes one of these Tension clamp. This tension clamp also acts preferentially with one Rib plate specially matched to the tension clamp together to the emerging forces in the threshold initiate.

This tension clamp has advantages in terms of comfort with the rail fastening, however, the disadvantage that a automatic pre-assembly is not possible because in Storage containers a variety of identical clamps connect to long chains and first by hand must be isolated. Under the concatenation of Tension clamps should be understood in the following that hook many tension clamps together.

Presentation of the invention

The invention has for its object a Develop rail fastenings that are simple and can be automatically pre-assembled on railway sleepers.

This task is achieved with an elastic tension clamp Features of claim 1 solved.

The invention is based on the idea of the tension clamp in terms of dimensions so that the free Distance between the arcuate middle part and the Loop in the area of the free end smaller than that Diameter of the spring steel is from which the tension clamp is made. This is a concatenation of the Tension clamps counteracted. Therefore, under the Pre-assembly of an automatic removal of individual tension clamps be carried out from a storage container. Even at manual preassembly offers the invention Elastic tension clamp advantages, because the assembly staff only the individual tension clamps from a storage container remove, but not possibly formed chains from Loosen clamps from each other.

According to an alternative, preferred embodiment thickening or at the free ends of the tension clamp Upsets. Such thickening and upsetting can also change the distance between the free ends and reduce the arcuate central part so far that a Chaining tension clamps can be safely avoided.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the free ends of the clamp against each other. By the Put the free ends of the tension clamp together a chaining cannot be prevented, because with one corresponding distance between the free ends and the arcuate middle part still interlocking two identical clamps can be made. This However, geometry has the advantage that tilting and mutual jamming of tension clamps in one Storage containers can be avoided, even if through the Basic geometry already switched off chaining is.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the inner legs run essentially parallel to each other. This shape allows the elastic Clamp both horizontally perpendicular to the rail from their Pre-assembly position can be moved to the assembly position can also be used as a replacement for tension clamps can be used for the final bracing of the rail in the track from their pre-assembly position to the assembly position by 180º have to be rotated. In addition, the parallel guidance of the inner thighs without constriction the central loop facilitates automatic pre-assembly.

The loops preferably include one on the respective inner thigh connecting rear support arch as well as an outer leg that attaches to the rear Support arch connects, the rear support arch so is designed that the distance D between the inner leg and the parallel tangent to this on the outer leg D ≥ 50 mm, preferably D ≥ about 60 mm.

Due to the problem of chaining several tension clamps so far they have refrained from each other, loops with a large length and thus a large enclosed one Provide space as this is the unwanted concatenation of several Tension clamps with the loop of a single tension clamp promoted. If there are several tension clamps in the Have a chain of a clamp clamped, it is also for trained personnel difficult, the multiple tension clamps to be detached from each other again because of the freedom of movement for the correct arrangement of the clamps to release them is restricted and due to that also in the loop hooked other tension clamps is restricted. On the other hand, one strives to distance the Inner leg and the parallel tangent to this To make the outer thigh large so that the proportion of torsion the vertical movement of the free ends of the tension clamp the rail foot is picked up by this area and the Torsional stress due to the greater length of this Section easier to be picked up by the tension clamp can. By avoiding entanglement according to the invention of clamps together, the entire Geometry better to meet the ever growing requirements adapt to a rail fastening.

Especially when replacing existing tension clamps for the final bracing of the rail from her Pre-assembly position rotated by 180º in the assembly position must be, the tension clamp according to the invention can be used without having to replace the screws.

Brief description of the figures

Fig. 1a

eine dreidimensionale Ansicht einer erfindungsgeltenden Spannklemme;

Fig. 1b und 1c

dazugehörige Seitenansichten und Draufsichten;

Fig. 2

eine alternative Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Spannklemme in Draufsicht;

Fig. 3

eine alternative Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Spannklemme in Draufsicht;

Fig. 4a und 4b

Draufsichten sowie Seitenansichten einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Spannklemme;

Fig. 5a und 5b

eine Draufsicht sowie eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Spannklemme;

Fig. 6a und 6b

räumliche Darstellungen zweier baugleicher erfindungsgemäßen Spannklemmen, die nicht miteinander verketten können;

Fig. 7

eine Darstellung ähnlich zu den Fig. 6a und 6b mit einer Darstellung zweier Spannklemmen gemäß der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 4a und 4b; und

Fig. 8 und 8b

Beispiele für das Verketten von Spannklemmen.

Further advantages and features of the elastic tension clamp according to the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of various embodiments, which are shown in the following figures. Show it:

Fig. 1a

a three-dimensional view of an inventive tension clamp;

1b and 1c

associated side and top views;

Fig. 2

an alternative embodiment of a tension clamp according to the invention in plan view;

Fig. 3

an alternative embodiment of a tension clamp according to the invention in plan view;

4a and 4b

Top views and side views of a further embodiment of the tension clamp according to the invention;

5a and 5b

a plan view and a side view of a further embodiment of a tension clamp according to the invention;

6a and 6b

spatial representations of two structurally identical clamps according to the invention, which can not chain;

Fig. 7

a representation similar to Figures 6a and 6b with a representation of two tension clamps according to the embodiment of Figures 4a and 4b; and

8 and 8b

Examples of chaining tension clamps.

Ways of Carrying Out the Invention

The following figures are for simpler Reference to the same or similar sections of each Tension clamps are designated with the same reference numbers.

In Fig. 8a and 8b conventional tension clamps are shown, the are labeled 10.1 and 10.2 respectively. The additions .1 as well as .2 the two interacting, designate identical clamps. The tension clamps consist of an arcuate central part 14, two themselves the arch-shaped inner part adjoining the inner leg 12 as well as loops 16, each on the inner thighs connect and terminate in free ends 18.

Due to the geometric relationships of the above Sections of the clamps to each other, it is possible that hook the two clamps 10.1 and 10.2 together. This is done by the between one of the free ends 18.1 first clamp and the corresponding middle part 14.1 free end 18.2 of the second clamp and the associated one Midsection 14.2 can pass through. Is the distance between the free end 18 and the central part 14 greater than the diameter d can cause two clamps to get caught at any place by, as in Fig. 8b is shown, the clamp 10.2 in the area of Loop 16.2 between the free end 18 and the Middle part 14 of the tension clamp 10.1 passes through.

It can be shown from computer simulations that the Possibility of interlocking two identically constructed Clamping clamps not only from the clear distance between the free end 18 and the middle part 14 depends, but itself the constriction also at a distance from the free end can be located and also the complex and often non-linear Sequence of movements in the case of possible snagging of identical construction Clamps must also be taken into account.

Chaining only occurs if the statistical probability of possible snagging The big thing is that it forms chains with each other hooked tension clamps can come. An individually occurring Wedging or hooking two tension clamps is harmless, because this does not lead to the formation of long chains.

If one turns to FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, one is first embodiment of the tension clamp according to the invention shown. The tensioning clamp 10 comprises two loops 16 which join a middle section that is essentially made up of two inner legs 12 is formed which, as shown in Fig. lb can be seen to run parallel to each other. Between Inner legs 12 is a in the assembled state Threshold screw (not shown) performed in the Mounting condition on flat 20 in the area of the top the inner leg 12, possibly with the intermediation of a Washer, rests. When assembling the Threshold screw using a torque wrench on the Head of the threshold screw attacks in one in the threshold located plastic dowels in a known manner screwed in until the desired clamping force is achieved.

Due to the shape of the parallel to each other Inner leg is both a horizontal sliding movement perpendicular to the rail between the pre-assembly position and the Installation position as well as turning 180º from the Pre-assembly position can be realized in the assembly position. In addition, it is also possible to use a tension clamp parallel inner thighs through the in 1a to 1c to replace the clamp shown by only loosening the threshold screw and the Tension clamps by a rotating and sliding movement are exchanged in each case.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the inner legs are connected by an arcuate central part 14. On the relative to the arched middle section opposite side of the inner thighs close Loops 16, which themselves consist of a rear support arch 22, Outer legs 24 and aligned free ends 26 consist.

The free ends 26 are in the present embodiment arranged relative to the arcuate central part 14 so that the free distance between the middle part 14 and the Loop 16 in the area of the respective free ends 26 less than the diameter of the spring steel in the area of the Free end 26 is, whereby several tension clamps are not can chain together.

As additionally from the representation in FIGS. 1a to 1c and 1c, in particular, is the rear one Support arch formed so that it has a great length D has, which is the distance between the axis of the Inner leg and the parallel tangent through the The center of the outer leg corresponds. This distance D should be at least 50 mm so that the shown Tension clamp can ensure a high torsion path, whereby the spring stiffness can be reduced. However, the geometry of the loop is also for this co-decisive. So should the outer legs of the loops describe an arc, the secant S (see Fig. 1b) in is essentially parallel to the course of the inner legs.

This geometry is particularly important when using the tension clamp an advantage on problematic sections of the route. So can for example in the area of slopes by Slipping through the wheels of rail vehicles high-frequency Vibrations arise that move the rails in Longitudinal direction despite properly tightened clamps trigger. The provision of a larger torsion section increases the fatigue strength of the rail connection, since not only the torsion portion of the loop is increased, but also a relative increase in the bending radius in Rail direction takes place.

2 to 5b each show ways to free Distance between the arcuate middle part and the To make the loop small in the area of the free end. So is shown in Fig. 2 that the length of the middle part and thus allows the length of the inner legs 12 to increase a shorter distance between the arcuate Middle part and the free ends 26 of the loops 16 produce.

An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, however extends the free ends 26 so far that only still a small distance d2 between the free ends 26 located. The approach of the free ends 26 alone can however, do not prevent chaining; it must be accordingly the statements made above also on the corresponding minimally chosen free distance between the respective, individual free ends 26 and the arcuate central part 14 be respected in the same way.

An alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b 4a shows a plan view of this Embodiment of the clamp and Fig. 4b a Represents side view of the same. How to get out of the Basic geometry of the tension clamp shown in Fig. 4a results, this is that shown in Figs. La to lc Tension clamp in relation to the length of the middle part and the Curvature of the loops 16 very similar. The essential The difference is that 26 Thickenings 28 are located, which the free distance between the arched middle part and the thickening of the free Reduce the ends so far that chaining is effective can be avoided. The thickenings 28 can be as Bulges of the ends must be formed and require one increased manufacturing effort. The advantage of Thickening is, however, that a larger free one Distance between the arcuate middle part and the thickened end of the free end 26 is possible. This can be favorable from a manufacturing point of view if the Individual advanced of the spring steel of the tension clamp strong springs back and therefore it is due to geometric Restrictions is not possible, the free ends as far as that arc-shaped middle part to approximate that concatenation can be prevented.

5a and 5b finally show an alternative Embodiment whose inner thighs are not covered by a arcuate central part are interconnected. Instead of of which there are no free ends 26, but is the Tension clamp manufactured throughout in this area. Despite the different arrangement of the ends develops relative to the continuous areas however the same basic geometry, according to the free distance between the inner thighs in the present case 12 arranged free ends and the continuous loop 30 formed free distance can also be chosen so small must that chaining is not possible.

To clarify that with the proposed tension clamps mutual engagement of the loop of a tension clamp in the loop of an identical tension clamp is no longer is possible, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a and 4b in FIG. 7 in a corresponding position being represented. Fig. 7 shows that due to Thickenings 28.1 on the tension clamp 10.1 and 28.2 on the Tension clamp 10.2 no loops of 16.1 and 16.2 is more possible. Figures 6a and 6b show in the same way 6b on the basis of that shown in FIGS Design variant that also shown with this Geometry the two clamps no longer get caught is.

By counteracting chaining of the tension clamps, the loops can be sized accordingly, since there is no risk of chaining several tension clamps exists longer. This gives the opportunity to Bending radii in the direction of the rail to enlarge and the To increase the proportion of torsion, so that the tension clamps have improved spring characteristics. By the Extend the free ends as part of reducing the Free space can also be used to apply larger surface pressures achieve on the rail foot. This compares to well-known, also W-shaped clamps at least the same technical properties, in particular in terms of elasticity in vertical and horizontal Direction as well as in the longitudinal and transverse direction to the rail generated. It also becomes simple and automatic Pre-assembly of railway sleepers possible on the other But also by providing parallel to each other running inner thigh one with as little as possible Interchangeability both realizable Tension clamps of the same type as the one already used well-known, similarly shaped models.

Claims (6)

Elastic spring steel tension clamp, comprising: a middle part (14; 12) with two inner legs (12); and Loops (16) which connect to the inner legs (12) and run to the free ends (18) of the tensioning clamp (10); characterized in that the free distance between the middle part (14; 12) and the loop (16) in the area of the free end (18) is smaller than the diameter of the spring steel in the area of the free end. Elastic tension clamp according to claim 1,
characterized in that
there are thickenings (28) or swellings on the free ends (18) of the tensioning clamp (10). Elastic tension clamp according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the free ends (18) of the tension clamp abut each other or are made in one piece. Elastic tension clamp according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the inner legs (12) run essentially parallel to one another. Elastic tension clamp according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
two inner legs (12) are connected by an arcuate central part (14) and the loops (16) are connected on the opposite side of the respective inner leg (12) to the arcuate central part (14). Elastic tension clamp according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the loops attach themselves to each one
Inner leg (12) adjacent rear support arch (22) and an outer leg (24) which adjoins the rear support arch (22), the rear support arch (22) is designed so that the distance D between the inner leg and the parallel Tangent for this on the outer leg (24) is D ≥ 50 mm and preferably D ≥ about 60 mm.

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